k¾;kh - nienie.lk/pdffiles/tg/s10tim136.pdf · i k¾;kh.=re ud¾f.damfoayh 10 fya%ksh ^2015 isg...

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10 fYa%Ksh10 fYa%Ksh10 fYa%Ksh10 fYa%Ksh10 fYa%Ksh^2015 isg ls%hd;aul flf¾'&^2015 isg ls%hd;aul flf¾'&^2015 isg ls%hd;aul flf¾'&^2015 isg ls%hd;aul flf¾'&^2015 isg ls%hd;aul flf¾'&

fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=jfi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=jfi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=jfi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=jfi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=jcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

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fjí wvúh ( fjí wvúh ( fjí wvúh ( fjí wvúh ( fjí wvúh ( www.nie.lk

úµq;a ;emE, ( úµq;a ;emE, ( úµq;a ;emE, ( úµq;a ;emE, ( úµq;a ;emE, ( [email protected]

ii

10 fYa%Ksh10 fYa%Ksh10 fYa%Ksh10 fYa%Ksh10 fYa%Ksh.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh.=re ud¾f.damfoaYhm%:u uqøKh 2015m%:u uqøKh 2015m%:u uqøKh 2015m%:u uqøKh 2015m%:u uqøKh 2015C cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

ISBN : .....................................

fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=jfi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=jfi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=jfi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=jfi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=jcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khuyr.uuyr.uuyr.uuyr.uuyr.uYS% ,xldjYS% ,xldjYS% ,xldjYS% ,xldjYS% ,xldj

fjí wvúh ( fjí wvúh ( fjí wvúh ( fjí wvúh ( fjí wvúh ( www.nie.lk

úµq;a ;emE, ( úµq;a ;emE, ( úµq;a ;emE, ( úµq;a ;emE, ( úµq;a ;emE, ( [email protected]

uqøKh (uqøKh (uqøKh (uqøKh (uqøKh (

uqøKd,huqøKd,huqøKd,huqøKd,huqøKd,h

iii

wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsúvh

cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj úiska ks¾foaY lrk ,o cd;sl uÜgfï ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh

lsÍfï uQ,sl wruqK iys; j tjlg mej;s wka;¾.;h mokï jq wOHdmkh fjkqjg j¾I wglska

hq;= pl%hlska iukaú; kj ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,dfjys m<uq wÈhr" j¾I 2007 § YS% ,xldfõ

oaú;SSshsl wOHdmk fCIa;%hg y÷kajd fok ,os'

kj úIhud,d pl%fha fojk wÈhr 2015 j¾Ifha § yh jk iy oy jk fYa%Ks i|yd y÷kajd

§u l< hq;= j ;sfí' fï i|yd m¾fhaIKj,ska wkdjrKh jq lreKq o wOHdmkh ms<sn| j wjOdkh

fhduq lrk úúO md¾Yjhkaf.a fhdackd o mokï fldg f.k úIh ks¾foaY ;d¾lSlrKh lsÍfï

ls%hdj,shla cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska y÷kajd fokq ,eîh'

fuu ;d¾lSlrK ls%hdj,sfha § ish¨ u úIhhkaf.a ksmqK;d uÜgï" mokï uÜgfï isg

Wiia uÜgu olajd l%udkql+, j f.dv ke.Su i|yd my< isg by<g .uka lrk isria ixl,kh

Ndú; lrk ,os' úúO úIhhkays § tl u úIh lreKq kej; kej; bÈßm;aùu yels;dla wju lsÍu"

jeä nr megùï j,ska hqla; úIh wka;¾.;hka wvq lsÍu" iy ls%hd;aul l< yels YsIH ñ;=re

úIhud,djla ieliSu i|yd ;sria ixl,kh Ndú; lr we;'

.=re Nj;=ka i|yd mdvï ie,iqï lsÍu" b.ekaùu" ls%hdldrlï lrf.k hEu" uekSï yd

we.hSï hkd § wxYhka i|yd wjYH jkakd jQ ud¾f.damfoaYhka ,nd§fï wruqKska fuu kj .=re

ud¾f.damfoaYh y÷kajd § we;' mx;s ldurh ;=< § jvd;a M,odhS .=rejrfhl= f,i lghq;= lsÍug

fuu ud¾f.damfoaYhka Wmldr jkq we;' isiqkaf.a ksmqK;djka j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd .=Kd;aul

fhojqï yd ls%hdldrlï f;dard .ekSug .=rejrekag wjYH ksoyi fuu.ska ,nd § ;sfí' tfuka u

ks¾foaYs; mdG .%ka:j, we;=<;a jk úIh lreKq ms<sn| j jeä nr ;eîula fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYj,

wka;¾.; fkdfõ' tu ksid fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh jvd;a M,odhS ùug kï wOHdmk m%ldYk

fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska ilid we;s wod< mdG .%ka: iu. iu.dó j Ndú; lsÍu w;HjYH fõ'

;d¾lSlrKh lrk ,o úIh ks¾foaY" kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY yd w¨;ska ixj¾Okh lr we;s

mdG .%ka:j, uQ,sl wruqKq jkafka .=re flakaøSh wOHdmk rgdfjka isiq flakaøSh wOHdmk rgdjla

yd jvd;a ls%hdldrlï u; mokï jQ wOHdmk rgdjlg fjkiaùu u.ska jev f,dalhg wjYH jkakd

jQ ksmqK;d yd l=i,;djkaf.ka hqla; udkj iïm;la njg YsIH m%cdj ixj¾Okh lsÍuh'

fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh iïmdokh lsÍfï § cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha Ydia;S%h lghq;=

uKav,h o wdh;kfha iNdj o kka whqßka odhl;ajh ,nd ÿka ish¨ u iïm;aodhlhka yd wksl=;a

md¾Yjhkaf.a buy;a lemùu we.ehSug o fuh wjia:djla lr .kq leue;af;ñ'

wOHlaI ckrd,a

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

iv

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a ysñf.a mKsúvh

bf.kqu" mq¿,a lafIa;%hl úyso hkakls' th Ôú; w;suy;a njg o" b;d u ir, njg o

m;alrhs' ukqIHhd bf.kqï l=i,;dfjka W;alDIag h' udkj iudc ixj¾Okh flakaø fldg .;a

rgla" iudchla nqoaêh úiska y`ÿkd.;a wiïu;hka neyer lsÍug o iqNdú;hka ;=<ska kj f,djla

ks¾udKh lr .ekSug o fuj,u lr.kq ,nkafka bf.kquhs'

bf.kqu iòyd jákd hula o" bf.kqï l%ufõohka yd myiqlï o wOHdmkh jgd ks¾udKh

úh hq;= h' úIh ud,dj" úIh ks¾foaY" ud¾f.damfoaY" iqidOHlrejka bf.kqï lafIa;%hg tlajkqfha

fï wdldrfhks'

kQ;k Y%S ,xldj f.da,Sh m%jK;djka fuka u mqrd;k Wreuhka o iïñY%Kh lr .ksñka

iaùh wOHdmk rgdjla ysñ lrf.k we;' ld,Sk wjYH;d u; m%;sixialrKhka ;=<ska jir wglg

jrla hdj;ald,Sk jk úIh ud,dfõ bf.kqï iïm;la f,i fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ks¾udKh fõ'

úIhfhys wruqKqj, ix.;;dj cd;sl uÜgñka mj;ajd.; hq;= h' tfy;a .=re

ud¾f.damfoaYhkays bf.kqï l%ufõohka" wl=rlaj;a fjkia fkdfldg ms<smeÈh hq;a;la kï fkdfõ'

úIh ks¾foaYfhys ksmqK;d" ksmqK;d uÜgï" idOkh ùu iòyd úIh wka;¾.;h ;=<ska bf.kqï m,

iïm%dma;sh msKsi bf.kqï l%ufõo ks¾udKYS,S j fjkialr .ekSug iqidOHlrejkag meyeÈ,sj u

bvla we;s nj iòyka lrñ' YsIH idOk m%;sY;h by< uÜgulg .ekSu iòyd Woõ jk" myiqlï

i,ik .=re N+ñldjg lsishï m%fõYhla iòyd ks¾udKh jk .=re ud¾f.damfoaY YslaIlhdyg o

fo.=rekg o Ndú; l< yel' wod< fm< fmd;g iylrejl= jk .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh ;j;a fm<

fmd;la fkdjk nj oek .=reNj;=ka .=re ud¾f.damfoaY yd wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ

iïmdÈ; wod< fm< fmd; hk iïm;a øjH fol u Ndú; l< hq;= h'

ta ta úIhhkays idOkh ms<snò we.ehSï isÿlrk cd;sl uÜgfï mÍlaIljrfhl= jqj o

wfmalaId lrk idOkhka" úIh b.ekaùug u. fmkajk iqidOHlrejka úiska mdvu wjidkfhys

mka;s ldurfha § orejka iu. m%;HlaIlrKhg m;aúh hq;= h' tu tald;añl ùu iòyd jQ

m%fndaOd;aul ixialD;shla f.dvk.d .ekSug .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh myqrla" hd;%djla lr.kq we;ehs

wdhdpkd mQ¾jl j wfmalaId lrñ'

mSGdêm;s" ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a

NdId udkj Ydia;% yd iudcúoHd mSGh

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

v

úIhud,d lñgqj

WmfoaYl;ajh yd wkque;sh - Ydia;S%h lghq;= uKav,hcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

úIh iïnkaëlrKh - nqoaê l,HdKs uq;=l=udrK - lÓldpd¾h,fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j,cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh.

f,aLl uKav,h wNHka;r - tia. j¾Kisxy uy;d - fcHIaG l:sldpd¾h,

- nqoaê l,HdKs uq;=l=udrK uy;añh - lÓldpd¾h,- î. tï. tia. o fidhsid uy;añh - lÓldpd¾h,

fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j,cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh.

ndysr - .=Kfiak rdcmlaI uy;d - fcH' lÓldpd¾h ^úY%dñl&,- fla. isß,a ó.u uy;d-fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h ^úY%dñl&,

.=re wNHdi úÿy," .srd.u'- chka;d fyÜáhj;a;

iyldr wOHdmk wOHlaI,l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" fydaud.u.

- fla. iqika; .=Kj¾Ok uy;d,iyldr wOHdmk wOHlaI,l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" ms<su;,dj.

- ã. mS. jhs ksu,a l=udr uy;d - lÓldpd¾h,.=re úÿy," uyr.u.

- î. iqð;a uy;d - .=re WmfoaYl"l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" yïnkaf;dg'

- tï. fyajdú;drK uy;añh - .=re fiajh,nm$ch$úoHdlr nd,sld úÿy," uyr.u.

- tï. tï. tia. mS. fla. udrisxy uy;añh - .=re fiajh,nm$fyda$ rdcisxy uy úoHd,h" yxje,a,.

- wd¾. mS. ta. tia. ch,;a uy;añh - .=re fiajh,uy$mqIamodk uy úÿy," uykqjr

- fÊ. ù. tia. mqiaifj, uy;d - .=refiajh,om$.d$ ´,alÜ uy úÿy," .d,a,.

- ta. ví. ìhxld tï. wfíisxy uy;añh - .=re fiajh,nm$ch$O¾umd, úÿy," mkaksmsáh.

- tï'tï' iuka; úfÊisß uy;d - .=re fiajh,om$udr$Èlaje,a, W;=r uy úÿy," ud;r'

- tÉ. t,a. iukal=udr uy;d - .=refiajh,om$.d$YS% foajdkkao uy úÿy,"mkshk" wïn,kaf.dv.

- fkdfh,a jika; ú;dkf.a uy;d - .=re fiajh,nm$ch$ O¾umd, úÿy," mkaksmsáh

vi

úIh ixialdrl uKav,h - fcHIaG uydpd¾h uqÈhkafia Èidkdhl uy;duydpd¾h ,hk,a fnka;rf.a uy;duydpd¾h wdßhr;ak l¨wdrÉÑ uy;dfcHIaG lÓldpd¾h úl%uisxy nKavdr uy;dfcHIaG lÓldpd¾h wfidald Èidkdhl uy;añhwdpd¾h Ys%hdks rdcmlaI uy;añhfi!kao¾h l,d úYajúoHd,h" fld<U 07'

NdId ixialrKh - wdpd¾h udÿreTfha Oïñiair ysñfcHIaG lÓldpd¾h".ïmy úl%udrÉÑ wdhq¾fõo úoHdh;kh"le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h" hlal,'tia'´' m%kdkaÿ uy;d - wOHlaI ^úY%dñl&B'wd¾' ksu,a fma%ul=udr uy;disxy, NdId fomd¾;fïka;=j" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

vii

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mrsYS,kh i|yd Wmfoia

ffoksl cSú;h id¾:l j mj;ajd .ekSu yd hym;a iudchla f.dvkexùug w;HjYHksmqK;d mdol fldgf.k" mdi,a k¾;k wOHdmkh u.ska tlS ksmqK;d ixj¾Okhgud¾f.damfoaYl;ajh iemhSug fuu ud¾f.damfoaYh ilia lr we;' k¾;k úIh Ndr j lghq;=lrk .=re Nj;=ka fuu w;afmd; mßYS,kfha §;a mx;s ldur bf.kqï$b.ekaùï ls%hdldrlï bÈßm;alsÍfï §;a ,nk iajlSh w;a±lSï o ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= fõ'

10 fY%aKsh k¾;k úIh ks¾foaYh ksmqK;d 08 lska iukaú; h' Bg wod< ksmqK;d uÜgï24 la hgf;a l%shdldrlï 29 la fm< .iajd we;' ksmqK;d" ksmqK;d uÜgï yd ine¢ ls%hdldrlïj,wka;¾.; úIh ikaOdrfhka ,nk ±kqñka muKla fmdaIs; j úNd.j,ska by< idu¾:h ,nd.;a;o hym;a Ôú;hla .; lsÍug th m%udKj;a fkdfõ' ±kqu" l=i,;d yd wdl,am ixj¾Okfhka ysi"yoj; yd oE;a o fmdaIKh l< hq;= fõ' tlS fmdaIKfhka ;ud o iudch o hym;a udj;la lrdfhduq lrùug .e<fmk Ôú;h kxjd,Su woH;k hq.fha m%n, iudc wjYH;djls'

Wla; lreKq ie,ls,a,g .ksñka fuu ud¾f.damfoaYfhys ls%hdldrlï ir, j fm<.iajdwe;s w;r úIh wka;¾.;h olajd we;af;a ixlaIsma; jYfhks' ls%hdldrlï ie,iqu i|yd § we;sWmfoiaj, mshjr 01 i|yd m%fndaOd;aul wdrïNhla ,nd§ug jvd;a iqÿiq ld¾hlaIu yd ks¾udKYS,Sbf.kqï m%fõY Ndú; l< yels h' k¾;k úIh bf.kqï l%uYs,am úúO h' tfuka u iqúfYaI h'ls%hdldrlu yd YsIH YlH;d y÷kd.ksñka wfmalaIs; bf.kqï M, lrd <Õd ùug yels jvd;a M,odhSbf.kqï l%u f;dard .ekSug wjldY we;'

m%dfhda.sl l=i,;d ixj¾Okfha § jvd;a iqÿiq ia:dkhla f;dard .ekSug .=rejrhdueÈy;alrejl= úh hq;= h' lKavdhï ls%hdldrlïj, § ukd wdl,am fuka u iuQyhla jYfhka Ôj;aùfï § wkq.ukh l< hq;= Ôjk mqreÿ ms<sn| w;a±lSï ,nd .; yels wdldrhg ls%hdldrlï ie,iqïl< hq;= fõ' mx;sfha isák YsIH ixLHdj wkqj lKavdhï l< hq;= h' ls%hdldrlï i|yd YsIHhkaimhd f.k wd hq;= rx. WmlrK yd øjH we;akï ta nj l,ska ±kqï §u w;HjYH fõ' .=reud¾f.damfoaYfhys tla tla ksmqK;d uÜgïj, ls%hdldrlï i|yd fjka lr we;s ld,h jvd;aM,odhS f,i Ndú; l< yels w;r" wOHdmk úoHd;aul mokñka olajd we;s jdr igyka ls%hd;aullsÍfuka iuia; we.ehSï ls%hdj,sh ;=< ix.; nj wdrlaId fõ'

`mdvu ixj¾Okhg wod< lr .; yels bf.kqï$b.ekaùï WmlrK .=Kd;aul fhojqï f,ibÈßm;a lr we;s w;r fjk;a iqÿiq fN!;sl yd udkj iïm;a ie,iqï iy.; j Ndú; lsÍu wfmalaIdflf¾' iEu ls%hdldrlula u úfkdaoh" l=;=y,h" w¿;a w;a±lSï yd m%dfhda.sl ùu jeo.;a fõ'ls%hdldrlï i|yd wjYH mska;+r" j.=" oDYH yd Y%jHmg" m%Yakdj,s yd mejreï iQodkï lr .; hq;=fõ'

ksmqK;d mdol wOHdmkfha § YsIH ld¾hhka m%n, ia:dkhla .kakd w;r mx;sfha iEu<uhl= u ta ta ksmqK;dj iïnkaO j wdikak m%ùK;djg f.k taug .=rejrhd iïm;a odhlhl= fõ'wfmalaIs; bf.kqï m, idlaId;alrKh yd isiqkaf.a m%ùK;d uÜgï ms<sn| j .=re isiq fomlaIh u±kqj;a úh hq;= h' we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrK Wmfoia hgf;a bf.kqï m, b,lal fldg .ksñka iEuls%hdldrlula wjidkfha § fyda iqÿiq wjia:dj, § we.hSug ,la lsÍug wjYH m%Yak i|yka lr we;'ta i|yd iqÿiq we.hSï ks¾Kdhl ilia lr.ekSu bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha iqúfYaI wx.hls'we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrK ls%hdj,sh ksu lr isiqkaf.a ±kqu ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd m%;sfmdaIK yd bÈßfmdaIK lghq;= ie,iqï lsÍfï Wla; .=re ld¾hNdrh weiqre fldg.;a kQ;k .=re N+ñldj" mßKduk.=re N+ñldj ̂Transformation Role& f,i kï lr ;sfí'

ks¾udKYS,S .=rejrhl= f,i ls%hdldrlï ie,iqï lr.ekSu i|yd ir, u. fmkaùula f,ibÈßm;a lr we;s fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh bf.kqï b.ekaùï yd we.hSfï ld¾hh id¾:l lr.ekSug ukd msájy,la fõjd hs m;uq'

viii

mgqk

msgqj

wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsúvh i i i

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsúvh i v

úIhud,d lñgqj v

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mßYS,kh i|yd Wmfoia v i i

úIh ks¾foaYfha wka;¾.;h i x

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh i|yd Wmfoia 1 - 50

úúO iydh 51

ix

úIh ks¾foaYfha wka;¾.;h

x

úIh ye¢kaùuúIh ye¢kaùuúIh ye¢kaùuúIh ye¢kaùuúIh ye¢kaùu

wfma ud;DN+ñhg;a" ixialD;shg;a" fidndoyu yd iuia; Ôj" wÔj úYaj Od;=jg;a ys;ldómqrjeishl= ks¾udKh lsÍfï mq¿,a cd;sl mrud¾:fhka mdi,a moaO;sh ;=< orejkag bf.kSug,efnk iqúfYaI;u úIhh fi!kao¾h úIhhs' th cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha fi!kao¾hwOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j f,i wm úiska y÷kd.kakd ,o my; ±lafjk fi!kao¾h úIhfhacd;sl oelau lsheùfuka Tng uekúka wjfndaO jkq we;'

fi!kao¾hfhka ixialD;sluh ,eoshd mqnqÿjd" tu.ska ks¾udKYS,S nj" ixfõ§;dj" ord .ekSu"YS% ,dxflah wkkH;dj yd foaYdkqrd.h jvjd ud;D N+ñh flfrys ixfõ§ jQ ore le,la yd iudchlaìys lsÍu'

(“To sensitize students and the community through aesthetics to the Mother Land, endowed with

cultural pride, creativity, sensitivity, tolerance, partriotism and a sense of national identity”)

foaYh f.dvkexùfï § úYajh iu. hy in|;d mj;ajd .ksñka fmrg hk wkd.;mqrjeishd flfia úh hq;= o hkak .eUqßka úuid ne,Su;a iu. fuf;la mej;s fi!kao¾h úIhfhacd;sl oelau w;sl%uKh fldg fuu 2015 kj wOHdmk m%;sixialrKh foi kjuq oDIaáhla fy<dwe;s nj tkhska u Tng meyeÈ,s jkq we;'

