KNOWING

ORCHIDS

CULTIVATION

(Species, propagation

& planting)

POTENTIAL OF INDONESIAN RESOURCE

• Beautiful landscape

• Fertile soil

• Expected of climate

INDONESIA AS A MEGABIODIVERSITY COUNTRY

• Indonesia has about 4000 orchids species is distributed in many islands.

• Kalimantan & Sumatera have about 986 orchids species and Java has the ones more than 971 species.

• Maluku has about 123 species.• Irian jaya has about more than 1000 species

(Dendrobium and Bulbophyllum)

• Growing at elevations from sea level up to 3000 meters and temperature between up 8,7 °C to 32°C.

• They are found on branches of trees at in tropical rain forests.

CARACTER OF ORCHIDS DISTRIBUTED

• Cosmopolite orchid ; distributing caracter of orchids in whole Indonesian land (Dendrobium crumenatum, Spathoglottis plicata).

• Endemic orchid ; distributing caracter of orchids in specific places.

Phalaenopsis javanica grows in west Java, Cymbidium hartinahianum is found in North Sumatera, Vanda celebica is found in Sulawesi only.

TAXONOMY

• Phyllum : Spermatophyta• Class : Angiospermae• Subclass : Monocotyledoneae• Ordo : Gynandrae• Family : Orchidaceae

ORCHIDS CARACTERISTIC

• Foliage shape• Flower consist of ;

- Sepal

- Petal

- Column

- Labellum• Fruits• Seeds

FIGURE

ORCHID

SHAPE

CARACTERISTIC OF ORCHIDS GROWS

• Epiphyte; type of plant which grows on another

but isn’t a parasite & deriver its own

nutrients from the air, rain, etc.• Saprophyte; (plant) any organism living on

decaying or putrefied matter.• Terrestrial; (plant) living & growing on land• Lithotrof; type of plant which grows above stone.

GROWTH STRUCTURE IN ORCHID

• Monopodial orchids such as Aerides, Phalaenopsis & Vanda have main stems which grow constantly.

• Sympodial orchids, such as Bulbophyllum and Dendrobium have a main stem, or pseudobulb, which is produced annually and matures at the end of each growing season, often culminating with flowering.

Simpodial orchid Monopodial orchid

ORCHIDS GENUS IN INDONESIA

• Such as; DENDROBIUM, BULBOPYLLUM, COELOGYNE, CYMBIDIUM, GRAMMATOPHYLUM, PHALAENOPSIS,

RENANTHERA, VANDA, AERIDES, RYNCOSTYLIS, PAPHIOPEDILUM, ERIA.

• DENDROBIUM THE GREATES OF GENUS, ABOUT 1800.

• ABOUT 900 GENUS ARE FOUND IN INDONESIA

Aerides odorata

• About 20 species belong to this genus of monopodial epiphytes.

• Aerides odorata is variable

in colour, from deep pink

to pure white.

Bulbophyllum biflorum_yellow

• Over 2000 named species

are included in this cosmopolitan

genus, with flowers that come

in all shapes, sizes and colour.• Most of these sympodial plants grow

and lithophytes as epiphytes.

Cymbidium bicolor

• Most of the species are terrestrial,

with upright flower spikes bearing

blooms in many colour.• In the lowlands, most cymbidium take

to the trees as epiphytes, growing in

high light.

Dendrobium

• An amazing diversity of plant habit,

flower form & colour is found in

this large genus.• Quite a number of species produce

new plants off the older pseudobulbs.

these are called aerials or “keikis”

a Hawaiian word which means baby.

Phalaenopsis amabilis

• Most people would be familiar

with Phalaenopsis, known as the

“Moth Orchids”.• Many hybrids have been produced

from the 50 or so wild species.• Most of these white hybrids have been derived

from the magnificent “White Moth Orchid”,

Phalaenopsis amabilis.

Paphiopedilum

• The “Slipper Orchids” have long been

highly prized in horticulture.• Some species are terrestrial, growing

through the leaf litter on the forest

floor, others are lithophytes which

show a preference for limestone cliffs,

while a number are epiphytes, & live in the major

forks of suitable trees.• Most of the species produce a single flower.

Vanda tricolor

• Vanda tricolor is a distinctive common

species, found on rocks or trees on

the fringes of lowland forest in Java.• It has perfumed flowers.• Monopodial plants grow

and as epiphytes.

GROWTH CONDITION

• Light, humidity, temperature.

