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Science

English

French

HistoryGeography Hegarty

MathsModern Britain

QUESTIONS STEMSUse these to help you set your own questions. Try to use some from each section.

Simple Question Stems - recognising and recallingWhere is it? Describe what happens when?

What is? How would you define?

When did it happen? How would you recognise?

How is? Which one?

Why did? Explain what is meant by?

More complex questionsIdentify the pros and cons of What do you think about?

What would be the result of? Which is the most important factor?

What explanation can you give for What could you suggest about?

What is the problem with? What would happen if?

What can you point out about? What is the most important reason why

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Contents PageSubject PageEnglish 2 - 3Maths 4 - 7Science Biology 8 Chemistry 9 Physics 10French 11 - 13Geography 14 - 15History 16 - 19

Options Art & Design 20 - 21 Business 22 - 23 Computer Science 24 - 25 Dance 26 - 27 Drama 28 - 29 IT 30 - 31 Media 32 - 33 Music 34 - 35 Photography 36 - 37 Sociology 38 - 39 Sport 40 - 41

2

A Po

ison

Tre

e by

Will

iam

Bla

keTh

emes

: Ang

er /

Rese

ntm

ent /

Ven

gean

ceTh

e De

stru

ctio

n of

Sen

nach

erib

by

Lord

Byr

onTh

emes

: Pow

er o

f God

/ D

eath

/ W

arEx

trac

t fr

om T

he P

relu

de b

y W

illia

m W

ords

wor

th

Them

es: P

ower

of N

atur

e, F

ear,

Child

hood

Cont

ent

- Poe

m a

bout

re

pres

sing

ang

er. T

he s

peak

er

fails

to c

omm

unic

ate

so a

nger

co

ntin

ues

to g

row

unt

il it

deve

lops

into

poi

sono

us h

atre

d.

Cont

ext

- Thi

s po

em is

take

n fr

om a

larg

er c

olle

ctio

n ca

lled

Song

s of

Exp

erie

nce.

Bla

ke

expl

ored

mor

als

and

corr

uptio

n

Cont

ent

- The

poe

m r

etel

ls a

Bi

blic

al s

tory

from

the

Old

Te

stam

ent w

here

God

des

troy

s th

e As

syri

an a

rmy

for

thei

r at

tack

on

Jeru

sale

m.

Cont

ext

- Wri

tten

in 1

815.

By

ron

was

a R

oman

tic p

oet.

Byro

n w

as in

tere

sted

in li

bert

y an

d fr

eedo

m.

Cont

ent

- Poe

m n

arra

ting

the

expe

rien

ce o

f ste

alin

g a

boat

an

d fe

elin

g af

raid

of t

he p

ower

of

nat

ure.

Cont

ext

- Wor

dsw

orth

was

a

Rom

antic

poe

t. Th

ey w

ere

inte

rest

ed in

em

otio

n an

d th

e po

wer

of n

atur

e.

Lang

uage

- : ‘

’gro

w’ /

‘app

le’ -

al

lusi

on to

Ada

m a

nd E

ve -

sugg

estin

g ev

il an

d co

rrup

tion.

Form

and

Str

uctu

re -

per

sona

l ac

coun

t - ‘f

rien

d’ /

‘foe’

: ‘b

righ

t’ /

‘nig

ht’ c

reat

ing

cont

rast

s.

Lang

uage

- ar

chai

c / B

iblic

al

synt

ax /

sim

ile -

‘like

the

wol

f’ su

gges

ts a

hun

t/pr

edat

or

Form

and

Str

uctu

re -

qu

atra

ins

/ rep

etiti

on o

f ‘an

d’ /

chro

nolo

gica

l ord

er

Lang

uage

- ‘(l

ed b

y he

r)’:

‘her

’ na

ture

per

soni

fied

- sho

ws

his

love

for

natu

re.

Form

and

Str

uctu

re -

Firs

t pe

rson

nar

rativ

e –

crea

tes

a se

nse

that

it is

a p

erso

nal p

oem

.

The

Man

He

Kille

d by

Tho

mas

Har

dyTh

emes

: Con

flict

, Reg

ret,

Hum

anity

, Fut

ility

of W

arCh

arge

of t

he L

ight

Bri

gade

by

Alf

red,

Lor

d Te

nnys

onTh

emes

: Con

flict

, Suff

erin

g, R

ealit

y of

War

, Pat

riot

ism

Expo

sure

by

Wilf

red

Ow

en

Them

es: C

onfli

ct, S

uffer

ing,

Nat

ure,

Rea

lity

of W

ar

Cont

ent

- PO

V of

an

ordi

nary

w

orki

ng-c

lass

sol

dier

, refl

ects

on

the

sim

ilari

ty b

etw

een

him

an

d th

e ‘e

nem

y’.

Cont

ext

- The

Man

He

Kille

d w

as

wri

tten

in 1

902,

at t

he ti

me

of

the

2nd

Boer

War

in S

outh

Af

rica

. Har

dy o

ppos

ed it

.

Cont

ent

- Des

crib

es a

cav

alry

ch

arge

into

a lo

ng v

alle

y. It

is a

ce

lebr

atio

n of

the

men

’s co

urag

e an

d Pa

trio

tism

.

Cont

ext

- Pub

lishe

d si

x w

eeks

af

ter

a di

sast

rous

bat

tle a

gain

st

the

Russ

ians

in th

e (u

npop

ular

) Cr

imea

n W

ar.

Cont

ent

- Spe

aker

des

crib

es

war

as

a ba

ttle

aga

inst

the

wea

ther

and

mud

- a

confl

ict

betw

een

man

and

nat

ure.

Cont

ext

- O

wen

was

a s

oldi

er

and

died

in W

W1.

Of h

is w

ork,

O

wen

sai

d: “M

y th

eme

is w

ar

and

the

pity

of w

ar”.

Lang

uage

- H

e’, ‘

I’, ‘W

e’ -

inte

rcha

nge

of p

rono

uns

impl

ies

chan

ge in

rel

atio

nshi

p -

refle

ctiv

e th

ough

ts o

f spe

aker

.

Form

and

Str

uctu

re -

Stor

y ba

sed

narr

ativ

e, e

nds

with

a

form

of r

ealis

atio

n - h

esita

tion

and

emot

ions

.

Lang

uage

- ‘ja

ws

of D

eath

” and

“m

outh

of H

ell”:

met

apho

r pr

esen

ts w

ar a

s an

ani

mal

that

co

nsum

es it

s vi

ctim

s.

Form

and

Str

uctu

re -

Thi

s is

a

balla

d, a

form

of p

oetr

y to

re

mem

ber

hist

oric

al e

vent

s -

we

shou

ld r

emem

ber

them

.

Lang

uage

- ‘R

epet

ition

of

pron

ouns

‘we’

and

‘our

’ –

conv

eys

toge

ther

ness

and

co

llect

ive

suff

erin

g of

sol

dier

s.

Form

and

Str

uctu

re R

epet

ition

of

“but

not

hing

hap

pens

” cr

eate

s ci

rcul

ar s

truc

ture

of

neve

r en

ding

suff

erin

g.

Cous

in K

ate

by C

hris

tina

Ros

sett

iTh

emes

: Ine

qual

ity /

Gen

der

/ Pat

riar

chy

Belfa

st C

onfe

tti b

y Ci

aran

Car

son

Them

es: W

ar, C

onfli

ct, C

onfu

sion

, Civ

ilian

Per

spec

tive

War

Pho

togr

aphe

r by

Caro

le S

atya

mur

tiTh

emes

: War

/ M

edia

/ M

oral

Con

flict

Cont

ent

- A y

oung

wom

an h

as

been

jilte

d by

her

love

r. It

is

abou

t lov

e, a

nd th

e in

equa

litie

s be

twee

n m

en a

nd w

omen

.

Cont

ext

- Vi

ctor

ian

poet

. Clo

se

links

with

the

Got

hic

and

Rom

antic

s. D

evou

t Chr

istia

n an

d Pr

oto-

Fem

inis

t.

Cont

ent

- The

title

ref

ers

to

nuts

and

bol

ts th

at w

ere

used

as

mak

eshi

ft p

roje

ctile

s du

ring

ho

stili

ties

in a

rio

t.

Cont

ext

- Set

in ‘T

he T

roub

les’

whe

n Ir

ish

natio

nalis

t ter

rori

sm

mar

ked

UK

soci

al a

nd p

oliti

cal

life

from

the

1970

s to

the

1990

s

Cont

ent

- Thi

s po

em q

uest

ions

th

e ro

le o

f the

Med

ia a

nd th

e eff

ect o

f edi

ting

on th

e m

eani

ng

of w

hat i

s de

pict

ed in

imag

ery.

Cont

ext

- Wri

tten

in 1

987

at th

e tim

e of

sev

eral

con

flict

s. T

he

poem

dra

ws

on th

e ex

peri

ence

of

mod

ern

war

fare

.

Lang

uage

- ‘c

otta

ge’ ‘

rye’

‘lik

e a

glov

e’ (o

wne

d &

eas

ily

exch

ange

d) -

wom

en a

re

com

mod

ified

.

Form

and

Str

uctu

re -

med

ieva

l ba

llad

form

and

mor

al m

essa

ge.

Lang

uage

- ‘..

.sid

e st

reet

s bl

ocke

d w

ith s

tops

and

col

ons.

’ -

met

apho

r of

pun

ctua

tion

for

obst

ruct

ions

.

Form

and

Str

uctu

re -

desc

ribe

s a

riot

sta

rtin

g an

d th

e sp

eake

r tr

ying

to e

scap

e. 2

sta

nzas

(1

st-p

ast t

ense

, 2nd

-pre

sent

)

Lang

uage

- ‘H

ell l

ike

heav

en is

un

tidy.

.” - s

imile

- su

gges

ts

desp

air

at th

e ar

bitr

ary

natu

re

of w

ar.

Form

and

Str

uctu

re -

Cyc

lical

- st

arts

with

the

fram

e - e

nds

with

th

e im

age.

Y10

Cycl

e 4

Know

ledg

e O

rgan

iser

- Co

nflic

t Po

etry

Lit

erat

ure

Pape

r 2

Sect

ion

B

3

Popp

ies

by Ja

ne W

eir

Them

es: P

ower

of N

atur

e, D

ecay

, Pri

deCa

trin

by

Gill

ian

Clar

keTh

emes

: Pa

rent

hood

, Con

flict

, Mot

hers

and

Dau

ghte

rs.

Wha

t Wer

e Th

ey L

ike?

by

Den

ise

Leve

rtov

Them

es: C

ultu

ral D

estr

uctio

n, V

ietn

am W

ar

Cont

ent

- An

alte

rnat

ive

inte

rpre

tatio

n of

bra

very

in

confl

ict -

PO

V is

the

mot

her

who

is

left

beh

ind.

Cont

ext

- Tim

e is

del

iber

atel

y am

bigu

ous

to g

ive

the

poem

a

timel

ess

rele

vanc

e to

all

mot

hers

and

fam

ilies

.

Cont

ent

- Thi

s is

an

auto

biog

raph

ical

poe

m

expl

orin

g th

e re

latio

nshi

p be

twee

n Cl

arke

& h

er d

augh

ter.

Cont

ext

- Wel

sh p

oet.

She

is

wel

l kno

wn

for

her

poet

ry w

hich

ex

plor

es h

er h

ome

life

and

her

fam

ily.

Cont

ent

- Thi

s po

em e

xplo

res

the

anni

hila

tion

of th

e Vi

etna

mes

e du

ring

the

War

and

th

e de

stru

ctio

n of

thei

r cu

lture

.

Cont

ext

- Le

vert

ov is

not

afr

aid

to e

xplo

re th

e co

ntro

vers

y of

th

e ro

le o

f Am

eric

a in

the

Viet

nam

war

.

Lang

uage

- -“

I was

bra

ve, a

s I

wal

ked

with

you

, to

the

fron

t do

or”:

diff

eren

t per

spec

tive

of

brav

ery

in c

onfli

ct.

Form

and

Str

uctu

re -

Stro

ng

sens

e of

form

des

pite

the

free

ve

rse,

str

eam

of c

onsc

ious

ness

ad

dres

sing

her

son

dir

ectly

.

Lang

uage

- “t

he ti

ght r

ed r

ope

of lo

ve..”

- al

liter

ativ

e an

d m

etap

hori

cal t

o sy

mbo

lise

birt

h an

d th

e re

latio

nshi

p.

Form

and

Str

uctu

re -

Star

ts w

ith b

irth

and

end

s w

ith

teen

age

year

s. C

hron

olog

ical

.

Lang

uage

- Af

ter

the

child

ren

wer

e ki

lled

ther

e w

ere

no m

ore

buds

”- m

etap

hor

sugg

ests

all

new

life

is g

one

- no

life/

hope

.

Form

and

Str

uctu

re -

Star

ts

with

a p

eace

ful s

eren

ity-e

nds

with

des

truc

tion.

Que

stio

n an

d an

swer

str

uctu

re.

The

Clas

s G

ame

by M

ary

Case

yTh

emes

: Pre

judi

ce, C

lass

, Soc

iety

, Per

sona

l Ide

ntity

H

alf-

cast

e by

John

Aga

rdTh

emes

: : R

acia

l ide

ntity

, Equ

ality

, Ste

reot

ypin

g m

inor

ity g

roup

s.N

o Pr

oble

m b

y Be

njam

in Z

epha

niah

Them

es: R

acis

m, P

reju

dice

, Soc

iety

Cont

ent

- The

spe

aker

see

ms

to

be c

halle

ngin

g so

meo

ne w

ho

has

mad

e as

sum

ptio

ns o

r ju

dgem

ents

abo

ut th

eir

clas

s.

Cont

ext

- Bas

ed o

n a

gam

e in

w

hich

one

mak

es a

judg

emen

t ab

out t

he c

lass

and

bac

kgro

und

of th

e pe

rson

they

are

look

ing

at.

Cont

ent

- App

ears

to b

e hu

mor

ous

and

light

in to

ne b

ut

has

a sa

tiric

al tw

ist a

nd

pow

erfu

l mes

sage

that

eve

ry

hum

an b

eing

is e

qual

& u

niqu

e.

Cont

ext

- Joh

n Ag

ard

was

bor

n in

the

Cari

bbea

n an

d m

oved

to

the

UK

in th

e 19

70s:

his

poe

try

chal

leng

es r

acis

m a

nd p

reju

dice

Cont

ent

- Spe

aker

wan

ts to

be

seen

as

mor

e th

an a

ste

reot

ype

in s

ocie

ty. S

eeks

to c

halle

nge

the

read

er a

bout

ass

umpt

ions

th

at th

ey m

ay m

ake

abou

t him

.

Cont

ext

- Ben

jam

in Z

epha

niah

, is

bla

ck B

ritis

h. H

e ha

s ex

peri

ence

d ra

cism

in m

any

form

s du

ring

his

life

, inc

ludi

ng

at s

choo

l.

Lang

uage

- ‘h

ands

sta

ined

with

to

il’ -

met

onym

y fo

r ha

rd-w

orki

ng w

orki

ng c

lass

es.

Form

and

Str

uctu

re -

Begi

ns

with

rhe

tori

cal q

u. w

orks

th

roug

h an

swer

s (w

ith s

arca

sm)

Lang

uage

- “w

hen

pica

sso

mix

re

d an

gre

en”-

imag

e of

ori

gina

l ar

twor

k, li

ke th

e hu

man

bei

ng.

Form

and

Str

uctu

re -

Sta

rts

with

one

leg

- end

s w

ith a

n in

vita

tion

to s

ee th

e w

hole

.

Lang

uage

- ‘si

lly p

layg

roun

d ta

unts

’ - im

ager

y of

sch

ool

belit

tling

the

issu

e of

rac

ism

.

Form

and

Str

uctu

re -

2 st

anza

s - 1

st h

ighl

ight

s pr

oble

ms,

2nd

off

ers

refle

ctio

n an

d so

lutio

ns.

Lang

uage

for

com

pari

son

-Po

etic

Tec

hniq

ues

Whe

n po

ems

have

sim

ilari

ties

- S

imila

rly,

… B

oth

poem

s co

nvey

… B

oth

poet

s ex

plor

e /

pres

ent…

Thi

s id

ea is

als

o ex

plor

ed in

… In

a s

imila

r w

ay, …

Li

kew

ise,

…

Eval

uati

ve L

angu

age

to k

now

: si

gnifi

cant

ly, i

nter

estin

gly,

es

sent

ially

, cri

tical

ly, n

otab

ly,

effec

tivel

y, fu

ndam

enta

lly,

delib

erat

ely.

..

Met

apho

r –

com

pari

ng o

ne th

ing

to a

noth

er S

imile

– c

ompa

ring

tw

o th

ings

with

‘lik

e’ o

r ‘a

s’ Pe

rson

ifica

tion

– g

ivin

g hu

man

qua

litie

s to

the

nonh

uman

Imag

ery

– la

ngua

ge th

at m

akes

us

imag

ine

a si

ght

(vis

ual),

sou

nd (a

ural

), to

uch

(tact

ile),

smel

l or

tast

e. T

one

– th

e m

ood

or fe

elin

g cr

eate

d in

a p

oem

. Pat

heti

c Fa

llacy

– g

ivin

g em

otio

n to

w

eath

er in

ord

er to

cre

ate

a m

ood

with

in a

text

. Iro

ny –

lang

uage

th

at s

ays

one

thin

g bu

t im

plie

s th

e op

posi

te e

g. s

arca

sm. C

ollo

quia

l La

ngua

ge –

info

rmal

lang

uage

, usu

ally

cre

ates

a c

onve

rsat

iona

l ton

e or

aut

hent

ic v

oice

. Ono

mat

opoe

ia –

lang

uage

that

sou

nds

like

its

mea

ning

. Alli

tera

tion

– w

ords

that

are

clo

se to

geth

er s

tart

with

the

sam

e le

tter

or

soun

d. P

losi

ves

– sh

ort b

urst

of s

ound

: t, k

, p, d

, g, o

r b

soun

d.

Stan

za –

a g

roup

of l

ines

in a

po

em. R

epet

itio

n –

repe

ated

w

ords

or

phra

ses

Enja

mbm

ent

– a

sent

ence

or

phra

se th

at r

uns

onto

the

next

line

. Cae

sura

–

usin

g pu

nctu

atio

n to

cre

ate

paus

es o

r st

ops.

Juxt

apos

itio

n –

cont

rast

ing

thin

gs p

lace

d si

de

by s

ide.

Ana

phor

a –

whe

n th

e fir

st w

ord

of a

sta

nza

is th

e sa

me

acro

ss d

iffer

ent s

tanz

as.

Volt

a –

a tu

rnin

g po

int i

n a

poem

.

Spea

ker

– th

e na

rrat

or, o

r pe

rson

in th

e po

em. F

ree

vers

e –

poet

ry th

at d

oesn

’t rh

yme.

Bl

ank

vers

e –

poem

in ia

mbi

c pe

ntam

eter

, but

with

no

rhym

e.

Sonn

et –

poe

m o

f 14

lines

with

cl

ear

rhym

e sc

hem

e. R

hym

ing

coup

let

– a

pair

of r

hym

ing

lines

nex

t to

each

oth

er. M

eter

–

arra

ngem

ent o

f st

ress

ed/u

nstr

esse

d sy

llabl

es.

Mon

olog

ue –

one

per

son

spea

king

for

a lo

ng ti

me

Whe

n po

ems

have

diff

eren

ces

- Alth

ough

… W

here

as…

Whi

lst…

In

con

tras

t, …

Con

vers

ely,

… O

n th

e ot

her

hand

, … O

n th

e co

ntra

ry, …

4

Year

10

Mat

hs K

now

ledg

e O

rgan

iser

C4

Dat

a an

d St

atis

tics

Skill

D

efin

ition

Ex

ampl

es

Skill

D

efin

ition

Ex

ampl

es

Mea

n

Mos

t use

d m

easu

re o

f av

erag

e

Fo

und

by:

amou

nt of n

umbe

rssum

of a

ll nu

mbe

rs

The

mea

n of

2,3

,4,1

is

foun

d by

add

ing

the

nu

mbe

rs to

= 1

0.

Then

div

idin

g by

4.

10

/ 4

= 2.

5

Mod

e

The

num

ber o

r ite

m th

at o

ccur

s

mos

t ofte

n

The

Mod

e of

2,2

,4,5

,3 is

2

Yo

u ca

n ha

ve o

ne, t

wo

or n

o

mod

es.

Med

ian

‘M

iddl

e’ a

vera

ge

Fo

und

by:

Pu

tting

the

num

bers

in

orde

r and

find

ing

the

m

iddl

e nu

mbe

r

The

Med

ian

of 2

,2,4

,5,3

is

3. A

s w

hen

you

re

orde

r num

bers

the

m

iddl

e is

thre

e.

Ran

ge

Show

s ho

w s

prea

d ou

t the

dat

a is

. A

smal

l ran

ge m

eans

the

data

is

mor

e co

nsis

tent

Foun

d by

:

Larg

est n

umbe

r - s

mal

lest

num

ber

The

Ran

ge o

f 2,2

,4,5

,3 is

3

Th

e la

rges

t num

ber (

5)

subt

ract

the

smal

lest

num

ber

(2)

Pie

Cha

rts

To

fin d

the

angl

e in

a p

ie

char

t

Fo

und

by:

x

360

freq

uenc

ytotal f

requ

ency

To fi

nd th

e fre

quen

cy

give

n th

e an

gle

Foun

d by

:

x to

tal f

requ

ency

36

0an

gle

St

ratif

ied

sa

mpl

e

Use

d to

sel

ect a

sam

ple

that

is

repr

esen

tativ

e of

diff

eren

t gro

ups,

th

e nu

mbe

r of i

tem

s se

lect

ed fr

om

each

gro

up w

ill be

pro

porti

onal

to

the

num

ber o

f ite

ms

in th

at g

roup

Foun

d by

:

x sa

mple size

total f

requ

ency

freq

uenc

y in

gro

up

A sa

mpl

e of

100

stu

dent

s in

a

scho

ol is

take

n fro

m th

e to

tal

popu

latio

n of

200

0. T

here

are

24

0 Y7

stu

dent

s in

the

sc

hool

.