Wiia ri{;d {dkhlska hq;= udkj ys;jd§ Ñka;kfhys fyì ls%hdYS,S iudcdkqfhda.S mqrjeishl=f,i jev f,dalhg msúiSug fi!kao¾h wOHdmkfhka ,nk wdOHd;añl yd YdÍßl m%fndaOh bjy,alr.ekSu woH;k iudc wjYH;djls'

fi!kao¾h wOHdmkfhka orejl= ;=< fid÷re fuka u ks¾udKYS,S yelshdjka yd Ñ;a;khm%j¾Okh lsÍu o úkh .rel" iodpdrj;a wNsudkj;a mqrjeishl= ;ekSfï j.lSu bgq lsÍu ofojeks jkafka wd.fuka ñksidg ie,fik fiajdjg muKs'

tneúka úoHd" .Ks;" jdKsc" ;dlaIK yd NdId úIhhkaf.ka {dkkh jk ñksiai;a;ajhdg ñksia .=K Wreu lrfok fi!kao¾h wOHdmksl úIhhka bf.kSu todg;a jvd wogiy fygg w;HjYH u neõ ;rfha u lsj hq;= j we;'

fuu úIhud,d m%;sixialrKh;a iu. wNskjfhka 6 fY%aKshg meñfKk orejkaa kjuqÑka;khla we;s w¿;a mrmqrla f,i ;ekqu Wfoid m<uq ls%hdldrlñka u iajhx fm,Uùula we;sjk mßÈ leue;a; yd úYajdih .=rejrhd úiska Èkd .; hq;= h' ta i|yd áfnÜ cd;sl tia' uyskaoysñhka w;ska úrÑ; —m%d¾:kdj˜ kï jQ l=vd <ud .Shla orejdf.a Ôjk m%;s{djla f,i Èkm;d mdvuwerUqug fmr .ehqug wms fhdackd lruq'

i i i - i i i - ß ß ß - ß ß ß -fyd | foa s ys ; ó s ys ;= foa s ls h ó s

i ß i ß i i ß - ß i ß i i i i -ls hq foa s l r ó s l r ñ ka ye fo ó s

fuu m%fõYh;a iu. werfUk fi!kao¾hfha úkaokd;aul bf.kqu cd;sl" ixialD;sl wkkH;dyd úúO iïm%odhhka iam¾Y lrñka úYaj Ñka;khla lrd orejdf.a ±kqu" yelshd yd wdl,am mq¿,alr.ekSug yels jk mßÈ úIh lreKq fuys § wOHdmksl yd ufkda úoHd;aul mokñka hq;= jl%ñl j fm< .iajd we;'

xi

tys § kdhl;ajh" iyNd.s;ajh" bÈßm;a ùu" iqyo;ajh" iduQysl;ajh" we.ehSu" ijka§u"ms<s.ekSu" fnodyod .ekSu" wkHhkag .re lsÍu wd§ wdl,am iEu isiqjl= ;=< u j¾Okhg wjia:djie,fik mßÈ wm úiska fhdað; ls%hdldrlï ;jÿrg;a ixj¾Okh lrñka bf.kqï b.ekaùïmßirh ilid .ekSug .=rejrhd jYfhka Tng o bvlv we;'

;jo ffoksl Ôú;fha § uqyqK fok úúO .eg¨j,g id¾:l j uqyqK § ;¾ldkql+, j ydks¾udKd;aul j Ñka;kh fufyhjd tajd úi|d.ekSug wjYH mqoa., YlH;d j¾Okh lsÍug o wmúiska j;auka mrmqrg odhl;ajh iemhsh hq;= j we;'

tneúka .=re Nj;=ka f,i Tn fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh fmrg jvd fyd¢ka mßYS,khlrkafka kï Tnf.a o Ñ;a;khg w¨;a wdf,dalhla yd m%fndaOhla ,efnkq we;' ta wdf,dal lsrKcd;sfha ore le, u; m;s; j Tjqka o buy;a m%fndaOfhka fuu úIhh bf.kSug fhduq jkq fkdwkqudk h'

tfia u ldhsl yd udkisl iunr;dfjka fyì fi!LH iïmkak fuka u kSfrda.S Èúfmj;la.; lsÍug wjYH mqoa., YlH;d ixj¾Okh lsÍu yd hym;a wka;¾ mqoa., iïnkaO;d f.dvkxjd.ksñka cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r ;,fha fkdie,S lghq;= lsÍug úpdrYS,S ukilska fyì mqoa.,hl=ìys lsÍug j.ùu fi!kao¾h wOHdmk úIh Ndr j lghq;= lrk Tn wm ieuf.a j.lSu fõ'

ta i|yd 2015 jif¾ isg 6 fY%aKsfhka werö l%shd;aul jk fuu kj m%;sixialrKh orejkayryd wms ieu kjuq f,djlg msúiSfï jeo.;a wjia:djla f,i olsñka wêIaGdkfhka jvd;aM,odhs fiajdjla ie,iSug lem fjuq'

wOHlaI ^fi!kao¾h&cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

xii

cd;sl wOHdmk moaO;sh i|yd wruqKq

cd;sl wruqKq

ffoksl cSú;h iudchg wod< jk m%Odk cd;sl wruqKq lrd <Õdùu i|yd mqoa.,hkag iylKavdhïj,g cd;sl wOHdmk moaO;sh iydh úh hq;= h' jir .Kkdjla uq¿,af,a YS% ,xldfõm%Odk wOHdmk jd¾;d iy f,aLk u.ska mqoa., yd cd;sl wjYH;djka imqrd,Su i|yd wruqKq kshulrkq ,eî h' iuld,Sk wOHdmk jHQyhka yd ls%hdj,Ska ;=< ±lsh yels ÿ¾j,;d ksid OrKSh udkjixj¾Ok ixl,am rduqj we;=<; wOHdmkh ;=<ska <Õd lr.; hq;= my; ±lafjk wruqKq cd;slwOHdmk fldñIka iNdj úiska y÷kdf.k we;' fuu wruqKq imqrd .ekSu wOHdmk moaO;sh i|ydjQ ;u bÈß ±lau f,ig cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj úiska m%;HlaI fldg f.k we;'

1' udkj wNsudkhg .re lsÍfï ixla,mh u; msysgd YS% ,dxlsl nyqúO iudcfha ixialD;slúúO;ajh wjfndaO lr .ksñka" cd;sl taldnoaO;dj" cd;sl iDcq .=Kh" cd;sl iu.sh" tluq;=luy iduh m%j¾Okh lsÍu ;=<ska cd;sh f.dvke.Su iy ,dxflah wkkH;dj ;yjqre lsÍu'

2' fjkia jk f,dalhl wNsfhda.hkg m%;spdr olajk w;r cd;sl Wreufha udye.s odhdohkay÷kd.ekSu iy ixrlaIKh lsÍu'

3' udkj whs;sjdislïj,g .re lsÍu" hq;=lï yd j.lSï ms<sn| ±kqj;a ùu" yDohx.u ne£ulska hq;=j tlsfkld flfrys ie,ls,su;a ùu hk .=Kdx. j¾Okh lsÍug bjy,a jk iudc idOdrK;ajiïu;hka iy m%cd;dka;s%l Ôjk rgdjla .eí jQ mßirhla ks¾udKh lsÍu iy mj;ajdf.khdug iydh ùu'

4' mqoa.,hkaf.a udkisl yd YdÍßl iqj iïm; iy udkj w.hkag .re lsÍu u; mokï jQ ;sridrÔjk l%uhla m%j¾Okh lsÍu'

5' iqiudys; jQ iunr fm!reIhla i|yd ks¾udK yelshdj" wdrïNl Yla;sh" úpdrYS,S Ñka;kh"j.lSu yd j.ùu we;=¿ fjk;a Okd;aul wx. ,laIK ixj¾Okh lsÍu'

6' mqoa.,hdf.a iy cd;sfha Ôj .=Kh jeä ÈhqKq flfrk iy YS% ,xldfõ wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh i|ydodhl jk M,odhS ld¾hhka i|yd wOHdmkh ;=<ska udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh lsÍu'

7' iS>%fhka fjkia jk f,dalhla ;=< isÿ jk fjkialï wkqj yev.eiSug yd tajd md,khlr.ekSug mqoa.,hka iQodkï lsÍu iy ixlS¾K yd wkfmalaIs; wjia:djkag id¾:l j uqyqK§fï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu'

8' cd;Hka;r m%cdj w;r f.!rjKSh ia:dkhla ysñ lr.ekSug odhl jk hqla;sh" iudk;ajh iywfkHdakH .re;ajh u; mokï jQ wdl,am yd l=i,;d" fmdaIKh lsÍu'

xiii

uQ,sl ksmqK;d

wOHdmkh ;=<ska j¾Okh flfrk my; ±lafjk uQ,sl ksmqK;d by; i|yka cd;sl wruqKquqÿkam;a lr.ekSug odhl jkq we;'

1' ikaksfõok ksmqK;d (idlaIr;dj" ixLHd ms<sn| ±kqu" rEml Ndú;h iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK m%ùK;ajh hk wkq

ldKav 4la u; ikaksfõok ksmqK;d mokï fõ'

idlaIr;dj ( idjOdk j weyqïlka §u" meyeÈ,s j l:d lsÍu" f;areï .ekSu i|ydlshùu" ksjerÈ j iy ksrjq,a j ,sùu" M,dohS whqßka woyia yqjudrelr.ekSu

ixLHd ms<sn| ±kqu ( NdKav" wjldYh iy ld,h" .Kka lsÍu" .Kkh iy ñkqï i|ydl%udkql+, b,lalï Ndú;h

rEml Ndú;h ( f¾Ld iy wdlD;s Ndú;fhka woyia ms<sìUq lsÍu iy f¾Ld" wdlD;s ydj¾K .<mñka úia;r" Wmfoia yd woyia m%ldYkh yd jd¾;d lsÍu'

f;dr;=re ;dlaIK m%ùK;ajh ( mß.Kl ±kqu iy bf.kSfï § o" fiajd mßY%hka ;=< § o"fm!oa.,sl Ôú;fha § o f;dr;=re iy ikaksfõok ;dlaIKhWmfhda.S lr.ekSu'

2' fm!reI;aj j¾Okhg wod< ksmqK;d (• ks¾udKYS,S nj" wmidÍ Ñka;kh" wdrïNl Yla;sh" ;SrK .ekSu" .eg¨ ksrdlrKh lsÍu"

úpdrYS,S yd ú.%yd;aul Ñka;kh" lKavdhï yeÕSfuka lghq;= lsÍu" mqoa.,dka;r in|;d"kj fidhd.ekSï iy .fõIKh jeks j¾.Sh l=i,;d

• iDcq .=Kh" bjid ord isàfï Yla;sh iy udkj wNsudkhg .re lsÍu jeks w.hka• Ñ;a;fõ.S nqoaêh

3' mßirhg wod< ksmqK;d (fuu ksmqK;d idudðl" ffcj iy fN!;sl mßirhkag wod< fõ'

iudc mßirh ( cd;sl Wreuhka ms<sn| wjfndaOh" nyqjd¾.sl iudchl idudðlhkaùu yd iïnkaO ixfõ§;dj yd l=i,;d" idOdrK hqla;sh ms<sn|yeÕSu" iudc iïnkaO;d" mqoa.,sl p¾hdj" idudkH yd ffk;sliïm%odhka" whs;sjdislï" j.lSï" hq;=lï iy ne£ï'

ffcj mßirh ( iÔù f,dalh" ck;dj iy ffcj moaO;sh" .ia je,a" jkdka;r" uqyqÿ"c,h" jd;h iy Ôj - Ydl" i;a;aj yd ñksia Ôú;hg iïnkaO jQwjfndaOh" ixfõ§ nj yd l=i,;d

fN!;sl mßirh ( wjldYh" Yla;sh" bkaOk" øjH" NdKav iy ñksia Ôú;hg tajdfhawe;s iïnkaO;d" wdydr" we÷ï" ksjdi" fi!LH" iem myiqj" Yajikh"kskao" ksial,xlh" úfõlh" wmøjH iy u< neyer lsÍu hkdÈh ydiïnkaO jQ wjfndaOh" ixfõ§;dj yd l=i,;dj b.ekSu" jev lsÍuiy Ôj;aùu i|yd fuj,ï yd ;dlaIKh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï l=i,;dfuys wvx.= fõ'

xiv

4' jev f,dalhg iQodkï ùfï ksmqK;d (wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg odhl ùu' ;u jD;a;Sh ,eÈhd iy wNsfhda.H;d y÷kd.ekSu' yelshdjkag

iß,k whqßka /lshdjla f;dard .ekSu iy jdisodhl yd ;sridr Ôjfkdamdhl ksr; ùu hkyelshdjka Wmß u lsÍug yd Odß;dj jeä lsÍug wod< fiajd kshqla;sh yd iïnkaO l=i,;d'

5' wd.u iy wdpdr O¾uhkag wod< ksmqK;d (mqoa.,hkag ;u ffoksl Ôú;fha § wdpdr O¾u" iodpdrd;aul yd wd.udkql+, j yeisÍï

rgdjkag wkq.; fjñka jvd;a WÑ; foa f;dard thg iß,k fia lghq;= lsÍu i|yd w.hka Wlyd.ekSu yd iaùhlrKh'

6' lS%vdj yd úfõlh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï ksmqK;d (fi!kao¾hh" idys;Hh" fi,a,ï lsÍu" lS%vd yd u,, lS%vd" úfkdaodxY yd fjk;a ks¾udKd;aul

Ôjk rgdjka ;=<ska m%ldY jk úfkdaoh" i;=g" wdfõ. iy tjka udkqIsl w;a±lSï'

7' bf.kSug bf.kqï ms<sn| ksmqK;d (iS>%fhka fjkia jk" ixlS¾K yd tlsfkld u; hefmk f,dalhl mßj¾;k ls%hdj,shla

yryd fjkiaùï yiqrejd .ekSfï § yd Bg ixfõ§ j yd id¾:l j m%;spdr ±laùu;a iajdëk jb.ekaùu;a i|yd mqoa.,hkag Yla;sh ,nd §u'

^by; cd;sl wruqKq yd uq,sl ksmqK;d YS% ,xldfõ idudkH wOHdmkh ms<sn| m%;sm;a;srduqjla i|yd fhdackd we;=<;a cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdfõ 2003 foieïn¾ jd¾;dfjka Wmqgd.eksK'&

xv

k¾;k úIhfha wruqKq

• mßir ksÍlaIKfhka ,nk w;a±lSï weiqre lr.ksñka Wiia ksudjlska hq;a l,d lD;s ìyslsÍu fuka u Ôú;fha § uqyqKmdk úúO .eg¨ ks¾udKYS,S j úi|d .ekSu i|yd wjYHÑka;kh yd ks¾udK l=i,;d m%j¾Okh lsÍu'

• k¾;k úIh yd ne¢ ls%hdldrlï u.ska wkd.; jev f,dalhg uqyqK Èh yels ls%hdldß;ajhfuka u iudcfhys Wiia Ôjk ;;a;ajhla f.dv kÕd.ekSu i|yd wjYH idudÔh ydfm!oa.,sl YlH;d j¾Okh lsÍu'

• ikaksfõok udOH Tiafia m%pdrh lrk jevigyka w;ßka yrj;a yd fhda.H jevigykaf;dard .ekSu i|yd wjYH úpdr Yla;s j¾Okh" ri{;d j¾Okh yd ksjerÈ ;SrK .ekSfïyelshdj ,nd §u'

• foaYSh" úfoaYSh k¾;k yd ine¢ ixialD;sl ,laIK wOHhkh u.ska úúO ixialD;s w.hlsÍu fuka u cd;Hka;r iudcfha § foaYSh wkkH;dj wdrlaId jk mßÈ lghq;= lsÍu i|ydwjYH Wodr yeÕSï" wdl,am ixj¾Okh lsÍu'

• k¾;k úIh yd ne¢ ixialD;sl miqìu yd fiiq ixialD;s i;= yrhka y÷kd.ksñka mqoa.,wNsudkhg .re lrk udkj iïm;a m%j¾Okh lsÍu'

• id¾:l Èú fmfj;la .; lsÍug wjYH ldhsl yd udkisl iqj iïm;a j¾Okh i|yd k¾;kúIh yd ine¢ ls%hdldrlï Ndú;hg .ekSfï yelshdj ixj¾Okh lsÍu'

xvi

ksmqK;dj ksmqK;dj ksmqK;dj ksmqK;dj ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï m, ld,Éfþo

10 fYa%Ksh - k¾;k úIh ks¾foaYh

1'1 m%foaYfha mj;akd jD;a;Ska

f;aud lr.ksñka k¾;k

ks¾udK lrhs'

1'0 mßir ksÍlaIKfhka

,nk w;aoelSï

weiqre lr.ksñka

k¾;k ks¾udK

lrhs'

05

05

• ëjr$ueá$m;,a$f;a$

fldyq$lDIs jeks jD;a;sj,

olakg ,efnk p,k

weiqfrka k¾;k

ks¾udKh ^tla jD;a;shla

weiqfrka&

m%foaYfha mj;akd jD;a;Skay÷kdf.k k¾;kks¾udK bÈßm;a lrhs'

1'2 .eñ kegqï yd ine|s

iqúfYaI ,laIK

y÷kd.ksñka k¾;k

ks¾udK lrhs'

• rnka $pdur kegqu yd

ine|s iqúfYaI ,laIK

y÷kd.ksñka k¾;k

ks¾udKh

1'3 Ndj m%ldY jk mßÈ

pß; ksrEmKh lrhs

• Ndj m%ldYkh- úiauh

isoaêhla weiqfrka

úiauh kue;s ia:dhs Ndjfha iqúfYaI;dwOHhkh lr ta i|ydisoaêhla f.dvk`.ñkak¾;k wx.hla m%o¾Ykhlrhs'

rnka$pdur k¾;kwx.hkays iqúfYaI,laIK y÷kd.ksñkaiuQyhla f,i k¾;kwx.hla ks¾udKh lrhs'

03

xvii


04

2'0 k¾;k yd ine|s

uQ,O¾u wkq.ukh

lrñka m%dfhda.sl

l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh

lrhs'


2'1 idïm%odhsl k¾;kh yd

ine¢ yia; mdo yeisrùfï

úêl%u wkq.ukh lrñka

uQ,sl irU bÈßm;a lrhs'

· f.dv irU$ b,x.ïirU$ fodôk mo 1-12olajd lia;srï$brÜá$yudr mo iu.ska

· ú,ïN" uOH yd oD;

,hg wkqj

idïm%odhslk¾;khkaj, irU ,h;=kg k¾;kh lr" tyswjika lsrSfï mobosßm;a lrhs'

2'2 idïm%odhsl p,k Ndú;

lrñka w,xldr mo ks¾udKh lrhs'

· iq¿ uy ^ud;%d 2 + 4&fo;s;g wod< ^fnr moweiqßka& w,xldr mo^ud;%d &02 la

wod< fnr moj,g wkqj w,xldr mo folla ks¾udKh lrhs'

2'3 ksjerÈ wx.ydr

wkq.ukh lrñka

idïm%odhsl k¾;k wx.

m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

· Wvrg -isxyrdc jkaku"

iejq,d jkaku

iïmQ¾Kfhka

- my;rg wkqrd.oKav

;d,h" kd;s,sxÑ ;d,h

brÜáh iu.