Kind of orchids Light absorbtion• Arachnis 100• Renathera 100• Vanda daun 40 - 50• Cattleya 20 - 30• Dendrobium 40 - 50• Phalaenopsis 10 - 30• Paphiopedilum daun bintik 10 - 30• Paphiopedilum daun hijau 5 - 20• Aerides 20 - 40

TEMPERATURE

Kind of orchids Normal Temperature (°C)• Cattleya 20• Cymbidium 25• Dendrobium 25• Paphiopedilum 20• Phalaenopsis 21• Vanda 30

GENERATIF PROPAGATION

• Generatif

Pollination parent

male female

PREPARING INOCULATION CONSIST OF :

1. To provide a prominent seed.

2. To provide bottle, led & autoclve

3. Nutrient and equipment

e.1. Knudson C. Bahan Kebutuhan (g/ l) pH media

Ca (NO3)2H2O 1 KH2PO4 0,25 MgSO4 7H2O 0,25

Bbrp jenis anggek membutuhkan pH 5,2

(NH4)2SO4 0,25 Sukrose 20 FeSO4 4H2O 0,25

Phalaenopsis membutuhkan pH 5,5

MnSO4 0,0075 Agar-agar 15-17,5 Aquadest 1000 ml

e.2. Vacin & Went Bahan Kebutuhan (g/ l) pH media

Ca3(PO4)2 0,2 KH2PO4 0,25 MgSO4 7H2O 0,25

Pada umumnya digunakan pH 5,7-5,8

(NH4)2SO4 0,5 MnSO4.4H2O 0,0075 KNO3 0,525 Fe2(C4H4O6)3 atau Fe-chelate

0,028 0,057

Air kelapa 150 ml Sukrose 20 Agar-agar 7 Aquadest 850 ml

e.3. Resep Chang Bahan Kebutuhan (g/ l) pH media

Fish emulsion 1,5 sendok teh Pepton 1 sendok the

Dendro, Vanda, Arachnis 5-5,2

Gula pasir 5,5 Agar-agar 15

Phalaenopsis 6,8

Aquadest 1000 ml

How to inoculate ?

a. To sterilize into capurite solution,

about 10 minutes.

b. To remove into aquadest.

c. To inoculate into medium

(spread)

VEGETATIF PROPAGATION BY TISSUE CULTURE

• Requirements ;

a. Prominent explant

b. Appropriate of medium

c. Circumtance• Tissue culture rooms consist of;

a. Preparation room

b. Inoculation room

c. Incubation room

FIGURE INOCULATION ROOM

Sterilization

• To keep expant into 20% clorox solution, about 5 minutes, 10 % clorox solution about 5 minutes and

to rinse by aquadest.

Inoculation

• To provide sterile explant with less size and one

bud.

Incubation and Multiplication

• Explant is shaked on 100-200 rpm (shaker) in the long

periode, room temperature.

• Subculture

Removed explant into new medium.

PIGURE INCUBATION ROOM

ACCLIMATIZATION

VEGETATIF PROPAGATION

ORCHIDS PLANTING

1. To remove planlet in community pot

(in 9-12 months after innoculation).

- Dendrobium seedling better to control of light &

humidity.

- Each pot contains about

up 25 to 30 plants.

2. Terrestrial type using medium composition involve;

• Sand, soil, brick, manure, compost.

3. Vanda terres, its able to plant into earth.

4. Seedling is planted in large community (pot).

5. Removing explant up community pot to single pot.

- How to remove ?

- To prepare medium, consist of moss, brick,etc

6. Repotting. Why to repot?

- need a larger medium

- need much nutrients

Figure Single pot

• Each pot has one plant which

plant after about 4-6 months

in community pot.

PLANTING (in pot)

• Using in high quality pot.• Using stick to strengthen.• Using brick, moss, etc.

HOW TO PLANT;- To conbine a stick & pot.- To mix medium composition.

(brick) less than half pot.- To put plantlet on above medium.- To add moss later.

IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT ;

• Stem can’t be covered by medium.• Might be planted monopodial type in centre pot.• Different to monopodial, sympodial type need to

close part of pot.

ORCHID MAINTENANCE

• Watering; (to note)

- Kind of water and pH level (5,6 – 6,0)

- Medium, humidity, temperatur, pot type, species of

orchids, phase of growth.

• Fertilizer application

• How to apply ?

-Spread, by watering, spraying.

Pemupukan Kebutuhan unsur Umur anggrek

N P K Seedling 60 30 10 Mid-size 30 30 30 Flowering-size 10 60 10

PLANT PROTECTION BY CONTROLING PEST AND DISEASE

• Pest; acarina, red spider, ant.• Insecticide; diazenon, malathion, sumithion 1-3 cc/

liter water.• Disease; leaf spot, soft-rot, physiology disease.• Fungicide; teresan 3 g/ liter water, captan 2 g/ liter

water, cuproxychloride 5 g/ liter water.