A st

ratif

ied

sam

ple

is fo

und

by

: =

12

x

100

240

2000

So 1

2 Y7

stu

dent

s sh

ould

be

as

ked

Venn

D

iagr

ams

A

∩ B

Venn

D

iagr

ams

A

∪ B

HIG

HER

Ext

ras

Skill

D

efin

ition

Ex

ampl

es

Skill

D

efin

ition

Ex

ampl

es

Para

llel l

ines

Li

nes

that

are

par

alle

l ha

ve g

radi

ents

that

ar

e eq

ual

The

grad

ient

s in

the

two

eq

uatio

ns a

re e

qual

, so

ar

e pa

ralle

l.

y

= 4x

+ 5

y

= 6

+ 4x

Velo

city

- Ti

me

grap

hs

Gra

dien

t is

the

acce

lera

tion

D

ista

nce

is th

e ar

ea u

nder

the

gr

aph

Perp

endi

cula

r lin

es

Line

s th

at a

re

perp

endi

cula

r hav

e

nega

tive

reci

proc

al

grad

ient

s

The

grad

ient

s in

the

two

eq

uatio

ns a

re

perp

endi

cula

r.

y

= 2x

+ 5

y

= -½

x +

4

Dire

ct

Prop

ortio

n

If y

is d

irect

ly p

ropo

rtion

al to

x

y ∝

x th

en y

=kx

If

y is

dire

ctly

pro

porti

onal

to th

e

squa

re o

f x

y ∝

x 2 t

hen

y=kx

2

Qua

drat

ic

Form

ula

Use

this

form

ula

to

solv

e qu

adra

tic

equa

tions

in th

e fo

rm

ax 2 +

bx

+ c

= 0

Inve

rse

pr

opor

tion

If

y is

inve

rsel

y pr

opor

tiona

l to

x

y ∝

1/x

y=

k/x

5

Venn

D

iagr

ams

A

∩ B

Venn

D

iagr

ams

A

∪ B

HIG

HER

Ext

ras

Skill

D

efin

ition

Ex

ampl

es

Skill

D

efin

ition

Ex

ampl

es

Para

llel l

ines

Li

nes

that

are

par

alle

l ha

ve g

radi

ents

that

ar

e eq

ual

The

grad

ient

s in

the

two

eq

uatio

ns a

re e

qual

, so

ar

e pa

ralle

l.

y

= 4x

+ 5

y

= 6

+ 4x

Velo

city

- Ti

me

grap

hs

Gra

dien

t is

the

acce

lera

tion

D

ista

nce

is th

e ar

ea u

nder

the

gr

aph

Perp

endi

cula

r lin

es

Line

s th

at a

re

perp

endi

cula

r hav

e

nega

tive

reci

proc

al

grad

ient

s

The

grad

ient

s in

the

two

eq

uatio

ns a

re

perp

endi

cula

r.

y

= 2x

+ 5

y

= -½

x +

4

Dire

ct

Prop

ortio

n

If y

is d

irect

ly p

ropo

rtion

al to

x

y ∝

x th

en y

=kx

If

y is

dire

ctly

pro

porti

onal

to th

e

squa

re o

f x

y ∝

x 2 t

hen

y=kx

2

Qua

drat

ic

Form

ula

Use

this

form

ula

to

solv

e qu

adra

tic

equa

tions

in th

e fo

rm

ax 2 +

bx

+ c

= 0

Inve

rse

pr

opor

tion

If

y is

inve

rsel

y pr

opor

tiona

l to

x

y ∝

1/x

y=

k/x

6

Equa

tion

of a

ci

rcle

U

se th

is g

ener

al

form

ula

for a

circ

le,

cent

re (0

,0) w

ith

radi

us r

x 2 + y

2 = r 2

Tr

igon

omet

ry

Tran

sfor

mat

ion

of

gra

phs

f(x

+2) =

shi

ft l

eft 2

f(x

- 2) =

shi

ft rig

ht 2

f(x

) + 2

= s

hift

up 2

f(x

) - 2

= s

hift

2 do

wn

f(2x)

= [s

quas

h] e

ach

x co

ord

ha

s be

en h

alve

d

2f(x

) = [s

quee

ze] e

ach

y

coor

d ha

s be

en d

oubl

ed

f(-x)

= re

flect

in th

e y

axis

-f(

x) =

refle

ct in

the

x ax

is

Segm

ent

Ar

ea o

f a s

ecto

r = a

ngle

/360

x

πr 2

Arc

leng

th=

angl

e/36

0 x

πd

Com

posi

te

func

tions

g(

3) =

repl

ace

x w

ith

3 fg(x

) = p

ut g

(x) i

nsid

e

f(x) f

unct

ion

f -1

(x) =

rear

rang

e,

then

sw

ap th

e

varia

bles

A

rea

of a

tr

iang

le

Cos

ine

Rul

e

To fi

nd a

mis

sing

sid

e

whe

n tw

o si

des

and

an

ang

le a

re k

now

n

Foun

d by

:

a 2 =

b 2 +c 2

-2bc

Cos

A

To fi

nd a

mis

sing

an

gle

whe

n th

ree

si

des

are

know

n

Foun

d by

Si

ne R

ule

To

find

the

mis

sing

sid

e w

hen

an

ang

le a

nd it

s op

posi

te s

ide

ar

e kn

own

Fo

und

by:

To fi

nd th

e m

issi

ng a

ngle

whe

n an

ang

le a

nd it

s op

posi

te s

ide

ar

e kn

own.

Fo

und

by:

7

Circ

le

Theo

rem

s

Cap

ture

/

Rec

aptu

re

Foun

d by

:

tagg

edpo

pulatio

n=

ca

ptur

edreca

ptur

ed

His

togr

ams

A

char

t with

bar

s, n

o

gaps

whe

re th

e ar

ea

of th

e ba

rs (n

ot th

e

heig

ht) r

epre

sent

s

the

frequ

ency

.

The

frequ

ency

de

nsity

nee

ds to

be

ca

lcul

ated

to p

lot t

he

hist

ogra

m.

Fo

und

by:

Fr

eq. d

ensi

ty =

freq

uenc

yclass w

idth

Cum

ulat

ive

Fr

eque

ncy

C

umul

ativ

e fre

quen

cy k

eeps

a

runn

ing

tota

l of t

he fr

eque

ncie

s.

Plot

the

uppe

r cla

ss b

ound

ary

ag

ains

t the

cum

ulat

ive

fre

quen

cy.

Box

plo

ts

A go

od to

ol fo

r vi

sual

ly s

how

ing

the

sp

read

of t

he d

ata,

is

olat

es th

e ce

ntra

l 50

% o

f the

dat

a in

th

e bo

x. W

hisk

ers

sp

an re

pres

ents

the

ra

nge.

IQR

A

mea

sure

of s

prea

d, it

sho

ws

th

e ra

nge

of th

e va

lues

of t

he

mid

dle

50%

of t

he d

ata.

The

sm

alle

r the

IQR

the

mor

e

cons

iste

nt th

e da

ta

Fo

und

by:

U

pper

qua

rtile

= lo

wer

qua

rtile

8

Cycle

4 Y

ear 1

0 Bi

olog

y Kn

owle

dge

Orga

nise

r

Keyw

ord

Defin

ition

Key

Idea

s

W E E K 3

Folli

cle S

timul

atin

g Ho

rmon

eA

repr

oduc

tive

horm

one

that

caus

es e

ggs t

o m

atur

e in

the

ovar

ies.

The

Men

stru

al C

ycle

The

men

stru

al cy

cle is

a re

curr

ing

proc

ess w

hich

take

s aro

und

28 d

ays.

Durin

g th

e pr

oces

s, th

e lin

ing

of th

e ut

erus

is p

repa

red

for p

regn

ancy

. If i

mpl

anta

tion

of

the

fert

ilise

d eg

g in

to th

e ut

erus

lini

ng d

oes n

ot h

appe

n, th

e lin

ing

is th

en sh

ed. T

his i

s kn

own

as m

enst

ruat

ion.

Lute

inisi

ng H

orm

one

A m

enst

rual

cycle

hor

mon

e th

at st

imul

ates

an

egg

to b

e re

leas

ed.

Oest

roge

nA

repr

oduc

tive

horm

one

that

inhi

bits

the

prod

uctio

n of

FS

H an

d st

imul

ates

the

prod

uctio

n of

LH to

allo

w a

n eg

g to

be

rele

ased

.Pr

oges

tero

neRe

prod

uctiv

e ho

rmon

e th

at m

aint

ains

the

linin

g of

the

uter

us.

In vi

tro

fert

ilisa

tion

A fe

rtili

ty tr

eatm

ent,

whe

reby

an

egg

is fe

rtili

sed

with

sp

erm

out

side

the

body

, in

a la

bora

tory

.Co

ntra

cept

ive

This

is a

devi

ce w

hich

will

pre

vent

pre

gnan

cy. T

hey

can

be

horm

onal

or b

arrie

r and

inclu

des e

xam

ples

such

as t

he

pill,

the

impl

ant a

nd co

ndom

s.Se

xual

repr

oduc

tion

Form

of r

epro

duct

ion

invo

lvin

g tw

o pa

rent

s, w

hich

in

trod

uces

var

iatio

n du

e to

inhe

ritan

ce fr

om b

oth

pare

nts.

Men

stru

atio

nTh

e pr

oces

s in

a w

oman

of d

ischa

rgin

g bl

ood

and

othe

r m

ater

ial f

rom

the

linin

g of

the

uter

us.

Ovul

atio

nTh

e re

leas

e of

an

egg

from

the

ovar

ies.

This

norm

ally

oc

curs

at a

ppro

ximat

ely

day

14 o

f the

men

stru

al cy

cle.

W E E K 4

Mei

osis

A ty

pe o

f cel

l div

ision

that

resu

lts in

four

dau

ghte

r cel

ls ea

ch w

ith h

alf t

he n

umbe

r of c

hrom

osom

es o

f the

par

ent

cell,

as i

n th

e pr

oduc

tion

of g

amet

es

The

Hum

an G

enom

eTh

e ge

nom

e of

an

orga

nism

is th

e en

tire

gene

tic m

ater

ial o

f tha

t org

anism

. The

gen

etic

info

rmat

ion

is ca

rrie

d by

a ch

emica

l cal

led

deox

yrib

onuc

leic

acid

(DNA

). Th

e hu

man

gen

ome

was

map

ped

in th

e hu

man

gen

ome

proj

ect.

In o

rder

to e

xplo

it its

se

cret

s, it

is vi

tal t

hat t

he h

uman

gen

ome

is fu

lly u

nder

stoo

d.It

enab

les u

s to:

●se

arch

for g

enes

link

ed to

diff

eren

t typ

es o

f dise

ase

●un

ders

tand

inhe

rited

diso

rder

s and

thei

r tre

atm

ent

●tr

ace

hum

an m

igra

tion

patt

erns

from

the

past

Gene

tic C

ross

esGe

netic

cros

ses,

othe

rwise

kno

wn

as p

unne

tt sq

uare

s, ar

e us

ed to

show

the

inhe

ritan

ce

of a

spec

ific t

rait.

Th

e al

lele

s for

the

orga

nism

are

show

n fro

m b

oth

pare

nts a

nd cr

osse

d to

show

the

likel

ihoo

d of

of

fspr

ing

inhe

ritin

g a

part

icula

r tra

it. A

pun

nett

sq

uare

show

ing

the

inhe

ritan

ce o

f the

sex

gene

in h

uman

s is s

how

n he

re:

Alle

leAl

lele

s are

diff

eren

t ver

sions

of t

he sa

me

gene

. For

ex

ampl

e, y

ou h

ave

a ge

ne fo

r eye

colo

ur b

ut th

e al

lele

s fo

r tha

t gen

e w

ould

be

blue

eye

s, br

own

eyes

etc

.Do

min

ant

An a

llele

that

is e

xpre

ssed

whe

n on

e or

two

copi

es a

re

pres

ent

Rece

ssiv

eAn

alle

le th

at is

onl

y ex

pres

sed

whe

n tw

o co

pies

are

pr

esen

t.Hu

man

mig

ratio

nHu

man

mig

ratio

n is

the

mov

emen

t by

peop

le fr

om o

ne

plac

e to

ano

ther

, par

ticul

arly

diff

eren

t cou

ntrie

s.He

tero

zygo

usTw

o al

lele

s tha

t are

diff

eren

t for

the

sam

e ch

arac

teris

tic.

For e

xam

ple

BbHo

moz

ygou

sTw

o al

lele

s tha

t are

the

sam

e fo

r a ch

arac

teris

tic. F

or

exam

ple

BB o

r bb

Euge

nics

The

notio

n of

impr

ovin

g a

popu

latio

n by

sele

ctin

g ce

rtai

n de

sirab

le ch

arac

teris

tics.

Seve

ral h

orm

ones

are

in

volv

ed in

the

men

stru

al

cycle

of a

wom

an in

cludi

ng

oest

roge

n, p

roge

ster

one,

LH

and

FSH.

The

role

s of e

ach

of

thes

e ho

rmon

es a

re li

sted

on

the

left

of th

is pa

ge.

If a

wom

an b

ecom

es

preg

nant

, the

pla

cent

a pr

oduc

es p

roge

ster

one.

Thi

s m

aint

ains

the

linin

g of

the

uter

us d

urin

g pr

egna

ncy

and

mea

ns th

at m

enst

ruat

ion

does

not

hap

pen.

9

Chem

istry

Cycle

4 Y

ear 1

0 Kn

owle

dge

Orga

nise

r

Keyw

ord

Defin

ition

Key

Idea

s

W E E K 5

Volu

me

The

spac

e ta

ken

up b

y a

subs

tanc

e. O

ften

used

to m

easu

re li

quid

s.O

ne e

xper

imen

t tha

t you

nee

d to

be

awar

e of

for

the

exam

is in

vest

igatin

g ho

w

diffe

rent

fact

ors

affec

t the

rate

of r

eact

ion.

Ther

e ar

e fo

ur fa

ctor

s tha

t can

affe

ct th

e ra

te o

f rea

ctio

n.•

Tem

pera

ture

•C

once

ntra

tion

(pre

ssur

e fo

r gas

es)

•Su

rface

are

a•

Pres

ence

of a

cat

alyst

Reac

tions

with

hap

pen

at a

fast

er r

ate

whe

n th

e te

mpe

ratu

re is

incr

ease

d. T

hey

also

reac

t mor

e qu

ickly

whe

n th

e co

ncen

trat

ion

is hi

gher

. A la

rger

sur

face

area

can

also

in

crea

se th

e ra

te o

f rea

ctio

n.

Cho

ppin

g a

chem

ical i

nto

small

er p

iece

s, or

mak

ing

it in

to a

pow

der,

will

incr

ease

the

surfa

ce a

rea

of a

subs

tanc

e. T

his w

ill in

crea

se th

e ra

te o

f rea

ctio

n.

Cat

alyst

s ar

e su

bsta

nces

that

mak

e ch

emica

l rea

ctio

ns h

appe

n at

a h

igher

rat

e. T

hey

do

not g

et u

sed

up in

the

reac

tion,

so a

re a

ble

to b

e us

ed o

ver a

nd o

ver a

gain

.

Rate

of

reac

tion

How

qui

ckly

is a

reac

tion

happ

enin

g.C

alcul

ated

usin

g 1

/ tim

e.

Con

cent

ratio

nTh

e m

ass

of so

lute

diss

olve

d in

a fi

xed

volu

me

of so

lvent

.

Gas

syrin

geEq

uipm

entu

sed

for m

easu

ring

the

volu

me

of a

gas

pro

duce

d in

a

reac

tion.

Col

lisio

nW

hen

two

chem

icals

hit o

ne a

noth

er d

urin

g a

reac

tion.

Col

lisio

n fre

quen

cyH

ow o

ften

collis

ions

hap

pen

betw

een

reac

tant

s and

pro

duct

s.

Col

lisio

n th

eory

The

theo

ry o

f rea

ctio

ns th

at st

ates

that

a r

eact

ion

only

occu

rs

whe

n a

succ

essfu

l col

lisio

n ha

ppen

s.

Cat

alyst

A su

bsta

nce

that

incr

ease

s th

e ra

te o

f rea

ctio

n w

ithou

t bei

ng u

sed

up.

W E E K 6

Solu

teA

subs

tanc

e th

at is

diss

olve

d in

a so

lutio

n.C

ollis

ion

theo

ry is

the

idea

that

for a

reac

tion

to o

ccur

, the

che

mica

ls in

volve

d (r

eact

ants

) hav

e to

hit

each

oth

er. I

f the

se c

ollis

ions

are

mad

e m

ore

frequ

ent,

then

the

reac

tion

will

happ

en at

a fa

ster

rat

e.

Key

Exa

m A

nsw

er: R

eact

ions

hap

pen

at a

fast

er r

ate

beca

use

ther

e ar

e m

ore

freq

uent

suc

cess

ful c

ollis

ions

bet

wee

n re

acta

nts.

Incr

easin

g th

e te

mpe

ratu

re o

f the

reac

tant

s m

eans

that

the

part

icles

hav

e m

ore

ener

gy

and

mov

e m

ore

quick

ly. T

his i

ncre

ases

the

freq

uenc

y of

suc

cess

ful c

ollis

ions

and

mak

es th

e re

actio

n ha

ppen

mor

e qu

ickly.

Incr

easin

g th

e co

ncen

trat

ion

of th

e re

acta

nts

mea

ns th

at th

e pa

rticl

es a

re c

lose

r to

geth

er, t

here

will

be m

ore

of th

em in

the

sam

e sp

ace.

Thi

s in

crea

ses

the

freq

uenc

y of

suc

cess

ful c

ollis

ions

and

mak

es th

e re

actio

n ha

ppen

mor

e qu

ickly.

Cat

alyst

s lo

wer

the

activ

atio

n en

ergy

for c

hem

ical r

eact

ions

, thi

s mak

es th

em h

appe

n m

ore

quick

ly.

Reac

tions

will

alway

s pr

oduc

e th

e sa

me

final

amou

nt o

f pro

duct

, eve

n if

it ta

kes

diffe

rent

am

ount

s of t

ime.

Thi

s is b

ecau

se m

ass

is co

nser

ved

and

the

mas

s of t

he

reac

tant

s mus

t be

the

sam

e as

the

mas

s of

the

prod

ucts

.

Mea

surin

g cy

linde

rA

tall

tube

with

mea

sure

men

ts o

n th

e sid

e, u

sed

form

mea

surin

g liq

uids

.So

dium

th

iosu

lpha

te

A ch

emica

ltha

t rea

cts w

ith h

ydro

chlo

ric a

cid to

form

a c

loud

y w

hite

mix

ture

.Ba

lance

d eq

uatio

nC

hem

ical e

quat

ion

writ

ten

in c

hem

ical s

ymbo

ls sh

owin

g th

e nu

mbe

r of a

tom

s on

each

side

of t

he e

quat

ion

balan

ce.

Iner

tU

nrea

ctive

Mas

sTh

e am

ount

of m

atte

r in

som

ethi

ng; i

t is m

easu

red

in k

ilogr

ams

(kg)

.Re

acta

nts

Che

mica

ls th

at re

act t

oget

her i

n a

chem

ical r

eact

ion

(sho

wn

on

the

left-

hand

side

of t

he c

hem

ical e

quat

ion)

.Pr

oduc

tsSu

bsta

nce

prod

uced

by

a ch

emica

l rea

ctio

n (s

how

n on

the

right

-ha

nd si

de o

f the

che

mica

l equ

atio

n).

Relat

ive

reac

tivity

The

relat

ive a

ctivi

ty o

f a c

hem

ical c

ompo

und

whe

n re

actin

g w

ith

othe

r com

poun

ds.

10

Cycle

4 P

hysic

s Yea

r 10

Know

ledg

e Or

gani

ser

Keyw

ord

Defin

ition

Key

Idea

s

W E E K 1

Solid

A st

ate

of m

atte

r ch

arac

teris

ed b

y pa

rticl

es a

rran

ged

in a

regu

lar p

atte

rn,

all to

uchi

ng, w

ith n

o sp

aces

in b

etw

een.

It h

as st

rong

forc

es o

f attr

actio

nW

hen

solid

s are

hea

ted

they

gain

inte

rnal

ener

gy, t

his m

eans

that

the

part

icles

beg

in to

vib

rate

mor

e qu

ickly.

Eve

ntua

lly th

ey h

ave

enou

gh e

nerg

y to

ove

rcom

e so

me

for t

he fo

rces

hol

ding

them

in th

e re

gular

pat

tern

. W

hen

they

ove

rcom

e th

ese

forc

es th

ey c

hang

e st

ate

to b

ecom

e liq

uids

. Li

quid

s hav

e pa

rticl

es th

at ar

e ab

le to

mov

e ar

ound

and

are

no

long

er in

a

fixed

pat

tern

. The

y ar

e ar

rang

ed in

a ra

ndom

way

. The

par

ticle

s are

still

touc

hing

eac

h ot

her.

As th

ey a

re h

eate

d, th

ey b

egin

to m

ove

mor

e an

d m

ore

quick

ly. E

vent

ually

they

will

gain

eno

ugh

ener

gy to

ove

rcom

e th

e fo

rces

hol

ding

them

toge

ther

and

spre

ad o

ut a

s the

y ch

ange

stat

e in

to a

gas.

The

forc

es o

f attr

actio

n in

a g

as a

re w

eake

r, th

is all

ows t

he p

artic

les t

o m

ove

freel

y an

d sp

read

out

to fi

ll th

e co

ntain

er th

ey a

re in

.

Solid

s and

liqu

ids c

anno

t be

com

pres

sed

beca

use

ther

e ar

e no

spac

es

betw

een

the

part

icles

.

Liqu

ids a

nd g

ases

can

flow

bec

ause

the

part

icles

can

mov

e ar

ound

eac

h ot

her.

Liqu

idA

stat

e of

mat

ter

whe

re th

e pa

rticl

esar

e ab

le to

mov

e ov

er e

ach

othe

r an

d ‘fl

ow’.