- inr.uq úrdä" uKavql

jkaku iïmQ¾Kfhka

ksjerÈ wx.ydr iy.dhk iys; yd rys;idïm%odhsl k¾;k wx.bÈßm;a lrhs'

04

03

xviii


03


• fodxðx; .;fodx;

jÜgu wdrïNl moh

iu. ud;%d folla$

• .=| .;s .; jÜgug

wh;a ud;%d follaa

• .uka ud;%h

^lia;sru" wvõj$

wka;däh" brÜáh$

l,diu" wvõj iu.ska&

;=ka ;sf;a m%fNaoy÷kd.ksñka úêl%uwkqj .dhkh iys; ydrys; k¾;k wx.hkayslú mo yd fnr mom%ia:dr lrhs'

k¾;kh yd ine¢ i;rwNskhg wh;a wx.hkaysiqúfYaI;d wOHhkh lrwoyia olajhs'

03

02

2'4 m%ia;drlrKfha úê

l%u wkq.ukh lrhs'

2'5 k¾;k l,dj yd

ine¢ m%ldYk úê l%u

wOHhkh lrñka

woyia olajhs'

• ;=ka;sf;a m%fNao

y÷kd.ekSu

• jkakï" jÜgï" rnka "pdur

lú m%ia;dr

• wdx.sl" jdÑl" id;aúl yd

wdyd¾h wNskh

xix



3'0 idïm%odhsl jdoH NdKav

yd úl,am jdoH WmlrK

y÷kd.ksñka jdok

l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

4'0 YS% ,dxflah ixialD;sh yd

ine|s .dhkj, miqìu

wOHhkh lrñka .dhk


3'1 ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%u

wkq.ukh lrñka fnr

jdokh lrhs'

3'2 ikaksfõok ld¾h i|yd

jdoH NdKav Ndú; l<

wjia:d úia;r lrhs'

4'1 ks¾foaYs; .dhk yd

ine|s ixialD;sl miqìu

úia;r lrhs'

4'2 kshñ; kdoud,d

wkq.ukh lrñka ck

.dhk bÈßm;a lrhs'

• pdur" rnka " TxÑ,s jdrï"

àld iS mo" jkakï "

kuialdr .d:d yd ne¢

ixialD;sl miqìu

• pdur" rnka " TxÑ,s jdrï

kuialdr .d:d" àld iS mo

yd jkakï

• 1 -2 wod< fnr irU iq¿"

ueÿï ^ud;%d 2 + 3& fo;s;g

wh;a fnr mo

• wKfnr " rKfnr " u<

fnr" jo fnr yd fyaúis

jdokh

fnr jdokh yd ne¢Ys,amSh l%u y÷kd f.kwe;' fo;sf;a ;d,hgfnr $ojq,a mo jdokhlrhs'

ikaksfõok ld¾hhi|yd jdoH NdKav Ndú;l< whqre úuiñkatajdfha iqúfYaI;dwOHhkh lr f;dr;=rebÈßm;a lrhs'

foaYSh ck .dhkhkaysiqúfYaI;d wOHhkh lrtys ixialD;sl ydiudchSh jákdlïúia;r lrhs'

wd>d;d;aul ydwkd>d;d;aul .dhkhkays kshñ; kdo ud,dwkq.ukh lrñka.dhkh lrhs'

03

02

06

06

xx

• úfoaYslhskaf.a ft;sydisl

jd¾;d

• uyd jxifha idOl

• k¾;kfha m%j¾Okhg ldka;d odhl;ajh - wdpd¾h jðrd Ñ;%fiak ñh - k¾;k Ys,amskS ñ/kavd

fyau,;d ñh

• fidlß kdglh

l:d mqj;" pdrs;%

.dhk" jdok" k¾;kh

yd rx.jia;%dNrK

fldfydUd hla lxldßh"

fofjd,a uvqj" myka uvqj

Ydka;sl¾uj, l;dmqj;"

k¾;k" .dhk" jdok" rx.

jia;%dNrK ieris,s yd rx.

NdKavj, iqúfYaI ,laIK



02

02

02

04

5'0 YS% ,dxflah k¾;k

iïm%odhka yd ine¢

ft;sydisl yd ixialD;sl

miqìu wOHhkh lrñka

cd;sl Wreu /l.ekSu

i|yd l%shd lrhs'


l,dj yd ine¢

ft;sydisl miqìu ú.%y

lrhs'


l,dfõ m%j¾Okhg odhl

jQjka w.hñka f;dr;=re

bÈßm;a lrhs'

5'3 YS% ,dxflah .eñ kdgl yd

ine¢ miqìu wOHhkh

lr iqúfYaI ,laIK

bÈßm;a lrhs'


iïm%odhka yd ine¢

Ydka;sl¾uj, iqúfYaI

,laIK ;=,kd;aul j

olajhs'

YS% ,dxflah k¾;kl,dj yd ine¢ft;sydisl miqìu ú.%ylrhs'

YS% ,dxflah k¾;kl,dfõ m%j¾Okhgldka;d odhl;ajhw.hñka f;dr;=re bÈßm;alrhs'

fidlß .eñ kdglfhal:d mqj;" pdß;%" .dhk"jdok" k¾;k yd rx.jia;%dNrKj, iqúfYaI,laIK úia;r lrhs'

YS% ,dxflah Ydka;sl¾uj,iqúfYaI ,laIK;=,kd;aul j ú.%y lrhs'

xxi



04

04

02

6'0 ri{;d j¾Okh i|yd

úúO l,dx.j,

iqúfYaI ,laIK

úpdrhg ,la-

lrhs'

6'1 YS% ,dxflah uqødkdgH

l,dfõ miqìu ms<sn|

f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrh‘'

6'2 YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgHh

krUd úpdrhg ,la

lrhs'

6'3 fjk;a ixialD;shlg

wh;a k¾;k iïm%odh

wOHhkh lrñka

f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'

• YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgH

l,dj ms<sn| f;dr;=re -

yeÈkaùu - wdrïNh yd

úldYkh ^1930 - 1960

oYlh

• lrÈh $l+ô l;dj uqød

kdgH f;audj " pß; "

rx.jia;%dNrK " k¾;kh "

ix.S;h yd miq;, ks¾udK

• l:l,s k¾;k iïm%odh

jpkd¾:h" m%p,s; m%foaY"

k¾;kh" ix.S;h" jdoH

NdKav " rx.jia;%dNrK yd

wx. rpkh

YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgHl,dj yd ne¢f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'

YS% ,dxflah uqødkdgHhl iqúfYaI,laIK wOHhkh lrtys jákdlï w.hlrhs'

l:l,s k¾;k iïm%odhyd ne¢ f;dr;=rewOHhkh lr tysiqúfYaI;d úia;r lrhs'

xxii

04

05

03

02

02

85

7'0 w;aoelSï weiqre

lr.ksñka úúO

l,dx. ks¾udKh lrhs'

8'0 k¾;k l,dfjka

,efnk udkisl yd

YdÍßl iajia:;dj

id¾:l Èú fmfj;la

.;lsÍug bjy,a lr

.kshs'



• fuu .sïydk ''''' $

yksl jfrõ fld,a,fka'''''

.S;hg k¾;k

ks¾udKhla

• i;a;aj pß; " ñksia pß;

• rx.jia;%dNrK wdlD;shla

ks¾udKh

• iunr fm!reI j¾Okh

- ksjerÈ j ;SrK .ekSu

-ks¾udKYS,S j lghq;= lsÍu

- úfúlh ksis whqßka .;

lsrSu

- YdÍrsl kSfrda.s Ndjh

• k¾;k l%shdldrlï-

k¾;k " .dhk" jdok

wx.j, ksr; ùu

.S;hl miqìu wOHhkhlr .S; wkqj k¾;kks¾udK bÈßm;a lrhs'

i;a;aj yd ñksia pß;j,iajNdjh m%o¾Ykh jkmßÈ isoaêhlg wkqjk¾;k ks¾udKh lrhs'

rx. jia;%dNrKks¾udKh lsÍfï yqrej,nhs'

k¾;k l,dfjka,efnk udkisliajia:;dj mj;ajd.ekSfï jeo.;aluwOHhkh lrhs'

YdÍßl iajia:;djmj;ajd .ekSug l%shdldÍj lghq;= lrhs'

7'1 kdgH .S;hlg k¾;k

ks¾udKh lrhs'

7'2 pß; iajNdjh m%o¾Ykh

jk mßÈ wx. rpkh lrhss'


iïm%odh yd ine¢

rx.jia;%dNrK wdlD;shla

ks¾udKh lrhs'

8'1 udkisl ijia:;dj

mj;ajd .ekSfï jeo.;alu

úia;r lrhs'

8'2 udkisl iajia:;dj

mj;ajd .ekSug k¾;k

l%shdldrlï bjy,a jk whqre

úuihs'

xxiii

I jdrh

ls%hdldrlï wxl ld,ÉfÊo

2'3'1 jkakï k¾;kh lruq' 02

4'1'1 ks¾ÈIag cklú .dhkdj, miqìu úia;r lruq' 06

4'2'2 rnka yd jkakï lú .hñka i;=gq fjuq' 02

1'2'1 rnka$pdur kegqula ks¾udKh lruq' 05

2'1'1 irU olajñka l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh lruq' 04

3'1'1 fnr jdokhg oE; yqrelr .ksuq' 03

5'1'1 k¾;k l,dfõ fM;sydisl f;dr;=re úuiuq' 02

2'2'1 w,xldr mo f.dv k.uq' 03

27

II jdrh


2'3'1 jkakï k¾;kh lruq' 02

2'4'1 fnr mo yd lú m%ia;dr lruq' 03

1'1'1 Ôjk jD;a;shla k¾;k ks¾udKfhka Tmj;a lruq' 05

5'3'1 fidlß .eñ kdglh ms<sn| ;;= úuid n,uq' 02

6'2'1 l,d lD;shl ri ñysr mjiuq' ^lrÈh$l+ôl;dj& 04

7'2'1 fõÈld k¾;khlg WÑ; wx. rpkhla f.dv k.uq' 03

7'1'1 fõÈld kdgH .Shg k¾;k ks¾udKh lruq' 04

4'2'1 TkaÑ,s jdrï yd pdur lú .huq' 02

3'2'1 ikaksfõok ld¾hh i|yd jdoH NdKav fhdod .ekSu ms<sn| f;dr;=re W.ksuq' 02

8'1'1 k¾;kfhka uki iqjm;a lr .ksuq' 02

29

III jdrh


2'3'2 iïm%odh /l.ksñka k¾;kfha fhfouq' 03

2'5'1 i;r wNskh 02

5'2'1 k¾;kfha m%j¾Okhg odhl jQjka w.huq' 02

1'3'1 úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjh ksrEmKh lruq' 03

4'2'3 kuialdr .d:d yd àld iSmo .huq' 02

5'4'1 fldfydUd hla lxldßh" fofjd,a uvqj yd myka uvqj Ydka;sl¾u ms<sn|

f;dr;=re ;=,kd;aul j bÈßm;a lruq' 04

7'2'2 i;a;aj pß; i|yd ir, wx.rpkhla lruq' 02

6'3'1 l:l,s k¾;kfhys ;;= úuiuq' 02

7'3'1 idïm%odhsl rx. jia;%dNrK lÜg,hl wdlD;shla youq' 03

6'1'1 YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgH l,dfõ m%Njhg n,mE lreKq úuid n,uq' 04

8'2'1 —ksisfia kguq' iqjfia fjfiuq'˜ 02

29

1

10 fYa%Ksh - k¾;kh .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh

bf.kqï - b.ekaùïls%hdj,sh i|yd Wmfoia

2


ksmqK;dj 1'0 ( mßir ksÍlaIKfhka ,nk w;aoelSï weiqre lr.ksñka k¾;k ks¾udK

lrhs.

ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'1 ( m%foaYfha mj;akd jD;a;Ska f;aud lr.ksñka k¾;k ks¾udK lrhs.

l%shdldrlu 1'1'1 ( Ôjk jD;a;shla k¾;k ks¾udKfhka Tmj;a lruq.

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 05

bf.kqï m, 1'1'2 ( • m%foaYfha mj;akd Ôjk jD;a;Ska kï lrhs.

• wod< jD;a;sfha l%shdldrlï fm< .iajhs.

• f;dard.;a jD;a;sfha tk l%shdldrlïj, iqúfYAI ,laIK ms<snò

woyia olajhs.

• úúO wjia:djkag WÑ; p,k fhdod .ksñka ks¾udK f.dvk.hs.

• f;audjg wod< ksudjla iys; k¾;k wx.hla bÈßm;a lrhs.

• lKavdhï l%shdldrlïys § iduQysl;ajfhka hq;= j lghq;= lrhs.

• bÈßm;a lrk ks¾udK ms<snò úpdrd;aul j woyia olajhs.

• ;u ks¾udK ms<snò j wka wh olajk úpdrhkag .re lrñka

m%;spdr olajhs.

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( jdoH NdKav" weuqKqu wxl 1

ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd

Wmfoia ( weuqKqu wxl 1 ys i|yka lr we;s ls%hd ms<sfj< ;jÿrg;a

ixj¾Okh lr.ekSug wjldYh we;s nj i,lkak'

mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 : • ,xldfõ úúO m%foaYhkays olakg ,efnk ëjr$ueá$m;,a$f;a$

fldyq$lDIs jeks l¾udka; ms<snò idlÉPd lsrSu.

• tla ud;Dldjla f;dardf.k tys iqúfYaI ,laIK yd tu jD;a;sfha

iajNdjh wkqj ls%hdldrlï fm<.iajd tla tla wjia:djkays

m%o¾Ykh jk p,k iajNdjh" rx. rgd ks¾udKh" wjldY

Ndú;h ms<snò idlÉPd lsÍu.

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ( • weuqKqu wxl 1 lKavdhïj,g ,nd § k¾;k ks¾udKh iòyd

fhduq lrùug u. fmkaùu yd isiq ks¾udK M,odhs lr.ekSu

iòyd fnr jdokfhka iydh ùu.

mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3 ( • tla tla lKavdhïj,g ;u ks¾udK bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj

i,id §u.

• tu ks¾udK ms<snò úpdrYS,S woyia yd ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd

idlÉPd lr kj fhdackd yd woyia wkqj k¾;k ks¾udK

fmdaIKh lr.ekSug u. fmkaùu.

3


we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrKh i`oyd Wmfoia (

lKavdhï ls%hdldrlï wNHdi lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd § we.hSu lrkak'

• wod< jD;a;sfha p,k l%shdldrlï fm<.eiajQ igyk bÈßm;a

lrkak'

• lKavdhï k¾;k ks¾udK bÈßm;a lrkak'

weuqKqu wxl 1

1' ëjr l¾udka;h - ÈhUg Trej /f.k hEu, oe,a t,Su, oe,a we§u, ud¿ /ia lsÍu, ud¿ j¾.

lsÍu, wf,úh yd i;=gq ùu.

2' ueá l¾udka;h - ueá lemSu, ueá mE.Su, ilfmdarefõ j<x iEÈu, j<x ;e,Su, fmdarKqjg

j<x oeñu, úúO NdKav ksIamdokh, wf,úh yd i;=gq ùu'

3' m;,a l¾udka;h - m;,g hdu, m;, leKsu, b,a,ï .eÍu, ueKsla fjka lsÍu, úúO wdNrK

ksIamdokh, wf,úh yd i;=gq ùu.

4' f;a l¾udka;h - me, isgqùu" .ia lmamdÿ lsÍu" o¿ fk,Su" o¿ fõ,Su" l=vqlr .ekSu"

wf,úh yd i;=gq ùu'

5' fldyq l¾udka;h - fmd,a f,,s tl;= lr Èhg oeóu, fmd,a f,,s ;e,Su, fmd,a fldyq fjka

lsÍu, ,Kq weUÍu, j¾K .ekaùu, úúO NdKav ksIamdokh w,úh yd

i;=gq ùu.

6' lDIs l¾udka;h - ìu ilia lsÍu, me< isgqùu, me< kv;a;=j, wiajkq fk,Su, wiajkq

.nvd lsÍu, wf,úh yd i;=gq ùu.

4


ksmqK;dj 1'0 ( mßir ksÍlaIKfhka ,nk w;aoelSï weiqre lr.ksñka k¾;k

ks¾udK lrhs.

ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'2 ( .eñ kegqï yd ine`È úfYaI ,laIK y÷kd.ksñka k¾;k ks¾udKh

lrhs.

l%shdldrlu 1'2'1 ( rnka$pdur kegqula ks¾udKh lruq .


bf.kqï m, 1'2'2 ( • rnka$pdur kegqfï iqúfYaI ,laIK y÷kajhs.

• rnka$pdur k¾;khg WÑ; p,k ks¾udKh lrhs.

• rx. WmlrK ksjerÈ j yiqrejñka k¾;k bÈßm;a lrhs.

• iduQysl;ajfhka hq;= j ksudjla iys; rnka$pdur k¾;k wx.hla

m%o¾Ykh lrhs.

• rnka$pdur k¾;k ks¾udK ms<snò úpdrd;aul j woyia bÈßm;a

lrhs.

• ;u ks¾udK ms<snò j wkHhka olajk úpdrhkag ijka § Bg

m%;spdr olajhs.

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( fnrh, ;d,ïmg, w;a rnka$pdur

ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia (

mshjr 1 ( • W.;a rnka$pdur lúhla .dhkd lsÍug isiqkag

wjia:dj ,nd § rnka$pdur kegqfï iqúfYaI ,laIK idlÉPd

lsÍu.

• rnka$pdur yiqre jk wdldrh m%o¾Ykh lr rnka$pdur ksis

f,i yeisrùug u. fmkaùu'

mshjr 2 mshjr 2 mshjr 2 mshjr 2 mshjr 2 ( • isiqka ixLHdj wkqj lKavdhï lr rnka$pdur k¾;k

ks¾udKhg wjia:dj ,nd oSu'

• fnr jdokhg wkqj k¾;k wNHdi lsÍug fhduq lrùu'

mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3 ((((( • lKavdhï jYfhka isiq ks¾udK bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd

§ k¾;k ks¾udKj, .dhkh, p,kj, WÑ; nj, WmlrK

yeisrùu, wjldY Ndú;h, iduQysl nj ks¾udKd;aul nj,

iuia; ksudj ms<snò úpdrd;aul j woyia bÈßm;a lsÍug

wjia:dj ,nd § ta ms<snò idlÉPd lsÍu'


fnr jdokhg wkqj wNHdi lsÍug wjia:d ,nd oS bka miq j we.hSu

lrkak'

• rnka$pdur k¾;kh oelsh yels wjia:d kï lrkak.

• rnka$pdur kegqfï iqúfYaI ,laIK y÷kajkak.

• rnka$pdur k¾;khg WÑ; p,k ks¾udKh lrkak.

• ks¾udKh lrk ,o k¾;k wx. bÈßm;a lrkak.

5


ksmqK;dj 1'0 ( mßir ksÍlaIKfhka ,nk w;aoelSï weiqre lr.ksñka k¾;k

ks¾udKh lrhs

ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'3 ( Ndj m%ldY jk mßÈ pß; ksrEmKh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 1'3'1 ( úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjh ksrEmKh lruq'


bf.kqï m, 1'3'2 ( • úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjh m%ldY l< hq;= wdldrh ms<snò woyia

olajhs.

• úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjh m%ldY lsÍug iqÿiq isoaêhla f.dvk.hs.

• úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjh m%ldY lsÍug WÑ; p,k ks¾udKh

lrhs.

• tu p,k Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka pß; ksrEmKh lrhs.

• Ndj m%ldYkh ;=<ska pß; iajNdjh ;Sj% lr olajhs.

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( mska;+r$DVD

ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia ( iqÿiq m%fõYhla Ndú; lrñka úiauh kue;s ia:dhSNdjh

m%o¾Ykh lsÍu.

mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ( • úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjh m%o¾Ykh lsÍfï § Ndú; jk wx.,

m%;Hx., Wmdx. ms<sn| idlÉPd lsÍu' Wmdx. Ndú; lrñka

bÈßm;a lrk p,k Ndj m%ldYk ;Sj% lsÍug m%n, j

n,mdk nj idlÉPd lsÍu.

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ( • úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjh ksrEmKh lsÍug iqÿiq isoaêhla

ks¾udKh lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd §u' tla tla isiqjd úiska

igyka lrk ,o ks¾udKd;aul isoaê w;ßka lsysmhla f;dard

f.k ta ms<snò úpdrd;aul j idlÉPd lsÍu'

mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3 ((((( • tla isoaêhla f;dard f.k úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjh ks¾udKh

lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd oSu'

mshjr 4mshjr 4mshjr 4mshjr 4mshjr 4 ((((( • isiq ks¾udK bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd § bÈßm;a l< ks¾udK

ms<snò úpdrd;aul woyia yd fhdackd bÈßm;a lr ta ms<sn|

iudf,dapkh lsÍu'

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh iòyd Wmfoia (

• úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjfhka WmÈk rih kï lrkak.

• úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjh bÈßm;a l< yels flá isoaêhla

ks¾udKh lrkak.

• úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjh m%o¾Ykh lrkak.

6


ksmqK;dj 2'0 ( k¾;kh yd ineòs uQ,O¾u wkq.ukh lrñka m%dfhda.sl l=i,;d

m%o¾Ykh lrhs.

ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'1 ( idïm%odhsl k¾;kh yd ine¢ yia;-mdo yeisrùfï úêl%u wkq.ukh

lrñka uQ,sl irU bÈßm;a lrhs.

l%shdldrlu 2'1'1 ( irU olajñka l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh lruq.

ld,ÉfÊo ixLHdj ( 04

bf.kqï m, 2'1'2 ( • ;%súO ,h wkqj kshñ; f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo

;d, ;nñka lshhs.

• wod< lia;srï$brÜá ;d, ;nd lshhs.

