Knee and Thigh Anatomy

Bony AnatomyFemurLinea AsperaMedial and Lateral CondylesMedial and Lateral EpicondylesAdductor Tubercle

Bony AnatomyFemurTibiaMedial and Lateral Tibia Plateaus (Tibial CondylesIntercondylar EminenceTibial Tuberosity

Bony AnatomyFemurTibiaPatellaSesmoid BoneFibula

Knee ArticulationsTibiofemoral JointModified hinge joint2-3 degrees of freedomArticulating surfaced are not congruent

Knee ArticulationsPatellofemoral Joint5 facetsOdd facet most often affectedMovement during flexion/extensionPosition 0,20,45,60-90Medial/lateral tracking positionMedial/ Lateral RetinaculumWhy do we have this joint?

Knee ArticulationsProximal Tibiofibular Joint Syndesmosis jointMovement

Knee Secondary RestraintsTbiofemoral JointCapsuleSynovial Membrane

Knee Secondary RestraintsTbiofemoral JointCapsuleSynovial MembraneMedial Collateral Ligament (MCL)Primary medial stabilizer2 layersTightness not equal throughout ROM

Knee Secondary RestraintsTibiofemoral JointCapsuleSynovial MembraneMedial Collateral Ligament (MCL)Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)against No attachment to capsuleDeep to biceps femoris tendonCordlikePrimarily protects against

Knee Secondary RestraintsTibiofemoral JointCapsuleSynovial MembraneMedial Collateral Ligament (MCL)Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)IntracapsularCourse of ligamentPrimary functionsTwo BundlesStrain Depends on?

Knee Secondary RestraintsTibiofemoral JointCapsuleSynovial MembraneMedial Collateral Ligament (MCL)Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)IntracapsularCourse of LigamentPrimary FunctionsThree componentsMost tight at?Screw Home Mechanism

Knee Secondary RestraintsTibiofemoral JointCapsuleSynovial MembraneMedial Collateral Ligament (MCL)Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)Arcuate Ligament ComplexComposed of:Functions

Knee CartilageMenisciIntroductionWedged structuresVascular SupplyFunctionsMedial MeniscusC shapedFirm attachment to MCLLateral MeniscusSmaller, more mobileMeniscofemoral Ligament (Ligament of Wrisberg)

Knee Secondary RestraintsProximal Tibiofibular JointMore stable than distalStabilized byProximal anterior tibiofibular ligamentProximal posterior tibiofibular ligament

Primary Restraints - MusculatureAnteriorRectus FemorisVastus LateralisVastus IntermediusVastus Medialis

Primary Restraints - MusculatureAnteriorPosteriorSemimembranosusSemitendinosusBiceps femorisPopliteusPopliteal FossaFormed byStructures found within

Primary Restraints - MusculatureAnteriorPosteriorPes Anserine Muscle GroupSartoriusGracilisSemitendinosus

Primary Restraints - MusculatureAnteriorPosteriorPes Anserine Muscle GroupLateralTensor Fascia LataIliotibial Band

Other StructuresBursaPrepatellarInfrapatellarSuprapatellarOthers

Other StructuresBursaFat Pads