The

part

icles

are

all

still

touc

hing

. The

forc

es o

f attr

actio

n ar

e w

eake

r tha

n so

lids.

Gas

A st

ate

of m

atte

r w

here

the

part

icles

are

spre

ad o

ut w

ith la

rge

spac

es in

be

twee

n th

e, T

here

are

wea

k fo

rces

of a

ttrac

tion.

The

par

ticle

s ar

e ve

ry

quick

and

mov

e in

a r

ando

m m

otio

n.

Dep

ositi

onA

stat

e ch

ange

whe

re a

gas

bec

omes

a so

lid, w

ithou

t tur

ning

into

a li

quid

fir

st.

Cha

nge

of st

ate

The

chan

ging

betw

een

a So

lid, l

iqui

d or

gas

. Eva

pora

tion

is a

chan

ge o

f st

ate

from

liqu

id to

gas

.

Free

zeW

here

a li

quid

turn

s int

o a

solid

whe

n its

tem

pera

ture

is b

elow

its

freez

ing

poin

t.

Mel

tTh

e pr

oces

s tha

t occ

urs w

hen

a so

lid tu

rns i

nto

a liq

uid

whe

n it

is he

ated

.

Subl

imat

eW

hen

a so

lid tu

rns s

traig

ht in

to a

gas

on

heat

ing,

with

out b

ecom

ing

a liq

uid

first

-or

whe

n a

gas t

urns

stra

ight i

nto

a so

lid, w

ithou

t bec

omin

g a

liqui

d.

W E E K 2

Alph

aA

type

of r

adio

activ

e de

cay

whe

re a

hel

ium

nuc

leus

(2 p

roto

ns a

nd 2

ne

utro

ns)a

re re

leas

edfro

m d

ecay

ing

nucle

i.Io

nisin

g ra

diat

ion

is ra

diat

ion

that

can

cau

se a

tom

s to

gain

or l

ose

elec

tron

s. Th

is tu

rns t

hem

into

ions

.

This

can

be re

ally

dam

agin

g to

org

anism

s as i

t can

lead

to m

utat

ions

(c

hang

es) i

n th

eir D

NA.

The

se c

hang

es c

an e

vent

ually

lead

to c

ance

r.

Ther

e ar

e th

ree

type

s of r

adio

activ

e io

nisin

g ra

diat

ion.

The

se a

re a

lpha

, be

ta a

nd g

amm

a. A

lpha

radi

atio

n ha

s a lo

w p

enet

ratin

g ab

ility

and

is hi

ghly

ioni

sing.

It ca

n be

stop

ped

by a

shee

t of p

aper

and

onl

y tr

avel

s a fe

w c

m in

air

. Bet

a is

less

ioni

sing

and

can

pene

trat

efu

rthe

r, be

ing

stop

ped

by a

few

milli

met

res o

f met

al. G

amm

a is

an

elec

trom

agne

tic w

ave

and

is hi

ghly

pene

trat

ing.

You

need

seve

ral m

etre

s of

thick

con

cret

e an

d le

ad to

abs

orb

it.

Beta

A ty

pe o

f rad

ioac

tive

deca

y w

here

ele

ctro

ns a

re re

leas

edfro

m d

ecay

ing

nucle

i.

Gam

ma

A ty

pe o

f rad

ioac

tive

deca

y w

here

gam

ma

wav

es (e

lect

rom

agne

tic w

aves

) ar

e re

leas

ed fr

om d

ecay

ing

nucle

i.

Pene

trat

ion

How

far a

radi

oact

ive p

artic

le o

r wav

e ca

n pa

ss in

to o

r thr

ough

am

ater

ial.

Irrad

iatio

nW

hen

an o

bjec

t or o

rgan

ism is

exp

osed

to ra

diat

ion

from

a r

adio

activ

e su

bsta

nce.

Con

tam

inat

ion

Whe

n ra

dioa

ctive

mat

erial

get

s ont

o an

othe

r obj

ect,

caus

ing

it to

bec

ome

radi

oact

ive.

Half

life

The

time

take

n fo

r the

act

ivity

of a

radi

oact

ive s

ubst

ance

toha

lf. T

he

activ

ity is

mea

sure

d in

Bec

quer

els.

11

Year

10

- Fre

nch

- Cyc

le 4

Them

e 2

- Uni

ts 5

(hom

e, to

wn,

nei

ghbo

urho

od &

regi

on)a

nd 8

(tra

vel &

tour

ism

)

Wee

kG

ram

mar

Voca

bula

ryEx

ampl

es

1D

escr

ibin

g yo

urro

om/fu

rnitu

re +

Talk

ing

abou

tho

use

chor

es(5

.1G

)

An

adje

ctiv

e go

esaf

tert

he n

oun

itde

scrib

es a

nd a

gree

s w

ith it

(mas

c. /

fem

. / p

lur.)

Exc

eptio

n: “B

AG

S” (

Bea

uty,

Age

,G

oodn

ess,

Siz

e) a

djec

tives

go

befo

reth

e no

un.

> be

au/b

elle

-be

autif

ul>

joli(

e) -

pret

ty>

vieu

x/vi

eille

-ol

d>

jeun

e- y

oung

> bo

n/bo

nne

-goo

d>

petit

(e) -

smal

l>

gran

d(e)

-bi

g

Dan

s m

a ch

ambr

e- i

n m

y be

droo

mIl

y a

- the

re is

/il

n’y

a pa

s de

- the

re is

n’ta

nyU

n lit

-a

bed

/ une

éta

gère

-a

shel

f/ u

ne té

lé-a

TV

un fa

uteu

il -a

n ar

mch

air/

un

bure

au -

a de

skun

can

apé

-a s

ofa

/ une

arm

oire

-a

war

drob

eun

e fe

nêtre

-a

win

dow

En

cuir

/ boi

s / v

elou

rs- i

n le

athe

r / w

ood

/ vel

vet

Noi

r(e)

(s) -

blac

k/

blan

c(he

)(s)

-w

hite

Mar

ron

-bro

wn

/ Ja

une(

s) -

yello

wO

rang

e -o

rang

e/

gris

(e)(

s) -

grey

bleu

(e)(

s) -

blue

/ ve

rt(e)

(s) -

gree

nR

ouge

(s) -

red

/ ro

se(s

) -pi

nk/

viol

et(te

)(s)

-pur

ple

Pou

r aid

er à

la m

aiso

n - t

o he

lp a

t hom

eJe

fais

le m

énag

e -I

cle

anJe

fais

la v

aiss

elle

-I d

o th

e w

ashi

ng u

pJe

fais

le ja

rdin

age

-I d

o th

e ga

rden

ing

Je fa

is la

cui

sine

-I d

o th

e co

okin

gJe

fais

les

lits

-I m

ake

the

beds

Je la

ve la

voi

ture

-I w

ash

the

car

Je ra

nge

ma

cham

bre

-I ti

dy u

p m

y ro

omJe

net

toie

la s

alle

de

bain

-I c

lean

the

bath

room

Dan

s m

a ch

ambr

e, il

y a

une

gra

nde

arm

oire

ble

ue.-

In m

y be

droo

m, t

here

is a

big

blu

e w

ardr

obe.

il y

a un

pet

it ca

napé

en

velo

urs

noir.

- The

re is

asm

all b

lack

vel

vet s

ofa.

Pou

r aid

er m

es p

aren

ts à

la m

aiso

n, je

fais

lem

énag

e et

les

lits.

-To

hel

p m

y pa

rent

s at

hom

e,I

clea

n an

d m

ake

the

beds

.

Il n’

y a

pas

de té

léni

de

bure

au d

ans

ma

cham

bre.

-Th

ere

is n

o TV

orde

sk in

my

bedr

oom

.

2D

escr

ibin

g yo

urho

me

(5.1

F)

Verb

s:J’

habi

te /

je v

is- I

live

Qui

dat

e de

: whi

ch d

ates

bac

k to

Qui

don

ne s

ur:w

hich

ove

rlook

sQ

ui s

e si

tue

- whi

ch is

situ

ated

C’e

st- i

t is

Neg

ativ

es:

Ce

n’es

t pas

- it i

sn’t

Il n’

y a

pas

de- t

here

isn’

t any

Il n’

y a

que

- the

re is

onl

y

Une

mai

son

indi

vidu

elle

/mito

yenn

e- a

deta

ched

/sem

i-det

ache

d ho

use

Un

appa

rtem

ent-

a fl

at /

Une

piè

ce- a

room

Un

quar

tier (

calm

e)- a

(qui

et) a

rea

of to

wn

Prè

s de

- nea

r / n

ext t

o/ U

n ba

lcon

- a b

alco

nyU

n vi

llage

- a v

illag

e /

Une

vill

e- a

tow

n/ci

tyU

ne c

uisi

ne- a

kitc

hen

/un

e ca

ve- a

cel

lar

Une

sal

le à

man

ger-

a d

inin

g ro

omU

n sa

lon

- a li

ving

room

/un

jard

in- a

gar

den

Une

sal

le d

e ba

in- a

bat

hroo

m /

des

toile

ttes

-toi

lets

Au

rez-

de-c

haus

sée

- on

the

grou

nd fl

oor

Au

prem

ier/d

euxi

ème

étag

e- o

n th

e fir

st/s

econ

d flo

orJ’

ai m

a pr

opre

cha

mbr

e- I

hav

e m

y ow

n be

droo

mM

oder

ne- m

oder

n /a

ncie

n(ne

)- a

ncie

ntdo

uille

t(te)

- cos

y /

conf

orta

ble

- com

forta

ble

bruy

ant(e

)- n

oisy

/an

imé(

e)- a

nim

ated

Éno

rme

- hug

e /s

paci

eux(

euse

)- s

paci

ous

Agr

éabl

e- p

leas

ant

Les

vois

ins

- the

nei

ghbo

urs

Je v

is d

ans

un a

ppar

tem

ent

dans

un

villa

ge a

nim

é.-

I liv

e in

a b

ig h

ouse

in a

n an

imat

ed v

illag

e.

J’ha

bite

dan

s un

e an

cien

ne m

aiso

n qu

i dat

e du

19èm

e si

ècle

. - I

live

in a

n an

cien

t hou

se w

hich

date

s ba

ck to

the

19th

cen

tury

.

Il y

a tro

is é

tage

s et

cin

q ch

ambr

es. -

The

re a

re3

floor

s an

d 5

bedr

oom

s.

J’ai

ma

prop

re c

ham

bre

qui e

st a

ssez

dou

illet

te.-

Iha

ve m

y ow

n be

droo

m w

hich

is q

uite

cos

y.

Les

vois

ins

sont

agr

éabl

es m

ais

bruy

ants

. - T

hene

ighb

ours

are

ple

asan

t but

noi

sy.

Il n’

y a

pas

de ja

rdin

. - T

here

is n

o ga

rden

.

12

3S

ayin

g w

here

you

live

+D

escr

ibin

g w

hat

a to

wn

is li

ke(5

.2G

+F)

Je p

eux

= I c

an /

on p

eut=

we

can

+in

finiti

veE

xam

ple:

On

peut

vis

iter d

esm

onum

ents

.- W

e ca

n vi

sit m

onum

ents

.

Dan

s le

nor

d/su

d/es

t/oue

st- I

n th

eS

outh

/Nor

th/E

ast/W

est

Au

nord

/ su

d de

- in

the

Nor

th /

Sou

th o

fà

l’est

/ l’o

uest

de

- in

the

Eas

t / w

est o

fD

ans

le c

entre

du

pays

- in

the

cent

re o

f the

cou

ntry

Lapl

us g

rand

e vi

lle d

e Fr

ance

- big

gest

city

in F

ranc

eC

’est

cél

èbre

pou

r- it

is fa

mou

s fo

rA

u bo

rd d

e la

mer

- by

the

seas

ide

à la

cam

pagn

e- i

n th

e co

untry

side

à la

mon

tagn

e- i

n th

e m

ount

ains

Dan

s le

cen

tre-v

ille

-in

the

city

/tow

n ce

ntre

En

banl

ieue

- on

the

outs

kirts

à cô

té d

e / p

rès

de- n

ext t

o / n

ear

La fr

ontiè

re- t

he b

orde

rD

e ta

ille

moy

enne

- ave

rage

siz

eTo

uris

tique

- tou

ristic

hist

oriq

ue- h

isto

ricD

es b

âtim

ents

- bui

ldin

gsU

n aé

ropo

rt- a

n ai

rpor

tU

ne p

isci

ne- a

sw

imm

ing

pool

Une

cen

tre c

omm

erci

al- a

sho

ppin

g ce

ntre

Un

hôte

l bon

mar

ché

- a c

heap

hot

elU

n pa

rc a

quat

ique

- a w

ater

par

kD

es m

agas

ins

- sho

ps

J’ha

bite

à la

mon

tagn

e, à

côt

é d’

un la

c. -

I liv

ein

the

mou

ntai

ns, n

ear a

lake

.

J’ha

bite

dan

s le

sud

-est

de

la F

ranc

e,pr

ès d

ela

front

ière

avec

l’Ita

lie.-

I liv

e in

the

Sou

th-E

asto

fFr

ance

, nea

r the

bor

der w

ith It

aly.

C’e

st la

deu

xièm

e pl

us g

rand

e vi

lle d

u pa

ys.-

It’s

the

seco

nd b

igge

st c

ity in

the

coun

try.

C’e

st u

ne v

ille

hist

oriq

ue d

e ta

ille

moy

enne

ave

cde

vieu

x ba

timen

ts.-

It’s

an

aver

age-

size

d hi

stor

icto

wn

with

old

bui

ldin

gs.

Il y

a pl

ein

d'hô

tels

bon

mar

ché.

- The

re a

re lo

tsof

chea

p ho

tels

.

4D

escr

ibin

gho

liday

dest

inat

ions

+H

olid

aypr

efer

ence

s(8

.1G

+F)

in +

mea

ns o

f tra

nspo

rt:E

n+

voitu

re/b

us/tr

ain/

avio

n/ca

r-B

y ca

r/bus

/trai

n/pl

ane/

coac

hà

pied

/ m

oto

/ vél

o -o

n fo

ot/b

ym

otor

bike

/bik

e

to/in

+ c

ount

ry:

En

+ co

untri

es e

ndin

g in

-eA

u +

mas

culin

e co

untri

es (a

ll ot

her

endi

ngs)

Aux

+ p

lura

l cou

ntrie

s (e

ndin

g in

-s)

Mes

vac

ance

s de

rêve

-m

y dr

eam

hol

iday

Une

pla

ge p

rivée

/pub

lique

- a p

rivat

e/pu

blic

bea

chD

es lo

isirs

spo

rtifs

- lei

sure

act

iviti

esU

ne s

tatio

n de

ski

- a s

ki re

sort

Des

act

ivité

s na

utiq

ues

- wat

er s

ports

Voya

ger-

to tr

avel

En

Ang

lete

rre

- to/

in E

ngla

ndA

u P

ortu

gal-

to/in

Por

tuga

lA

ux E

tats

-Uni

s- t

o/in

the

US

AJe

pas

se- I

spe

nd (t

ime)

Je s

éjou

rne

- I s

tay

(in a

pla

ce)

J’ai

mer

ais

/ je

voud

rais

alle

r- I

wou

ld li

ke to

go

Je p

réfe

rera

is- I

wou

ld p

refe

rB

ronz

er- t

o su

nbat

he

Pou

r mes

vac

ance

s de

rêve

, je

voud

rais

alle

r en

Aus

tralie

. -Fo

r my

drea

m h

olid

ay, I

’d li

ke to

go

toA

ustra

lia.

En

géné

ral j

e va

is e

n E

spag

ne e

n av

ion.

-In

gen

eral

I go

to S

pain

by

plan

e.

J’ad

ore

bron

zer à

la p

lage

. -I l

ove

sunb

athi

ng o

nth

ebe

ach.

Je v

ais

à la

sta

tion

de s

ki e

n bu

s. -

I go

to th

esk

ire

sort

by b

us.

13

5 +

6Ta

lkin

g ab

out

holid

ay a

ctiv

ities

in th

e pa

st(8

.2G

+ F)

Opi

nion

s in

the

past

:J’

ai tr

ouvé

ça

- I fo

und

itC

’éta

it- i

t was

Verb

s in

the

impe

rfect

:Je

fais

ais

- I w

ould

do

/ use

d to

do

Je n

agea

is- I

wou

ld s

wim

/ use

d to

sw

imIl

y av

ait-

ther

e w

asJ’

avai

s -I

had

/use

d to

hav

eJ’

alla

is- I

wou

ld g

o / u

sed

to g

oIl

fais

ait b

eau

- it w

as s

unny

Verb

s in

the

nega

tive:

Je n

’ai p

as jo

ué- I

did

n’t p

lay

Je n

’ai p

as fa

it- I

did

n’t d

oJe

n’a

i pas

trou

vé ç

a -I

did

n’t f

ind

it

Inte

nsifi

ers:

Un

peu

- a b

itas

sez

- qui

tetrè

s- v

ery

Vrai

men

t- re

ally

Trop

- too

(muc

h)

Je s

uis

allé

(e)-

I w

ent

J’ai

fait

- I d

idj’a

i nag

é- I

sw

amJ’

ai v

isité

- I v

isite

dJ’

ai p

assé

- I s

pent

J’ai

bro

nzé

- I s

unba

thed

De

la p

lanc

he à

voi

le- w

inds

urfin

gD

e l’é

quita

tion

- hor

se ri

ding

Inté

ress

ant-

inte

rest

ing

/For

mid

able

- won

derfu

lG

énia

l- g

reat

/S

ympa

- nic

e/ N

ul- r

ubbi

shE

nnuy

eux/

barb

ant-

bor

ing

Un

cam

ping

- a c

amps

ite /

un g

îte- a

hol

iday

cot

tage

Le m

atin

- in

the

mor

ning

L’ap

rès-

mid

i- in

the

afte

rnoo

nLe

soi

r- in

the

even

ing

Je s

uis

allé

dan

s un

cam

ping

et c

’éta

it vr

aim

ent

géni

al.-

I w

ent t

o a

cam

psite

and

it w

as re

ally

gre

at.

Je n

’ai p

as fa

it le

s m

agas

ins.

- I d

idn’

t do

any

shop

ping

.

J’ai

trou

véça

un

peu

nul.

-I fo

und

it a

bit r

ubbi

sh.

J’ai

fait

de la

pla

nche

à v

oile

. -I w

ent w

inds

urfin

g.

L’ap

rès-

mid

i, j’a

llais

faire

des

exc

ursi

ons.

- In

the

afte

rnoo

ns, I

wou

ld g

o on

exc

ursi

ons.

14

Cyc

le 4

Geo

grap

hy Y

ear

10 K

no

wle

dge

Org

anis

er: U

rban

Ch

ange

in t

he

UK

(B

rist

ol)

Sess

ion

Key

wo

rds

Kn

ow

led

geG

eogr

aph

ical

co

nce

pts

Wee

k 1

and

2

Bri

sto

l

Loca

tio

n

Pop

ula

tio

n

Imp

ort

ance

M

igra

tio

n

Pop

ula

tio

n d

ensi

ty is

a

mea

sure

men

t o

f p

op

ula

tio

n in

a

spec

ific

are

a

Dis

trib

uti

on

is t

he

way

in w

hic

h

som

eth

ing

is s

har

ed o

ut

amo

ng

a gr

ou

p o

r sp

read

ove

r an

are

a.

Mig

rati

on

is w

hen

peo

ple

mo

ve

fro

m o

ne

pla

ce t

o a

no

ther

Nat

ion

al m

igra

tio

n o

ccu

rs w

hen

p

eop

le m

ove

fro

m o

ne

par

t o

f a

cou

ntry

to

an

oth

er.

Inte

rnat

ion

al m

igra

tio

n o

ccu

rs

wh

en p

eop

le c

ross

co

unt

ry

bo

rder

s an

d s

tay

in t

he

new

ho

st

cou

ntry

.

Loca

tio

nB

rist

ol i

s a

city

in t

he

Sou

thw

est

of

Engl

and

in t

he

cou

nty

of

Avo

n. T

he

po

pu

lati

on

of

the

city

is 4

30 t

ho

usa

nd

, mak

ing

it t

he

larg

est

city

in t

he

Sou

thw

est.

It is

co

nn

ecte

d t

o t

he

rest

of

the

cou

ntry

by

the

M5

and

an

in

tern

atio

nal

air

po

rt.

Imp

ort

ance

•B

rist

ol h

ole

s a

stra

tegi

c p

osi

tio

n o

n t

he

M4

corr

ido

r w

ith

lin

ks t

o

Lon

do

n a

nd

Eu

rop

e.•

Larg

est

con

cent

rati

on

of

silic

on

ch

ip m

anu

fact

ure

ou

tsid

e o

f C

alifo

rnia

.•

Ho

me

to t

he

Cre

ato

rs o

f W

alla

ce a

nd

Gro

mit

(A

ard

man

An

imat

ion

s).

•Th

e la

rge

un

iver

siti

es a

ttra

ct s

tud

ents

fro

m a

ll o

ver

the

wo

rld

, p

rovi

din

g gr

adu

ates

for

pro

fess

ion

al, m

anag

eria

l an

d

kno

wle

dge

-bas

ed jo

bs.

•H

isto

rica

lly k

no

wn

for

I.K.B

run

el a

nd

th

e C

lifto

n S

usp

ensi

on

Bri

dge

an

d a

lso

Filt

on

wh

ere

Co

nco

rde

was

Bu

ilt.

•R

egio

nal

Cu

ltu

re, e

nter

tain

men

t an

d t

ou

rism

cen

tre

•M

ult

i eth

nic

cit

y

Mig

rati

on

Ab

ou

t h

alf

of

Bri

sto

l’s p

op

ula

tio

n g

row

th

Co

mes

fro

m t

he

EU c

ou

ntri

es, i

n p

arti

cula

r Po

lan

d a

nd

Sp

ain

. 50

cou

ntri

es a

re r

epre

sent

ed in

Bri

sto

l’s p

op

ula

tio

n.