• wod< f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo yd lia;srï$brÜá

;%súO ,h yd fnr jdokhg wkqj bÈßm;a lrhs

• k¾;k m%dfhd a. sl l% shdldrlïj, m%ùK;ajh ,eîug

i;;dNHdifha jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs.

• ksjerÈ úêl%u wkq.ukh lrñka f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU

fodôk moj,g wod< lia;srï$brÜá yd yudr moh m%o¾Ykh

lrhs.

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( ;d,ïmg, fnrh, weuqKqu wxl 1

ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia ( m%dfhda.sl ls%hdldrlfuys YsIHidOk uÜgu mss<sn|

wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ((((( • 6-9 fY%aKsj, § bf.k.kakd ,o f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU fodôk

mo yd wod< lia;srï$brÜá iuQy l%shdldrlula f,i ú,ïN

yd uOH ,hg fnr jdokhg wkqj k¾;kh lsÍug ie,eiaùu.

• isiq k¾;kh ksÍlaIKh lr f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk

mo yd wod< lia;srï$brÜá yd yudr moh k¾;kfha § ksjerÈ

wx.ydr yd fnr jdokhg wkqj ,h m%.=K lsÍu ms<snò flá

idlÉPdjla fufyhùu.

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ( • 10,11, iy 12 f.dv irUh$b,x.ï irUh$fodôk moh ,shk

,o weuqKqu m%o¾Ykh lsÍu yd tu irU mo ú,ïN uOH øe;

,hg wkqj ;d, ;nd lSug isiqka fhduq lrùu.

• irU moj,g wod< lia;srï$brÜá ;d, ;nd lSug ie,eiaùu.

mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3 • 10 jk f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo isiqka úiska ;d,

;nñka lshk úg .=rejrhd úiska ksjerÈ úêl%u wkq.ukh

lrñka k¾;kfha fh§u yd isiqka ksÍlaIKfha fhoùu.

• mshjfrka mshjr k¾;kh lrñka isiqka k¾;khg fhduq lrùu.

• lia;sru$brÜáh mshjfrka mshjr k¾;kh lrùu.

7


• isiqka k¾;kfha fhfok úg .=rejrhd jdokfhka iydh ùu.

• 11 iy 12 f.dvirU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo yd wod<

lia;srï$brÜá yd yudr moh by; wdldrhg wNHdi lrùu.

• 10,11,12 f.dvirU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo yd wod< lia;srï$

brÜá igyka lr.ekSug wjia:dj ,nd §u.

• 10,12 olajd f.dvirU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo ;%súO ,hgwkqj k¾;kh lsÍug yd wod< lia;srï$brÜá wNHdi lsÍugwjia:dj ,nd§u.

• mka;sfha ish¨ u isiqkag l%shdldrlu bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj,nd§u.

• isiqka k¾;kfha fhfok úg .=rejrhd jdokfhka iydh ùulKavdhï jYfhka fyda tal, jYfhka i;;dNHdifha fh§ugWmfoia §u.


• 10,11,12 f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo ;d, ;nd lshkak.

• 10,11,12 f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo ;%súO ,h yd fnrjdokhg wkqj bÈßm;a lrkak.

• lia;srï$brÜá fnr jdokhg wkqj bÈßm;a lrkak

• 10,11,12 f.dvirU$b,x.ï irU$odôk mo ksjerÈ úê l%uwkq.ukh lrñka m%o¾Ykh lrkak.

• i;;dNHdifha jeo.;alu ms<snò woyia olajkak.

weuqKqu 1

Wvrg k¾;k iïm%odh - f.dv irUWvrg k¾;k iïm%odh - f.dv irUWvrg k¾;k iïm%odh - f.dv irUWvrg k¾;k iïm%odh - f.dv irUWvrg k¾;k iïm%odh - f.dv irU

10 - nUr irUhmoh - fodñ lsg $$$ lsg fodïlia;sru - ;lg ;lg ;l ;ßlsg l=kao;a ;d - ;l ð ð l=ò $$

;lg ;lg ;l ;ßlsg l=kao;a $$;lg ;lg ;l ;ßlsg l=kao;a ;d.

11 - mekSï irUhmoh - fodñlsg lsg fodïlia;sru - ;lalv lv;l ðð l=ò - ðlalv lv;l ðð l=ò

f;dxlv lv;l ðð l=ò - kxlv lv;l ðð l=ò;lalv lv;l ðlalv lv;lf;dxlv lv;l kxlv lv;l;lalv ðlalv f;dxlv kxlv;;a ð;a f;dx kx ;d.

12 - pkaøsld irUhmoh - fodñ lsg $$$ lsg fodïlia;sru - ;;a ;;a ;lalv lv;l ð;a ð;a ðlalv lv;l

f;dx f;dx f;dxlv lv;l kx kx kxlv lv;l;;a ;lalv lv;l ð;a ðlalv lv;lf;dx f;dxlv lv;l kx kxlv lv;l;lalv lv;l ðlalv lv;lf;dxlv lv;l kxlv lv;l;lalv ðlalv f;dxlv kxlv;;að;a ;lð;a ;;að;a f;dkakx ;d.

8


my;rg k¾;k iïm%odh - b,x.ï irUmy;rg k¾;k iïm%odh - b,x.ï irUmy;rg k¾;k iïm%odh - b,x.ï irUmy;rg k¾;k iïm%odh - b,x.ï irUmy;rg k¾;k iïm%odh - b,x.ï irU

10 - moh - .=ys;s .Èßlsg .=ò .=ò .=ï os;a ;d.ys;s .Èßlsg .; .; .;a È;a ;d

brÜáh - .=ys;s .Èßlsg .=ò .=ò .=¢; .=¢;a ;;a $$.=ys;s .Èßlsg .=ò .;a $$$fodï È;a ;d

11 - moh - ¾ '''' ßï oeysx fr.È; .; .=ò .;a;ï

brÜáh - ßï .; .=ò .;a ;ï ßï .; .=ò .;a ;ï.;a oeysx .=x oeysx .=¢; .=|ï.È; .=|ï fodï; .;x .;.=È;l fo.=|l ±ysx

12 - moh - .=¢; .=ï ±ysx ^È;.;& .È;l= fodï¾ '''''' ßï.; .È.; .;a; .È; .;a.=¢;l È.=ol= fodï

brÜáh - .=¢; .È; .; .;a ±ysx .=x ±ysx

fodx;l= fodx;l= fodx

;ßlsg ;;a Èßlsg ;;a .=¢; .;;a fodx

.È; .;;a fodx fodx; .È; .;

.=È;l È`.=|l= fodx

inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odh - fodôk moinr.uq k¾;k iïm%odh - fodôk moinr.uq k¾;k iïm%odh - fodôk moinr.uq k¾;k iïm%odh - fodôk moinr.uq k¾;k iïm%odh - fodôk mo

10 - moh - ls;a ;d ls;a ;d fcÊ fcÊ;d;;alv ;ßlsg$$ fcÊ fcx ;d-

11 - moh - ;ßlsg Èßlsg Èßlsg ;ßlsg

12 - moh - ;ßlsg Èßlsg Èßlsg ;ßlsgosßl=x ;ßl=x ;ßlsg osßlsg

yudr moh - f;hd $$$$$f;hsh;a ;dï f;ahs ;dï

9


ksmqK;dj 2'0 ( k¾;k yd ine`È uQ,O¾u wkq.ukh lrñka m%dfhda.sl l=i,;d

m%o¾Ykh lrhs .

ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'2 ( idïm%odhsl p,k Ndú; lrñka w,xldr mo ûd;%d& ks¾udKh lrhs.

l%shdldrlu 2'2'1 ( w,xldr mo f.dv k.uq.


bf.kqï m, 2'2'2 ( • w,xldr mo ûd;%d& k¾;kh iòyd iqÿiq p,k ks¾udKh lrhs

• ks¾udKh lr.;a p,k fhdod.ksñka iq¿ uy ̂ud;%d 2+4& fo;s;g

w,xldr mo ûd;%d& ks¾udKh lrhs'

• jdokhg wkqj w,xldr mo ûd;%d& k¾;kfha fhfohs.

• ks¾udKh lrk ,o w,xldr mo ûd;%d& fjk;a k¾;k wjia:d

iòyd Ndú; lrhs.

• f.dvk.k ,o w,xldr mo ûd;%d& ms<snò úpdrd;aul woyia

bÈßm;a lrhs.

• ks¾udKh lrk ,o w,xldr mo ̂ ud;%d& iduQysl j bÈßm;a lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( Wvrg my;rg inr.uq fnr, ;d,ïmg

ls%hdldrlu ie,iqï iòyd Wmfoia(

mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ((((( • iq¿ uy ûd;%d 2+4& fo;s;g wh;a idïm%odhsl k¾;k wx.hla

m%o¾Ykh lsÍu' tys ;d,h yd k¾;kfhys idïm%odhsl p,k

ms<sn| idlÉcd lsÍu'

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ((((( • idïm%odhsl p,k weiqre lr.ksñka iq¿ uy ̂ ud;%d 2+ 4& fo;s;g

wkqj w,xldr mo ûd;%d& ks¾udKh lsÍug isiqka fhduq lrùu'

• ks¾udKh lr.;a w,xldr mo tal, jYfhka fyda l=vd lKavdhï

jYfhka bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd§u.

mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3 ((((( • ks¾udKh lrk ,o w,xldr mo ms<sn| úpdrd;aul j we.hSug

,la lsÍu yd ;jÿrg;a ixj¾Okh lr.ekSug Wmfoia ,nd §u'


• idïm%odhsl p,k weiqßka iq¿ uy ûd;%d 2+ 4 & fo;s;g wkqj

w,xldr mo ûd;%d& ks¾udKh lrkak.

• jdokhg wkqj w,xldr mo k¾;kh lrkak.

• w,xldr mohla ks¾udKh lsÍfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq

ms<snò fláfhka úia;r lrkak.

10



m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'3 ( ksjerÈ wx.ydr wkq.ukh lrñka idïm%odhsl k¾;k wx. m%o¾Ykh

lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 2'3'1 ( jkakï k¾;kh lruq'


bf.kqï m, 2'3'2 ( • wod< ;s;a rEmh wkqj isxyrdc" iejq,d$wkqrd. oKav;d,h"

kd;s,sxÑ ;d,h$úrdä" uKavql jkakïj, ;dkï yd lú .dhkh

lrhs'

• kshñ; kdoud,dj wkq.ukh lrñka .dhkh lrhs'

• ;dku yd lú .dhkh lrñka k¾;kfha fhfohs'

• lia;sru$brÜáh$l,diu" iSreudrej" wvõj k¾;kh lrhs'

• jdokhg wkqj ;dku lúh .dhkd lrñka k¾;kfha fhfohs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( fnrh" ;d,ïmg jkakï ,shk ,o igyka

ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu i`oyd Wmfoia ( Tn W.kajk k¾;k iïm%odhg wod< jkakï f;dard .; hq;=

h' 9 fY%aKsfha W.;a jkaku iïmQ¾K lr 10 fY%aKshg wod<

jkaku iajdëk j .hñka k¾;kh lsÍug wjYH YlH;d

j¾Okh lr ;sfí ±hs n,kak'

mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ((((( • .dhkh mdvfï § W.;a jkakfï ;dku" .dhkh lsrSug fhduq

lrùu'

• k¾;kfha § jkaku .dhkh lsÍfï wjYH;dj úia;r lsÍu'

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ( • jkakug wod< mo fldgia bf.kSug ie,eiaùu'

• lia;sru$brÜáh$l,diu$iSreudrej iy wvõj .=rejrhd

k¾;kh lsÍu yd isiqka k¾;khg fhduq lrùu'

mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3 ((((( • jdokhg wkqj ;dku yd lú .dhkh lrñka iuQy jYfhka

yd tal, jYfhka k¾;kfhys fhoùu'


i;;dNHdifhka miq j we.hSu lrkak'

• ksjerÈ wx.ydr wkq.ukh lrñka jdokhg wkqj wod< jkakuk¾;kh lrkak'

11


Wvrg - isxyrdc jkaku

;d,h - uy ûd;%d 4& ;ks ;s;

fnr moh - fod fodx; ;l= fodx

;dku - ;k;a ;fkk ;ï - ok;a ;fkk ;ï ok;a ;fkk ;ï ok ;dkd '''';k

;k;a ;fkk ;ï - ok;a ;fkk ;ï ok;a ;fkk ;ï ok ;dkd ''''''''''

lúh - fmr;a lf,l isxy rfcla jegqks uy ,sòla ;=<l bì ,fvla lrmq jev

wer;a fufyu hi jevla Wfka ke; Ñr;a lf,l mej;=ula hihs yev

ÿr;a neü fkdj ,`.;a n,k wh yg;a fuf,i fjhs leg;a ;nñ ov

jg;a whg oefk kg;a lshñ uu rgla ják isxy rc jkakfu yev

lia;sru - ;lg ;lg ;l ;ßlsg l=kao;a $$$

reka;l ðka;l ðx;l ðx l=ò $$$

;d.a .ðx;l ;ßlsg l=kao;a $$

reka;l ðx;l ;ßlsg l=kao;a ;d'

iSreudrej - ;l= ;l ðð l=ò .ð; .ð; l=ò

.ð .; l=ò l=ò ;d ^lv;l&

l=ò l=ò ;d ^lv;l&

l=ò l=ò ;dl= ðka; .; fodñlsg

;ßlsg l=kao;a ;d'

wvõj - ;dï fodñ;s .; fodñ lsg

lv;l ;ßlsg ls;l fodñ;s .; ls;a ;la

l=ò l=ò ;dl= ð;a; .; fodñlsg

;ßlsg l=kao;a ;d'

my;rg - wkqrd.oKAv ;d,h

;d,h - uy ûd;%d 4& ;ks ;s;

fnr moh - ;l È;a ;l fodx fodx Èx ;l fodx

;dku - f;k f;k f;k f;fkkd f;kï f;k

f;k f;k f;k f;fkkd

lúh - ;dr`.kd ueÈkd Èis iqn%lrd f,i fidñ .=fK kd

ta rdjKd rdjk ke.s Yl% iqrd iqr iu`.sj kd

f;darñkd lsrkd ksis w.% ñfkjq lsre,l or kd

kdrdhk ks;skd Èis §¾>;s f,dai; /l foñ kd

brÜáh - ;l È;a ;l fodx ls;a ;;a lsá;l

;ß.; Èl=ox fodï; fodï; .;

;l%;;a .=ys;s. Èßlsg ;d

12


inr.uq - úrdä jkakuinr.uq - úrdä jkakuinr.uq - úrdä jkakuinr.uq - úrdä jkakuinr.uq - úrdä jkaku

;d,h - uy ûd;%d 4& ;ks ;s;

ojq,a moh - ðñ; l=od fodx

;dku - ;dkd ;k;ï ;k ;k ;k;ï ok ;dkd;Skd ;sk;sï ;sk ;sk ;sk;sï ;sk ;S kd

lúh - mdkd hiiska isßmsß l=¿fkka ysò jdrdãnQkd rcis;a tl f,i ksr;=re ùjdã.dkd ysñis;a mskjk hiiska fkl jdrdãfiakd ueo ú;a lS fï jkaku okq úrdã

l,diu - l=È; .;s; l=ò .;s .; l=ò .; $$l=È; .;s; l=ò .;s; l=È;a ;;a

wvõj - .;a;l= È;a;d fodx.v ;ßlsg ð;a;dfodxl=ò .;l=ò .;l=ò .;l=ò;lalv ðlalv fodx.v ;ßlsgfodx; fodx; .; .;s.; Èßlsg ;ßlsg ;dðñ;a;;a .;s.; y¾ðla .;l=x ;d

Wvrg - iejq,d jkaku

;d,h - iq¿ uy ûd;%d 2 + 4& fo;s;

fnr moh - fodx fodx ðx ðx .ð.;

;dku - ;ï ;ïok ;dkï ok ;ïok ;dkï;ï ;ïok ;dk;a f;hs ;ïo kd ;ïfo kd kd

lúh - iqß`ÿka fmr isgka n,hq;a ij;s÷kaiyf.dia l< hqfoka wiq rkach fkd,Èkanr w;a f.k l.ska wek fldka;ú j,skawiqrka l< hqfoka ch f.k lò l=ureka

.iñka l. m;ska fom¨j wiqr fikaoeremd w;¿fjka m¨ fol f.k ieklskatu jka m¨jlska t Wmka iekhlskaiejq,d ku thska f,dj m< l< Wm;ska

lia;sru - l=ò .ð.; $$$ l=ò ;dl=ò .ð.; $$$ l=ò ;dl=ò .ð.; l=ò ;d $$l=ò ;d $$l=ò .ð.; $$$ l=ò ;d $

iSreudrej - ;l= ;l ;ßlsg l=xo;a.;a ð;a ;l ð;a l=xo;a;l= ;l ;ßlsg l=kao;a fodx ;d

wvõj - fcka ;;a ;;a $$$fcka ;d - fckq ;;a ;;a $$$ fckq ;dfcka ;;a ;;a fcka ;d - fckq ;;a ;;a fckq ;dfcka ;d - fckq ;dfodfydlv ;d - fodfydlv .; l=ò fodfydlv ;d

13


my;rg - kd;s,sxÑ ;d,h

;d,h - iq¿ uy ûd;%d 2 + 4 & fo;s;

fnr moh - fodï ;ï .; .È ;ï .; .=.= oï .; .È;ï

;dku - f;k f;ïf;kf;k f;ïf;kf;k f;ïf;k f;fkkd

lúh - iò ikaor È.= mqka.sr È<suka Tn hi gdiò ikaor merÿk fuka ie`.ù fur .sr gdiò ikaor kj uka;r woyd.;a f,i gdiò ikaor m;sj,a,N fi; foka iõ i; gd

brÜáh - fodï ;;a Èï .; .=.= È;.; .=ys ;s. Èß lsgfodï .;.; .=x od

inr.uq - uKavql jkaku

;d,h - ueÿï uy ûd;%d 3 + 4& fo;s;

ojq,a moh - l=ò;a ;lalsg ;lg ðx ;l

;dku - f;hsh ;k;a ;fkkd $$f;hsh ;kd ;k ;dk;a ;;af;dx kx ls;a ;;af;hsh ;k;a ;ykd $$

lúh - wúh /f.k hqohg wd ú,ig $$foúhks fmr isg$$$ ;snqfKa fuf,igf;hsh ;k;a ;ykd$$yhsfhka lSfjd;a jkaku Tìkg $$whsfhda fujkaku$$$ lshdÈhka ugf;hsh ;k;a ;ykd

wyia l=fia jeis .=jkska tk úg$$oyia .Kka ú,$$$ .sh ilaj, jgf;hsh ;k;a ;ykd$$

Woyia ù ßú mdhk ú,ig$$oyia .Kka ye~q$$$uKavqlfhda isg f;hsh ;k;a ;ykd

l,diu - ðx; .; .; .;s; l=ò l=ò $$$ðx; .; l=ò .;s; l=ò .;a

wvõj - ðx; .;a ;;a .;s; .; fodxðx; .; .; .;s; .; fodxðx; .;a ;;a .;;a l=ò .;;d .;a ;;a .;;a l=ò .; ;d

14


ksmqK;dj 2'0 ( k¾;kh yd ine`È uQ,O¾u wkq.ukh lrñka m%dfhda.sl l=i,;d

m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'3 ( ksjerÈ wx.ydr wkq.ukh lrñka idïm%odhsl k¾;kdx. m%o¾Ykh

lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 2'3'2 ( iïm%odh /l.ksñka k¾;kfha fhfouq'


bf.kqï m, 2'3'2 ( • jÜgfï$.uka ud;%fha wkkH;d ,laIK úia;r lrhs'

• kshñ; ;s;a rEm u; jÜgï msÍu" mo" lia;srï" wvõ$wka;däh"

brÜáh$l,diï jÜgu" wvõj ;d, ;nñka lshhs'

• kshñ; wx.ydr wkq.ukh lrñka k¾;kh lrhs'

• jdokhg wkqj tal, yd iduQysl j k¾;kh bÈßm;a lrhs'

• Ys,amSh m%d.=KHh j¾Okhg i;;dNHdih jeo.;a nj m%ldY

lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( .eg fnrh$my;rg fnrh$ojq," ;d,ïmg yd oDYHdOdr

ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia ( Tn W.kajk iïm%odhg wod< ks¾foaYs; fldgia f;dard.;

hq;= h'

Wvrg - fodx ðx; .; fodx; jÜgu - jÜgï msÍu" mo

02" lia;srï 02" wvõ 02

my; rg - .=ò .;s .; jÜgu - mo 02" wka;däh"

brÜá 02

inr.uq .uka ud;%h - mo" l,diï jÜgu" l,diu"

wvõj

mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ((((( • .=rejrhd úiska fodx ðx; .; fodx;$.=o .;s .; jÜgu$inr.uq

