Know your Dude

IMRAN S. MALIK

What is Personality?

Sixteen Primary

Traits

Personality Types

Personality Types

What Are Emotions?

MoodsMoodsFeelings that tend to be Feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual and that lack a contextual stimulus.stimulus.

MoodsMoodsFeelings that tend to be Feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual and that lack a contextual stimulus.stimulus.

EmotionsEmotionsIntense feelings that are Intense feelings that are directed at someone or directed at someone or something.something.

EmotionsEmotionsIntense feelings that are Intense feelings that are directed at someone or directed at someone or something.something.

AffectAffectA broad range of emotions that people A broad range of emotions that people

experience.experience.

AffectAffectA broad range of emotions that people A broad range of emotions that people

experience.experience.

Felt versus Displayed Emotions

Ability

Attitudes

Attitudes in everyday life

Attitude structure

Attitudes consist of three related components:

1. An emotional component consisting of emotional reactions toward, or feelings about the attitude object.

2. A cognitive component consisting of thoughts and beliefs about the attitude object.

3. A behavioural component consisting of actions toward the attitude object.

Attitude functionAttitudes will fluctuate in order to serve our current

needs.Four major functions

1. Utilitarian function- Helps person to achieve rewards and gain approval from others

2. Knowledge function- Attitudes can be used as a “frame of reference” for organizing the world so that it makes sense (Katz, 1960).- For example, we perceive knowledge that contradicts our views with suspicion, thus forming a negative impression of that source of information

Attitude function

3. Ego-defensive function- Helps to cope with emotional conflicts and protect and enhance one’s self-esteem.

- E.g., one’s job not going well, can blame colleagues or his boss, this negative orientation towards the people he or she blames protects one from acknowledging painful truths.

4. Value-expressive function- Help to express central values and core aspects of self-concept.- For example, if you are a person who firmly believes in fair treatment and equality towards others, you’ll most likely have a positive attitude towards particular political parties and a negative attitude towards others.

• Attitudes are evaluations

• Attitudes guide people’s behaviours… sometimes

• Attitudes can change … – but the same technique won’t work the

same way for all people all of the time

Attitudes + Behaviour

• Research using more complete models have provided a better account of the attitude behaviour relationship:

• Attitudes are related to behaviours – but not directly.

• Attitudes affect behaviour - in combination with norms, control beliefs, and intentions.

• In addition to being a theoretical improvement, this approach has also proven to be very practical.

CONFLICT

Conflict is the emotional disturbance or disagreement resulting from a clash of opposing points of view. There are many causes for conflict.

Causes of Conflict

• Personality differences

• Value differences

• Differences in Perspectives

• Differences in Goals

• Differences in Departmental Allegiance

• Ambiguities about responsibilities

Resolving the Conflicts

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COOPERATIVENESS

Competing

Accommodating

Collaborating

Avoiding

COMPROMISING

Five Strategies to Conflict Resolution

• Competition: when immediate, decisive action is needed, issues are imperative and unpopular

• Collaboration: when need to find an integrative solution, objective is to learn or combine knowledge from people with different perspectives

• Avoidance: when issue is insignificant, to let others cool down and regain perspective

• Accommodation: when issues are more important to others, build social support for later

• Compromise: opponent team members are committed to different means to similar end, arrive at an expedient solution under time pressure

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Personality Types

• Extroverted or Introverted (E or I)

• Sensing or Intuitive (S or N)

• Thinking or Feeling (T or F)

• Perceiving or Judging (P or J)

Personality Types

• Extroverted or Introverted (E or I)

• Sensing or Intuitive (S or N)

• Thinking or Feeling (T or F)

• Perceiving or Judging (P or J)

Personality Type

Myers-Briggs Test Indicator (MBTI)

• Based on Carl Jung’s Work• Distinguishes four different personality types

Extraverted vs. Introverted

• Extraverted: (E) – Energy gained from surroundings, directed

outward– Acts first, reflects later– More talkative, expressive– Like to be around people, social– Motivated by environment (people, things)

• Introverted: (I)– Gain energy internally, directed inward– Quiet energy, thoughtful, perceptive– Reserved, private, cautious– Think before they act– Are more comfortable spending time alone -

recharge

Sensory vs. Intuition• Sensory: (S)

– Facts, details, and realities– Lives in the Present– Memory recall rich in details and past experiences– Have straightforward speech - Are more realistic – Want clear and concrete information

• Intuition: (N)– Seek understanding in patterns, context,

connections and theory– Are more future oriented– Admire creativity, imaginative – see possibilities– Focus on ideas & the big picture– Comfortable with ambiguous, roundabout

thoughts

Thinking vs. Feeling• Thinking

– Search for facts and logic to make decision– Objective, Direct– Analytical and systematic– Naturally critical– Motivated by achievement

• Feeling– Employ personal feelings and impact on

others to make decision– Warm & friendly– Sensitive & diplomatic– Try hard to please others– Are motivated by being appreciated

Judgment vs. Perception• Judgment

– Are serious and formal– Are time conscious– Like to make plans– Work first, play later– Like to finish project best

• Perception– Playful & casual– Unaware of time or date– Like to wait-and-see– Play first, work later– Like to start project best

What is your MBTI?

• ISTJ• ISFJ• INFJ• INTJ• ISTP• ISFP• INFP• INTP

ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ

Extraverted(E) / Introverted (I)

Sensing (S) / Intuitive (N)

Thinking (T) / Feeling (F)

Judging (J) / Perceiving (P)