Mig

rati

on

has

bro

ugh

t o

pp

ort

un

itie

s an

d c

hal

len

ges.

Op

po

rtu

nit

ies:

A

har

dw

ork

ing

wo

rkfo

rce.

Enri

ches

th

e ci

ties

cu

ltu

ral l

ife, f

esti

vals

an

d fo

od

. (eg

St

Pau

ls

Car

niv

al a

ttra

cts

40,0

00 v

isit

ors

eac

h y

ear,

wh

ich

aim

s to

imp

rove

re

lati

on

s b

etw

een

Eu

rop

ean

, Afr

ican

, Car

ibb

ean

an

d A

sian

co

mm

un

itie

s)M

ain

ly y

ou

ng

mig

rant

s h

elp

to

bal

ance

th

e ag

ing

po

pu

lati

on

.C

hal

len

ges

Ho

usi

ng

pro

visi

on

has

no

t ke

pt

pac

e w

ith

gro

wth

- ex

pen

sive

h

ou

sin

g.Te

ach

ing

child

ren

wit

h E

ngl

ish

as

an a

dd

itio

nal

lan

guag

es.

Inte

grat

ing

into

th

e w

ide

com

mu

nit

y.

Wee

k 3

and

4

Op

po

rtu

nit

ies

and

ch

alle

nge

s;

Soci

al,

Eco

no

mic

,

Envi

ron

men

tal

Bro

wnf

ield

Vs

Gre

enfi

eld

Soci

al o

pp

ort

un

itie

s re

fer

to a

ch

ange

in p

eop

le’s

acc

ess

to

ente

rtai

nm

ent

(e.g

. sh

op

pin

g,

thea

ter

and

ho

usi

ng)

an

d s

ervi

ces

(e.g

. hea

lth

care

an

d e

du

cati

on

Eco

no

mic

op

po

rtu

nit

ies

The

chan

ces

for

peo

ple

to

im

pro

ve t

hei

r st

and

ard

of

livin

g th

rou

gh e

mp

loym

ent.

Envi

ron

men

tal o

pp

ort

un

itie

sTh

e ch

ance

s fo

r p

eop

le t

o

imp

rove

th

eir

stan

dar

d o

f liv

ing

thro

ugh

ch

ange

s to

th

e en

viro

nm

ent

.

Urb

an G

reen

ing:

(o

pen

ing

up

an

d

pre

serv

ing

op

en s

pac

e in

urb

an

area

s).

Cu

ltu

ral M

ixA

reas

of

Bri

sto

l su

ch a

s th

e W

ater

fro

nt a

nd

Mo

ntp

elie

r ar

e fr

equ

entl

y vo

ted

th

e tr

end

iest

pla

ces

to v

isit

on

so

cial

web

site

like

Tra

vel

Sup

erm

arke

t. B

rist

ol i

s fa

mo

us

for

the

gro

wth

of

the

Ind

epen

den

t ca

fes

and

sh

op

s an

d t

he

Hip

ster

life

styl

e.

1998

: Cri

bb

s C

ause

way

Ou

t o

f to

wn

sh

op

pin

g ce

nter

The

Mal

l at

Cri

bb

s C

ause

way

is t

he

pre

mie

r sh

op

pin

g d

esti

nat

ion

in t

he

Sou

th W

est.

Lo

cate

d o

n t

he

no

rth

fri

nge

of

Bri

sto

l at

J17

M5,

Th

e M

all

ho

sts

a lin

e-u

p o

f o

ver

130

top

nam

e st

ore

sC

ause

d c

ity

cent

er d

eclin

e

2008

: Cab

ots

Cir

cus

Co

st £

500

mill

ion

Cit

y C

ente

r lo

cati

on

Incl

ud

es o

ffic

es, a

cin

ema,

a h

ote

l an

d 2

50 a

par

tmen

tsEn

cou

rage

s p

eop

le b

ack

into

th

e ci

ty c

ente

r

Urb

an G

reen

ing

in B

rist

ol o

pen

ed u

p 8

nat

ure

res

erve

s an

d h

as 3

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par

ks in

th

e C

ity.

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n s

qu

are

was

on

ce a

du

al c

arri

agew

ay a

nd

is

no

w a

op

en s

pac

e w

ith

cyc

le w

ays.

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po

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Soci

al: T

her

e ar

e n

ight

clu

bs

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s an

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n v

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nd

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ou

nd

m

usi

c sc

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eatr

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clu

de

the

Old

Vic

. Sh

op

pin

g: C

abo

t C

ircu

s o

pen

up

in 2

008

at a

co

st o

f £5

00m

wit

h

new

sh

op

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d le

isu

re fa

cilit

ies,

as

wel

l as

a ci

nem

a an

d a

ho

tel

and

250

ap

artm

ents

.Ec

on

om

ic: B

rist

ol h

as c

han

ged

fro

m a

Po

rt t

o a

cen

tre

of

Qu

ater

nar

y IT

ind

ust

ries

. Th

e Te

mp

le Q

uar

ter

is a

n E

nter

pris

e Zo

ne a

nd

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op

ened

new

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ice

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e an

d IT

sp

ecia

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bu

sin

ess

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Engi

ne

Shed

- c

ost

£1.

7m a

nd

ho

me

to 1

8 n

ew h

igh

tec

h

bu

sin

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s).

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has

bee

n h

elp

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y th

e ad

dit

ion

of

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road

ban

d a

nd

th

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ectr

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nd

on

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ron

men

tal:

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sto

l was

th

e 20

15 E

uro

pea

n G

reen

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ital

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was

th

e fi

rst

city

to

ach

ieve

th

e aw

ard

. It

dev

elo

ped

th

e In

tegr

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tra

nsp

ort

sys

tem

(IT

S) t

o im

pro

ve t

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con

nec

tivi

ty a

nd

ef

fici

ent

of

bu

ses

to r

edu

ce c

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se a

nd

aim

to

incr

ease

th

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um

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of

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thro

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ays.

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lso

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th

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oo

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us.

15

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Geo

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ear

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e d

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the

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and

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and

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ix a

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lash

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and

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mp

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ch a

s H

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shib

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ant

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fiel

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nd

. (ea

sier

an

d c

hea

per

to

bu

ild o

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op

men

t o

f 12

00 h

om

es h

as b

een

bu

ilt o

n la

nd

at

Har

ry S

toke

, wit

h

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mo

re p

lan

ned

to

be

com

ple

ted

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cal p

eop

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bje

cted

bec

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ill

incr

ease

co

nge

stio

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nim

al h

abit

ats

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ect

the

loca

l flo

od

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sto

l Har

bo

urs

ide:

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edev

elo

pm

ent

of

old

bro

wnf

ield

sit

e b

uild

ings

– h

elp

to

reg

ener

ate

a p

oo

rly

run

do

wn

par

t o

f th

e ci

ty. M

ean

s th

e p

eop

le s

till

live

in t

he

city

cen

tre

keep

ing

it

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rant

an

d r

edu

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g co

mm

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ng.

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t re

no

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on

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n c

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ly a

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no

t ev

eryo

ne

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app

y ab

ou

t h

ow

it lo

oks

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he

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rth

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lan

ned

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bro

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ield

sit

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y 20

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200

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ly 6

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om

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ere

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ilt o

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reen

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ites

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te

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po

sal

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pra

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and

co

mm

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ts

Tem

ple

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uar

ter

Reg

ener

atio

n

Inte

grat

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tran

spo

rt

Was

te r

ecyc

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The

pro

cess

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extr

acti

ng

and

re

usi

ng

use

ful s

ub

stan

ces

fou

nd

in w

aste

Lan

dfi

llth

e d

isp

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was

te

mat

eria

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bu

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pec

ially

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eth

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in a

nd

rec

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vate

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its.

Rec

yclin

gth

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tio

n o

r p

roce

ss o

f co

nver

tin

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aste

into

re

usa

ble

mat

eria

l.

Urb

an S

pra

wl:

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exp

ansi

on

(g

row

th)

of

a ci

ty o

r to

wn

in

to t

he

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unt

rysi

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Bra

dle

y St

oke

is U

RB

AN

SPR

AW

L

Co

mm

ute

r Se

ttle

men

t: A

vi

llage

/ t

ow

n w

her

e p

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live

bu

t tr

avel

els

ewh

ere

to

wo

rk. U

sual

ly t

he

nea

rest

ci

ty.

Urb

an s

pra

wl

Ad

vant

ages

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op

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an li

ve in

ple

asan

t se

mi r

ura

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as●

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ess

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oto

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rpo

rts

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usi

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ou

t o

f to

wn

sh

op

pin

g ce

ntre

sD

isad

vant

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ss o

f ag

ricu

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and

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iffe

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nsp

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m

eth

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nn

ect

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, mak

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oo

ther

an

d

ther

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ran

spo

rt m

ore

ap

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ter

inte

grat

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ou

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mo

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rt a

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ou

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ple

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te c

ar u

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o p

ub

lic m

od

es o

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ansp

ort

, wh

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sh

ou

ld b

e m

ore

su

stai

nab

le. I

t m

ay a

lso

lead

to

a fa

ll in

co

nge

stio

n d

ue

to le

ss r

oad

use

rs.

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rove

d a

cces

s to

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sto

l Cit

y C

entr

e: C

ycle

net

wo

rk a

nd

Im

pro

vem

ents

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Bri

sto

l Tem

ple

Mea

ds

stat

ion

s.

Bri

sto

l Har

bo

urs

ide:

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edev

elo

pm

ent

of

old

bro

wnf

ield

sit

e b

uild

ings

– h

elp

to

re

gen

erat

e a

po

orl

y ru

nd

ow

n p

art

of

the

city

. Mea

ns

the

peo

ple

sti

ll liv

e in

th

e ci

ty c

entr

e ke

epin

g it

vib

rant

an

d

red

uci

ng

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mu

tin

g.B

ut

ren

ova

tio

n h

as b

een

co

stly

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d n

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ever

yon

e is

hap

py

abo

ut

ho

w it

loo

ks.

Tem

ple

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arte

r b

efo

re R

egen

erat

ion

:Th

e Te

mp

le Q

uar

ter

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n a

rea

of

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sto

l cit

y ce

ntre

th

at is

loca

ted

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mai

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pp

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cent

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rn o

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illen

niu

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area

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ver

y ru

n d

ow

n.

It g

ave

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pre

ssio

n t

o t

he

visi

tors

dri

vin

g in

fro

m t

he

sou

th.

Old

ind

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ere

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ty e

.g. B

rist

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rks.

Old

ind

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lan

d –

old

die

sel d

epo

t.Te

mp

le Q

uar

ter

Reg

ener

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n p

roje

ct:

●En

terp

rise

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ne

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us:

Off

er in

cent

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ve t

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per

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T in

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Elec

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ess

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nd

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atin

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ster

co

nn

ecti

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etw

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ties

.3.

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Engi

ne

Shed

The

re-u

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lam

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gdo

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run

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his

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edC

ost

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d w

ith

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per

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Ho

me

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igh

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16

Year

10

, His

tory

Cyc

le 4

– H

enry

and

His

Min

iste

rs  

Wee

k O

ne-R

ise

of W

olse

y  

Wee

k Tw

o- W

olse

y’s

Polic

ies

 K

ey W

ords

 A

lter

Rex

- se

cond

Kin

g  

Car

dina

l - h

ighe

st r

elig

ious

offi

ce  

Cha

plai

n -

a pr

iest

who

hol

ds s

ervi

ces

for

a ki

ng o

r no

blem

an  

Roy

al A

lmon

er -

per

son

who

giv

es o

ut c

hari

ty m

oney

on

beha

lf of

the

kin

g  

Key

Dat

es  

1509

–H

enry

bec

omes

Kin

g  

1515

- W

olse

y be

com

es c

hanc

ello

r  

Key

Fac

ts-   

Hen

ry V

III –

Ren

aiss

ance

Pri

nce 1

8 ye

ars

old

– yo

ung

, ath

letic

, int

ellig

ent.M

arri

ed  

to C

athe

rine

of A

rago

n in

150

9Des

ired

glor

y th

roug

h w

ar ‘

war

is a

kin

gly

purs

uit’.

He

 w

as in

telli

gent

spo

ke m

any

lang

uage

sRel

igio

us –

he

had

been

des

tined

to

go in

to t

he  

chur

ch –

wro

te a

boo

k ca

lled

Def

ende

r of

the

Fai

th  

Tho

mas

Wol

sey .

Son

of a

but

cher

from

Ipsw

ich/

gra

duat

ed a

t O

xfor

d U

nive

rsity

 ag

ed 1

5. R

ealis

ing

bein

g a

prie

st w

ould

furt

her

his

care

er.(C

hapl

in, r

oyal

alm

oner

,  Bi

shop

of L

inco

ln, A

rchb

isho

p of

Yor

k, c

ardi

nal,

Papa

l Leg

ate,

Lor

d ch

ance

llor)

. He

was

 in

telli

gent

, mot

ivat

ed, h

ard

wor

king

and

wel

l org

anis

ed.H

e or

gani

sed

Hen

ry’s

fren

ch  

cam

paig

n ge

ttin

g m

en a

nd e

quip

men

t to

the

bat

tlefie

ld a

nd in

ret

urn

he b

ecam

e  

Hen

ry’s

chie

f min

iste

r.  

   

Key

Wor

ds  

Am

icab

le G

rant

- a

frie

ndly

gift

of m

oney

- g

iven

by

the

nobi

lity

to t

he k

ing

to s

how

 th

eir

love

for

him

 C

ourt

of S

tar

Cha

mbe

r -

a sp

ecia

l law

cou

rt w

here

cas

es a

gain

st t

he n

obili

ty c

ould

be

 tr

ied

 D

omes

tic -

thi

ngs

that

hap

pene

d in

Eng

land

 El

tham

Ord

inan

ces–

cha

nges

to

Kin

gs h

ouse

hold

to

redu

ce s

pend

ing

/ red

uced

num

ber

 of

peo

ple

clos

e to

the

kin

g  

Encl

osur

es –

are

as o

f com

mon

land

tha

t th

e no

bilit

y w

ere

putt

ing

fenc

es r

ound

 K

ey D

ates

 15

12 –

Bat

tle o

f Spu

rs

151

7 -

Enc

losu

res

 15

18 –

Tre

aty

of L

ondo

n

15

20 –

Fie

ld o

f Clo

th o

f Gol

d  

1522

-5 –

War

with

Fra

nce

152 5

– A

mic

able

Gra

nt  

Key

Fac

ts  

From

151

7 he

ld 2

60 c

ases

aga

inst

Enc

losu

res

but

nobi

lity

did

it an

yway

.  

Star

Cha

mbe

r -

rich

cou

ld b

ring

cas

es a

gain

st t

he r

ich

 Su

bsid

y –

refo

rmed

tax

es m

ade

them

bas

ed o

n in

com

eAm

icab

le G

rant

– n

oble

tax

to

 pa

y fo

r F

renc

h w

ar c

ause

d a

rebe

llion

(Su

ffolk

). H

enry

sid

ed w

ith n

obili

ty  

Elth

am O

rdin

ance

s –

got

rid

of s

ick

and

old

serv

ants

/ cut

spe

ndin

g on

food

. Red

uced

 pr

ivy

cham

ber

from

12 t

o 6.

Hen

ry d

idn’

t ac

cept

it  

Fore

ign

Polic

y –

Wol

sey

Batt

le o

f Spu

rs (

Fran

ce –

cap

ture

d To

urna

i and

 T

hero

uann

e)O

ppon

ents

Fra

ncis

1 st

(Fr

ance

) C

harl

es V

(Sp

ain)

Pap

al S

tate

s ,  

Scot

land

.152

0 –

Fiel

d of

clo

th o

f Gol

d H

enry

and

Fra

ncis

try

ing

to o

utdo

eac

h ot

her

–  

prev

ent

war

with

Fra

nce

– ga

in s

tatu

s. W

olse

y pl

ayed

Fra

nce

and

Spai

n of

f aga

inst

eac

h  

othe

r. Fr

ance

and

Spa

in a

t w

ar .

Engl

and

back

ed S

pain

at

the

Trea

ty o

f Bru

ge w

hen

 Fr

anci

s w

as t

aken

hos

tage

at

the

Batt

le o

f Pav

ia..E

ngla

nd s

igne

d th

e Tr

eaty

of M

ore

with

 Fr

ance

agr

eein

g no

t to

inva

de in

ret

urn

for

the

Fren

ch p

ensi

on.

  

         

17

Wee

k T

hree

- T

he F

all o

f Wol

sey/

The

Ann

ulm

ent

 W

eek

Four

- R

ise

of C

rom

wel

l and

the

Bre

ak w

ith

Rom

e  

Key

Wor

ds  

Ann

ulm

ent

- en

ding

of t

he m

arri

age

 C

onsu

mm

ate–

a m

arri

age

com

plet

ed b

y th

e se

xual

act

 D

ispe

nsat

ion

- Po

pe g

rant

ing

spec

ial p

erm

issi

on  

Prae

mun

ire -

cri

me

of s

ervi

ng a

fore

ign

pow

er  

Key

Dat

es  

1527

– H

enry

dec

ides

to

seek

an

annu

lmen

t fr

om C

athe

rine

 15

27-3

0 -

Wol

sey

atte

mpt

s to

get

the

ann

ulm

ent

 15

28 –

Hen

ry d

ecla

res

war

on

Cha

rles

V  

1528

- W

olse

y t

ries

to

get

the

annu

lmen

t he

ard

in E

ngla

nd  

1530

– W

olse

y fa

lls fr

om p

ower

and

die

s  

Key

Fact

s W

olse

y de

laye

d as

king

the

Pop

e fo

r a

divo

rce

thin

king

Hen

ry’s

love

for

Ann

e  

wou

ld fa

de. W

olse

y ap

proa

ched

Pop

e C

lem

ent

VII

to a

sk fo

r th

e an

nulm

ent.

The

Pop

e  

sent

Car

dina

l Cam

pegg

io t

o En

glan

d to

lead

a c

omm

issi

on t

o de

cide

on

Hen

ry’s

 m

arri

age.

 H

enry

bel

ieve

d hi

s m

arri

age

shou

ld b

e an

nulle

d be

caus

e C

athe

rine

had

pre

viou

sly  

been

mar

ried

to

his

brot

her

Art

hur.

He

foun

d a

vers

e in

the

Bib

le L

eviti

cus

20 w

hich

 sa

id if

you

mar

ry y

our

brot

her’s

wife

you

r m

arri

a ge

will

be

child

less

. Cat

heri

ne d

enie

d  

that

Art

hur

and

her

had

ever

con

sum

mat

e th

eir

mar

riag

e. A

s th

e co

mm

issi

on w

as  

delib

erat

ing

the

Pope

bec

ame

a pr

ison

er o

f Cat

heri

ne’s

neph

ew C

harl

es V

. Cam

pegg

io  

was

rec

alle

d to

Rom

e. W

olse

y w

as c

harg

ed w

ith p

raem

unire

. he

die

d be

fore

he

coul

d  

be c

harg

ed  

Key

Wor

ds  

Supr

emac

y -

hold

s po

wer

ove

r so

met

hing

 Su

cces

sion

- w

ho s

houl

d co

mes

nex

t as

the

kin

g  

Key

Dat

es  

1524

- C

rom

wel

l em

ploy

ed b

y W

olse

y  

1529

- re

mai

ned

loya

l to

Wol

sey

and

this

impr

esse

d H

enry

 15

33-

Cro

mw

ell b

ecam

e C

hanc

ello

r of

the

Exc

hequ

er  

1533

- H

enry

mar

ried

Ann

e in

sec

ret

and

Eliz

abet

h is

bor

n in

Sep

tem

ber

 15

34 -

Act

of S

ucce

ssio

n m

ade

Eliz

abet

h he

ir t

o th

e th

rone

 15

34 –

Hen

ry’s

chie

f min

iste

rAct

of S

upre

mac

y m

ade

Hen

ry H

ead

of t

he C

hurc

h in

 En

glan

d  

Key

Fact

s  

QU

ALI

TIE

S:-

lega

lly t

rain

ed, e

xper

ienc

ed a

s an

MP,

loya

l, in

telli

gent

, inv

entiv

e ‘M

r Fi

xit’

 A

NN

ULM

ENT:

- C

rom

wel

l rea

lised

tha

t th

e Po

pe w

as n

ever

goi

ng t

o gr

ant

the

 an

nulm

ent

so h

e w

orke

d to

free

Eng

land

from

Rom

e.H

e be

gan

with

an

Act

of P

arlia

men

t  

to p

ut H

enry

in c

ontr

ol o

f tax

es a

nd c

hurc

h la

ws.

Mad

e C

ranm

er A

rchb

isho

p of

 C

ante

rbur

y an

d he

was

will

ing

to s

ay H

enry

’s m

arri

age

to C

athe

rine

was

inva

lid. H

e al

so  

agre

ed t

o m

arry

Hen

ry a

nd A

nne

secr

etly

hav

ing

annu

lled

the

mar

riag

e.Fi

nally

in 1

534

 A

ct o

f Sup

rem

acy

mad

e H

enry

Hea

d of

the

Chu

rch

in E

ngla

nd. E

very

one

had

to t

ake

an  

oath

rec

ogni

sing

Hen

ry a

s H

ead

of t

he c

hurc

h, a

nyon

e w

ho d

idn’

t w

as c

harg

ed w

ith  

trea

son

 

Wee

k Fi

ve -

Rel

igio

us C

hang

es  

Wee

k Si

x- F

all o

f Ann

e B

oley

n  

Key

Wor

ds  

Mon

aste

ry -

pla

ce w

here

mon

ks a

nd n

uns

live

 su

bmis

sion

- pu

ttin

g th

em u

nder

con

trol

 D

isso

lutio

n -

gett

ing

rid

of m

onas

teri

es  

Key

Dat

es  

1521

- H

enry

wro

te a

boo

k ag

ains

t Pr

otes

tant

ism

and

rec

eive

d th

e tit

le D

efen

der

of  

the

Faith

. He

was

a s

tron

g C

atho

lic a

nd u

nder

him

Eng

land

was

alw

ays

a C

atho

lic  

coun

try.