.uka ud;%hg wh;a mo m%o¾Ykh lr tys iqúfYAI wkkH;d

,laIK úia;r lsÍu'

• kshñ; ;s;a rEm wkqj jÜgï msÍu" mo" lia;srï" wvõ$ud;%d"

wka;däh" brÜá$l,diï jÜgu" l,diu" wvõj ;d, ;nd lSug

fhduq lrùu'

• .=rejrhd úiska jÜgï msÍu" moh" lia;sru" wvõj$ud;%d"

wka;däh" brÜáh $.uka ud;%h mo l,diï jÜgu" wvõj

m%o¾Ykh lr k¾;kh iòyd fhduq lrùu'

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ((((( • fnr$ojq,a jdokhg wkqj jÜgï msÍu" .uka ud;%h mo l,diï

jÜgu" wvõj wNHdi lrùu'

• jdokhg wkqj kshñ; mo fldgia wNHdi lrùu yd ksjerÈ

wx.ydr wkq.ukh lsÍug u. fmkaùu'

• i;;dNHdifhys wjYH;djh ms<snò idlÉPd lrñka iduQysl

jYfhka wNHdifha fh§ug Wmfoia §u'

15


we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrKh iòyd Wmfoia ( W.kajk k¾;k iïm%odhg ks¾foaYs; úIh fldgia

f;dard .kak'

• jÜgug$.uka ud;%hg wod< ;d, rEmh kï lrkak'

• kshñ; ;d, rEmh wkqj mo fldgia ;d, ;nd lshkak'

• jdokhg wkqj iduQysl j k¾;kh lrkak'

• tal, jYfhka jÜgu$.uka ud;%h k¾;kh lrkak'

úIh wka;¾.;h

Wvrg k¾;k iïm%odhWvrg k¾;k iïm%odhWvrg k¾;k iïm%odhWvrg k¾;k iïm%odhWvrg k¾;k iïm%odh

fodxðx; .; fodx; jÜgu - ;d,h- iq`M ueÿï ûd;%d 2 fodxðx; .; fodx; jÜgu - ;d,h- iq`M ueÿï ûd;%d 2 fodxðx; .; fodx; jÜgu - ;d,h- iq`M ueÿï ûd;%d 2 fodxðx; .; fodx; jÜgu - ;d,h- iq`M ueÿï ûd;%d 2 fodxðx; .; fodx; jÜgu - ;d,h- iq`M ueÿï ûd;%d 2 +++++ 3& fo;s; 3& fo;s; 3& fo;s; 3& fo;s; 3& fo;s;

jÜgï msÍu - f;ysx f;ysx; .ð ðl=ò .;a ð;a .ðx ðl=ò

f;ysx f;ysx; .ð ðl=o fodx ;d'

1' jÜgï ud;%h - fodx ðx; .; fodx;

lia;sru - l=ò .ð; l=ò ;d'

wvõj - ;;a ;lg ;l frdx

;lalv ;lalv l=ò ;l frdx

;l frdx .ðx ðl=ò lsá ;lg l=kao;a ðl frdx

2' jÜgï ud;%h - fodx ðx; .; fodx;

lia;sru - l=ò .ð; $$$ l=ò ;d

wvõj - ;d;a ðx ;;a ;;a ðx ;;a ðx ;;a ;;a

fodfydlv ;ylv fodñlsg l=ò

.; l=l=o - ð;a f;ysx

;y¾ð;a ;y¾ð;a l=ò ;y¾ð;a ;y¾ fodx

my;rg k¾;k iïm%odh

.=ò .;s .; jÜgu - ;d,h- iq`M ûd;%d 2& ;ks ;s;.=ò .;s .; jÜgu - ;d,h- iq`M ûd;%d 2& ;ks ;s;.=ò .;s .; jÜgu - ;d,h- iq`M ûd;%d 2& ;ks ;s;.=ò .;s .; jÜgu - ;d,h- iq`M ûd;%d 2& ;ks ;s;.=ò .;s .; jÜgu - ;d,h- iq`M ûd;%d 2& ;ks ;s;

1' moh - .=ò .;s .; .=ò .=ò .;s .;

wka;däh - .=ò .;s .; .=ò .;a ;ï

brÜáh - .=xo;a .ys;s .Èßlsg .; .; .ys;s .;ï;;a È;a ;;a È.;ï fodx ^.;s .;&

2' moh - .=ò .;s .; .=| .=| .;s .;

wka;däh - .=ò .;s .; .=ò .;a ;ï

brÜáh - .=xo;a .ys;s .Èßlsg .; .; $$ .ys;s .;ï;;a È;a ;;a È.;ï fodx ^.;s .;&

16


inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odh

.uka ud;%h - ;d,h- ueÿï ûd;%d 3& ;ks ;s;.uka ud;%h - ;d,h- ueÿï ûd;%d 3& ;ks ;s;.uka ud;%h - ;d,h- ueÿï ûd;%d 3& ;ks ;s;.uka ud;%h - ;d,h- ueÿï ûd;%d 3& ;ks ;s;.uka ud;%h - ;d,h- ueÿï ûd;%d 3& ;ks ;s;

1' ojq,a moh - ðx lsá ;;a ;;a lsá;l

l,diï jÜgu - l=È; .;s; ;;a l=o.; l=È; .;s;

.; l=o fodx

l,diu - ðx; .;;a ;;a l=ò.; $$$.È; l=È;a ;;a ls;a ;;a

wvõj - ;;a lsgy¾ ðla lsg l=x;;a ls;a;;a .; ls;a ;;a.;s lsgy¾ ðla lsg l=x;;a ls;a;;a .; ls;a ;;afodax; .;a;;a lsá;l;l=o .;;a l=ò.; l=o ;d

17



m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'4 ( m%ia;drlrKfha úê l%u wkq.ukh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 2'4'1 ( fnr mo yd lú m%ia;dr lruq'


bf.kqï m, 2'4'2 ( • kshñ; lú .dhk iy k¾;k mo m%ia;dr lsÍfï úêl%u

idlÉPd lrhs'

• úêl%u yd úúO Ys,am l%u Ndú; lrñka wod< lú yd k¾;k

mo fldgia m%ia;dr lrhs'

• ksjerÈ j m%ia;drlrKfha fhfoñka ;d, ms<snò m%dfhda.sl


• ;=ka ;sf;a m%fNao y÷kajhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( wod< úIh fldgia wka;¾.; igyka

ls%hdldru ie,iqï lsÍu

i|yd Wmfoia ( idïm%odhsl k¾;k wx. mdvfï olajd we;s jkakï yd jÜgï

o" .dhk mdvfï olajd we;s rnka lú yd pdur lú o m%ia;dr

lrKh iòyd fhdod .kak'

• m%ia;drlrKh ms<snò isiq oekqu úuiñka ir, ;s;a rEm" úNd.

fjka fldg oelaùfï § fldgia y;rla Ndú; lsÍu" lú moj,

fh§ we;s ud;%d ,>q" .=re jYfhka fjka fldg y`ÿkd.ekSu

yd kshñ; ia:dkj, ix{d i,l=Kq fh§u ms<snò idlÉPd

lsÍu'

mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ((((( • wod< jkakï" jÜgï" rnka lú" pdur lú m%ia;drlrKh iòyd

isiqka fhduq lsÍu'

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ((((( • m%ia;dr igyka ksÍlaIKh lr yß jeros n,d ilia lr wjYH

kï kej; m%ia;dr lsÍug fhduq lrùu'

mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3 ((((( • ;=ka;sf;a m%fNao y`ÿkajd §u'


• wod< fnr mohla" lúhla" lia;srula$brÜáhla$l,diula

yd wvõjla m%ia;dr lrkak'

• ;=ka;sf;a m%fNao kï lrkak'

18


ksmqK;dj 2'0 ( k¾;k yd ne`È uQ,O¾u wkq.ukh lrñka m%dfhda.sl l=i,;d

m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'5 ( k¾;k l,dj yd ne`È m%ldYk úêl%u wOHhkh lrñka woyia olajhs'

l%shdldrlu 2'5'1 ( i;r wNskh'


bf.kqï m, 2'5'2 ( • m%ldYk úêl%u f,i i;r wNskh Ndú; jk nj m%ldY lrhs'

• i;r wNskh úia;r lrhs'

• fm%alaIl ri úkaokh Wfoid i;r wNskh jeo.;a jk nj

m%ldY lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( fnrh$;d,ïmg$Ydka;sl¾u fm<md,s we;=<;a CD ;eáhla $tu

PdhdrEm$ri Ndj oelafjk oDYHdOdr

ls%hdldrlu ie,iqï lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia (

mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ( • l,ska ie,iqï lrk ,o fyda wjia:dkql+, j ks¾udKh lrk

,o isÿùula weiqßka wdx.sl" id;a;aúl" jdÑl" wdyd¾h wNskh

m%o¾Ykh lrñka ta ms<sn| úuiSu'

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ((((( • i;r wNskh ms<sn| lreKq úia;r lsÍu'

• fm%alaIl riúkaokfhys ,d i;r wNskfhys jeo.;alu yd

f;audj u;= lsÍug" m%dix.sl nj ;Sj% lsÍug" m%ldYkuh .=Kh

u;= lsÍug i;r wNskh bjy,a lr.kakd wdldrh úia;r lsÍu

yd wjYH lreKq igyka lr.ekSug ie,eiaùu'


• i;r wNskh kï lrkak'

• i;r wNskh úia;r lrkak'

• k¾;k ks¾udKhkays id¾:l;ajfhys ,d i;r wNskh bjy,a

jk whqre úia;r lrkak'

19


ksmqK;dj 3'0 ( idïm%odhsl jdoH NdKav yd úl,am jdoH WmlrK y÷kd.ksñka jdok


ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'1 ( ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%u wkq.ukh lrñka fnr jdokh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 3'1'1 ( fnr jdokhg oE; yqrelr .ksuq'


bf.kqï m, 3'1'2 ( • 01" 02 fnr$ojq,a irU mo ;d, ;nñka lshhs'

• ksjerÈ wlaIr W;amdokh jk wdldrhg fnr$ojq,a irU mo

jdokh lrhs'

• ú,ïN" uOH ,h wkq.ukh lrñka fnr$irU mo jdokh lrhs'

• iq¿ ueÿï ûd;%d 2 + 3 & fo;s;g fnr" ojq,a mo jdokh lrhs'

• iduQysl j yd tAl, j y`v md,kh lrñkaa jdokh bÈßm;a

lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( fnr" ;d,ïmg

ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia (fnr irU 02 la iy iq¿ ueÿï ̂ ud;%d 2 + 3& fo;s; g wod< mo

fldgia weiqre lr.kak'

mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ((((( • i;r îcdlaIr jdokh lr flá idlÉPdjla fufyhjd i;r

îcdlaIr jdokh lsÍug u. fmkaùu yd fnrjdokfha §

wkq.ukh l< hq;= úê l%u y÷kajd§u'

• ;d, ;nd irU moh lSug yd ú,ïN" uOH ,hg irU mo

jdokh lsÍug fhduq lrùu'

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ((((( • iq¿ ueÿï ûd;%d 2 + 3& fo;s;g fnr mohla jdokh lr isiqka

g ;d, ;eîug wjia:dj ,nd §u yd fnr mo jdokh lsÍug

fhduq lrùu'

mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3 ((((( • i;r îcdlaIr" m<uq yd fojk fnr irU ú,ïN" uOH ,hg

jdokh lsÍu' iq¿ ueÿï ûd;%d 2+3& fo;s;g fnr mo jdokh

wNHdi lrùu'


wNHdi lsÍug m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd § bkamiq we.hSug ,la lrkak'

• i;r îcdlaIr jdokh lrkak'

• iq¿ ueÿï ûd;%d 2 + 3& fo;s;g wod< fnr mo jdokh lrkak'

• m<uq yd fojk fnr$ojq,a irU mo mo ú,ïN" uOH ,hg

jdokh lrkak'

20


i;r îcdlaIri;r îcdlaIri;r îcdlaIri;r îcdlaIri;r îcdlaIr

Wvrg - ;" ð" f;d" k ^;;a" ð;a" f;dx" kx&

my;rg - ;" È" f;d" k ^;;a" È;a" f;dx" kx&

inr.uq - ;" ð" f;d" k ^;;a" ð;a" f;dx" kx&

fnr irUfnr irUfnr irUfnr irUfnr irU

Wvrg - 1' ;lg2' ;lg l=og

my;rg - 1' .=ys;s2' .=ys;s .ys;s

inr.uq - 1' ;lg2' ;lg ðlg

iq¿ ueÿï fo;s;g fnr moiq¿ ueÿï fo;s;g fnr moiq¿ ueÿï fo;s;g fnr moiq¿ ueÿï fo;s;g fnr moiq¿ ueÿï fo;s;g fnr mo

Wvrg - fodx ðx; .; fodx;

my;rg - .=x fo.; .;a; .=x

inr.uq - ðx ðñ; ;;a ;lg

21


ksmqK;dj 3'0 ( idïm%odhsl jdoH NdKav yd úl,am jdoH WmlrK y`ÿkd.ksñka

jdok l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'2 ( ikaksfõok ld¾hh iòyd jdoH NdKav Ndú; l< wjia:d úia;r

lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 3'2'1 ( ikaksfõok ld¾hh iòyd jdoH NdKav fhdod.ekSu ms<snò f;dr;=re

W.ksuq'


bf.kqï m, 3'2'2 ( • ikaksfõok ld¾hh iòyd w;S;fha isg u foaYSh jdoH NdKav

Ndú; l< nj m%ldY lrhs'

• ikaksfõok l%shdj,sh uq,a fldgf.k jdok wjia:d kï fldg

we;s nj m%ldY lrhs'

• tu ikaksfõok wjia:d wd.ñl yd idudÔh jYfhka j¾. lr

olajhs'

• wd.ñl yd idudÔh ikaksfõok wjYH;d iòyd NdKav Ndú;fha

§ úúO Wml%u fhdod.;a wdldrh úia;r lrhs'

• j¾;udkfha úúO iudc wjYH;dj, § fuu jdoH NdKav fhdod

.kakd njg lreKq bÈßm;a lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( .eg fnrh" my;rg fnrh" ojq," rndk" Y%jH mg'


mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ((((( • f;dard.;a fnrmo fldgila fyda u`.=,a fnr" u< fnr jdok

we;=<;a y`v mghla Y%jKhg ie,eiaùu'

• Y%jKh lrk ,o mo fldgia ms<sn| isiq woyia úuiSu' w;S;fha

fuka u j¾;udkfha o foaYSh jdoH NdKav úúO idudÔh"

wd.ñl yd fjk;a wjYH;d iòyd fhdod.;a wjia:d kï lsÍu'

^Wod( wK fnr" rK fnr" u< fnr" jo fnr" f;ajd jdok"

fyaúis jdok" rnka jdok& wjia:d kï lsÍu'

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ((((( • isiqka lKavdhï lr" weuqKqï 01 ,nd § we.hSu yd

;lafiarelrKfha § we;s m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re f.dkq lsÍug fhduq

lrùu'

mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3 ( • lKavdhï jYfhka ms<s;=re bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd §u'

• tu ms<s;=re weiqßka ;jÿrg;a lreKq ±laùu'

22



• ikaksfõokh iòyd Ndú; jdoH NdKav kï lrkak'

• ikaksfõokh iòyd foaYSh jdoH NdKav jdokh l< wjia:d

kï lrkak

• jdokh lsÍfï § ta ta wjia:djka yd ne¢ úê l%u úia;r lrkak'

• fuu jdok wx. ixrlaIKh iòyd iqÿiq l%shd ud¾. y;rla

fhdackd lrkak'

weuqKqu 01

w;S;fha mgka j¾;udkh olajd Y%S ,dxlslfhda úúO wjYH;d Wfoid foaYSh jdoH NdKav

weiqre lr .;ay' w;S;fha ia;+m mQcd" fndaê mQcd" Od;= ksOdfkda;aij" .sßNKav mQcd" Èhfl<s" ov fl<s

jeks W;aij yd iudc lghq;= fuys ,d jeo.;a fõ'

fyaúis yd f;ajd jeks jdok wd.ñl lghq;= iòyd Ndú; úh' wK fnr" u< fnr" jo fnr"

u.=,a fnr" rnka jdok" idudÔh lghq;= Wfoid Ndú; úh' rK fnr hqOuh wjia:dj, § Ndú;

úh'

weuqKqu 02

fuu jdokh uQ,sl jYfhka u ikaksfõok ld¾h wruqKq lr.;a w;r" Ndú; lsÍfï § yv

md,kh i|yd úúO Wml%u fhdod .kq ,eî h' Wod( u<fnr jdokfha § ojq, iqÿ msrejghlska jeiSu'

úúO iudc wjia:d wkqj jdokhg fhdod.kakd jdoH NdKav úúO jk w;r" tajd jdokfha §

úúO ufkdaNdj u;= lsÍfuys ,d iu;a fõ' u<fnr yd jo fnr jdokfhka lreK rih;a" rK fnr

jdokfhka ùr rih;a ,nd §ug jdolfhda W;aidy .ks;s'

j¾;udkfha úúO wd.ñl" idudcSh" ixialD;sl ixo¾Yk yd ix.S; lghq;= iòyd jdoH NdKav

fhdod .kakd w;r" fuu jdok wjia:d ixialD;sl jYfhka YS% ,dxflah ck iudcfha m%n, jákdlï

ysñ lr.kS' úúO wjia:dj, § jdokh lrkq ,nk jdoH NdKav úúO jkakd fia u úúO mo fldgia

o wjia:dkql+, j jdokh lrkq ,efí' tu mo jdokh u.ska m%n, ikaksfõokhla isÿ fõ'

23


ksmqK;dj 4'0 ( YS% ,dxflah ixialD;sh yd ne`È .dhkj, miqìu wOHhkh lrñka.dhk l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'1 ( ks¾foaYs; .dhk yd ne|s ixialD;sl miqìu úia;r lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 4'1'1 ( ks¾osIag cklú .dhkj, miqìu úia;r lruq'


bf.kqï m, 4'1'1 ( • rnka yd jkakï lú .dhk yd ne|s miqìu fláfhka olajhs'• pdur yd TxÑ,s jdrï lú .dhkj, miqìu úuihs'• kuialdr .d:d yd àld iSmo lú .dhkj, miqìu úia;r lrhs'• ks¾osIag fuu lú .dhkj, jákdlu y÷kd.ksñka tajd

ixrlaIKh lsÍug fhdackd bosßm;a lrhs'• wod< lú .dhkh lrñka tu lú .dhkj, iqúfYaI ,laIK

m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( fnr" ;d,ïmg yd wod< lú igyka

ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu i`oyd Wmfoia ( fuu ls%hdldrlug wod< ld,ÉfÊo 06 jdr ;=kg fol ne.ska

fjka lr.kak' jdr igyfkys ls%hdldrlï fnod olajd we;swdldrh y÷kd.kak' .dhkhg fmr ta ms<sn| wjfndaOh ,nd.; yels jk mßos jvd;a iqÿiq yd ksjerÈ f,i ls%hdldrluie,iqï lr.kak' I jdrh rnka yd jkakï lú" IIjdrh- pduryd TkaÑ,s jdrï lú" III jdrh- kuialdr .d:d yd àld iSmo

mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 • wod< lú Y%jKhg ie,eiaùu yd .dhkh lrñka tu lú y÷kajd§u'

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 • wod< lú ks¾udKh lsÍug n,mE lreKq" tu lú .dhkj, we;sfjkialï" iqúfYaI kdo rgd" w>d;d;aul" wkd>d;d;aul,laIK" ck iudch yd fuu lú w;r we;s in|;d" lúixrlaIKh lsÍug .; yels mshjr ms<sn| idlÉcd lsÍu'

mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3 • wod< lú .dhkh lsÍug i,iajd tu lúj, iqúfYaI ,laIKwe.hSug ,la lsÍu yd ixrlaIKh lsÍu ms<sn| isiq woyia úuiñkaidlÉcd lr wjYH f;dr;=re igyka lr .ekSug fhduq lsÍu'


fuu lú .dhk ls%hdldrlï jdr ;=kg wod< neúka we.hSfï oS ta tajdrhg ks¾foaYs; .dhk we.hSug ie,iqï lrkak'• rnka yd jkakï lú .dhkj, miqìu úia;r lrkak'• rnka lúhla fyda wod< jkakfï ;dku yd lúh .hñka tys

iqúfYaI ,laIK y÷kajkak'• pdur yd TkaÑ,s jdrï lúj, .dhkj, miqìu úuikak'• kuialdr .d:d yd àld iSmo .hñka tu .dhkj, iqúfYaI

