KNIGHT-WARE® NEUTRALIZING SUMPS

Bulletin No.NS 101G

Disposal of Acids and Corrosive Wastes with

KOCH KNIGHT NEUTRALIZING SUMPSEvery laboratory and industrial plant using corrosiveshas the difficult problem disposing of acidic liquidwastes. The selection of equipment to handle suchinstallations should be carefully considered. SinceKNIGHT-WARE® Acid Proof Chemical StonewareSumps have been used for over 80 years as premiumequipment in the actual manufacture, handling, andstorage of highly corrosive acids and chemicals, it is thelogical choice for equipment to handle such wastes.

KNIGHT-WARE® provides positive and permanentinsurance against acid and chemical attack. KNIGHT-WARE does not depend upon a glaze or coating of anykind for its acid proof qualities - it’s in the body itself".While alternative materials are available that may beresistant to some acids and corrosive chemicals, thesematerials can be readily attacked and destroyed by oth-ers. KNIGHT-WARE is universally acid and corrosionproof regardless of the concentration of the acids han-dled. The only exceptions are hydrofluoric acid andstrong caustic solutions.

Sumps constructed of plastics should be avoidedbecause most plastics are attacked by organic solventswhich are normally present in laboratory wastes.

KNIGHT-WARE has also demonstrated excellent over-all mechanical strength.

FUNCTION: The Knight Neutralizing Sumps illustrat-ed are a simple and effective means of neutralizing lab-oratory and other dilute acid wastes. Generally, theneutralized waste may be discharged into the regularsanitary sewer systems without further treatment.

OPERATION: When properly sized and maintained,Knight Neutralizing Sumps will raise the pH of the acidwaste by the chemical reaction between the calciumand magnesium carbonate content of the sump fill andthe entering acid. The pH is normally increased tobetween 4.5 to 7.0 depending upon both the type andcontent of the acid in the waste being treated. Thisrange of pH in the neutralized effluent is generallyacceptable for discharge to most sanitary sewage col-lection and disposal systems. Where local regulationsor conditions require a higher pH value, a final step maybe employed where caustic or soda ash is added auto-matically, as illustrated on Page 8. This may also berequired when mixed acid waste streams contain largeamounts of hydrofluoric acid.

NEUTRALIZING FILL: The neutralizing fill is a spe-cially selected, size-graded material. Any deviationfrom this material may cause malfunction of the sump.The initial fill is provided with the purchase of a sump.Contact Koch Knight LLC for replacement charges. A full charge of neutralizing fill is to the invert of thesump inlet.

MAINTENANCE: Periodically it is necessary toinspect the sump to add neutralizing fill and to removeany accumulated foreign material collected on top of thebed. For the average high school or college laboratory,this inspection should be done every six months unlessactual experience indicates that it should be done moreoften. State, Federal and OSHA regulations and safetyrequirements for confined work areas should beobserved when entering sumps.

VENTING: Normally, the only gas generated by thechemical reaction in the sump is carbon dioxide, whichis not toxic, corrosive, or flammable. Also, solventssuch as benzene, toluene, ether, etc. may be in the acidwaste and will collect in the top of the sump. Ventingwill allow removal of these volatile materials. A ventconnection is provided on sumps 18" and larger.Because of the necessity of compactness, it is not prac-tical to include a vent on the 12" size sump. If required,a vent may be installed on the acid waste inlet line to the12" sump.

SUMP CONNECTIONS: The sumps are providedwith KNIGHT-WARE chemical stoneware hubs for useas a caulked bell and spigot joints. A typical joints isillustrated on Page 6. The materials and instructions formaking the joints are available for each sump. Any typeof plain end pipe such as silicon cast iron, cast iron,glass, or plastic can be connected to the sump. Thestandard locations of the single inlet and outlet are onopposite sides.

COLLECTION OF WASTES: The sump is an acidneutralizer and is not intended to function as an aciddilution chamber. It is not advisable to further diminishthe acid strength of the dilute acid waste with the othernon-acid wastes prior to neutralization. Wherever fea-sible, these non-acid wastes should bypass the sump.

SELECTING SIZE AND MODEL OF SUMP: Ithas been observed that each student position or labo-ratory sink will produce, on the average, about 10 gal-lons per hour of effluent in normal school, hospital,research, and similar laboratories. This is the basis forsizing sumps for laboratory use. Where two or morestudents are assigned to a single common sink, thenumber of students is controlling in the count. Forcommercial, industrial, and similar acid disposal appli-cations, consult our Engineering Department. Refer tocapacity tables for selecting size and model of sump.Multiple units can be connected when necessary toobtain required capacity.