 15

32 -

Sub

mis

sion

of C

lerg

y -

Hen

ry n

ot t

he P

ope

wou

ld a

ppro

ve a

ll re

ligio

us la

ws

 

Key

Wor

ds  

Adu

ltery

- s

leep

ing

with

som

eone

who

is n

ot y

our

husb

and

 Ke

y D

ates

 15

36-

Ann

e m

isca

rrie

d a

mal

e ch

ild /

Hen

ry in

love

with

Jane

Sey

mou

r/ c

omm

issi

on t

o  

inve

stig

ate

Ann

e / A

nne’

s tr

ial a

nd e

xecu

ti on

/ Hen

ry m

arri

ed Ja

ne  

1537

– E

dwar

d bo

rn  

The

Sey

mou

rs  

Edw

ard

- m

ade

Vis

coun

t Be

auch

amp

- sp

ent

a lo

t of

tim

e in

cou

rt  

18

1533

- A

ct in

Res

trai

nt o

f App

eals

- s

topp

ed p

eopl

e ap

peal

ing

to t

he P

ope

for

help

 15

34 -

Tre

ason

Act

- a

ltere

d th

e la

w s

o th

at it

was

tre

ason

able

to

call

Hen

ry o

r A

nne

 a

here

tic o

r su

ppor

t th

e Po

pe  

1536

- D

isso

lutio

n of

the

sm

alle

r m

onas

teri

es -

tho

se w

ith a

n in

com

e of

und

er £

200

  

-A

ct o

f 10

Art

icle

s -

redu

ced

the

sacr

amen

ts fr

om 7

to

3 (o

nly

Bapt

ism

,  Eu

rcar

ist

and

pray

ing

for

your

ow

n si

ns t

o re

mai

n)  

-Pi

lgri

mag

e of

Gra

ce  

1538

- R

oyal

Inju

nctio

n cr

eate

d En

glis

h Bi

ble

/ rem

oved

Hol

y R

elic

s fr

om c

hurc

hes

/  in

sist

ed c

hurc

hes

kept

rec

ords

 

-A

ct fo

r 6

Art

icle

s -

shift

bac

k to

Cat

holic

ism

- m

ass

allo

wed

in p

riva

te/ p

ries

ts  

coul

d no

t m

arry

 

1539

- A

ct fo

r D

isso

lutio

n of

Gre

ater

mon

aste

ries

- c

lose

d al

l rem

aini

ng m

onas

teri

es  

Key

Fact

s  

  Rel

igio

us o

ppos

ition

Eliz

abet

h Ba

rton

- n

un o

f Ken

t -

at 1

6 sh

e sa

id s

he s

aw a

vis

ion

of  

the

Vir

gin

Mar

y . S

he s

aid

Hen

ry w

ould

die

or

lose

his

thr

one

if he

mar

ried

Ann

e. s

he  

told

him

to

his

face

. Exe

cute

d fo

r tr

easo

n  

  John

Fis

her

- su

ppor

ted

Cat

heri

ne o

f Ara

gon.

Ref

used

to

sign

the

Act

s of

suc

cess

ion

 or

sup

rem

acy.

Exec

uted

eve

n th

ough

he

was

dyi

ng.  

  Tho

mas

Mor

e -

Lord

cha

ncel

lor

and

Hen

ry’s

frie

nd. R

efus

ed t

o si

gn t

he A

ct o

f  su

cces

sion

. He

wan

ted

to r

etire

to

the

coun

trys

ide.

He

refu

sed

to s

ay a

nyth

ing.

He

 w

as e

xecu

ted

for

sayi

ng t

reas

onab

le t

houg

hts

even

tho

ugh

he d

idn’

t sp

eak

 

Pilg

rim

age

of G

race

    Rob

ert

Ask

e -

orga

nise

d it

beca

use

the

mon

aste

ries

wer

e be

ing

shut

dow

n an

d th

is  

mea

nt p

eopl

e ha

d no

hel

p. H

e bl

amed

Tho

mas

Cro

mw

ell.3

0,00

0 pe

ople

gat

here

d in

 th

e N

orth

and

mar

ched

sou

th t

akin

g Po

ntef

ract

Cas

tle. D

uke

of N

orfo

lk w

as s

ent

to  

sort

it o

ut. H

e pr

omis

ed t

o he

lp t

hem

and

the

n w

hen

they

dis

pers

ed t

hey

wer

e  

arre

sted

and

hun

g.  

Tho

mas

- g

iven

land

s be

cam

e a

knig

ht a

nd e

vent

ually

mar

ries

Cat

heri

ne P

arr

- he

nry’s

 la

st w

ife  

Key

Fact

s  

Ann

e Bo

leyn

gav

e bi

rth

to E

lizab

eth

on 7

th S

epte

mbe

r 15

33 n

ot t

he b

oy H

enry

wan

ted.

 a

mal

e he

ir w

as n

eede

d to

ens

ure

the

Tudo

r dy

nast

y.In

1535

Hen

ry n

otic

ed Ja

ne  

Seym

our,

a la

dy in

wai

ting

for

Ann

e. S

he w

as a

com

plet

e op

posi

te t

o th

e lo

ud a

nd  

dem

andi

ng Q

ueen

. In

Janu

ary

153 6

Ann

e su

ffere

d a

mis

carr

aige

afte

r he

arin

g a

rum

our

 th

at H

enry

was

dea

d(he

fell

from

his

hor

se a

nd w

as u

ncon

scio

us fo

r tw

o ho

urs)

. Hen

ry  

did

not

belie

ve t

his

was

an

acci

dent

and

tho

ught

tha

t G

od w

as p

unis

hing

him

for  

mar

ryin

g A

nne

whi

le h

e w

as s

till m

arri

ed t

o C

athe

rine

.

  

Hen

ry a

nd A

nne

atte

nded

the

May

Day

Jous

t. H

alf w

ay t

hrou

gh t

he K

ing

left

and

seve

ral  

cour

tiers

wer

e ar

rest

ed a

ccus

ed o

f com

mitt

ing

adul

tery

with

the

que

en.F

ive

men

wer

e  

accu

sed

of a

dulte

ry in

clud

ing

Ann

e’s

own

brot

her

Geo

rge

Bole

yn. C

rom

wel

l int

erro

gate

d  

all m

en a

nd p

rodu

ced

evid

ence

.  

19

Wee

k Se

ven

- C

rom

wel

l’s R

efor

ms

 W

eek

Eig

ht- A

nne

of C

leve

s an

d th

e Fa

ll of

Cro

mw

ell

 Ke

y W

ords

 w

ard

- a

min

or p

rote

cted

by

the

cour

t  

Key

Dat

es  

1530

-154

0  

Key

Fact

s  

QU

ALI

TIE

S:-

lega

lly t

rain

ed, e

xper

ienc

ed a

s an

MP,

loya

l, in

telli

gent

, inv

entiv

e ‘M

r Fi

xit’

 

AN

NU

LMEN

T:-

Brea

k fr

om R

ome-

Act

of P

arlia

men

t pu

t H

enry

in c

ontr

ol o

f tax

es  

and

chur

ch la

ws.

Mad

e C

ranm

er A

rchb

isho

p of

Can

terb

ury

who

mar

ried

Ann

e  

secr

etly

hav

ing

annu

lled

the

mar

riag

e. 1

534

Act

of S

upre

mac

y m

ade

Hen

ry H

ead

of  

the

Chu

rch

in E

ngla

nd  

CRO

MW

ELL’

S RO

LE:-

mak

e su

re e

very

one

subm

itted

to

Hen

ry a

s H

ead

of t

he  

Chu

rch.

UN

ited

Engl

and

and

Wal

es. C

ontr

olle

d fo

reig

n po

licy

 

CRO

MW

ELL’

S R

EFO

RM

S:-

 

Cri

me

and

just

ice-

153

6-la

w a

bolis

hed

liber

ties

(pla

ces

whe

re t

he k

ings

law

did

n’t

 co

unt)

. 154

0 ab

olis

hed

sanc

tuar

y  

Roy

al p

ower

:- 15

36-

Act

of U

nion

– E

nglis

h la

ws

appl

ied

in w

ales

. Cou

ncil

of t

he  

Nor

th r

eorg

anis

ed t

o de

al w

ith s

erio

us c

rim

es li

ke m

urde

r an

d tr

easo

n- im

prov

ed  

loya

lty. I

rela

nd –

incr

ease

d co

ntro

l of t

he P

ale

 

Fina

nce

:- co

urt

of A

rgum

enta

tions

– h

andl

ed m

oney

from

the

mon

aste

ries

. Cro

wn

 to

ok c

ontr

ol o

f the

est

ates

of m

inor

s  

Parl

iam

ent:-

hou

se o

f Com

mon

s fo

rced

to

vote

.Tho

se n

ot a

gree

ing

with

kin

g to

ld t

o  

stay

hom

e  

 

Key

Wor

ds  

Dip

lom

atic

mar

riag

e -

a m

arri

age

mad

e to

arr

ange

an

allia

nce

 Ke

y D

ates

 15

40 a

rran

ged

the

Cle

ves

mar

riag

e  

Key

Fact

s  

Hen

ry h

ad r

efus

ed t

o co

nsid

er m

arri

age

afte

r th

e de

ath

of Ja

ne S

eym

our

but

he s

till o

nly

 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

 ha

d on

e so

n. C

rom

wel

l per

suad

ed h

im t

o co

nsid

er a

fore

ign

mar

riag

e to

giv

e En

glan

d an

 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

allia

nce

agai

nst

Fran

ce.H

enry

had

Ann

e’s

port

rait

but

whe

n he

saw

her

in

real

life

he

 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

thou

ght

of h

er a

s ‘F

land

ers

Mar

e’.

Cro

mw

ell

pers

uade

d hi

m t

o m

arry

her

eve

n so

and

 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

whe

n H

enry

reg

rett

ed it

he

blam

ed C

rom

wel

l.  

EXEC

UT

ION

:- Bi

ll of

Att

aind

er c

harg

ed C

rom

wel

l with

tre

ason

so

he h

ad n

o ch

ance

to

 de

fend

him

self.

Acc

used

of p

rote

ctin

g pr

otes

tant

s/ p

lott

ing

to m

arry

Mar

y Tu

dor/

try

ing

 to

mak

e hi

mse

lf gr

eat.

 

Rea

ls r

easo

ns:-

 

Am

bitio

us fo

r po

wer

- pl

anni

ng t

o m

arry

Mar

y no

evi

denc

e of

thi

s an

d sh

e w

as a

Cat

holic

.  H

owev

er t

his

was

tre

ason

and

pun

isha

ble

by d

eath

 

Enem

ies:

- D

uke

of N

orfo

lk d

idn’

t lik

e hi

s lo

w b

irth

and

wan

ted

Engl

and

to b

e m

ore

 ca

thol

ic. H

e al

so w

ante

d to

mar

ry h

is d

augh

ter

to H

enry

(K

athe

rine

How

ard)

> he

 be

lieve

d w

ithou

t C

rom

wel

l he

wou

ld b

e ab

le t

o ge

t cl

oser

to

the

king

 

Hen

ry's

pers

onal

ity- H

is il

l hea

lth m

ade

him

an

angr

y ty

rant

. He

was

qui

ck t

o bl

ame

 ot

hers

and

had

ter

ribl

e m

ood

swin

gs.N

orfo

lk c

onvi

nced

him

tha

t C

rom

wel

l was

the

 re

ason

for

all h

is p

robl

ems

 

20

Art, Craft and Design  

   

WEEK 1 & 4:   Assessment Objective 3: Reflective Recording - Record ideas, observations and insights relevant to intentions as work progresses.  

Methods of Recording   Colour Theory  

Observational drawing   Drawing from looking at images or objects.   Primary : Red, Yellow, Blue  Secondary : Primary + Primary  Tertiary : Primary + Secondary  Shades : Add black  Tints : Add white  

First hand observation   Drawing directly from looking at objects in front of you.  

Second hand observation   Drawing from looking at images of objects.  

Photographs   Using a camera or smartphone to record images will  class as first hand observation.  

Complimentary : Colours opposite on the colour  wheel  Harmonious : Colours next to each other on the  wheel  Monochromatic : Shades, tones and tints of one  colour  Hue : The pigment  Warm : Red, Orange, Yellow  Cold : Blue, Green, Purple  

Sketches   Basic sketches and doodles can act as a starting point  for development.  

Tonal shading   Produce a range of tones by varying the pressure and  layering - consider using softer pencils for darker shades.    

Developing your idea as a  final piece.    

Rough - A basic sketch of a  final idea  A Visual/Maquette - A small  image or model created in the  selected materials  Final Piece - An image or  sculpture pulling all preparatory  work together  

 

WEEK 2 & 5:  Assessment Objective 1: Contextual Understanding - Develop ideas through investigations, demonstrating critical understanding of sources.  

Artists/Designers  

 

Alexander Rodchenko. was one of the most versatile constructivist and productivist artists to  emerge after the Russian Revolution . He worked as a painter and graphic designer before turning to  photomontage and photography. His photography was socially engaged, formally innovative, and  opposed to a painterly aesthetic. Concerned with the need for analytical-documentary photo series,  he often shot his subjects from odd angles—usually high above or down below—to shock the viewer  and to postpone recognition. He wrote: "One has to take several different shots of a subject, from  different points of view and in different situations, as if one examined it in the round rather than  looked through the same key-hole again and again."  

 Ian Murphy  Ian Murphy works in a variety of drawing, printing and painting techniques to produce large bold canvasses.  The character and eroded architecture of Venice  has been the inspiration for much of his work. He experiments with collage to create a textured base for his  detailed pen and ink work. The colours and mark making used within his work creates a very sad and  gloomy effect.     

The emotion in his work makes you wonder who, if anybody, lives in the buildings he draws. Look closely to  see the different materials and techniques used within the artwork. What would happen if you changed the  colours used? Would this change the emotion of the piece of work?  

21

 

    

 

WEEK 3 & 6:  Assessment Objective 2: Creative Making - refine work by exploring ideas and experimenting with appropriate media, materials, techniques  and processes.  

Media   The substance that an artist uses to make art.  

Materials   The same as media but can also refer to the basis of the art work eg. canvas, paper, clay.  

Techniques   The method used to complete the art work, can be generic such as painting or more focused such as blending.  

Processes   The method used to create artwork that usually follows a range of steps rather than just one skill.  

Pencil   The basic tool for drawing, can be used for linear work or for shading. Coloured pencils can be layered to blend colours, some  are water soluble.  

Pen/Biro   Drawings can be completed in pen and shaded using hatching or cross hatching.  

Pastel/Chalk   Oil and chalk pastels can be used to blend colours smoothly, chalk pastels give a lighter effect.  

Acrylic paint   A thick heavy paint that can be used smoothly or to create texture.  

Watercolour   A solid or liquid paint that is to be used watered down and layered.  

Pressprint   A polystyrene sheet that can be drawn into, to print the negative image - can be used more than once.  

Monoprint   Where ink is transferred onto paper by drawing over a prepared surface. Only one print is produced using pressure in certain  areas.  

Collograph   A printing plate constructed of collaged materials, producing prints that are based on textures.  

Card  construction  

Sculptures created by building up layers of card or fitting together.  

Wire   Thick or thin wire manipulated to create 2D or 3D forms.  

Clay   A soft, natural, substance used for sculpting. When fired, it can be glazed to create shiny colourful surfaces. Different  techniques included pinching, slab forming, coil building, hand built and wheel thrown.  

WEEK 3 & 6:  Assessment Objective 1: Contextual Understanding - Develop ideas through investigations, demonstrating critical  understanding of sources.  

TIER 2 Vocabulary and definitions   TIER 3 Vocabulary and definitions  

Versatile - able to adapt or be adapted to many different  functions or activities.  Revolution - a forcible overthrow of a government or social  order.  Innovative - introducing new ideas; original and creative in  thinking.  Aesthetic - the appreciation of beauty.  Analytical - documentary - research based work  Postpone - to wait  Recognition - acknowledgement of something  Societies - a community of people  Transform - to change  Reconstruction - to rebuild  Restoration - to repair  Decay - To deconstruct with age  Alludes - to suggest  

Artistic - relating to art  Art Movement - a style in art with a common theme or idea  within a certain time period  Constructivist - art movement started in Russia  Graphic Designer - a creative profession  Photomontage - a collage with photographs  Photography - capturing images with a camera  Urban landscape - man made environment  Geometric - mathematical shapes  Architecture - the design of buildings  Compositional - the layout or design of an image    

22

Wee

kKe

y Kno

wle

dge

Key t

erm

sCo

ntex

tual

info

rmat

ion

1

Aim

s and

Ob

ject

ives

Finan

cial a

ims

Non

finan

cial a

ims

Obje

ctiv

e –A

n in

crem

enta

l ste

p to

hel

p a

busin

ess

achi

eve

an A

im.

Aim

s and

obj

ectiv

es w

ill ch

ange

ove

r tim

e an

d de

pend

ing

on th

e siz

e of

a b

usin

ess.

A ne

w b

usin

ess w

ill w

ant t

o su

rviv

e in

its f

irst y

ear

whe

reas

an

esta

blish

ed b

usin

ess w

ill w

ant t

o m

ake

a pr

ofit

and

grow

th.

A sm

all b

usin

ess m

ight

be

focu

sed

on p

rofit

whe

re a

s a

larg

e bu

sines

s mig

ht w

ant t

o in

crea

se m

arke

t sha

re o

r m

ove

into

new

mar

kets

Surv

ival

Satis

fact

ion

SMAR

T –

Spec

ific/

Mea

sura

ble/

Achi

evab

le/R

ealis

tic/

Tim

e bo

und

Prof

itCh

alle

nge

Socia

l ent

erpr

ise –

A bu

sines

s set

up

to su

ppor

t a so

cial

or co

mm

unity

nee

dGr

owth

Cont

rol

Wee

kKe

y Kno

wle

dge

Form

ula

Cont

extu

al in

form

atio

n

2

Reve

nue

and

cost

s

Reve

nue

–M

oney

from

the

sale

of p

rodu

cts o

r ser

vice

sRe

venu

e =

Price

X Qu

antit

yTh

ey a

re lo

ts o

f diff

eren

t wor

dsfo

r mon

ey in

bus

ines

s. It

is im

port

ant t

hat y

ou sp

end

lots

of y

ou o

wn

time

to

revi

se th

eir m

eani

ngs

Varia

ble

cost

s –Co

sts t

hat c

hang

e w

ith o

utpu

t (or

sale

s)

Fixe

d co

sts –

Cost

s tha

t hav

e to

pai

d w

heth

er a

bus

ines

s pr

oduc

es/s

ells

one

or a

mill

ion

Tota

l cos

ts (T

C) =

Fixe

d co

sts (

FC) +

Var

iabl

e co

sts

(VC)

Tota

l cos

ts –

All c

osts

incu

rred

by

a bu

sines

s (Fi

xed

cost

s and

va

riabl

es c

osts

add

ed to

geth

er)

Wee

kKe

y Kno

wle

dge

Key t

erm

sCo

ntex

tual

info

rmat

ion

3Pr

ofit

and

loss

Inte

rest

Prof

it –

The

mon

ey le

ft af

ter a

ll th

e co

sts h

ave

been

pai

d fro

m

the

reve

nue

take

nIn

com

e st

atem

ent –

An a

ccou

ntin

g do

cum

ent t

hat s

how

s al

l of t

he m

oney

that

has

com

e in

and

will

go

out o

f a

busin

ess.

Prof

it is

the

mos

t im

port

ant a

im fo

r any

bus

ines

sGr

ossp

rofit

show

s whe

ther

they

are

pay

ing

too

muc

h fo

r the

ir va

riabl

e co

sts a

nd w

heth

er th

ey a

re p

ricin

g th

eir p

rodu

ct a

ppro

pria

tely

Net p

rofit

show

s how

muc

h yo

u ar

e pa

ying

for y

our

fixed

cost

s lik

e re

nt o

r mar

ketin

g. T

his m

ight

show

an

entr

epre

neur

they

nee

d to

cons

ider

relo

catio

n or

ch

eape

r pro

mot

iona

l met

hods

Loss

–W

hen

the

busin

ess t

akes

less

reve

nue

that

its c

osts

Net p

rofit

–Th

e pr

ofit

afte

r all

cost

s hav

e be

en p

aid

Inte

rest

–Th

e ex

tra

that

is p

aid

whe

n bo

rrow

ing

mon

eyfo

rm

a fin

ancia

l ins

titut

ion

Gros

s pro

fit –

The

prof

it af

ter v

aria

ble

cost

s hav

e be

en

paid

(Cos

t of s

ales

)

Wee

kKe

yKno

wle

dge

Form

ula

Cont

extu

alin

form

atio

n

4

Brea

keve

n

Brea

keve

n le

vel o

f out

put –

The

abou

t a b

usin

ess m

ust

prod

uce/

sell

to m

ake

no lo

ss a

nd n

o pr

ofit

Brea

keve

n =

Fixe

d co

sts

Selli

ng p

rice

–Va

riabl

e co

sts

Mar

gin

of sa

fety

-Th

e ex

pect

ed sa

les l

ess t

he b

reak

even

sale

sM

oS= Ac

tual

sale

s –Br

eake

ven

sale

s

=Bus

ines

s Stu

dies

Y

10

Kno

wle

dge

Orga

nise

r 1

.3

23

Wee

kKe

y Kno

wle

dge

Cash

flow

char

t

5

Cash

flow

Cash

flow

fore

cast

–In

flow

s and

out

flow

s tha

t are

exp

ecte

d fo

r a b

usin

ess i

n a

give

n tim

e pe

riod.