.dhk ,laIK úia;r lrkak'

24


ksmqK;dj 4'0 ( YS% ,dxflah ixialD;sh yd ine`È .dhkj, miqìu wOHhkh lrñka

.dhk l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'2 ( kshñ; kdoud,dj wkq.ukh lrñka ck .dhk bÈßm;a lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 4'2'1 ( TkaÑ,s jdrï yd pdur lú .huq'

ld,ÉfÊo ixLdj ( 02

bf.kqï m, 4'2'1 ( • TxÑ,s jdrï lú yd pdur lú ksjerÈ kdoud,djg wkqj .dhk

lrhs'

• kshñ; fnrmo wkqj ;d, ;nñka wod< lú .dhkh lrhs'

• fnr jdokhg wkqj ;d, ;nñka TkaÑ,s jdrï lú yd pdur

lú .dhkh lrhs'

• iduQysl;ajfhka hq;= j talSh y`v;,hl msysgd .dhkh lrhs'

• iajlSh y~;,h yiqrejd.ksñka .dhkh lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( Y%jH mg" äuhs fld<" weuqKqï

ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu i`oyd Wmfoia ( úúO m%fõY yd bf.kqï l%u Ndú; lrñka TkaÑ,s jdrï lú

yd pdur lú ud;Dld hgf;a fjka jYfhka l%shdldrlï ie,iqï

lr.kak'

mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ( • .=rejrhd úiska TxÑ,s jdrï lú yd pdur lú .dhkh lrñka ta

ms<sn`o idlÉPd lsÍu'

• lú iys; weuqKqu isiqka w;f¾ fnod §u'

• TxÑ,s jdrï lú yd pdur lú .dhk lrùu' lKavdhï jYfhka

mqyqKq ùug ie,eiaùu yd Wmfoia ,nd §u'

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ((((( • tla tla lKavdhu ne.ska TkaÑ,sjdrï lú yd pdur lú .dhkh

lsÍug ie,eiaùu'


ls%hdldrlï wjidkfha laIKsl we.hSula lr wjYH iqÿiq wjia:djl

§ my; i|yka m%Yak wkqj we.hSu lrkak'

• kshñ; kdoud,djg wkqj TkaÑ,s jdrï lúhla .dhkh lrkak'

• kshñ; ud,djg wkqj pdur lúhla .dhkh lrkak'

• lKavdhï jYfhka TkaÑ,s jdrï lú yd pdur lú .dhk

bÈßm;a lrkak'

25


TxÑ,s jdrï lú

1' mqrjr ueo ne|s rka TkaÑ,a,d ÿr hk ;rug mqÿu fkdfj,a,d

jer ir msßñka ;j meom,a,d iqrmqr foúhka /l=fu ish,a,d

2' wg fok wg fldK jdä fjh,a,d isgf.k fofofkla fmd¨ md.,a,d

jõ,ka f,i lerflk TkaÑ,a,d wms;a mÈuq fï rka TkaÑ,a,d

fidnuka foú jre ifofkla t;kg

nisñka pdur .;af;a iqr;g

.ksñka pdur ie¨fõ uqks÷g

wms oeka olajuq ta r`. inhg

pdur k¾;kh i|yd by; lúh Ndú; lrk w;r pdur k¾;kh rdc iNd ,laIK .kakd

ksid k¾;kfha § m%Yia;s lú o Ndú; lrhs'

Wod( ch ch isxy kf¾kaød rlaI rlaI - ch ch isxy iqf¾kaød

ch ch isxy iqf¾kaød rlaI rlaI - ch ch lkao iqßkaod

mdom;au wiqrka To ìkaod - isßyia ±re fõ,d wúfhkaod

.;a;o fk;a fod, iskaod rlaI rlaI - foú /lf|ka iqr lkaod

26


ksmqK;dj 4'0 ( YS% ,dxflah ixialD;sh yd ne`È .dhkj, miq ìu wOHhkh lrñka


ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'2 ( kshñ; kdoud,dj wkq.ukh lrñka .dhk bÈßm;a lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 4'2'2 ( rnka yd jkakï lú .hñka i;=gq fjuq'


bf.kqï m, 4'2'2 ( • kshñ; kdoud,djg wkqj rnka lú .dhkh lrhs'

• kshñ; kdoud,dj wkq.ukh lrñka jkakï .dhkh lrhs'

• fnr jdokhg wkqj ;d, ;nñka rnka yd jkakï lú .dhk

lrhs'

• talSh y`v ;,hl msysgd iduQysl j .dhkh lrhs'

• iajlSh y`v ;,h y÷kd.ksñka .dhkh lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( Y%jH mg" oDYH mg" mska;+r

ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu i`oyd Wmfoia ( rnka yd jkakï lú .dhkh l%shdldrlï fjka fjka jYfhka

ie,iqï lr.kak'

mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ((((( • rnka lú Y%jKhg ie,eiaùu'

• Y%jKh lrñka .dhkfha fh§ug wjia:dj ie,iSu'

• lKavdhï jYfhka ksjerÈ kdoud,dj wkqj .dhkhg fhduq

lrùu'

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ((((( • wod< jkaku Y%jKhg ie,eiaùu'

• lKavdhï jYfhka .dhkh lsÍug wjia:dj ie,iSu'

• fnr jdokh wkqj ;d, ;nñka .dhkh lrùu'

• kej; kej; .dhk wNHdihg wjia:dj ,nd§u'


• ;d, ;nñka ksjerÈ j rnka lúhla .dhkh lrkak'

• jkaku ksjerÈ kdoud,dj wkqj .dhkh lrkak'

• talSh y`v ;,hl msysgd lKavdhï jYfhka jkaku yd rnka

lúhla .dhkh lrkak'

• fnr jdokhg wkqj ;d, ;nñka jkakfï ;dku" lúh yd

rnka lú .dhkh lrkak'

27


rnka lúrnka lúrnka lúrnka lúrnka lú

• kï W;=ka fmïnr .=K reisre rndkd

oeka fuuka w;ska /f.k lrljñ ukd

fmï is;ska n,kq uekú fofk;a mdñkd

ikaf;diska wikq uekú lSu fjk fjkd

• w;lg f.k rnka fmdäh jh;s Èis reúka

.;is; nò fid,jd is,s is,s ko lrñka

is;lgj;a fkdf.k r`.;s úÿ,sh ú,iska

wyig ouñka w,a,d rndk oE;ska

• ;%súO {dk úÿrE m`ä wfm uy f.!;u kï uqksª ''''''''

t nqÿ jQ f.!;u kï uqksª ''''''''

foiQ oyï weiqug ta ksu,d - úiQ Njh hl=f.ka ;;= oek,d

kid ,kag lsõ Èú wi,d nK - foiQ úÿr mKa`ä;uhs f.!;u

tod t we;= úÿug wd jeÈ yg - mqod t o< fol § ,d oE;g

iod t nqÿ nj me;= ud;d yg - mqod jÈuq wms u,a f.k foda;g

• rglg uõ iu.ska tkeõ ke. hk l, wfm uqKsÿka

ulfrg .eiQ iq<`.ska tkej ìò iuqÿr ueo .s¨fkka

Wrmsg uõ ;nñka i;shla mSk, f.dv ke.=fkka

wgúis uqks`ÿ nf,ka wmyg wjir ,efnkq ifnka

^wod< jkakï iòyd 11-12-13 msgq n,kak'&

28


ksmqK;dj 4'0 ( YS% ,dxflah ixialD;sh yd ne`È .dhkj, miq ìu wOHhkh lrñka


ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'2 ( kshñ; kdoud,dj wkq.ukh lrñka .dhk bÈßm;a lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 4'2'3 ( kuialdr .d:d yd àld iSmo .huq'


bf.kqï m, 4'2'2 (

• kuialdr .d:d yd àld iSmo lú kshñ; kdo ud,djg wkqj

.dhkh lrhs'

• talSh y~;,hl msysgd tal, j yd iduQysl j kuialdr yd àld

iSmo lú .dhkh lrhs'

• iajlSh y`v;,h y÷kd.ksñka lú .dhk bÈßm;a lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( Y%jH mg" lú ,shk ,o mqjre$m;s%ld

ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu i`oyd Wmfoia ( .=Kd;aul fhojqï Ndú; lrñka iqÿiq bf.kqï l%ufõo

wkqj ls%hdldrlï folla f,i ie,iqï lrkak'

mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ((((( • 4'1 ksmqK;d uÜgu yd ne|s ls%hdldrlfï oS W.;a kuialdr.d:d

yd ine|s ixialD;sl miqìu ms<sn| f;dr;=re úuiñka flá

idlÉcdjla fufyhùu'

• kuialdr .d:djla Y%jKhg i,iajd mofhka moh .dhkhg

fhduq lrùu'

• ksjeros kdoud,dj wkq.ukh lrñka wNHdi lsÍug u. fmkaùu'

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ((((( • àld iS mo lúhla Y%jKhg ie,eiaùu'

• .oH yd moH ,laIK ;yjqre jk fia wod< kdoud,djg wkqj

àldj .hñka isiqka .dhkhg fhduq lrùu'

• àld iS mo lú .dhk wNHdilr bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd u. fmkaùu'


we.hSï wjia:d foll oS bgq lrkak'

• ksjerÈ kdoud,djg wkqj kuialdr .d:d bÈßm;a lrkak'

• .oH yd moH ,laIK u;= jk whqßka àld iS mo lúhla bÈßm;a

lrkak'

• talSh y~ ;,hl msysgd iduQysl j lú .dhkh lrkak'

• iajlSh y`v`;,h y÷kd.ksñka lú .dhkh lrkak'

29


kuialdr .d:d

01' iïud iïnqoaO {dfkak - iïud iïnqoaO foaikd

iïud iïnqoaO f,daliañx - iïud iïnqoaO f;a kfuda

02' fïrex úrdð; iux úh nqoaO rdcx

isß oka; id.r iux úh Oïu rdcx

i;a;l+Gmín; iux úh ix> rdcx

isß nqoaO Oïu .=K ix> jrx kudñ

by; kuialdr .d:dfjys fojeks mdofha isß oka;isß oka;isß oka;isß oka;isß oka; iy ;=kajeks mdofhys i;a;l+Gi;a;l+Gi;a;l+Gi;a;l+Gi;a;l+G hk jpk

ksjerÈ h' .dhk jHjydrfha § YS% oka;YS% oka;YS% oka;YS% oka;YS% oka; yd i;al+,i;al+,i;al+,i;al+,i;al+, hkqfjka Ndú; flf¾'

àld iS mo

• fyñka fyñka ''''''''''''''

;j o ''''''''''''' W!rkag" uqjkag" f.dakqkag" idjqkag fjä ;shkak

j,amdrla osf.a lsÜgq lrf.k hkakd jdf.a ''''''''''''''

fyñka fyñka uu f.alg hk l,g ''''''''''''''

tflla weú;a ''''''''''''''

;j o '''''''''''''' w;a;d" uq;a;d" k;a;d" mk;a;d" ls;a;d" lsßls;a;d" fida<shd" mdçhd ldf,a

uyd Wia

lkdgq .ylska fmd,a f.ä mKyla yegla is| fy,kakd jdf.a ''''''''''''''

tflla weú;a '''''''''''''' ÿkakhs uf.a '''''''''''''' msg ueog

t.=á lld ''''''''''''''

;j o '''''''''''''' kekaod ududf.a f.or f.dia

fydoaola n;la ud¨jla lEjd jdf.a ''''''''''''''

t.=á lld '''''''''''''' uu msg ù hk l,g ''''''''''''''

uïu ugu b, weg ke;

;j o kekaod" udud" wdÉÑ" wd;d" yQrd" kEkd iu. ikaf;daI fõ,djl §

fldla y~,d iskdfikakd jdf.a ''''''''''''''

uïu ugu b,weg ke; yskdjg ''''''''''''''

• Wka;ek wghs ''''''''''''''

Wka;ek wghs ;ßlsg fodoafodx ;d

Wka;ek wghs osßlsg fodoafodx ;d

Wka;ek wghs È;a ;ßlsg fodx ;d ''''''''''''''

;ï ;ïok ;k oïok ;k;a;kd kd ;ïok

by< fjf,a hk kEfkda-my< fjf,a hk kEfkda

by< fjf,a f.dka ndkhs - my< fjf,a f.dka ndkhs

w,a,msfhda '''''''''''''' w,a,msfhda ''''''''''''''

;ïok ;ï odk ;dfkkd ''''''''''''''

Wka;ek wghs isá;ek kjhhs mdo ''''''''''''''

30


ksmqK;dj 5'0 ( YS% ,dxflah k¾;k iïm%odhka yd ine`È ft;sydisl yd ixialD;sl

miqìu wOHhkh lrñka cd;sl Wreu /l.ekSu iòyd l%shd lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'1 ( k¾;k l,dj yd ine¢ ft;sydisl miqìu ú.%y lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 5'1'1 ( k¾;k l,dfõ ft;sydisl f;dr;=re úuiuq


bf.kqï m, 5'1'2 ( • jxi l:d yd úfoaYslhkaf.a jd¾;dj,ska k¾;k l,dj ms<sn|

ft;sydisl f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lr.; yels nj m%ldY lrhs'

• k¾;k l,djg rdcH wkq.%yh ,enQ nj ft;sydisl uQ,dY%hj,

we;s idOl u.ska bÈßm;a lrhs'

• wd.ñl yd idudcSh wjYH;d iòyd k¾;k Ndú; l< whqre

ft;sydisl uQ,dY%hj, idOl weiqßka úia;r lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( ft;sydisl f;dr;=re we;=<;a .%ka:" yd wod< m%Yak

ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia ( uydjxih" pQ,jxih yd úfoaYslhkaf.a jd¾;dj, k¾;k l,dj

ms<sn| we;s f;dr;=re f.dkq lr.kak'

mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ((((( • 8" 9 fY%aKsj, § bf.k .kakd ,o k¾;k l,dfõ ft;sydisl

miqìu ms<snò fmr oekqu úuiSu ^rE lï" fi,a,sms" ikafoaY

ldjH&

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ((((( • k¾;k l,djg rdcH wkq.%yh ,enqKq njg f;dr;=re uydjxih

yd pQ,jxih idOl weiqßka idlÉPd lsÍu'

mshjr 3 mshjr 3 mshjr 3 mshjr 3 mshjr 3 ((((( • bnka n;+;d" iams,a n¾.a yd frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a jd¾;d wkqj

wd.ñl yd idudÔh wjYH;d iòyd k¾;kh fhdod.ekSu

ms<sn| f;dr;=re idlÉPd lrñka igyka ;nd.ekSug ie,eiaùu'


• k¾;k l,dj ms<sn| ft;sydisl f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lr .;

yels uQ,dY%h ;=kla kï lrkak'

• k¾;k l,djg rdcH wkq.%yh ,enqKq nj uydjxih yd pQ,jxih

idOl weiqßka úuikak'

31




ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'2 ( Y%S ,dxflah k¾;k l,dfõ m%j¾Okhg odhl jQjka w.hñka f;dr;=re

bosßm;a lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 5'2'1 ( k¾;kfha m%j¾Okhg odhl jQjka w.huq'


bf.kqï m, 5'2'2 ( • k¾;k Ys,amskshka ms<snò Ôjk f;dr;=re /ialrhs'

• k¾;kfha m%j¾Okhg odhl ù we;s wdldrh úia;r lrhs'

• Tjqkaf.a fiajh we.hSu iïnkaO j woyia olajhs'

• mrmqfrka mrmqrg Tjqkg oelaúh hq;= lD;fõÈ;ajh ms<snò j

fhdackd bÈßm;a lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( ks¾ÈIag k¾;k l,d Ys,amskshka ms<snò f;dr;=re we;=<;a .%ka: yd

PdhdrEm

ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia ( fuu ls%hdldrlu ie,iqï lsÍug fmr wod< Ys,amskshka ms<sn|

f;dr;=re f.dkq lsÍug fhduq lrjkak'

mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ((((( • m%ùK k¾;k Ys,amskshka lsysm fokl=f.a cdhdrEm fmkajd Tjqka

y`ÿkd.ekSug ie,eiaùu'

wdpd¾h jðrd Ñ;%fiak ñh

k¾;k Ys,amskS ñ/kavd fyau,;d ñh

• wod< Ys,amskshka fofokdf.a Ys,amSh l=i,;d yd k¾;k l,dfõ

m%j¾Okhg bgq l< fiajh ms<snò flá idlÉPdjla fufyhùu'

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ((((( • /f.k wd .%ka:j, we;s úIh lreKq lshjd ;yjqre lr.ekSug

wjia:dj ie,eiaùu'

• isiqka imhdf.k meñKs f;dr;=re iu. ii|d n,d igykla

ms<sfh< lsÍug ie,eiaùu'

mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3 ((((( • ms<sfh< lrk ,o f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd §

idlÉcd lr wjYH f;dr;=re igyka lr.ekSug ie,eiaùu'


• k¾;k wOHdmkfha m%j¾Okh i|yd k¾;k Ys,amskS ñ/kavd

fyau,;d uy;añhf.a odhl;ajh w.hkak'

• wdpd¾h jðrd Ñ;%fiak uy;añh uqød kdgH lafIa;%hg l<

odhl;ajh ms<sn| úia;r lrkak'

32



miqìu wOHhkh lrñka cd;sl Wreuh /l.ekSu iòyd l%shd lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'3 ( YS% ,dxflah .eñkdgl yd ine`È miqìu wOHhkh lr iqúfYaI ,laIK

bÈßm;a lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 5'3'1 ( fidlß .eñ kdglh ms<snò ;;= úuid n,uq'


bf.kqï m, 5'3'2 ( • fidlß foaYSh .eñ kdglhla nj m%ldY lrhs'

• fidlß kdglh m%p,s; m%foaY yd meje;aùfï wruqKq úia;r

lrhs'

• fidlß l:d m%jD;a;sh mjihs'

• fidlß .eñ kdglfhys .dhk jdok yd rx. jia;%dNrK ms<snò

woyia olajhs'

• fidlß .eñ kdgHfhys pß; ksrEmK ms<snò úpdrd;aul j

woyia bÈßm;a lrhs'

• .eñkdgl wNdjhg hd fkd§ wdrlaId lr.ekSug fhdackd

bÈßm;a lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( fidlß .eñ kdglh ms<snò f;dr;=re we;=<;a .%ka:" f;dr;=re m;s%ld

yd mska;+r" ùäfhda mg


mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ((((( • fidlß kdglfhys .dhkhla iu. rx.khla fyda kdglfhys

fldgia lsysmhla keröug" .dhkh fldgila Y%jKh lsÍug

i,iajd YsIH idOk uÜgu ksÍlaIKh lsÍu'

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ((((( • fidlß kdglh ms<snò f;dr;=re iòyka .%ka: yd Wmqgd .kakd

,o f;dr;=re iòyka m;%sld lKavdhïj,g fnod §u'

• fidlß m%p,s; m%foaY yd fidlß kdgl lKavdhï'

• meje;aùfï wruqKq" mj;ajk ia:dk

• fidlß l:d m%jD;a;sh

• fidlß kdgHfhys pß; yd .dhkd

• rx. NdKav" rx. jia;%dNrK yd fjia.ekaùï hk ud;Dld

lKavdhï w;r fnod §" f;dr;=re f.dkq lsÍug fhduq

lrùu'

mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3 ((((( • lKavdhï l%shdldrlïj,ska f.dkq lrk ,o f;dr;=re bÈßm;a

lrùu'

• bÈßm;a lrk ,o f;dr;=re w.hñka wod< úIh lreKq ;jÿrg;a

ie,iqï lr igyka lr.ekSug ie,eiaùu'

33



• foaYSh .eñ kdgl kï lrkak'

• fidlß kdglh m%p,s; m%foaY yd meje;aùfï wruqKq olajkak'

• fidlß l:d mqj; fláfhka úia;r lrkak'

• fidlß lúhla .hkak'

• .eñ kdgl wNdjhg hd fkd§ ixrlaIKh lr .; yels fhdackd

bÈßm;a lrkak'

f;dr;=re m;s%ldj

foaYSh .eñ kdgl - fidlß" flda,ï" kdv.ï" rElv'

fidlß m%p,s; m%foaY - ud;f,a" l¿kaoEj" y`.=rkafl;" fyajdyeg" nÿ,a," fldkl,.," oUq,a,"

jkaks m%foaY

meje;aùfï wruqKq - iY%Sl;ajh

mQcd¾:h

fi!Nd.Hh

.ug" rgg fi;a Ydka;shla Wod lr.ekSu

jix.; frda. yd iajdNdúl úm;a wdÈfhka ñ§u

úfkdaodiajdoh'

fidlß l:d mqj; - ldis foaYfha isg meñKs .=reydñ" fidlß mrhd fuka u ;Urdúg

fjord," ld,s wïud" fid;a;dkd hk pß; uq,a lrf.k f.dvke.S

we;s l:d mqj;'

m%dfoaYSh fjkialï - uykqjr m%foaYfha ̂ ud;f,a" kqjr" yÕ=rkafl;''''& fidlß kdglh rÕ

