knee anatomy
DESCRIPTION
Knee Anatomy. Knee Joint. The most poorly constructed joint in the body. Femur has rounded distal epiphysis while proximal epiphysis of Tibia is flat. Creates a very unstable design. Comprised of four separate bones. Femur Tibia Fibula Patella. Femur and Tibia. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Knee Anatomy
Knee Joint• The most poorly constructed joint in
the body. Femur has rounded distal epiphysis while proximal epiphysis of Tibia is flat. Creates a very unstable design.
• Comprised of four separate bones.– Femur– Tibia– Fibula– Patella
Femur and Tibia• Articular cartilage
covers the ends of both the femur and the tibia.
• Medial and Lateral Condyles- found at the distal end of the Femur.
• Medial and lateral Condyles found at the proximal end of the Tibia.
Patella
• Patella tendon- attaches onto the anterior of the Tibia.
• Provides protection of Knee Joint, Patella also lifts tendons to increase leverage.
• Quadriceps tendon-attaches the Quadriceps to the patella.
Cruciate Ligaments• Major stabilizing
ligaments in the knee.• Anterior Cruciate
Ligament (ACL)-prevents the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur.
• Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) prevents knee from hyperextending
• Injuries are most often caused by hyperflexion and hyperextension of the knee or rotation at the knee.
Cruciate Ligaments• Posterior Cruciate
Ligament (PCL)-It prevents the tibia from sliding backwards under the femur.
• Injuries usually caused by Hyperextension
• These cruciate ligaments get their name for their cross over (crucifix) arrangement.
Collateral Ligament• Medial Collateral
Ligament (MCL)- connect the tibia and the femur on the medial side of the knee joint.
• A force from the lateral side could cause a tear to MCL.
• Very common injury in many contact sports.
Collateral Ligament
• Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)- connect the fibula to the femur on the lateral side of knee.
• A force from the medial side (rare) can cause a tear of the LCL.
Cartilage
• Articulate Cartilage-covers the moving parts of the knee.
• Very smooth and slippery.
• Chronic damage to articulate cartilage leads to osteoarthritis.
Cartilage • Meniscus- half moon shaped cartilage (Fibrocartilage) lying between the knee joint.
• These Menisces (Lateral/Medial) act as shock absorbers to handle pounding in the joint.
• Often prone to tearing, which may require surgery to remove fragment.
Meniscus Tear
Knee Injuries• ACL Replacement surgery.• Often requires harvesting
1/3rd of Patellar tendon or from cadaver.
• Animation• Animation 2
KNEE SURGERYArthroscopic Surgery for Torn Meniscus
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pguNCtOwzEc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8EpT3uCVWU
Checkout Animation on Arthroscopic Surgery