It is

a P

REDI

CTIO

N

Net c

ash

flow

–In

flow

s min

us o

utflo

ws

Open

ing

bala

nce

–Th

e am

ount

of m

oney

a b

usin

ess h

as a

t the

beg

inni

ng o

f a tr

adin

g pe

riod

Clos

ing

bala

nce

–th

e am

ount

of m

oney

a b

usin

ess h

as a

t the

end

of a

trad

ing

perio

d

Wee

kKe

y Kno

wle

dge

5

Cash

flow

Empl

oyee

s –A

busin

ess w

ill n

eed

to p

ay it

s wor

kers

if th

ey a

re to

cont

inue

to w

ork f

or

the

com

pany

Supp

liers

–If

a bu

sines

s wan

ts to

bui

ld a

goo

d re

latio

nshi

p w

ith it

s sup

plie

rs th

en it

will

ne

ed to

pay

them

on

time

Pay e

xpen

ses –

In o

rder

for t

he b

usin

ess t

o co

ntin

ue to

run

it w

ill n

eed

to p

ay it

s ren

t an

d bi

lls

Wee

kKe

y Ter

ms

6

Finan

ce

Reta

ined

pro

fit –

Mon

ey sa

ved

by th

e bu

sines

s fro

m p

revi

ous

prof

it

Loan

–M

oney

bor

row

ed fr

om a

fina

ncia

l ins

titut

ion,

us

ually

a lo

ng te

rm so

urce

of f

inan

ce.T

he b

usin

ess

will

nee

d to

pay

inte

rest

Trad

e cr

edit

–A

shor

t ter

m

sour

ce o

f fin

ance

whe

reby

a

supp

lier w

ill p

rovi

de g

oods

but

no

t exp

ect p

aym

ent f

or a

m

onth

.

Shar

e ca

pita

l –M

oney

from

selli

ng sh

ares

in a

bu

sines

s. Th

e bu

sines

s will

nee

d to

pay

div

iden

ds to

th

e sh

areh

olde

r fro

m th

e pr

ofits

Key t

erm

sCo

ntex

tual

info

rmat

ion

Expe

nses

–an

out

flow

, usu

ally

fix

ed c

osts

A ca

sh fl

ow fo

reca

st m

ay sh

ow th

at th

ere

will

be

times

in th

e m

onth

whe

n a

busin

ess d

oes n

ot h

ave

enou

gh to

cove

r the

ir ou

tgoi

ngs.

You

will

see

a ne

gativ

e fig

ure

in th

e clo

sing

bala

nce

whe

n th

is ha

ppen

s. A

busin

ess m

ay d

ecid

e to

put

an

over

draf

t on

the

acco

unt t

o de

al w

ith th

is sh

ort f

all.

Pers

onal

savi

ngs –

An

entr

epre

neur

may

use

thei

r ow

n sa

ving

s in

orde

r to

star

t or

grow

thei

r bus

ines

s.

Vent

ure

capi

tal –

Mon

ey in

vest

edby

oth

er

entr

epre

neur

s who

will

then

ow

n a

stak

e in

you

r bu

sines

sPa

ymen

ts –

Expe

nses

or c

osts

pa

id b

y a

busin

ess

Over

draf

t –a

shor

t ter

m

sour

ce o

f fin

ance

pla

ced

on a

ba

nk a

ccou

nt th

at a

llow

s the

bu

sines

s to

spen

d m

ore

that

th

ey h

ave

in th

eir a

ccou

nt –

Very

exp

ensiv

e

Crow

dfun

ding

–M

oney

don

ated

, th

roug

h a

web

site,

by

peop

le w

ho h

ave

an in

tere

st in

you

rbu

sines

s. Th

ere

are

two

type

s of c

row

dfun

ding

. •

One

whe

re y

ou g

ive

a fre

e gi

ft or

som

e ki

nd o

f ex

clusiv

ity•

One

whe

re y

ou fi

ve a

shar

e of

the

busin

ess i

n re

turn

for a

shar

e in

the

prof

its

Rece

ipts

–An

inflo

w, u

sual

ly

reve

nue

Busin

ess S

tudi

es

Y10

K

now

ledg

e Or

gani

ser

1.3

24

Year 10 Computer Science - Network Protocols

Week 1: Standards and Protocols (TCP / IP, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, POP, IMAP, SMTP):

Keywords Knowledge

Protocol - A set of instructions that need to be followed.

HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol.

HTTPS - Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure.

POP - Post Office Protocol.

SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.

IMAP - Internet Messaging Access Protocol.

IP - Internet Protocol - Routes the individual packets from one IP address to another

TCP - Transmission Control Protocol - Breaks up messages sent over the Internet into small chunks called packets

● HTTP is used for accessing and receiving web pages via the Internet.

○ The protocol requests a web page from the web server.

● HTTPS encrypts the information so that it cannot be understood by an eavesdropper

○ Some specific types of site that use HTTPS are: ■ Banks – to prevent theft ■ Online shops – for bank and log in details ■ Social networks – for login details and

personal data ● POP will download every new message to your local device

and with them no longer being available on the server.

Example Question: How do we use Internet Protocols? Answer: These can be used to identify each device connected to a network.

Week 2: The concept of layers:

Keywords Knowledge

OSI Model - A framework used to describe functions of a networking system.

MAC Address - Media Access Control - A unique value assigned to a device for identification.

● The protocol stack defines four layers that enable communication on the Internet ● This is a modular design with each layer being responsible for a small part of the

communication process ● The four layers are divisions of network functionality, each carrying out different roles:

○ Application layer - Applications such as email clients and web browsers create data to send in this layer.

○ Transport layer - The Transport layer creates the connection between two computers, or ‘hosts’.

○ Internet layer - Source and destination addresses are written on to the packets ready for transmission.

○ Link layer - The link layer removes the MAC address and passes packets up to the Internet layer.

Example Question: Why are networks divided into layers? Answer: Hardware or software operate on a particular layer providing clear connections.

Week 3: Malware and Social engineering:

Keywords Knowledge

Malware - Malicious software.

Ransomware - Holds a computer hostage until a payment is made.

Trojan - Software that appears useful but is actually malicious.

Worms - Replicate themselves and slow down computer networks.

● Malware are executable programs that run on a computer. ● One type of malware that exists is a computer virus.

○ They replicate their code in other programs ○ They infect other computers ○ They harm the computer by deleting, ○ corrupting or modifying files

● Social engineering is the ability to obtain confidential information by asking people for it.

● Shoulder Surfing - Gaining information by watching the data that someone enters (passwords, bank details or personal information).

● Phishing - Emails, texts or phone calls are sent to users commonly pretending to be from a bank or website.

Example Question: Why do people create malicious software? Answer: To gain personal details for financial gain.

25

Year 10 Computer Science - Network Protocols

Week 4: Penetration Testing and Anti-Malware Software:

Keywords Knowledge

Encryption - Masking characters so that data cannot be read without an encryption key.

Firewall - Software/ hardware used to monitor incoming and outgoing traffic.

● Pen’ testing is the practice of deliberately trying to find security holes in your own systems. ● The goal of penetration testing is to:

○ identify the targets of potential attacks ○ identify possible entry points ○ attempt to break in ○ report back the findings

● Anti-malware software will detect malware such as viruses, worms, trojans, and spyware. ○ When a virus or new malware is detected it is sent to the anti-virus company. ○ They verify it is malware then create a signature of the virus. ○ They then add it to their virus database and tell computers to run an update.

Example Question: Why would we use Anti-virus software? Answer: To remove malicious software from our computers.

Week 5: Purpose and function of operating systems:

Keywords Knowledge

GUI - Graphical User Interface - allow users to see what they are interfacing with.

Interrupts - Signals sent by external devices to the CPU.

● System software is the software that provides a platform for other software to work ● Operating systems manage computer hardware, users and the resources used by software ● They are responsible for managing:

○ The user interface - User interfaces provide a method for users to interact with a computer.

○ Memory management - To run a program, the computer must copy the program from storage into main memory.

○ Multitasking - Multi-tasking is where an operating system manages many tasks happening at the same time.

○ Peripheral management and drivers - This includes additional devices plugged into the computer. Drivers are programs that allow peripherals to work with a computer.

○ User management - Responsible for user logins and passwords. ○ File management - This is where all of the files (images and documents) are saved.

Example Question: How does an operating system benefit a computer? Answer: Operating systems create a bridge between hardware and software.

Week 6: Purpose and function of utility software:

Keywords Knowledge

Secondary storage - Permanent storage used for files.

Fragment - The process of separating all files.

Disk cleanup - This is where secondary storage is checked for corrupt or redundant files.

● Utility programs perform extra functionality and housekeeping tasks that keep computers running efficiently.

● Encryption software - Encryption software is used to encode text so that it cannot be understood without knowing the key to decode it.

● Defragmentation software - Files will be moved around to create more storage space.

● Data compression - This will be used to make files and folders smaller. ● Disk formatters - Secondary storage will be completely wiped incase of

malicious software or corrupt files.

Example Question: What is a benefit of using utility software? Answer: The mixture of software is used to make sure that computers can continue to run efficiently.

26

Dan

ce -

Year

10

- Kno

wle

dge

Org

anis

er C

4

Prod

uco

n el

emen

ts: :

Wee

ks 1

and

3

Chor

eogr

aphi

c ap

proa

ches

: Wee

ks 2

and

4

Wes

t sid

e St

ory

Gene

ran

g m

ovem

ent f

rom

a th

eme:

The

them

e us

ed w

ithin

Wes

t Sid

e St

ory

is

raci

sm, t

his

is as

a re

sult

of th

e so

cial

issu

es in

the

USA

dur

ing

the

1960

’s.

Ro

bbin

s w

ante

d to

edu

cate

his

audi

ence

thro

ugh

danc

e, th

at is

it n

ot o

kay

to

be ra

cist

.

Colla

bora

on :

Jer

ome

Robb

ins

colla

bora

ted

with

Leo

nard

o Be

rns

en (

the

co

mpo

ser)

to

crea

te t

he m

usic

sco

res

for

Wes

t Sid

e St

ory.

As

a re

sult

of th

is

co

llabo

rao

n di

rect

cor

rela

on

betw

een

the

mov

emen

t and

mus

ic o

ccur

red,

this

is w

hen

the

mus

ic d

irect

ly m

atch

ed th

e m

ovem

ent.

Date

: 196

1

Set :

Nat

ural

ism U

SA

Chor

eogr

aphe

r : Je

rom

e Ro

bbin

s

Danc

ers :

34

cast

mem

bers

Them

es : r

acism

, lov

e an

d riv

alry

Cont

extu

al in

fluen

ce: I

n 18

98 P

uert

o Ri

co b

ecam

e a

poss

essio

n of

the

Uni

ted

St

ates

as a

resu

lt of

the

Span

ish-A

mer

ican

War

. ove

r 1,8

00 P

uert

o Ri

co

ciz

ens w

ere

not g

rant

ed A

mer

ican

Ci

zens

hip

unl

191

7 ca

usin

g a

cultu

ral

divi

de a

nd se

vere

raci

sm. T

his i

ssue

is e

xplo

red

durin

g W

est S

ide

Stor

y.

Org

anis

ing

and

runn

ing

rehe

arsa

ls: c

rea

ng a

pla

n o

f a

con

to

he

lp

deve

lop

the

per

form

ance

w

hen

gen

era

ng

mov

emen

t mat

eria

l.

Se

ng ta

sks f

or p

erfo

rmer

s: T

he c

hore

ogra

pher

cre

ates

an

acv

ity fo

r a g

roup

or

indi

vidu

al to

wor

k on

, to

help

gen

erat

e m

ovem

ent m

ater

ial b

ased

on

the

s

mul

us.

Prov

idin

g no

tes o

r fee

dbac

k: A

cho

reog

raph

er w

ill g

ive

note

s and

feed

back

on

th

eir p

erfo

rmer

s to

high

light

thei

r str

engt

hs a

nd a

reas

for i

mpr

ovem

ent.

Co

llabo

rao

n: W

hen

prac

on

ers w

ork

toge

ther

tow

ards

an

end

prod

uct o

r pe

rfor

man

ce

Shar

ing

idea

s and

inte

non

s: T

he c

hore

ogra

pher

will

disc

uss t

heir

idea

s to

en

sure

all

perf

orm

ers u

nder

stan

d th

e pu

rpos

e of

the

perf

orm

ance

.

Teac

hing

mov

emen

t to

perf

orm

ers:

A c

hore

ogra

pher

will

del

iver

pre

-pla

nned

m

ovem

ent t

o pe

rfor

mer

s in

a w

orks

hop

se

ng.

Deve

lopi

ng p

erfo

rman

ce m

ater

ial t

hrou

gh c

hore

ogra

phic

dev

ices

: A

chor

eogr

aphe

r will

use

dev

ices

such

as f

ragm

enta

on

(cha

ngin

g th

e or

der)

to

add

inte

rest

and

var

iety

to th

e pe

rfor

man

ce.

Resp

ondi

ng to

a s

mul

us: U

sing

a st

arn

g po

int s

uch

as a

n im

age

to in

spire

the

da

nce.

27

Dan

ce -

Year

10

- Kno

wle

dge

Org

anis

er C

4

Sm

ulus

: W

eek

5

Prac

on

er st

yle:

Wee

k 6

Sm

ulus

: The

star

ng

poin

t or i

nspi

rao

n of

a d

ance

.

Tac

le : T

ouch

(Vel

vet)

Au

dito

ry : H

earin

g (T

he w

ind)

Id

eolo

gica

l : Th

ough

ts a

nd fa

cts (

Grav

ity)

Visu

al : S

ight

(The

col

our p

ink)

Prof

essi

onal

repe

rtoi

re:

●

Sm

ulus

use

d in

Em

anci

pao

n of

Exp

ress

ioni

sm : A

udito

ry T

il En

da

●

Sm

ulus

use

d in

Wes

t Sid

e St

ory :

Ideo

logi

cal T

he st

ory

of R

omeo

and

Ju

liet

●

Sm

ulus

use

d in

The

Nut

crac

ker :

Ideo

logi

cal H

offm

an’s

orig

inal

stor

y

●Se

lect

s his

danc

e fo

r the

ir m

usic

al th

eatr

e sk

ills.

●

Fam

ous f

or h

is us

e of

col

labo

rao

n.

●He

col

labo

rate

d w

ith L

eona

rd B

erns

en,

a c

ompo

ser i

n W

est S

ide

Stor

y.

●U

sing

the

tech

niqu

e of

Dan

ce fo

r Cam

era

●

Use

s rea

lism

with

in h

is pe

rfor

man

ces

●W

ill o

�en

use

the

styl

e of

Jazz

and

Fos

se te

chni

que

with

in h

is

perf

orm

ance

s.

●W

ithin

Wes

t Sid

e St

ory

Jero

me

Robi

ns u

sed

shar

p, q

uick

dyn

amic

s, a

nd

larg

e, w

hole

bod

y ac

ons

to g

ive

the

impr

essio

n of

ath

lec

mas

culin

e

mov

emen

t to

help

am

ply

the

aggr

essiv

e ga

ng c

ultu

re.

●

Chor

eogr

aphi

cally

Rob

bins

use

s lot

s of U

niso

n w

ith d

iffer

ent f

acin

g an

d

clea

r lin

ks to

jazz

thro

ugh

isola

ted

body

ac

ons,

use

of r

hyth

m, h

igh

ex

tens

ion

in le

gs.

●

Jero

me

Robi

ns li

ked

to e

xplo

re th

emes

with

in W

est S

ide

Stor

y; h

e

look

ed a

t rac

ism, s

exism

and

love

. All

curr

ent a

nd so

cial

issu

es o

f the

m

e of

cre

aon

.

28

Dra

ma

- Yea

r 10

- Kno

wle

dge

Org

anis

er C

3

Dra

ma

Know

ledg

e O

rgan

iser

- Ye

ar 1

0 C

ycle

4 -

WE

LOST

ELI

JAH

Sy

nops

is a

nd K

ey F

eatu

res:

Wee

ks 1

and

5

Cul

tura

l Con

text

: Wee

ks 2

and

6

Plot

:

‘We

Lost

Elij

ah’ i

s abo

ut a

boy

nam

ed E

lijah

tryi

ng to

find

his

plac

e

in th

e w

orld

and

feel

ing

so lo

w a

nd is

olat

ed to

the

poin

t of n

early

co

mm

i�ng

suic

ide

unl

his

olde

r bro

ther

s girl

frie

nd, G

race

, com

es

up w

ith a

pla

n. T

o m

ake

his l

ife b

e�er

by

mak

ing

his f

riend

s and

fa

mily

real

ly m

iss h

im, E

lijah

shou

ld h

ide

in th

e sh

ed in

Gra

ce’s

ga

rden

, eve

n if

it m

eans

hur

ng

ever

yone

. Gra

ce b

ecom

es g

radu

ally

m

ore

cont

rolli

ng a

nd p

ower

obs

esse

d, m

anip

ula

ng e

very

one

she

m

eets

. Eve

ntua

lly th

ere

is an

exp

losio

n in

the

shed

on

the

nigh

t of

Elija

h’s v

igil,

leav

ing

a cl

i�an

ger e

ndin

g w

here

we

won

der w

heth

er

Elija

h su

rviv

ed.

Genr

e:

Mod

ern

Trag

edy

- it s

how

s mod

ern

issue

s suc

h as

you

th id

ent

y

and

build

s sus

pens

e th

roug

hout

leav

ing

us w

ith th

e sh

ock

of a

tr

agic

end

ing

- eith

er re

sul

ng in

bad

inju

ries o

r eve

n de

ath.

Perfo

rman

ce S

tyle

:

Non

- nat

ural

isc

- sho

wn

spec

ifica

lly w

hen

narr

ator

Kar

a ad

dres

ses

the

audi

ence

. Bre

akin

g th

e fo

urth

wal

l mea

ns sh

e us

es a

spec

ts o

f Br

echt

’s th

eatr

e. T

he se

t is a

lso m

inim

alis

c an

d th

e ac

tors

use

m

ime.

The

acto

rs w

ork

as a

n en

sem

ble

to p

rese

nt th

e ph

ysic

al m

omen

ts in

th

e pl

ay, s

uch

as th

e rio

ng.

The

y al

so m

ove

the

stag

e fu

rnitu

re

arou

nd to

kee

p th

e pa

ce sl

ick

betw

een

scen

es.

His

tori

cal C

on

text

:

 Infl

uen

ced

by

the

kid

nap

pin

g ca

se o

f Sh

ann

on

Mat

thew

s, t

he

even

ts s

urr

ou

nd

ing

her

 d

isap

pea

ran

ce in

20

08

an

d s

et a

gain

st t

he

dra

mat

ic b

ackd

rop

of t

he

Lon

do

n R

iots

, We

Lost

 E

lijah

exp

lore

s th

e co

nce

pts

of y

ou

th id

enti

ty, t

he

man

ipu

lati

on

of t

he

tru

th a

nd

just

ho

w fa

r  

som

eon

e w

ill g

o t

o b

e n

oti

ced

b y

oth

ers.

Th

e Lo

nd

on

Rio

ts w

ere

a se

ries

of r

iots

bet

wee

n 6

 an

d 1

1 A

ugu

st 2

01

1 . T

ho

usa

nd

s o

f peo

ple

rio

ted

in c

itie

s an

d t

ow

ns

acro

ss E

ngl

and

, wh

ich

 sa

w lo

oti

ng,

ars

on

, as

wel

l as

mas

s d

eplo

ymen

t o

f po

lice

and

th

e d

eath

s o

f five

peo

ple

. Th

e  

rio

ts b

egan

follo

win

g a

pro

test

in T

ott

enh

am o

ver

the

sho

oti

ng

of M

ark

Du

ggan

by

po

lice.

 

  Cu

ltu

ral C

on

text

:

 T

he

Nat

ion

al T

hea

tre,

wh

ich

co

mm

issi

on

s C

on

nec

tio

ns

pla

ys li

ke W

e Lo

st E

lijah

, is

a la

rge,

 p

ub

licly

su

pp

ort

ed t

hea

tre.

It h

as t

hre

e m

ain

per

form

ance

sp

aces

in it

’s L

on

do

n c

om

ple

x,  

bu

t al

so t

ou

rs a

nd

pro

mo

tes

edu

cati

on

al o

utr

each

, su

ch a

s th

e C

on

nec

tio

ns

pro

gram

me,

 w

hic

h s

tart

ed in

19

95

. Eac

h y

ear,

a se

lect

gro

up

of t

he

you

th t

hea

tre

pro

du

ctio

ns

fro

m  

acro

ss t

he

UK

are

invi

ted

to

per

form

in t

he

Nat

ion

al T

hea

tre.

We

Lost

Elij

ah w

as p

art

of t

he

 p

rogr

amm

e in

20

13

.

 

  Soci

al C

on

text

:

 W

e Lo

st E

lijah

fo

cuse

s o

n E

lijah

’s c

om

mu

nit

y an

d fr

ien

dsh

ip g

rou

p. G

row

ing

up

in a

n  

eco

no

mic

ally

dep

rive

d a

rea

of L

on

do

n in

th

e ea

rly

20

00

s, E

lijah

is a

so

cial

ou

tcas

t. W

ith

no

 re

al fr

ien

ds,

a s

ucc

essf

ul o

lder

bro

ther

, Mal

ach

i, an

d a

bro

ken

fam

ily E

lijah

rep

rese

nts

th

ose

 in

visi

ble

peo

ple

in s

oci

ety.

He

is d

epre

ssed

, alo

ng

wit

h h

is m

um

wh

o t

akes

an

ti-d

epre

ssan

t  

tab

lets

. Elij

ah c

on

sid

ers

suic

ide

too

.

 T

he

gan

g’s

beh

avio

ur

in t

he

rio

ts is

an

ti-s

oci

al. E

lijah

wea

rs a

n O

bam

a m

ask

to h

ide

his

 id

enti

ty a

nd

th

row

s h

is p

ho

ne

away

so

th

e p

olic

e ca

n’t

trac

e h

im. S

han

a an

d H

olly

loo

t fr

om

 sh

op

s, b

ut

stea

l no

thin

g o

f any

use

(vel

ou

r tr

acks

uit

bo

tto

ms

wh

ich

do

n’t

fit,

tw

o le

ft  

trai

ner

s an

d a

ph

on

e ch

arge

r fo

r a

ph

on

e th

ey d

on’

t o

wn

).