±laùfï § .egfnrh o" jkaks m%foaYj, ^wkqrdOmqr" mq;a;,u'''''''&

fidlß kdglh rÕ ±laùfï § jdµ NdKav f,i Wvelalsh o" W!j

m%foaYfha ̂ nÿ,a," l¿kaoEj''''& fidlß kdglh rÕ ±laùfï § ojq, o

jdµ NdKavh f,i Ndú; lsÍu m%dfoaYSh wkkH;djls'

l:d m%jD;a;sfhys o m%dfoaYSh jYfhka iq¿ fjkialï ;snqK o uqLH

mrud¾:h fmdÿ h'

.dhkh - m%Odk .dhlhl= yd w;a je,a .dhlfhla iyNd.s fõ'

pß; y÷kajd §fï lú"

fidlßhfidlßhfidlßhfidlßhfidlßh

w÷ka.dkakS fk;afol Tuß lrka kS

u,a .jikakS fldKavh f.d;d fy,ka kS

f;davq oukakS mj,ï ud, n|ska kS

fia, w|skakS fmdglska Tuß lrka kS

mrhdmrhdmrhdmrhdmrhd

b;sx lshkafka ;=kajeks jrg kgka fka

mrhd tkafka jgmsg ks;r n,ka fka

lgfodv jkafka .sh .sh ;ek fmrf,ka fka

fldla y`v,kafka fidlßh foihs n,ka fka

34


jdokh - ir, fnrmo weiqßka f.dvke.S we;' ueÿï

^ud;%d 3& ;ks ;s;g wh;a fnr mo Ndú; fõ'

rx. jia;%dNrK - tla tla pß; wkqj kshu jQ rx. jia;% Ndú; fjhs'

mrhd" fjord, jeks pß; i|yd fjia uqyqKq Ndú; lrhs'

w;S;fha fidlß pß;h i`oyd o fjiauqyqKq Ndú; lr we;'

ieris,s - u,a hyk we;=¿ wfkl=;a ieris,s'

rx. N+ñh - lu;

35




ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'4 ( YS% ,dxflah k¾;k iïm%odhka yd ine¢ Ydka;sl¾uj, iqúfYaI

,laIK ;=,kd;aul j olajhs'

l%shdldrlu 5'4'1 ( fldfydUd hla lxldßh" fofjd,a uvqj yd myka uvqj Ydka;sl¾u

ms<sn| f;dr;=re ;=,kd;aul j bÈßm;a lruq'


bf.kqï m, 5'4'2 ( • fldfydUd hla lxldßh" fofjd,a uvqj" myka uvqj Ydka;sl¾u

yd ine¢ l;d mqj;aj, wka;¾.; iudc wdl,am úia;r lrhs'

• tu Ydka;sl¾u meje;aùfï wruqKq olajhs'

• tu Ydka;sl¾uj, wka;¾.; .dhk" jdok" k¾;k" rx.

jia;%dNrK" ieris,s yd rx. NdKavj, iqúfYaI ,laIK

;=,kd;aul j bosßm;a lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( rEm igyka" oDYHmg" jdoH NdKav" ld¾hh m;s%ldj


mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ((((( • ks¾foaY lr we;s Ydka;sl¾u ;=k ms<sn| j my; i|yka ud;Dld

Tiafia flá idlÉcdjla fufyh ùu'

• mqrdjD;a; l:d

• meje;aùug fya;=

• mqo ,nk foújre yd hl=ka

• k¾;k" .dhk" jdok yd pdß;%

• rx. NdKav

• rx. jia;%dNrK

• m%Odk ieris,s

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ((((( • ld¾h m;s%ldj m%o¾Ykh lr isiqka ls%hdldrlfuys fhduq lrùu'

• iïmQ¾K lrk ,o ld¾h m;s%ldj weiqßka Ydka;sl¾u ms<sn|

f;dr;=re ;=,kd;aul j f.dkq lsÍug wjYH u. fmkaùu yd

Wmfoia ,nd §u'

• lKavdhï jYfhka f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd §

oDYHmg" rEmigyka Ndú; lr wod< lreKq ;=,kd;aul j ú.%y

lsÍu'


• fldfydUd hla lxldßh" fofjd,a uvqj" myka uvqj meje;aùfï

wruqKq úia;r lrkak'

• k¾;k" .dhk" jdok" rx. NdKav yd rx. jia;%dNrK ms<sn|

;=,kd;aul j woyia olajkak'

• fuu l;d mqj;a ;=<ska iudchg ,nd fok hym;a wdl,am

úia;r lrkak'

36


ld¾h m;s%ldj

fldfydUd hla lxldßh fofjd,a uvqj myka uvqj fldfydUd hla lxldßh fofjd,a uvqj myka uvqj fldfydUd hla lxldßh fofjd,a uvqj myka uvqj fldfydUd hla lxldßh fofjd,a uvqj myka uvqj fldfydUd hla lxldßh fofjd,a uvqj myka uvqj

mqrdjD;a; l:dj

^fláfhka&

meje;aùfï wruqKq

mqo ,nk foújre

yd hl=ka

k¾;k wx.

.dhk wx.

jdok wx.

rx. NdKav

rx. jia;%dNrK

m%Odk ieris,s

37


ksmqK;dj 6'0 ( ri{;d j¾Okh i|yd úúO l,dx.j, iqúfYaI ,laIK

úpdrhg ,la lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 6'1 ( YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgH l,dfõ miqìu ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 6'1'1 ( YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgH ^b.sk¿& l,dfõ m%Njhg n,mE lreKq úuid

n,uq'


bf.kqï m, 6'1'2 ( • YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgH ^b.sk¿& hkak y÷kajhs'

• YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgH ^b.sk¿j,& iqúfYaI ,laIK úuihs'

• YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgH ^b.sk¿& l,dfõ wdrïNh yd úldYkh

ms<sn| lreKq bÈßm;a lrhs'

• YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgHh ^b.sk¿& m%dix.sl j bÈßm;a lsÍug

Ndú; lr we;s úê l%u ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgH ^b.sk¿& ms<sn| f;dr;=re wka;¾.; .%ka:"

oDYHmg yd PdhdrEm

ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu i`oyd Wmfoia ( 1930 oYlfha isg 1960 olajd ld,h ;=< YS% ,dxflah uqød

kdgH ^b.sk¿& l,dfjys f;dr;=re ie,ls,a,g .kak'

mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ((((( • oDYHmg" cdhdrEm yd ,sÅ; igyka Ndú; lrñka uqød kdgH

^b.sk¿& l,dfõ wdrïNh yd úldYkh ms<sn| f;dr;=re

idlÉcd lsÍu'

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ((((( • wod< .%ka: weiqre lr.ksñka lreKq igyka lr.ekSug fhduq

lrùu'


• 1930 oYlfha isg 1960 olajd YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgHh ^b.sk¿&

l,dfõ wdrïNh yd miqìu úia;r lrkak'

38


ksmqK;dj 6'0 ( ri{;d j¾Okh i|yd úúO l,dx.j, iqúfYaI ,laIK úpdrhg

,la lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 6'2 ( iïNdjH uqød kdgHhla krUd úpdrhg ,la lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 6'2'1 ( l,d lD;shl ri ñysr mjiuq' ^lrÈh$l+ô l;dj&


bf.kqï m, 6'2'2 ( • uqød kdgHhg mdol jQ l;d mqj; úia;r lrhs'

• l;d mqj;ska úoHudk Ôjk oelau úia;r lrhs'

• pß; úldYh iòyd k¾;k fhdodf.k we;s wdldrh ms<snò

woyia olajhs'

• l,d;aul ,laIK ;Sj% lsÍu iòyd ix.S;h" rx. jia;%dNrK"

fõÈld ieris,s" wdf,dallrKh wdÈh fhdodf.k we;s wdldrh

úpdrd;aul j we.hSug ,la lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( oDYH mg" mska;+r


mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ( • lrÈh$l+ô l;dj uqød kdgHfhys fldgia lsysmhla keröug

ie,eiaùu' krUk ,o fldgia weiqßka" uqød kdgHfhys

ks¾udKlre" l:d m%jD;a;sh yd ta ;=<ska ksrEms; w¾:h" iqúfYaI

pß; yd pß; úldYkh iòyd k¾;kh fhdod.ekSu " ix.S;h"

rx. jia;%dNrK" fõÈld ieris,s" wdf,dallrKh" fhdod.ekSu

ms<snò idlÉPd lsÍu'

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ( • f;dard .;a uqød kdgH fldgia lsysmhla kej; keröug i,iajd

ta ms<sn| wOHhkh fldg f;dr;=re idlÉcd lr wjYH lreKq

igyka lr.ekSug fhduq lsÍu'


• lrÈh$l+ôl;dj uqød kdgHhg miqìï jQ l;d mqj; fláfhka

,shkak'

• f;audj úldYkh iòyd k¾;k fhdodf.k we;s wdldrh úia;r

lrkak'

• lrÈh$l+ô l;dj uqød kdgHfhys oelsh yels iqúfYaI ,laIK

ms<snò fláfhka y÷kajkak'

39


ksmqK;dj 6'0 ( ri{;d j¾Okh i|yd úúO l,dx.j, iqúfYaI ,laIK úpdrhg

,la lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 6'3 ( fjk;a ixialD;shlg wh;a k¾;k iïm%odh wOHhkh lrñka

f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 6'3'1 ( l:l,s k¾;kfhys ;;= úuiuq'


bf.kqï m, 6'3'2 (

• l:l,s hkak w¾: olajhs'

• l:l,s m%p,s; m%foaY yd ta yd ne¢ iqúfYaI wdh;k kï lrhs'

• l:l,s ix.S; iïm%odh yd jdoH NdKav kï lrhs'

• fuu k¾;k iïm%odh wdyd¾h wNskfhka fmdfydi;a nj m%ldY

lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( oDYHmg" PdhdrEm" f;dr;=re m;%sldj" we.hSï m%Yakdj,sh" ld¾h

m;s%ld wxl 01


mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ((((( • 8" 9 fYa%Ksj, W.;a bka§h k¾;k iïm%odhka" m%p,s; m%foaY

ms<sn| fmr oekqu úuiSu'

• l:l,s k¾;k wx. iys; ùäfhda mghla keröug ie,eiaùu

fyda l:l,S k¾;k wjia:d iys; PdhdrEm u.ska fuu k¾;k

iïm%odh y÷kd.ekSug i,iajd (

• l:l,s jpkd¾:h

• ix.S; iïm%odh yd jdoH NdKav

• fõY ksrEmKh

• wOHdmk wdh;k

• wdyd¾H wNskfhka fmdfydi;a nj ms<sn| idlÉPd lsÍu'

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ((((( • f;dr;=re m;%sldj ,nd § ta ms<sn`o wOHkh lsÍug fhduq lrùu

yd idlÉPd lsÍu

mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3 • we.hSï m%Yakdj,sh ,nd § Bg ms<s;=re iemhSug wjia:dj ,nd

§u


idlÉPd lrk ,o lreKq yd fok ,o f;dr;=re m;s%ldj weiqßka Bg

wod< we.hSï m%Yakdj,shg ,nd § we;s ms<s;=re we.hSug ,la lrkak'

40


we.hSï m%Yakdj,sh

iqÿiq jpk fhdod ysia ;eka mqrjkak'

• l:l,s k¾;k iïm%odh olaIsK Ndr;fha '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' m%dka;fha m%Njh jqjls'

• l:l,s i|yd wOHdmk wdh;khla ìys jqfha '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' j¾Ifha § h' th '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

l,d uKav,ï kï úh'

• olaIsK Ndr;Sh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ix.S; iïm%odh u; f.dvke.=Kq l:l,sys m%Odk jdoH

NdKavh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' hs'

• fuys m%Odk .dhlhd ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' kï jk w;r wkq .dhlhd ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

kï fjhs'

f;dr;=re m;%sldj

l:l,s hkq l:d m%jD;a;shla wNskfhka yd kD;H ,S,djkaf.ka bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk oDYH

ldjHhls' l:l,s k¾;kfhys kscìu olaIsK Ndr;fhys flar< m%dka;h hs' foaj úYajdi mokï

jq fuu k¾;k iïm%odh wd.ñl mqo mqcd" .eñ kegqï yd .eñ kdgl wdY%fhka ìys jQjls'

uydlú j,a,f;da,a kdrdhka fukka úiska l:l,s k¾;k iïm%odh ks¾udKh lrk ,oafoa

flar<fha foaj ukaÈrhkays Wreulaldrhka jq plalsh¾jreka .%du foaj mqcdj, § bÈßm;a lrk ,o

plalsh¾ l+;a;= yd l+ä wdÜgï jeks .eñ kegqï yd 16 jeks ishjfia flar<fha úiq fldÜgdrlalrfha

;dïmqrï m%dfoaYSh rcq ks¾udKh l< —rdukdÜgï˜ yd le,slÜys iefudßka rcq ks¾udKh l<

ls%IaKdÜgï jeks wd.ñl .eñ kdglhkays wdNdih ,nñks' 1930 § l:l,s k¾;kh m%p,s; lsÍu

i|yd —flar< l,d uKav,ï˜ hkqfjka l:l,s W.kajk wdh;khla o msysgq jk ,§'

olaIsK Ndr;Sh l¾Kdgl ix.S;h wdNdifhka fuys ix.S;h ilia ù we;' fpkavdj iy

uoao,h m%Odk jdoH NdKav fõ' mxpjdoHï ̂ tvelal" b,;d,ï" fpx.s,ï yd l=ïnq kï iqisr& jdoH

NdKav jdokh i|yd fhdod .efka' .dhk fkdue;s j l:l,s r`. oelaúh fkdyels h' fuys

.dhlfhda fofofkls' m%Odk .dhlhd —fmdkakdks˜ jk w;r wkq .dhlhd —Ysxlsäh˜ ^isxlsä&

l:l,s wdyd¾h wNskfhka fmdfydi;a k¾;k iïm%odhls' pß;j,g wkqj b;d úÑ;%j;a

whqßka ieliqKq rx. jia;%dNrK Ndú; jk w;r Bg u .e<fmk ixlS¾K fõI ksrEmK Ndú; fjhs'

tajd ñkslal= mÉpd" l;a;S" ;dã" ldÍ" fvmamq jYfhka fjka fjka j we;' ysia m<|kd jYfhka lS%gï

^TgqKq& j¾. ;=kla o Ndú; flf¾'

l:l,s k¾;k Ys,amSyq ixjdofhys fyda .dhkfhys fkdfhfo;s' N.joa.S;dj" rdudhKh

jeks ldjH .%ka:j, tk l:d m%jD;a;s miqìï .dhkfhka bÈßm;a lrk w;r k¾;k Ys,amSyq yia;

uqød yd wNskh fhdodf.k .dhkfhys woyi kegqfuka ksrEmKh lr;s' l:l,s k¿jl=g iqLkuH

isrerla yd wjhj uekúka yiqrejd .ekSfï Yla;shla o" ri ksIam;a;shg WÑ; jq uqyqKska ye`.Sï

m%ldY lsÍfï yelshdj yd wNskh mEfï ksmqK;ajhla o ;sìh hq;= h'

41


ksmqK;dj 7'0 ( w;aoelSï weiqre lr.ksñka úúO l,dx. ks¾udKh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'1 ( kdgH .S;hlg k¾;k ks¾udKh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 7'1'1 ( fõÈld kdgH .Shg k¾;k ks¾udKh lruq'


bf.kqï m, 7'1'2 ( • f;dard.;a .S;h ms<snò idlÉPd lrhs'

• ksjerÈ kdo rgdj wkqj .S;h .dhkh lrhs'

• .S;hg WÑ; p,k fhdod .ksñka k¾;k ks¾udKh lrhs'

• ks¾udKh id¾:l lr.ekSug lKavdhfï iEu idudðlfhla

u Wmß u odhl;ajh ,nd fohs'

• iduQysl;ajh w.hñka" wka whf.a woyiaj,g .re lrhs'

• m%dix.sl k¾;k wx.hla ks¾udKh lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( Y%jH mg" fnr" ;d,ïmg weuqKqu


mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ((((( • wod< kdgH .S; fol Y%jKh lsÍug ie,eiaùu yd ta ms<snò

idlÉPd lsÍu'

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ((((( • k¾;k ks¾udKh lsÍug leu;s .S;hla f;dard .ekSu'

• f;dard .;a .S;h Y%jKh lsÍu yd .dhkh'

• .S;hg WÑ; f,i k¾;k ks¾udKh lsÍug u. fmkaùu'

mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3 ((((( • tla tla lKavdhï lrk ,o ks¾udKh bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï

lrùu'

• bÈßm;a lrk ,o k¾;k ks¾udK ms<snò woyia oelaùug

wjia:dj ie,iSu yd tajd w.h lrñka idlÉPd lsÍu'


• f;dard.;a .S;h ms<snò f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrkak'

• .S;hg wkqj lrk ,o k¾;k ks¾udK bÈßm;a lrkak'

42


weuqKqu

yksl jfrõ fld,a,fka fukak fufy jfrõ '''''''''' $$ fukak fufy jfrõ fld,a,fka kg kgd jfrõ '''''''''' $$ f;dmsg yßu jdishla kgkgd jfrõ '''''''''' $$

jefâ wudre;a ke;s ;E.s ál;a wms wf;a '''''''''' $$r;a;rkska f.jkafka ysre foúfhdhs lshkafka '''''''''' $$fukak fufy jfrõ fld,a,fka kgkgd jfrõ '''''''''' $$

f;dmsg yßu jdishla kg kgd jfrõ '''''''''' $$

yksl jfrõ fld,a,fka fukak fufy jfrõ '''''''''' $$

idÿ idÿ lsh,a,d - m%S;s f>daId lr,a,d '''''''''' $$ysre foúÿf. f.dm,af,da lkao Wäka jfr,a,d '''''''''' $$ysre foúÿf. yrla .;a;= yrla fydrd fydh,a,d '''''''''' $$f,dafl jfÜ f.dys,a,d yrla fydrd fydh,a,d '''''''''' $$ysre foúÿf. yrla .;a;= yrla fydrd fydh,a,d '''''''''' $$

jkka;f¾ fydhdmsfhda - .,a wrfò fydhdmsfhdajk l;f¾ fydhdmsfha - ñksia jdfia fydhdmsfhdal`ÿ uqÿfka" .x bjqf¾" jkka;f¾ fydhdmsfhdaysre foúÿf. f.dm,af,da wms" wmsg foúfhd n,dmsfhda '''''''''' $$rx wNrK me,`o.;a;= uyfmdf<dfõ rka jmqrkysre foúfhda n,dmsfhda '''''''''' $$yrla fydrd fidhd.kak ish¨ foúfhda msysg úfhda ''''''''''

´ '' ́ '' ́ '' ''''''''''''''''

• .%Sl kdglhla weiqßka nkaÿ, chj¾Ok Y+Íka ks¾udKh l< fnr y~wkqj¾;k kdgHfha celaika weka;kS m%uqL lKavdhu fuu .S;h.dhkh lrñka r`.;s'

fuu .sïydk .S%iau jQ ldf,awfma WoHdfka lS%vd iemd foahi ruHd jQ iekaoEjlS fïwfma WoHdfka lS%vd iemd foa

iQ¾hhd hhs neiS - pkaøhd ths ke.Sì`.= rdYS uÿ f,daf,ka yeisfrkakd $$fldals,d § mlaIs .S; /õfoa kef.awfma WoHdfka lS%vd iemd foa

• rpl ( kS;s{ pd¾,aia vhia ^úÿr kdgH kQ¾;sh&

43



ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'2 ( pß; iajNdjh m%o¾Ykh jk mßÈ wx. rpkh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 7'2'1 ( fõÈld k¾;khlg WÑ; wx. rpkhla f.dv k`.uq'


bf.kqï m, 7'2'2 ( • ir, wx. rpkh hkq l=ulaoehs úia;r lrhs'

• wx. rpkfha wjYH;dj ms<snò woyia olajhs'

• wx. rpkd wdf,amk f;darhs'