For mixed acid wastes containing sufficient hydrofluoricacid to cause extensive corrosive damage to KNIGHT-WARE ceramic, alternate materials of construction areavailable on special orders.

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SAMPLE SPECIFICATIONSFOR NEUTRALIZING SUMPS

Model 400 and 401 Neutralizing Sumps

Supply and install as shown on drawings Model________Style ______ Size ______ x _______Neutralizing Sump as manufactured by Koch Knight LLC,East Canton, Ohio. The sump body should be formed of adense acid-proof chemical stoneware vitrified in one piececomplete with connections and dip pipe at a minimum of2100°F with a chemical composition by weight of 63-68%SiO2, 23-28% Al2O3, and an iron content of less than 1.5%as iron in combined form with no free iron. The inlet and out-let waste bell connections are ______* bore size. The sumpshall be supplied and installed with Knight Neutralizing Fill.

OPTIONAL – Use for Extension PieceProvide and install Extension Piece made of chemicalstoneware ceramic to permit ground or floor level entranceof _________extension piece cover elevation and_________ sump inlet centerline elevation. Cover onExtension Piece shall not end up flush with finish grade.

For Model 506 – 600 Neutralizing SumpsSupply and install as shown on drawings Model No._______ Neutralizing Sump with an ______ OD x _____ OHas manufactured by Koch Knight LLC, E Canton, Ohio. Thesump shell shall be constructed of 1/4" plate non-code mildcarbon steel prepared suitable for rubber type linings with allwelds double butt, continuous full welded, non-porous, andground smooth and having no crevices, offsets or sharpedges. The bottom and side walls shall be lined with 1/4"thermoplastic sheet lining fused directly to white metalsandblasted and primed steel surface and covered with achemical stoneware acid-proof ceramic lining ____ (a)_____ thick laid in PERMANITE® Acid and Alkali ProofMortar. The ____ (b) ______ bore inlet and outlet bellsleeves and dip pipe shall be made of chemical gradestoneware ceramic. The exterior of the steel shall be pro-tected with a 45 mil minimum #250 PYROFLEX® Coatingapplied to a sandblasted steel surface. The sump shall besupplied and installed with Knight Neutralizing Fill.

(a) Model 506 – 600 (b) Model 506 – 520 - 4"530 – 550 - 6"560 – 580 - 8"590 – 600 - 10"

OPTIONAL – Use for Manhole ExtensionProvide and install 28" ID manhole extension constructed ofcarbon steel shell with an interior corrosion-resistant coatingand an exterior 45 mil minimum #250 PYROFLEX® Coatingto permit either ground or floor level entrance at ______ manhole extension cover elevation and ______ sump inletcenterline elevation (Model 506 only).

OPTIONAL – Use for Entrance ManwayProvide and install a 42" ID Entrance Manway constructedof carbon steel shell with an interior corrosion-resistant coat-ing and an exterior #250 PYROFLEX® Coating completewith grade elevation cast iron frame and lid to permit eitherground or floor level entrance at _____ grade elevation and ______sump inlet centerline elevation. (Models 508-600 only).

SOME KOCH KNIGHT NEUTRALIZING SUMP

INSTALLATIONS IN ACID WASTE SYSTEMS

Chemical LaboratoriesSchoolsUniversitiesHospitalsResearch InstitutesTestingIndustrialPharmaceutical

PhotoengravingNewspapersPublishing Houses

Battery AcidAuto Service Centers

Metal CleaningElectronicsMetal Finishing

Film ProcessingPlating wastes may not be discharged to san-itary sewer because the metallic salts ofchrome, nickel, copper, etc. are generallytoxic and interfere with sewage treatment.Koch Knight LLC designs and manufacturesConcentrators for recovery of plating solu-tions from rinse waters.

Access for Maintenance

Continuing proper operation of a sumprequires periodic addition of neutralizingfill material and eventual removal of itsunreacted residue. Sufficient spaces houldbe allowed above and around the sump orextension cover for its removal, visualinspection and for the addition of fill mate-rial when required.

A sump cover should NOT be placed atfloor level where it is subject to traffic. Aseparate metal manhole frame and coveris recommended for access to below gradesump installations. See Page 5.

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ACCESSORIES AND OPTIONS

INTERCEPTORS

It has been observed many times thatcertain laboratories, especially thosein hospitals and medical research,generate lab waste streams oftenincluding lighter-than-water solidswhich settle on top of the neutralizingfill in the sump and accumulate there.If sump inspections are too infre-quent, percolation of the waste acidstream through the sump can becomevery sluggish or, in extreme cases,can be stopped completely!