 

 

 

29

Dra

ma

- Yea

r 10

- Kno

wle

dge

Org

anis

er C

3

Cha

ract

ers:

Wee

ks 3

La

ngua

ge : W

eeks

4

Elija

h: M

ain

prot

agon

ist w

ho b

uild

s th

e em

path

y of

the

audi

ence

. He

is a

te

enag

e bo

y, y

oung

er b

roth

er o

f Mal

achi

, who

is u

pset

as

he fe

els

like

he

does

n’t f

it in

to th

e so

cial

gro

up. H

e ad

mire

s hi

s br

othe

r and

car

es fo

r his

m

um a

nd fa

ncie

s Be

cky

Mye

rs. F

ound

by

the

railw

ay tr

acks

con

tem

plat

ing

su

icid

e, h

e is

eas

y m

anip

ulat

ed b

y G

race

to h

ide

in h

er D

ad’s

she

d. T

he

play

end

s w

ith a

n ex

plos

ion,

doe

s he

die

or g

et s

erio

usly

inju

red?

Mal

achi

: Old

er, s

ucce

ssfu

l, br

othe

r of E

lijah.

A y

oung

ent

repr

eneu

r who

is

popu

lar a

mon

gst h

is p

eers

and

cha

rism

atic

. Boy

frien

d of

Gra

ce, a

nd a

te

am p

laye

r for

the

scho

ol fo

otba

ll te

am. H

e st

eps

into

the

role

of h

is fa

ther

fo

r Elija

h an

d fe

els

resp

onsi

ble

whe

n El

ijah

vani

shes

. It b

reak

s hi

s he

art

and

he c

an th

ink

of n

othi

ng e

lse.

Gra

ce: G

irlfri

end

of M

alac

hi a

nd c

hief

man

ipul

ator

who

plo

ts e

vent

s fo

r her

ow

n re

war

ds. S

he is

a je

alou

s te

enag

e gi

rl w

ho c

onst

antly

wor

ries

that

an

othe

r girl

will

try to

ste

al h

er b

oyfri

end.

She

sea

rche

s M

alac

hi’s

room

for

evid

ence

of h

im c

heat

ing.

Gra

ce ta

lks

Elija

h in

to h

idin

g in

her

Dad

’s s

hed

an

d fo

rces

him

to re

mai

n th

ere

until

she

dic

tate

s he

can

be

reve

aled

. She

al

so fo

rces

her

littl

e si

ster

Kar

a to

dec

eive

the

othe

r's b

y co

ncea

ling

the

tru

th.

Kara

: You

nger

sis

ter o

f Gra

ce a

nd n

arra

tor.

Kara

rela

ys th

e ev

ents

to th

e

audi

ence

. She

is a

kin

d an

d m

oral

per

son

who

gen

uine

ly c

ares

for E

lijah

as

a fr

iend

. Kar

a di

scov

ers

Gra

ce s

neak

ing

thin

gs to

thei

r she

d an

d

reve

als

the

truth

abo

ut E

lijah’

s hi

ding

.

Beck

y M

yers

: A q

uirk

y gi

rl fro

m E

lijah’

s cl

ass

who

love

s lit

erat

ure,

ph

iloso

phy

and

hats

. She

is n

ot in

tere

sted

in E

lijah,

but

‘allo

ws

him

’ to

ad

mire

her

.

Titu

s an

d M

axw

ell:

Com

ic re

lief c

hara

cter

s w

ho c

laim

to b

e fri

ends

with

El

ijah,

but

don

’t re

ally

kno

w h

im w

ell.

Writ

e a

rap

to ra

ise

fund

s, b

ut th

e

real

aim

is fo

r the

ir ow

n fa

me.

Hol

ly a

nd S

hana

: Tw

o gi

rls w

ho h

ang

arou

nd in

the

gang

. Not

ver

y br

ight

, th

ey g

et c

augh

t up

in th

e lo

otin

g. S

hana

is a

teen

mum

.

Lang

uage

refe

rs to

the

choi

ces

of s

tyle

and

voc

abul

ary

mad

e by

the

writ

er. W

hen

an

alys

ing

the

lang

uage

Frie

l use

s yo

u sh

ould

thin

k ab

out:

●w

hat ,

the

play

wrig

ht's

cho

ice

of s

peci

fic w

ords

and

dra

mat

ic d

evic

es

●w

here

/how

, the

way

in w

hich

the

writ

er u

ses

them

●

why

, the

effe

ct o

n th

e au

dien

ce

Man

y of

the

effe

cts

men

tione

d th

roug

hout

whe

n di

scus

sing

cha

ract

er, t

hem

es, f

orm

and

st

ruct

ure

are

crea

ted

thro

ugh

Cra

ig’s

inno

vativ

e us

e of

lang

uage

and

oth

er d

ram

atic

de

vice

s.

Dia

logu

e C

raig

’s u

se o

f dia

logu

e re

veal

s m

uch

abou

t the

cha

ract

ers

and

situ

atio

n. T

hey

sp

eak

usin

g ve

rnac

ular

. Thi

s cr

eate

s re

alis

m a

s it

is th

e sp

eech

pat

tern

we

wou

ld

asso

ciat

e w

ith y

oung

peo

ple

livin

g in

Lon

don.

The

scr

ipt i

s co

nver

satio

nal a

nd o

ften

em

beds

ellip

ses

to s

how

that

they

are

hes

itatin

g or

thin

king

on

the

spot

.

Dire

ct A

ddre

ss T

he c

hara

cter

of K

ara

uses

Dire

ct la

ngua

ge w

hen

she

addr

esse

s th

e au

dien

ce. T

his

devi

ce e

nsur

es th

e au

dien

ce u

nder

stan

d th

e de

velo

pmen

t of t

he p

lot a

nd

enga

ges

them

with

the

char

acte

rs, h

elpi

ng to

bui

ld ra

ppor

t and

em

path

y.

Stag

e di

rect

ions

The

sta

ge d

irect

ions

are

the

part

of th

e sc

ript,

ofte

n in

bra

cket

s or

ita

lics.

Sta

ge d

irect

ions

tell

the

acto

rs h

ow th

ey a

re to

mov

e or

spe

ak th

eir l

ines

. Whi

le

they

do

not f

orm

the

dial

ogue

of t

he p

lay,

they

are

obv

ious

ly im

porta

nt a

s th

ey in

form

us

w

hat t

he w

riter

inte

nded

the

audi

ence

to s

ee o

n st

age.

Rhy

me

- RA

P M

axw

ell a

nd T

itus

crea

te a

RAP

whi

ch u

ses

rhym

ing

wor

ds to

try

and

ra

ise

mon

ey fo

r the

fund

set

up

to s

earc

h fo

r Elija

h. T

his

refle

cts

the

age

of th

ese

ch

arac

ters

and

thei

r tas

te in

mus

ic.

30

Year 10 BTEC IT Cycle 3 Knowledge Organiser

Week 1: What is a Data Dashboard?

Keywords Knowledge

Dashboard A dashboard is the ‘front window’ of a system. They need to look professional and emphasise the most important information in a way that can be understood easily.

Data Dashboards display the most important information. They need to be accessible , this would involve the following: ● Font sizes should be readable . ● There should be a hierarchy of text sizes , with main headings and titles larger than subheadings. ● Consistency within the dashboard, with all the text of the same level using the same colours, fonts and styles. ● Use a small number of colours or shades and use them consistently.

Cell borders and shading can be used to make viewing the dashboard easier as they will separate information.

Graphics can be added as a visual reminder to show what the data is representing. Or, by adding a company logo to reinforce the brand and link it to the organisation.

Example Question: What is meant by hierarchy of text sizes ? Example Answer: The term, hierarchy of text sizes, is used to describe when main headings and titles are larger than subheadings. For example, a document may have headings with a font size of 16, titles with a font size of 12 (and in bold) and the main text with a font size of 10.

Week 2: Formatting Graphs

Keywords Knowledge

Legend Shows the different groups of data and how they are coloured in the chart. In the image: South , Midlands and North are listed in the legend.

X-Axis The horizontal axis on a chart

Y-Axis The vertical axis on a chart

Creating Graphs Spreadsheet software will generate graphs automatically. In your lessons, you have previously learnt how to do this using Google Sheets. Use the QR code to revise this process.

Axis Labels Graphs have axes which run up the side and along the bottom of the graph, called the x-axis (horizontal) and y-axis (vertical). Axes need to be labelled to make their meaning clearer.

Titles All graphs should have a relevant title, that makes it easy to see what the graph is showing.

Example Question: What is a legend used for? Example Answer: To show the different groups of data in a graph and how they are presented.

Add and Edit a Google Chart

31

Year 10 BTEC IT Cycle 3 Knowledge Organiser

Week 3: Trends and Patterns

Keywords Knowledge

Trend When there is a change over time, such as an increase or decrease in the price of an item in a supermarket.

Pattern When there is a repeating change in the data over time.

Spotting Trends can be difficult, but it is much easier to do this if you create a graph using the data. There are two main types of trend:

● An upward trend shows the value increasing over time. ● A downward trend shows values decreasing over time.

Before reaching a conclusion, you need to make sure you are looking at enough data. A small amount of data might not be accurate in predicting a trend. For example, if you were looking for evidence of global warming, you would need to look at data over a long period (perhaps 50 years or more).

Patterns are different from trends because they don’t necessarily go in one direction. A pattern can sometimes be seasonal (depending on the time of year) or time-dependent (depending on the time of day)

Example Question: Give an example of an upward trend Example Answer: The profit for a business increasing each month over the course of one year

Week 4: Anomalies and Bias

Keywords Knowledge

Anomaly When something differs for the normal, or what is expected.

Bias An external factor that may influence results.

Anomalies occur when some aspect of the data does not fit the overall trend or pattern. This may be because of an error in the data (it may have been entered incorrectly, for example) or it may be caused by an unusual circumstance (such as fault in a sensor). Care should be taken to make sure anomalies do not affect the overall trend or pattern in the data One way to overcome the effect of anomalies is to ensure a large sample size is taken so that one anomaly has little effect.

Errors that may cause anomalies: ● Human error (typing mistakes, etc) ● Functions / Formulas that have been typed incorrectly (For example: using the SUM function instead of

AVERAGE, for example)

Methods used to collect data the timing of these methods might introduce bias. For example, carrying out a survey about customer satisfaction on a warm, sunny day may result in people responding more positively and rating their experience more highly.

Example Question: Describe what is meant by the term ‘human error’ Example Answer: Human error is when a person enters data into a computer system incorrectly. Such as typing an incorrect amount into a spreadsheet.

Week 5: Functions

Keywords Knowledge

Function A keyword that is used in spreadsheet software to quickly perform calculations

Example Question: How would you count the number of blank cells in a range of cells from A4 to D10? Example Answer: = COUNTBLANK(A4:D10)

=SUM() Add together all the values in a range of cells =MAX() Find the highest value in a range of cells =MIN() Find the lowest value in a range of cells =AVERAGE() Find the average (mean) value from a range of cells =COUNT() Counts the number of numerical values in a range of cells =COUNTA() Counts the number of text values in a range of cells =COUNTBLANK() Counts the number of blank cells in a range =COUNTIF() Counts all of the cells that contain a specific criteria.

Week 6: Preparing for Assessment

Self-quiz the knowledge covered in Weeks 1 - 5

32

Med

ia Y

ear

10 C

ycle

4  

Wee

k O

ne/F

our

 W

eek

Two/

Five

 K

ey W

ords

 N

arra

tive

The

ory

 C

laud

e Le

vi-S

trau

ss -

the

idea

from

the

the

ory

of S

truc

tura

lism

tha

t al

l sto

ries

 ca

n be

see

n as

wor

king

aro

und

a se

ries

of b

inar

y op

posi

tes

eg n

ight

and

day

,  he

roes

and

vill

ains

, goo

d an

d ba

d, in

side

and

out

side

etc

. T

he t

ensi

on a

nd in

tere

st  

aris

es fr

om t

he c

onfli

ct b

etw

een

thos

e tw

o op

posi

tes.

 T

zvet

an T

odor

ov -

all s

tori

es s

tart

with

a p

erio

d of

cal

m (

whi

ch h

e ca

lled

 eq

uilib

rium

), be

fore

a p

robl

em o

r co

nflic

t em

erge

s. T

his

thro

ws

the

prot

agon

ist’s

 w

orld

into

cha

os (

or d

iseq

uilib

rium

). T

he p

rota

goni

st t

hen

has

a m

omen

t of

 re

alis

atio

n of

the

pro

blem

and

set

s ou

t on

a q

ues t

to

retu

rn t

he w

orld

to

som

e  

kind

of n

orm

ality

. T

his

is a

chie

ved,

alth

ough

the

nor

mal

ity (

equi

libri

um ) m

ay n

ot  

be t

he s

ame

as t

hat

at t

he b

egin

ning

of t

he s

tory

.  

Vla

dim

ir P

ropp

- sa

ys t

hat

ther

e ar

e 7

mai

n ch

arac

ter

type

s/fu

nctio

ns in

all

 st

orie

s -

thes

e be

ing

the

hero

; the

vill

ain;

the

don

o r; t

he p

rinc

ess;

the

pri

nces

s’s  

fath

er; t

he h

elpe

r an

d th

e fa

lse

hero

.  R

olan

d B

arth

es -

all s

tori

es e

ngag

e th

e au

dien

ce t

hrou

gh e

nigm

as -

puzz

les

or  

ques

tions

tha

t ke

ep t

he a

udie

nce

view

ing.

 

Key

Wor

ds  

Mod

e of

add

ress

- T

he w

ay t

hat

a m

edia

tex

t ‘s

peak

s’ t

o an

aud

ienc

e eg

as

if an

 ol

der

sibl

ing

givi

ng g

entle

adv

ice

 D

irec

t ga

ze -

Whe

n th

e co

ver

star

look

s di

rect

ly a

t th

e ca

mer

a, a

s if

they

are

 lo

okin

g di

rect

ly in

to y

our

eyes

as

an a

udie

nce.

 R

epre

sent

atio

n -

how

diff

eren

t gr

oups

of p

eopl

e, p

lace

s, is

sues

and

eve

nts

in  

soci

ety

are

pres

ente

d  

Gen

der

- tr

aditi

onal

ly r

efer

s to

mal

e or

fem

ale

but

can

also

be

used

to

enco

mpa

ss  

a br

oad

rang

e of

iden

titie

s  

Eth

nici

ty -

a so

cial

gro

up t

hat

has

a co

mm

on n

atio

nal o

r cu

ltura

l tra

ditio

n.  

Gen

re -

a ca

tego

ry o

f med

ia p

rodu

ct d

efin

ed b

y a

set

of c

odes

and

con

vent

ions

,  fo

r ex

ampl

e co

med

y.  

Nar

rati

ve -

stor

y, an

d ho

w it

is o

rgan

ised

 M

arke

ting

- A

ll of

the

way

s th

at a

n au

dien

ce is

mad

e aw

are

of a

pro

duct

. T

his

 in

clud

es a

dver

tisin

g.  

Pre

- pro

duct

ion

- th

e ac

tiviti

es t

aken

bef

ore

a fil

m g

oes

into

pro

duct

ion

(eg

 w

ritin

g th

e sc

reen

play

, sto

rybo

ardi

ng, l

ocat

ion

sear

ches

, cas

ting,

cre

atio

n of

a s

hot

 lis

t)  

Med

ia T

heor

ies

 A

udie

nce

The

orie

s  

Use

s &

Gra

tific

atio

ns T

heor

y - B

lum

ler

and

Kat

z (1

974)

 A

udie

nces

act

ivel

y co

n sum

e m

edia

for

one

of t

he fo

llow

ing

reas

ons:

  Su

rvei

llanc

e -

the

view

er w

ants

to

acqu

ire in

form

atio

n, k

now

ledg

e an

d  

unde

rsta

ndin

g by

wat

chin

g pr

ogra

mm

es li

ke T

he N

ews.

  D

iver

sion

- V

iew

ers

wat

ch p

rogr

amm

es fo

r en

joym

ent

and

esca

pism

.

  Pe

rson

al Id

enti

ty -

Vie

wer

s ca

n re

cogn

ise

a pe

rson

or

prod

uct

that

re f

lect

sim

ilar

 va

lues

to

them

selv

es a

nd c

an c

opy

som

e of

the

ir c

hara

cter

istic

s.

  

Pers

onal

Rel

atio

nshi

ps -

Med

ia p

rodu

cts

prod

uce

a to

pic

of c

onve

rsat

ion.

For

 ex

ampl

e w

ho is

the

bes

t co

ntes

tant

 R

ecep

tion

the

ory

- Stu

art

Hal

l ( 1

980)

 M

edia

tex

ts a

re e

ncod

ed a

nd d

ecod

ed . T

he p

rodu

cer

enco

des

mes

sage

s an

d  

valu

es in

to t

heir

med

ia w

hich

are

the

n de

code

d by

the

aud

ienc

e. T

he a

udie

nce

 

Med

ia T

heor

ies

 A

udie

nce

The

orie

s  

Use

s &

Gra

tific

atio

ns T

heor

y - B

lum

ler

and

Kat

z (1

974)

 A

udie

nces

act

ivel

y co

nsum

e m

edia

for

one

of t

he fo

llow

ing

reas

ons:

  Su

rvei

llanc

e -

the

view

er w

ants

to

acqu

ire in

form

atio

n, k

now

ledg

e an

d  

unde

rsta

n din

g by

wat

chin

g pr

ogra

mm

es li

ke T

he N

ews.

  D

iver

sion

- V

iew

ers

wat

ch p

rogr

amm

es fo

r en

joym

ent

and

esca

pism

.

  Pe

rson

al Id

enti

ty -

Vie

wer

s ca

n re

cogn

ise

a pe

rson

or

prod

uct

that

ref

lect

sim

ilar

 va

lues

to

them

selv

es a

nd c

an c

opy

som

e of

the

ir c

hara

cter

istic

s.

  

Pers

onal

Rel

atio

nshi

ps -

Med

ia p

rodu

cts

prod

uce

a to

pic

of c

onve

rsat

ion.

For

 ex

ampl

e w

ho is

the

bes

t co

ntes

tant

 R

ecep

tion

the

ory

- Stu

art

Hal

l ( 1

980)

 M

edia

tex

ts a

re e

ncod

ed a

nd d

ecod

ed . T

he p

rodu

cer

enco

des

mes

sage

s an

d  

valu

es in

to t

heir

med

ia w

hich

are

the

n de

code

d by

the

aud

ienc

e. T

he a

udie

nce

 

33

will

tak

e th

e vi

ew o

f:  

Dom

inan

t -A

gree

ing

with

the

pro

duce

rs v

iew

. Opp

osit

iona

l - C

halle

ngin

g th

e  

prod

ucer

s vi

ew.

  

Neg

otia

ted

- Fa

lling

bet

wee

n ag

reei

ng a

nd d

isag

reei

ng  

will

tak

e th

e vi

ew o

f:  

Dom

inan

t -A

gree

ing

with

the

pro

duce

rs v

iew

. Opp

osit

iona

l - C

halle

ngin

g th

e  

prod

ucer

s vi

ew.

  

Neg

otia

ted

- Fa

lling

bet

wee

n ag

reei

ng a

nd d

isag

reei

ng  

Wee

k T

hree

/Six

 K

ey W

ords

 D

emog

raph

ics

- the

aud

ienc

e an

d ho

w it

is c

ateg

oris

ed  

NR

S so

cial

gra

de -

the

syst

em o

f cat

egor

isin

g pe

ople

by

inco

me

and

care

er, c

reat

ing

the

cate

gori

es A

, B, C

1, C

2, D

, E  

Psy

chog

raph

ics

- the

sys

tem

of c

ateg

oris

ing

peop

le b

y lif

esty

le a

nd p

erso

nalit

y  

Sect

ors

- th

e 3

diffe

rent

typ

es o

f med

ia in

dust

ry  

Ster

eoty

pe -

a w

idel

y he

ld b

ut fi

xed

and

over

sim

plifi

ed im

age

or id

ea o

f a p

artic

ular

typ

e of

per

son

or t

hing

    Med

ia In

dust

ry  

The

film

indu

stry

 T

he fi

rst

peop

le t

o pr

ojec

t m

ovin

g im

ages

to

a pa

ying

aud

ienc

e w

ere

the

Lum

iere

bro

ther

s in

189

5 in

Fra

nce.

Ini

tially

, film

s w

ere

pure

ly a

nim

ated

pho

tog r

aphs

and

 at

trac

ted

audi

ence

s ba

sed

on t

he n

ovel

ty o

f the

form

. N

arra

tive

in fi

lms

was

intr

oduc

ed a

nd p

opul

aris

ed b

y G

eorg

es M

elie

s, a

gain

in F

ranc

e, a

t th

e tu

rn o

f the

cen

tury

 (a

roun

d 19

00)

in fi

lms

like

A T

rip

to t

he M

oon .

Film

s in

the

se d

ays

wer

e qu

ite s

tatic

due

to

the

size

of t

he e

q uip

men

t.   

Gre

ater

mob

ility

aro

se t

hrou

gh t

echn

olog

ical

dev

elop

men

ts in

the

red

uctio

n in

siz

e of

the

cam

eras

, alo

ng w

ith t

he u

se o

f tra

cks

to e

nabl

e tr

acki

ng s

hots

. By

194

1  

deve

lopm

ents

in c

inem

a ap

proa

ched

som

ethi

ng m

uch

clos

e to

the

film

s w

e vi

ew t

oday

. It

is w

idel

y vi

ewed

tha

t Ors

on W

elle

s ’ fi

lm C

itiz

en K

ane

inve

nted

mod

ern

film

 la

ngua

ge, w

ith it

s va

riet

y of

cam

era

shot

s, a

ngle

s an

d m

ovem

ent

and

use

of m

ise-

en-s

cene

and

edi

ting

help

ing

the

dire

ctor

to

tell

his

stor

y.   