• wx. rpkd Ys,aml%u y`ÿkd.ksñka fõosld k¾;khla

iòyd wx. rpkh lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( wx. rpkd lÜg," PdhdrEm" ùäfhdamg

ls%hdldrlu ie,iqï iòyd Wmfoia (

mshjr 1 mshjr 1 mshjr 1 mshjr 1 mshjr 1 ( • wx. rpkd m%o¾Ykh jk PdhdrEm" ùäfhdamg m%o¾Ykh lsÍu'

• ir, wx. rpk ms<snò isiq woyia úuiSu'

• wx. rpkd wdf,amk øjH y`ÿkd.ekSug ie,eiaùu'

• wx. rpkd lsÍug iqÿiq mßirhla yd wjYH øjH imhd .ekSu'

^ksjerÈ wdf,dal ;;a;ajh" msßisÿ jd;dY%h yd isis,a nj" o¾mKhla"

c,h" wdf,amk øjH yd WmlrK&

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ((((( • mka;sfha isák isiqka ixLHdj wkqj l=vd lKavdhïj,g fn§u'

• ir, wx. rpkdjg WodyrK iemhSu'

• wx. rpkd øjH Ndú; lrñka fõosld k¾;khla i|yd iqÿiq

ir, wx. rpkd f.dvke.Sug fhduq lrùu'

mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3 ((((( • isiq wx. rpk ks¾udK m%o¾Ykh lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd§u'

• fiiq ks¾udK ksÍlaIKhg ,la lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd§u'

• ks¾udK ms<snò woyia yd fhdackd úuiñka isiq l%shdldrlï

w.hñka wx. rpkh ixj¾Okh lsÍu'


wjYH W;aij wjia:dj, § o isiqkag wx. rpkh lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd

§ w.hkak'

• ir, wx. rpkdjla isÿ lrk ksjerÈ mshjr iòyka lrkak'

• ir, wx. rpkdjl wjYH;dj ms<snò jdlH ;=kla ,shkak'

• wx. rpkh lsÍfuka k`Mjdg we;s m%fhdack folla ,shkak'

44



ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'2 ( pß; iajNdjh m%o¾Ykh jk mßÈ wx. rpkh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 7'2'2 ( i;a;aj pß; i|yd ir, wx. rpkhla lruq'


bf.kqï m, 7'2'3 ( • i;a;aj wx. rpkhla hkq" l=ulaoehs úia;r lrhs'

• ks¾udK ld¾hfha § wkq.ukh l< hq;= l%shd ms<sfj;a úia;r

lrhs'

• ;%sudk ,laIK u;= lsÍug j¾K .e,mSu l< hq;= nj ms<s.kshs'

• úúO l%ufõohka u.ska" i;a;aj wx. rpkd ks¾udKh l< yels

nj m%ldY lrhs'

• fiiq whf.a ks¾udK w.h lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( wx. rpk WmlrK yd øjH" PdhdrEm" ùäfhdamg


mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ((((( • wx. rpkd m%o¾Ykh jk PdhdrEm iy ùäfhda mg m%o¾Ykh

lsÍu'

• i;a;aj pß;j,g wx. rpkh lsÍu ms<snò isiq woyia úuiSu'

• i;a;aj pß;j,g wx. rpkh lsÍfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=

lreKq ms<sn| idlÉcd lsÍu'

• i;a;aj pß; wx. rpkh l%u Ys,am yd ta iòyd wjYH wdf,amk

øjH y`ÿkajd §u'

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ((((( • i;a;aj pß; i|yd wx. rpkhg WodyrK imhñka

lKavdhïj,g iqÿiq ud;Dld ,nd §u'

• o< igyka we`§ug u. fmkaùu' o< igykg wkqrEmS f,i

pß; iy yev;, Ndú;fhka wx. rpk ks¾udKh lsÍug

fhduq lrùu'

mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3 ((((( • lKavdhï jYfhka isiq ks¾udK bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd§u

• wfkl=;a ks¾udK ksÍlaIKhg ,la lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd§u'

• ñksia yd i;a;aj pß; wx. rpkj, fjkialï ms<snò

úuiSu'

• isiq l%shdldrlï w.hñka idlÉPd lr ;s%udk ,laIK u;= lsÍug

j¾K Ndú; lrk wdldrh úia;r lsÍu'


i;a;aj wx. rpkdjla ks¾udKh lsÍu iòyd wOHhkh l< hq;= uQ,sl

lreKq iòyka lrkak'

• i;a;aj pß; wx. rpkd iòyd Ndú; lrk wdf,amk øjH 02lakï lrkak

• ;%sudk nj u;= lsÍu iòyd j¾K Ndú; l< hq;= iajNdjhms<snò jdlH 02 la ,shkak'

45



ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'3 ( foaYsh k¾;k iïm%odh yd ine`È rx. jia;%dNrK wdlD;shla ks¾udKh

lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 7'3'1 ( idïm%odhsl rx. jia;%dNrK lÜg,hl wdlD;shla youq'


bf.kqï m, 7'3'2 ( • foaYSh k¾;k iïm%odhj, rx. jia;%dNrK ms<snò j y`ÿkajhs'

• ta ta we`ÿï lÜg, iòyd Ndú; wuqøjH yd j¾K ms<snò woyia

bÈßm;a lrhs'

• ukd ksudjlska hq;= rx. jia;%dNrK wdlD;shla ks¾udKh lrhs'

• ks¾udKh lrk ,o rx. jia;%dNrK wdlD;s ms<snò úpdrh

lrñka woyia bÈßm;a lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhjqï 7'3'2 ( idïm%odhsl we`ÿï lÜg,hla$ idïm%odhsl we`ÿï lÜg,j,

PdhdrEm

ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia ( fuu mdvu i|yd fmr iQodku w;HjYH fõ'

mshjr 1 mshjr 1 mshjr 1 mshjr 1 mshjr 1 • isiqka /ia lr.;a idïm%odhsl we`ÿï lÜg, we;=<;a PdhdrEm

iïm%odhka ;=kg wh;a jk fia j¾. lsÍug fhduq lrùu'

• iïm%odhka wkqj fjka lr.;a PdhdrEm weiqßka we`ÿï lÜg,

y`ÿkd.ekSug u. fmkaùu'

• idïm%odhsl we`ÿï lÜg,j, Ndú; j¾K" yev;," wuqøjH

ms<sn| úia;r lr mka;s ldurh ;=< rx. jia;%dNrK lÜg,hla

ilia lsÍfï § wuqøjH f;dard .; hq;= wdldrh ms<snò idlÉPd

lsÍu'

mshjr 2 mshjr 2 mshjr 2 mshjr 2 mshjr 2 • ks¾udKh lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk rx. jia;%dNrK lÜg,

iòyd o< igykla ks¾udKh lsÍu

• o< igyk ilia lsÍfï § kshñ; ññ m%udKh yd idïm%odhsl

,laIK wdrlaId lr.ekSug wjYH Wmfoia ,nd§u'

• rx. jia;%dNrK lÜg, wdlD;s ks¾udKhg fhduq lsÍu'

mshjr 3 mshjr 3 mshjr 3 mshjr 3 mshjr 3 • ks¾udKh lrk ,o rx. jia;%dNrK wdlD;s m%o¾Ykh lsÍu'

• ks¾udK ms<snò wkH woyia bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd §

ks¾udKhka w.hñka tajd ixj¾Okh lr.; yels wdldrh mss<snò

idlÉPd lsÍu'

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh iòyd Wmfoia (• rx. jia;% wdlD;sfha o< ie,eiaula w`Èkak'• m%o¾Ykhla i|yd rx. jia;%dNrK wdlD;shla ks¾udKh lrkak'• fiiq ks¾udK w.hñka woyia bÈßm;a lrkak'

46


ksmqK;dj 8'0 ( k¾;k l,dfjka ,efnk udkisl yd YdÍßl iajia:;dj id¾:l Èú

fmfj;la .; lsÍug bjy,a lr .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'1 ( udkisl iajia:;dj mj;ajd .ekSfï jeo.;alu úia;r lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 8'1'1 ( zk¾;kfhka uki iqjm;a lr .ksuqZ


bf.kqï m< 8'1'2 ( • udkisl iajia:;dj mj;ajd .ekSfï úêl%u bÈßm;a lrhs'

• udkisl iajia:;dj mj;ajd .ekSfï jeo.;alu ms<snò woyia olajhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( weuqKqu 1


mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ((((( • m%dix.sl k¾;k jevigykla keröug isiqkg wjia:dj ie,iSu

fyda úúO m%ix.hla krUñka isá fyda tys l%shdldÍ ù isá

fudfyd;l ye`.Sï ms<snò j u;lhg kexùu'

• k¾;khg fhda.H udkisl iQodku fuka u k¾;kfha fh§fuka

,nk udkisl iqj;dj ms<sn| úuiSu' ̂ l,d lD;shla keröfï §

fma%laIlhl= f,i wmg ±fkk udkisl ;Dma;sh" Ys,amshl= f,i

YlH;d m%o¾Ykh lrk úg ,efnk ldhsl yd udkisl iqj;dj&

fma%laIl m%;spdr ,efnk úg Ys,amshl=g ,efnk udkisl ;Dma;sh

fjk;a lsisjl=g;a fkd,efnk nj idlÉPd lsÍu'

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ((((( • udkisl iqj;dj yd k¾;k bf.kqï l%shdldrlï w;r

we;s ióm iïnkaO;dj úuiSu'

mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3mshjr 3 ((((( • iïNdjH l,dlD;Ska krUd ri ú£fuka ukd wdl,am"

ks¾udKd;aul yd úpdrd;aul Ñka;kh j¾Okh jk nj idlÉPd

lsÍu'


• udkisl iajia:;dj mss<snò ye`Èkaùula lrkak'

• udkisl iajia:;dj jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug k¾;kh bf.kSu

n,mdkafka flfia ±hs ir, jdlH follska úia;r lrkak'

47


úIh wka;¾.;h (

iajia:;dj hkak YdÍßl ;;a;aj blaujd f.dia udkisl" idudÔh yd wdOHd;añl me;slv o

we;=<;a jk ixisoaêhls' <uhl=f.a Ñka;kh" l%shdj" Ñ;a;fõ.Sh m%ldYk yd p¾hd rgd ksÍlaIKh

lrñka ,nd.kakd f;dr;=re wkqj Tyqf.a udkisl iajia:;dj ms<sn| ks.ukj,g t<ôh yels h'

udkisl jYfhka kSfrda.S <uhska ;u jhig wkql+, p¾hd m%;spdr olaj;s' hul=g ;u

ffoksl lghq;= ukd j yiqrejdf.k idudkH Ôú;hla .; l< yels kï" Tyq udkisl iajia:;dfjkaa

hqla; fõ' ta wkqj <uhl=f.a udkisl iajia:;dj ms<sn| ks.ukh l< yels h' ûÜgï y`ÿkd.;

yels wdldr fõ'&

01' <uhska yeisfrk wdldrh wkqj

02' iudch wkqj yev.eiSfï yelshdj

03' Ôú;fha úúO wjia:dj, § <uhska fhda.H f,i m%;spdr olajk wdldrh

04' ;u iujhia i.hkag N+ñld wdo¾Y iemhSu

05' jhig iß,k fm!reI j¾Okhlska hqla; ùu

06' újD; nj" úYajdijka; nj yd wd;au úYajdifhka hq;= j l%shd lssÍu

07' ;uka ms<snò Okd;aul iajdNsudkfhka hq;= j l%shd lsÍu

08' w¨;a f;dr;=re oek.ekSfï we;s Wkkaÿj

09' ;u .eg¨ yd .egqï ukd f,i yiqrejd .ekSu'

<uqkaf.a udkisl iajia:;dj, fjkialï isÿ jkafka ixlS¾K f,i <uhdf.a j¾Ok wjê

flfrys n,mdk úúO idOl fya;=fjks' fuu idOl fldgia follg fjka l< yels h'

01' cdkuh idOl fyj;a wdruh idOl

02' mdßißl idOl

cdkuh idOl hkq" <uhska ;u fouõmshkaf.ka Wreu lr.;a .=Kdx. fõ' tfia u <uqkaf.a

udkisl iajia:;dj flfrys n,mdk mßir idOl fldgia folls'

01' Ôj úoHd;aul mdrsißl idOl

02' fN!;sl mdßißl idOl

udkisl yd ldhsl ixj¾Okh iòyd wjia:dj imhd §u u.ska udkisl iqj;dj ksrdhdifhka

jeä ÈhqKq fõ' ta wkqj wkHhkaf.a Wmldrl ueÈy;a ùu wjYH <uhska" Tjqkaf.a p¾hd rgd u.ska

y`ÿkd.; yels h' ;j o tlS <uqka olajk úúO yeisÍï iòyd fya;= y`ÿkdf.k ksjerÈ u.g fhduq

lsÍug o iu;a úh hq;= h'

48


ksmqK;dj 8'0 ( k¾;k l,dfjka ,efnk udkisl yd YdÍßl iajia:;dj id¾:l Èú

fmfj;la .; lsÍug bjy,a lr .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'2 ( udkisl iajia:;dj mj;ajd .ekSug k¾;k l%shdldrlï bjy,a jk

whqre úuihs'

l%shdldrlu 8'2'1 ( zksisfia kguq' iqjfia fjfiuq'Z


bf.kqï m, 8'2'2 ( • k¾;k l%shdldrlï u.ska ,nd.;a w;aoelSï úia;r lrhs'

• udkisl iajia:;dj yd k¾;k ls%hdldrlï w;r we;s iïnkaO;dj

úia;r lrhs'

• k¾;k l,dj yeoEÍfuka ,efnk YlH;djka ms<sn`o

wjfndaOfhka hq;= j k¾;kfha fhfoa'

• k¾;k l,dj yeoEÍfï wjYH;d w.hñka woyia olajhs'

• k¾;k l,dj yeoEÍfuka ,efnk YlH;d id¾:l Èú fmfj;la

.; lsÍug bjy,a jk nj m%ldY lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( ld¾h m;s%ldj 1" mska;+r" VCD


mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1mshjr 1 ((((( • k¾;khl fh§ isák o¾Ykhla" mska;+rhla m%o¾Ykh lr" k¾;k

l%shdldrlï udkisl iajia:;dj j¾Okhg fya;= jk nj flá

-fhka idlÉPd lsÍu'

• ld¾h m;%sldj 1 lKavdhï w;r fnod §u'

• wjYH Wmfoia ,ndfoñka lKavdhï l%shdldrlfuys fhoùu'

mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2mshjr 2 ((((( • lKavdhïj,g ms<s;=re bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd§u'

• ish¨ u lKavdhï ms<s;=re bÈßm;a l< miq ,ndÿka ms<s;=re

w.h lsÍu'

• wjYH lreKq igyka lr .ekSug ie,eiaùu'


• k¾;k l,dj yeoEÍfï jeo.;alu ms<sn`o fláfhka úia;r

lrkak'

• .S;hla wkqj k¾;k ks¾udK iuQy l%shdldrlñka j¾Okh lr

.; yels l=i,;d ;=kla ,shkak'

• id¾:l Èú fmfj;la .; lsÍug k¾;k l%shdldrlï ;=<ska

,nd.; yels w;aoelSï folla ,shkak'

49


ld¾h m;%sldj 1

I Tn jvd;a m%sh lrk k¾;k l%shdldrlu kï lrkak'

k¾;kfha § wx." m%;Hx. yd Wmdx. w;r iïnkaO;dj mj;ajd .ekSfï jeo.;alu

úia;r lrkak'

II k¾;k ks¾udKhla lsÍfï § ,efnk w;aoelSï fm< .iajkak'

iunr iy hym;a udkisl is;=ú,s we;s lr.ekSug n,mE k¾;k ks¾udK l%shdlrlï

fudkjdoehs ,shkak'

III k¾;k l,dj yeoEÍfuka w;am;a lr.; yels YdÍßl l=i,;d ms<snò w.hñka flá

igykla ,shkak'

úIh wka;¾.;h

uq,sl wjYH;d

m%fõKsh ixj¾Okh

mßirh udkisl iajia:;dj mjq, ^ks¾Kdhl&

wdOHd;auh iudch

wOHdmksl mßirh

by; iòyka udkisl iqj;dj mj;ajd .ekSfï úêl%u lSmhls' fi!kao¾hd;aul mßir

idOl w;a ú¢k <uhl= fj; tajd myiqfjka <`.d lr .; yel'

01' k¾;kfha fh§u

02' úúO .dhk" jdok l:d mqj;aj,g ijka §u

03' m%dix.sl wx. keröu

04' j¾Kj;a úis;=re rx. jia;%dNrK Ndú;h

05' rx. ieris,s yd rx. NdKav ieliSu

06' úúO f;audjka wkqj rx.kh yd N+ñld ksrEmKh

fufia úfYaIfhka k¾;k úIh yodrk <uhl= fj; by; lS udkisl iajia:;dj mj;ajd

.ekSu jeo.;a wdldr lsysmhls'

01' ks¾udKd;aul l%shdldrlï iòyd bÈßm;a ùu'

02' l,d lD;s we.hSug ,la lsÍu'

03' m%dix.sl l,d wx.hka ms<snò j ksjerÈ we.hSula lsÍu'

04' bf.kqï l%shdj,sh ;=< il%sh odhl;ajh m%o¾Ykh lsÍu'

<uhdf.a udkisl mßK;sh mßirh" ffoksl bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdldrlï wkqj fjkia

fjhs' udkisl iajia:;dj mj;ajdf.k hEu iòyd k¾;k l%shdldrlï fhdod .; yels h' <uhs

ksi.fhka u m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï lsÍug leue;af;da h' hï <uhl= tfia fkdjk úg Tyq hï

udkisl jHdl+,;djlska isák nj meyeÈ,s fõ' k¾;k l%shdldrlïys fh§fï § isiqka iDcq j fyda

jl% j ;u udkisl ;;a;ajhka m%ldY lrhs'

50


k¾;k l%shdldrlï u.ska <uhd ;=< mj;sk mSä; Ñ;a;fõ. yd Yla;Ska YdÍßl j uqod yeÍu

isÿ fjhs' tu ksid k¾;kh isrer yd iïnkaO l%shdj,shla jk w;r" tlS l%shdldrlï udkisl

;;a;ajhka mj;ajd .ekSfuys ,d bjy,a jk nj meyeÈ,s fjhs'

• k¾;kh yd ne`È l%shdldrlïys p,kh" jdokh" .dhkh yd rEmKh udxi fmaYs p,kfha

§ reêrkd, moaO;sh l%uj;a ùfuka uki yd iïnkaO bkaøshkag isÿjk n,mEu'

ixp,k yeisrùfï § ufkdapd,l l%shdldß;ajh j¾Okh ùu'

k¾;k l%shdldrlï ksjerÈ j wkqms<sfj<ska mj;ajd .ekSfï § ,nk udkisl tald.%;dj'

k¾;kh yd ne`È rEmK l%shdldrlïys § udkisl wdfõok Ndj yd ye`.Sï m%ldYkhg

bv ,eîfuka is; iykYS,S ùu'

ri úkaokh udkisl iqj-iykhg fya;= ùu'

wx." m%;Hx." Wmdx. ukd md,khlska bjiSfuka hq;= j l%shd lrùfuka ufkdapd,l

l%shdldÍ;ajfha j¾Okh we;s ùu'

m%Yxidj yd we.hSu <uhd Ñ;a; Yla;sfhka hq;= Èß .ekaùulg fya;= ùu'

k¾;k ks¾udK i`oyd isÿ lrk l%shdldrlï u.ska Ñ;a;fõ.Sh .eg¨ m%ldYkhg

bv ,eîu'

iunr;dj /l.ekSug k¾;k wNHdifha § ,efnk ukd ixhuh yd bjiSfï yqrej'

k¾;k l%shdldrlï ;=<ska j¾Okh jk yelshd

• fnodyod .ekSu

• iyfhda.h

• kS;s Í;s ms<sme§u

• kdhl;ajhg .re lsÍu

• ch mrdch iuis;ska ms<s.ekSu

• bjiSu

• lemùu

• läirnj

• ;¾ldkql+, Ñka;kh

• ks¾udKYS,S Ñka;kh

• YdÍßl p,k md,kh

51


úúO iydh

lxpql ks¾udKh - rùkaø f;akqjr uy;dlÓldpd¾h"fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

mß.Kl joka iemhqu - ta'à'tia' .uf.a uy;añhtka'ví'ã'mS' l=udrisß fukúhã'iS' chfldä uy;añhcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

úúO iydh - ud,kS úl%ukdhl uy;añhfla'mS' fmf¾rd uy;dfi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

k¾;kh - nienie.lk/pdffiles/tg/s10tim136.pdf · i k¾;kh.=re ud¾f.damfoayh 10 fya%ksh ^2015 isg...

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