Other objectionable contaminants inwaste acid streams are oils andwaxes, both of which tend to coat theindividual chunks of neutralizing fill.When this occurs, the stone is pro-tected from acid attack and no furtherneutralization can take place. Theneutralizing fill must then be removed,discarded, and replaced with a freshneutralizing fill.

Such plugging and fouling of the neu-tralizing fill can effectively be prevent-ed by installing an acid-proof inter-ceptor upstream. Functionally, itbecomes a stilling chamber fromwhose liquid surface the lighter-than-water contaminants can very easilybe removed.

Model 401B (shown) would be con-sidered adequate in volume of pre-cede the 24" x 36" size sump andpossibly the 30" x 57" size. As arough guide to interceptor sizing,each neutralizing fill charged sumpshould be preceded by the next small-er size interceptor. Of course, theneutralizing fill is omitted from thesump used as an interceptor. Models506 and 508 are good choices asinterceptors to precede the 500Series sumps.

CAULKING PACK

The sectional view of a KNIGHT-WARE® Bell and Spigot Joint showsthe approved connection of pipe to aKnight Neutralizing Sump.

FACTORY-INSTALLEDREDUCERS

All sumps 18" x 24" and 24" x 36" aremade with nominal 4" size hubs forcaulked inlet and outlet connections,and 3" size vent. Similarly, the 30" x57" sump provides 4" size hubs forinlet, outlet, and vent connections.The 36" x 70" sump provides a 4" ventand 6" inlet and outlet.

When the pipe being used is smallerthan the sump hub size, factory-installed reducers can be provided.

NEUTRALIZING FILL

The neutralizing fill is specially select-ed, size graded material. Any devia-tion from this material may cause mal-function of the sump. The initialcharge is provided with the purchaseof the sump. Contact Koch KnightLLC for replacement charges. A fullcharge of neutralizing fill is to theinvert of the sump inlet. Fill is pack-aged in 50 lb. Bags.

SUMP INTERCEPTOR COMBINATION

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MODEL 400 & 401KNIGHT-WARE® Monolithic Chemical Stoneware SumpsGENERAL NOTES:CONSTRUCTIONUsing a very stiff clay mix, these ceramic shells, completewith connections and dip pipe, are formed in one piece,carefully dried, then vitrified at a kiln temperature inexcess of 2100°F. The end product is a dense acid-proofstoneware vessel, completely joint-free and inert to allchemicals except hydrofluoric acid and hot concentratedcaustic.

FOUNDATIONThe 400 and 401 Series ceramic sumps should be beddedin a thin layer of sand or fresh stone-free grout on firmbase. Avoid possibility of point bearings such as pebbles,rocks, or hard debris under bottom. When filled with neu-tralizing fill and water, the larger sumps involve consider-able weight. Provide even load bearing when using beamsupports; possibly using thin grout or roofing paper insu-lation.

MODEL 401LOW CAPACITY

1-20 Student StationsCover Style B – KNIGHT-WARE Flat-bolted Cover

(12 x 12 only)BR– RESIBOND® Clamped Cover

Cover for top inlet-side outlet (12x12 only)

APPLICATION: Size 12" x 12" is suitable for installingin a laboratory cabinet under a sink. The Style BT may beconnected to the sink drain without the need of an elbow.The sump may also serve as a trap when used with a sin-gle or two adjacent sinks. Sizes 18" x 24" and 24" x 36"sumps are installed to receive the waste from a collectionsystem from a series of laboratory sinks. They are gener-ally located in the building basement area or undergroundoutside the building. If an extension is required to reachgrade level for entrance to sump see Page 5.

MODEL 400MEDIUM CAPACITY

21 – 70 Student StationsCover Style CR – RESIBOND® Clamped Cover

APPLICATIONThese sumps are installed to receive the dilute acidwastes from a collection system from a series of laborato-ry sinks. They are generally located in a building base-ment area or underground outside the building. If anextension is required to reach grade level for entrance tosump, see Page 5.

Size Approximate Neutralizing StudentA B C D E F G H J Od Ship Weight Fill Stations

18 X 24 17 251/2 271/2 203/4 21/4 4 233/4 21 300 lbs. 200 lbs. 2 to 6

24 X 36 28 371/2 391/2 281/2 21/2 4 313/4 27

Size Approximate Neutralizing StudentA B C D E F G H J Od Ship Weight Fill Stations

30 X 57 24 461/2 491/2 581/2 601/2 273/4 4 33 1,200 lbs. 1,700 lbs. 21 to 40

36 X 70 30 59 62 713/4 74 331/2 6 391/2 2,300 lbs. 3,200 lbs. 41 to 70

Size Approximate Neutralizing StudentA B C D E F G Od Ship Weight Fill Stations

12 X 12 8 13 151/2 2 111/4 14 80 lbs. 50 lbs. 112 X 12 8 13 141/4 2 16 14 80 lbs. 50 lbs. 1

401BT

401B

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MODELS506thru 600LARGE CAPACITY60 – 1000 Student Stations

CONSTRUCTION OF SHELL is 1/4" mild carbonsteel, factory lined with a 1/4" thick thermoplastic sheet liningfused directly to the sandblasted and primed steel surface, cov-ered with a factory-installed KNIGHT-WARE® stoneware lining.

COVER: RESIBOND® removable cover (except Model 506 MX).

APPLICATION: These sumps are installed to receive thedilute acid wastes from a collection system or a series of labo-ratory sinks. They are generally located in the building base-ment or outside buried underground. If an extension is requiredto reach grade level, see Page 5.

FOUNDATION: The 506 – 600 Series steel shell ceramiclined sumps may be installed directly on a concrete pad. Itshould be large enough and adequately reinforced to supportsump and contents without settling.

SumpModel

No.

506508510515520

530540550

560570580

590600

ShippingWeight

lbs.

31,003,5003,9005,1005,900

7,4009,10010,600

11,90012,70014,200

15,40017,600

A x BO.D x Height

40 x 8146 x 8148 x 8754 x 9960 x 99

72 x 9982 x 10292 x 102

96 x 107102 x 108108 x 109

114 x 111114 x 119

NeutralizingFill lbs

2,7003,6004,5007,0009,00013,50018,00023,000

27,00032,00036,000

40,00045,000

Cu.Ft.

2736457090135180230

270320360

400450

Gallons

200270335525675

1,0201,3501,720

2,0202,4002,700

3,0003,370

MaximumEffluentgal./hr.

600800

1,0001,5002,0003,0004,0005,000

6,0007,0008,000

9,00010,000

MaximumStudentStation

6080100150200300400500

600700800

9001,000

C DInlet & Outlet

4

6

8

10

DIMMENSIONS-Inches CAPACITIES (to invert of inlet)

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EXTENSIONS INSTALLATIONS

Extension pieces provide access when a sump is installed below grade.When an extension is added, the RESIBOND® Cover is omitted and a castiron frame and cover will be required.

For Models 400 and 401, the extension pieces are construct-ed of KNIGHT-WARE®. The extension is connected to the sump with acaulked bell and spigot joint. Standard one-piece extensions are limitedto a minimum of 12" and a maximum of 36". Multiple extensions may beused when required. Single extensions are illustrated on this page.

For Model 506, a "Manhole Extension" is available. It is constructed of mild carbon steel lined with a corrosion-resistant coat-ing. This style extension piece is joined to the sump with a caulked con-nection. Entrance to both the sump and extension is through a conven-tional cast iron frame and cover. The maximum length of the "manholeextension" is 24".

For Models 508 through 600, service access can be provid-ed via the "Entrance Manway", regardless of depth. It is alsoconstructed of mile carbon steel and coated with corrosion-resistant coat-ing on the interior. This style extension is caulked to the sump top to pro-vide a groundwater-tight joint. It is available in 42" ID and length asrequired. Entrance to the sump is through the standard 24" round man-hole in the sump cover and entrance to the extension is through a con-ventional cast iron frame and cover.

KNIGHT-WARE is the trade-name for the chem-ical stoneware manufactured by Koch KnightLLC. This material is resistant to corrosiveattack throughout the body, not just the surface,making it ideal for neutralizing sumps.Hundreds of Knight sump installations havebeen online for years without major repair. Thislength of service is an important consideration inthe choice of product. Each unit is made byskilled craftsmen who build to the exacting spec-ifications of Koch Knight engineers. This combi-nation of specialized engineering and qualityworkmanship assures that each Knight sumpwill provide the desired durability.

Knight Neutralizing Sumps are designed tolast the life of the building.

* NOTE: Cast iron manhole cover can be furnished by Koch Knight at an additional charge.

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A member of the Koch Chemical Technology Group LLC

PO Box 30070E Canton, OH 44730Phone:330/488 1651

Fax:330/488 1656

www.kochknight.com

Note: "The information in this bulletin is believed to be accurate and reliablebut is not to be construed as implying any warranty or guarantee of performance"

KOCH-KNIGHT TWO-STAGEACID WASTE NEUTRALIZATION SYSTEM