Mor

e re

cent

yea

rs h

ave

seen

the

dev

elop

men

t of

spe

cial

effe

cts

and

CG

I (C

ompu

ter

Gen

erat

ed Im

ager

y) t

ake

film

-mak

ing

into

new

are

a s o

f spe

ctac

le, a

lthou

gh t

here

are

 st

ill m

any

film

-mak

ers

who

pre

fer

to u

se m

ore

trad

ition

al w

ays

of c

reat

ing

a se

nse

of w

onde

r (e

g C

hris

toph

er N

olan

in T

enet

cho

se t

o bu

ild a

n ai

rpor

t an

d us

e a

real

 ae

ropl

ane

in a

cra

sh s

eque

nce

that

wou

ld m

ore

norm

ally

the

se d

ays

be c

ompl

etel

y co

mpu

ter

gene

rat e

d).

In t

erm

s of

how

the

indu

stry

wor

ks, t

hing

s ha

ve la

rgel

y m

oved

 on

from

the

193

0’s

prac

tice

of fi

lm c

ompa

nies

pro

duci

ng th

e fil

m, d

istr

ibut

ing

the

film

and

exh

ibit

ing

the

film

. T

here

is a

lso

an in

crea

sed

mov

e to

war

ds h

ome

 vi

ewin

g vi

a st

ream

ing

serv

ices

suc

h as

Net

flix .

The

film

indu

stry

i niti

ally

ref

used

to

reco

gnis

e N

etfli

x an

d A

maz

on P

rim

e’s

own

prod

uctio

ns w

hen

it ca

me

to a

ccep

ting

 fil

ms

for

cons

ider

atio

n fo

r A

cade

my

Aw

ards

(m

ore

com

mon

ly k

now

n as

the

Osc

ars)

. H

owev

er, s

ince

the

pan

dem

ic b

egan

the

re is

a n

ew r

ecog

nitio

n th

at w

ithou

t th

e  

likes

of s

uch

stre

amin

g se

rvic

es, t

he fi

lm in

dus t

ry w

ould

hav

e su

ffere

d ev

en m

ore

econ

omic

ally.

Net

flix

and

Am

azon

Pri

me

now

fund

a c

onsi

dera

ble

amou

nt o

f film

s th

at  

are

scre

ened

in c

inem

as a

nd s

how

n on

tel

evis

ion

via

thei

r st

ream

ing

serv

ices

. T

hese

film

s ar

e no

w r

ecog

nise

d in

Aw

ards

cer

emon

ies.

     

34

Mus

ic -

Year

10

- Kno

wle

dge

Org

anis

er C

4

Dyn

amic

s an

d th

eir s

ymbo

ls: :

Wee

ks 1

and

5

Key

voc

abul

ary:

Wee

ks 2

and

6

Rem

embe

ring

whi

ch s

ymbo

l mat

ches

the

nam

es is

you

r ta

sk. I

t is

also

impo

rtant

to re

mem

ber t

heir

valu

e.

Dyn

amic

s - T

he lo

uds

and

softs

(vol

ume)

in m

usic

. Usu

ally

writ

ten

usin

g th

e

sym

bols

in th

e ad

jace

nt b

ox.

Expr

essi

on -

conv

eyin

g em

otio

n w

hen

perfo

rmin

g. D

ynam

ics

are

one

way

that

pe

rform

ers

can

conv

ey e

mot

ions

.

Tu

ning

- M

akin

g su

re th

at th

e co

rrect

pitc

hes

are

sung

.

Rhy

thm

- Ke

epin

g in

tim

e w

ith th

e be

at/o

ther

inst

rum

ents

.

En

sem

ble

- Per

form

ing

as p

art o

f a g

roup

. Als

o m

akin

g su

re th

at e

very

par

t of

the

ense

mbl

e is

hea

rd c

lear

ly a

nd e

qual

ly.

Tech

niqu

e - U

sing

the

corre

ct m

usic

al/in

stru

men

tal t

echn

ique

s in

ord

er to

pe

rform

acc

urat

ely

and

expr

essi

vely.

To

nalit

y –

the

char

acte

r of a

pie

ce o

f mus

ic a

s de

term

ined

by

the

key

in w

hich

it is

pl

ayed

or t

he re

latio

ns b

etw

een

the

note

s of

a s

cale

or k

ey .

Perf

orm

ance

Ski

lls W

eeks

3 a

nd 6

Ex

ampl

e A

rtis

t and

Per

form

ance

: Wee

ks 3

and

6

35

Mus

ic -

Year

10

- Kno

wle

dge

Org

anis

er C

4

Stag

e Pr

esen

ce -

is th

at e

nerg

y, o

r cha

rism

a an

d ap

peal

, tha

t an

artis

t has

w

hile

per

form

ing

in fr

ont o

f oth

ers.

Proj

ectio

n - V

oice

pro

ject

ion

is th

e st

reng

th o

f spe

akin

g or

sin

ging

whe

reby

th

e vo

ice

is u

sed

loud

ly a

nd c

lear

ly.

Enun

ciat

ion

- Enu

ncia

tion

refe

rs to

how

cle

arly

and

dis

tinct

ly a

par

ticul

ar

indi

vidu

al fo

rms

the

soun

ds th

at m

ake

up a

wor

d.

Con

fiden

ce -

Feel

ing

good

abo

ut y

ours

elf a

nd y

our a

bilit

y to

per

form

wel

l.

Cro

wd

Part

icip

atio

n –

This

can

be

achi

eved

by

usin

g ey

e co

ntac

t, vo

cal c

ues,

ph

ysic

al c

ues

and

talk

ing

to th

e cr

owd.

Th

is is

a v

ery

usef

ul s

kill

to le

arn,

as

it w

o uld

furth

er e

nter

tain

cro

wds

kee

ping

them

in

tere

sted

unt

il th

e en

d of

you

r set

.

Que

en –

A B

ritis

h ro

ck b

and

reno

wne

d fo

r the

ir liv

e pe

rform

ance

s an

d fro

nt m

an F

redd

ie

Mer

cury

. For

med

in th

e 19

70’s

with

Bria

n M

ay (G

uita

r), R

oger

Tay

lor (

Dru

ms)

, Joh

n D

eaco

n

(Bas

s) a

nd F

redd

ie M

ercu

ry (P

iano

& V

ocal

s)

Live

Aid

- a

bene

fit c

once

rt he

ld o

n Sa

turd

ay 1

3 Ju

ly 1

985,

as

wel

l as

a m

usic

-bas

ed

fund

rais

ing

initi

ativ

e. T

he o

rigin

al e

vent

was

org

anis

ed b

y Bo

b G

eldo

f and

Mid

ge U

re to

ra

ise

fund

s fo

r rel

ief o

f the

198

3–19

85 fa

min

e in

Eth

iopi

a . B

illed

as th

e "g

loba

l juk

ebox

",

the

even

t was

hel

d si

mul

tane

ousl

y at

Wem

bley

Sta

dium

in L

ondo

n, U

K, a

ttend

ed b

y

abou

t 72,

000

peop

le

Perf

orm

ance

Ski

lls:

C

row

d Pa

rtic

ipat

ion

– D

urin

g th

eir p

erfo

rman

ce a

t Wem

bley

, Fre

ddie

enc

oura

ged

the

cr

owd

to s

ing

alon

g du

ring

the

song

Rad

io G

a G

a. H

e di

d th

is b

y us

ing

hand

ges

ture

s

and

usin

g ey

e co

ntac

t with

cro

wds

whi

le c

lapp

ing

the

rhyt

hm.

Stag

e Pr

esen

ce –

Whe

n on

sta

ge F

redd

ie w

ould

use

the

who

le s

tage

, wal

king

from

on

e si

de o

f the

sta

ge to

the

othe

r. R

unni

ng, d

anci

ng a

nd u

sing

his

mic

roph

one

stan

d to

co

nduc

t the

ban

d an

d th

e cr

owd.

36

WEE

K 1

& 2

FOC

US

- Ass

essm

ent

Obj

ectiv

e 1

(AO

1)

Art

ists

/Pho

togr

aphe

rs -

Cyc

le 4

Surf

aces

and

Tex

ture

s

Tho

mas

Bla

ncha

rd (1

984

- Pre

sent

day

) is a

Fr

ench

film

mak

er a

nd d

irect

or. T

he e

xam

ple

to th

e rig

ht is

a st

ill im

age

take

n fro

m o

ne o

f his

shor

t fil

ms. T

hom

as fi

lms c

olou

red

pain

ts, o

il, m

ilk, a

nd

hone

y as

they

mix

and

bea

d un

der a

mac

ro le

ns.

The

colo

urs u

sed

in th

ese

liqui

d ex

perim

ents

sy

mbo

lise

ange

r, lo

ve, s

adne

ss, jo

y et

c. W

atch

ing

pain

t mix

is a

lot m

ore

inte

rest

ing

than

wat

chin

g pa

int d

ry.

.

WEE

K 2

& 3

FOC

US

- Ass

essm

ent

Obj

ectiv

e 2

(AO

2)

Bru

ce B

oyd

(198

9 - P

rese

nt d

ay) i

s a S

outh

Afri

can

Phot

ogra

pher

fasc

inat

ed b

y ca

ptur

ing

imag

es o

f ice

. pa

rticu

larly

the

way

that

obj

ects

look

dist

orte

d w

hen

enca

psul

ated

insid

e a

large

ice

bloc

k. H

e co

llabo

rate

d w

ith th

e Art

ist T

harie

n Sm

ith to

cre

ate

a se

ries o

f im

ages

ent

itled

‘Zer

o D

egre

es’. T

he w

ork

capt

ures

flo

wer

s per

fect

ly pr

eser

ved

in b

lock

s of i

ce.

The

Boy

le F

amily

, a c

ollab

orat

ive g

roup

of a

rtist

s, ar

e kn

own

for t

heir

“Ear

th st

udie

s”—

site-

spec

ific

blac

k-an

d-w

hite

3-D

cas

ts o

f the

ear

th. T

he c

omm

unal

grou

p, st

arte

d by

hus

band

and

wife

team

Mar

k Bo

yle

and

Joan

Hills

, late

r cam

e to

inclu

de th

e co

uple

’s ch

ildre

n an

d ev

en th

eir f

riend

s and

nei

ghbo

urs,

who

as

siste

d in

the

artis

tic p

roce

ss.

Rese

arch

, ins

pira

tion,

min

d m

aps,

shoo

t pl

ans

and

your

id

eas.

Expe

rim

entin

g, p

hoto

shop

ed

its, m

anua

l edi

ts, t

akin

g ph

otos

usi

ng d

iffer

ent

cam

era

sett

ings

.

Key T

erm

s

SYM

MET

RIC

AL

- Som

ethi

ng w

hich

look

s the

sa

me

on o

ne si

de a

s it d

oes o

n an

othe

r, as

if a

m

irror

has

refle

cted

it.

WID

E A

NG

LE -

A ty

pe o

r set

ting

of le

ns w

hich

giv

es a

larg

e fie

ld o

f vie

w (t

he o

ppos

ite o

f bei

ng

“zoo

med

in”)

. Thi

s is o

ften

used

in la

ndsc

ape

phot

ogra

phy.

WO

RMS

EYE

VIE

W -

A ca

mer

a an

gle w

hich

lo

oks u

p at

the

subj

ect. T

his c

an m

ake

your

subj

ect

look

larg

e or

pow

erfu

l.C

ON

TEX

TU

ALI

SE -

Som

ethi

ng to

con

sider

so

met

hing

in re

latio

n to

the

situa

tion

in w

hich

it

happ

ens o

r exi

sts.

As im

port

ant a

s the

pho

togr

aph

is a

capt

ion

to c

onte

xtua

lize

the

imag

e.

Tech

nica

l Key

boar

d Sh

ortc

uts

Ctr

l + N

= N

ew p

age

C

trl +

Shi

ft +

Alt

+ V

= P

aste

into

sele

ctio

nC

trl +

C =

Cop

y

C

trl +

X =

Cut

Ctr

l + V

= P

aste

Ctr

l + T

= T

rans

form

C

trl +

Z =

Ste

p ba

ckw

ards

Tie

r th

ree

wor

ds:

MA

CRO

- Sh

ort f

or “M

acro

scop

ic”, t

his t

erm

refe

rs to

pro

ducin

g ph

otos

of v

ery

small

item

s at a

scale

larg

er th

an li

fe si

ze.

MO

NO

CH

ROM

E - A

n im

age

usin

g on

ly w

hite

and

one

col

our (

usua

lly b

lack)

.RE

SOLU

TIO

N -

The

num

ber o

f pix

els i

n an

imag

e, ex

pres

sed

as _

___

x __

__

(ie. 1

200

x 18

70). T

he h

igher

the

reso

lutio

n, th

e gr

eate

r the

am

ount

of d

etail

and

qu

ality

in a

pho

togr

aph

and

the

large

r it i

s.SH

UT

TER

SPE

ED -

This

is ho

w lo

ng y

our c

amer

a’s sh

utte

r sta

ys o

pen

for a

nd it

ca

n be

read

on

eith

er th

e ba

ck o

f you

r scr

een

or w

ithin

the

view

finde

r. Fa

st sh

utte

r sp

eed

capt

ures

act

ion

shot

s and

slow

shut

ter s

peed

cap

ture

s mot

ion.

37

WEE

K 3

& 4

FOC

US

- Ass

essm

ent

Obj

ectiv

e 3

(AO

3)

Des

crib

ing T

extu

re●

How

do

you

see

diffe

rent

text

ures

with

in

the

phot

ogra

ph?

●D

o th

e te

xtur

es h

elp

to c

reat

e a

moo

d or

ef

fect

? ●

Doe

s the

ligh

ting

help

to h

ighlig

ht th

ese

text

ures

? Fl

at, p

olish

ed, s

moo

th, r

aised

, rou

gh, c

oars

e, cu

t, in

cised

, pitt

ed, s

crat

ched

, une

ven,

hairy

, stic

ky, s

oft,

hard

, shi

ny, g

loss

y, re

flect

ive, s

atin

, silk

, fros

ted,

mat

te.

Nik

Mer

kulo

v

Befo

re b

ecom

ing

a Ph

otog

raph

er, N

ik M

erku

low

w

as a

pain

ter.

He

was

alw

ays f

ascin

ated

by

the

‘Mist

aken

hap

peni

ngs’

whe

n m

ixin

g di

ffere

nt

med

ium

s suc

h as

pain

t, oi

l, wax

etc

.

He

said

of h

is w

ork “

With

this

new

serie

s of p

aint

text

ures

, I co

uld

finall

y un

ite m

y pa

ssio

ns fo

r ph

otog

raph

y an

d pa

intin

g. I c

hose

nail

var

nish

as t

he

pain

t in

this

phot

o. Th

ey a

ll ha

d di

ffere

nt te

xtur

es,

diffe

rent

den

sitie

s, an

d di

ffere

nt c

olor

s, et

c. I u

sed

purp

le v

arni

sh a

s a b

ase,

and

then

I in

trod

uced

so

me

redd

ish p

aint.

I too

k a

pale

tte k

nife

and

st

arte

d dr

awin

g w

avy

lines

to c

reat

e th

e m

ain

text

ure”

.

WEE

K 5

& 6

FOC

US

- Ass

essm

ent

Obj

ectiv

e 4

(AO

4)

Keyw

ords

Cam

era

Raw

: Also

kno

wn

as R

AW, is

an

imag

e fil

e th

at c

onta

ins a

min

imal

amou

nt o

f pro

cess

ed

data

from

the

scen

e. M

any

phot

ogra

pher

s fav

our

this

imag

e fo

rmat

ove

r JPE

G a

s it a

llow

s mor

e co

ntro

l at t

he e

ditin

g st

age.

Clo

ning

: Is a

digi

tal p

roce

ssin

g to

ol th

at a

llow

s yo

u to

cop

y pa

rt o

f an

imag

e to

ano

ther

par

t. Thi

s m

eans

you

can

rem

ove

part

of a

n im

age

that

is

unw

ante

d.C

ompo

sitio

n: Is

the

plac

emen

t of r

elat

ive

subj

ects

and

ele

men

ts w

ithin

an

imag

e or

scen

e to

cr

eate

a p

leas

ing

feel

. C

onta

ct S

heet

: Use

d pr

imar

ily in

film

cam

eras

, is

a sh

eet o

f all

the

fram

es a

nd is

use

d as

a p

roof

pr

int.

How

ever

, it is

now

also

use

d w

ith d

igita

l im

ages

to sh

owca

se w

ork

to a

clie

nt fr

om th

e sh

oot.

Glo

ssar

y of

ter

ms

Exte

rnal

flas

h – A

supp

lem

enta

ry fl

ash

unit

that

con

nect

s to

the

cam

era

with

a c

able

, or

is tr

igger

ed b

y th

e lig

ht fr

om th

e ca

mer

a's in

tern

al fla

sh. M

any

fun

and

crea

tive

effe

cts

can

be c

reat

ed w

ith e

xter

nal f

lash.

Fill

flash

– A

flas

h te

chni

que

used

to b

right

en d

eep

shad

ow a

reas

, typ

ically

out

door

s on

sunn

y da

ys. S

ome

digit

al ca

mer

as in

clude

a fi

ll fla

sh m

ode

that

forc

es th

e fla

sh to

fire

, ev

en in

brig

ht li

ght.

Imag

e re

solu

tion

- The

num

ber o

f pix

els i

n a

digit

al ph

oto

is co

mm

only

refe

rred

to a

s its

imag

e re

solu

tion.

300p

pi is

the

corr

ect r

esol

utio

n fo

r prin

t. 72

ppi i

s the

cor

rect

sc

reen

reso

lutio

n.

Wri

ting,

ann

otat

ing,

tak

ing

phot

os e

tc .

. .

Fini

shed

edi

ts, o

utco

mes

, pr

ojec

t ev

alua

tion

& fi

nal

piec

e.

38

Cyc

le 4

Soc

iolo

gy Y

ear

10 K

now

ledg

e O

rgan

iser

: Str

atifi

catio

n

Sess

ion

Keyw

ords

Kno

wle

dge

Soci

olog

ical

con

cept

s

Wee

k 1

and

2A

chie

ved

Stat

us -

stat

us g

ained

th

roug

h yo

ur o

wn

effo

rts

Asc

ribe

d st

atus

- st

atus

of t

he g

roup

yo

u w

ere

born

into

Soci

al c

lass

Base

d on

inco

me

acco

rdin

g to

the

Nat

iona

l Sta

tistic

s Soc

io-E

cono

mic

class

ifica

tion

Hie

rarc

hy-T

he w

ay s

ocie

ty is

st

ruct

ured

or

divi

ded

into

la

yers

with

leas

t fa

vour

able

at

the

bott

omSo

cial

cla

ss,A

form

st

ratif

icat

ion

base

d on

ec

onom

ic fa

ctor

sSo

cial

ineq

ualit

y-so

me

peop

le

have

mor

e po

wer

and

sta

tus

in

soci

ety

Soci

al m

obili

ty,-T

he a

bilit

y to

m

ove

up a

nd d

own

the

soci

al

scal

eIn

com

e- T

he fl

ow o

f res

ourc

es

into

you

r ho

useh

old

Wea

lth,-O

wne

rshi

p of

ass

ets

like

prop

erty

, lan

d or

oth

er

valu

able

thi

ngs

Slav

ery

-Slav

s are

peo

ple

owne

d by

oth

ers i

n th

e so

ciety

It w

as p

art o

f the

Gre

ek a

nd R

oman

Em

pire

Slave

s wer

e als

o us

ed o

n th

e pl

anta

tions

of U

SA a

nd W

est

Indi

esTr

eatm

ent o

f slav

es is

usu

ally

poor

and

bru

tal

Slave

s are

rega

rded

as l

ess t

han

hum

an a

nd

Infe

rior t

o th

eir o

wne

rsBr

itain

mad

e a

lot o

f mon

ey o

ut o

f slav

ery

durin

g th

e Sla

ve

Trad

eM

oder

n sla

very

still

happ

ens t

oday

Cas

te s

yste

m-U

sed

in In

dia

base

d on

the

Hin

du re

ligio

nA

child

is b

orn

into

a c

aste

bas

ed o

n th

eir

Pare

nts o

ccup

atio

n (a

scrib

ed st

atus

)yo

u st

ay in

that

Cas

te a

ll yo

ur li

feYo

ur C

aste

is b

ased

on

your

beh

avio

ur in

you

rlas

t life

. Peo

ple

of lo

w C

aste

s are

thei

r bec

ause

they

did

w

rong

in th

eir p

revio

us

life.

This

rebi

rth

is kn

own

as re

inca

rnat

ion

Indi

vidua

ls at

the

botto

m a

re c

alled

U

ntou

chab

les

The

aim is

to li

ve a

goo

d lif

e - w

ork

your

way

up

the

cast

e sy

stem

to th

e to

pAp

arth

eid

Sout

h afr

ica 1

948

-199

4It

was

a ra

cially

bas

ed st

ratif

icatio

n Pe

ople

wer

e cla

ssifi

ed b

lack,

whi

te o

r col

oure

dD

epen

ding

on

your

racia

l clas

sifica

tion-

dep

ende

d on

whe

re

you

coul

d go

, wor

k, liv

e, sw

im o

r sho

pBa

sed

on th

e id

ea o

f whi

te su

perio

rity

Web

er’s V

iew

He

said

socia

l clas

ses a

re fo

rmed

whe

n on

e gr

oup

empl

oys

anot

herT

he se

cond

gro

up se

lls th

eir l

abou

r - W

eber

saw

the

proc

ess o

f hiri

ng la

bour

and

the

rew

ards

that

aro

se fr

om th

is as

vita

l in

expl

ainin

g cla

ssW

eber

said

clas

s is a

gro

up o

f peo

ple

with

sim

ilar a

cces

s to

life

chan

ces

( the

abi

lity

to b

e su

cces

sful)

in li

fe a

nd

oppo

rtun

ities

in e

duca

tion,

healt

hH

e fo

und

4 m

ain so

cial c

lasse

s:--

Prop

erty

ow

ners

-Th

e w

orki

ng c

lass

-Pr

ofes

siona

ls-

The

petty

bou

rgeo

isie

(sho

p ke

eper

s)Th

ese

diffe

rent

clas

s situ

atio

n re

flect

ed d

iffer

ent m

arke

t sit

uatio

ns in

the

labou

r mar

ket

Func

tiona

list’s

Vie

w -

Dav

is a

nd M

oore

They

arg

ued

that

socia

l st

ratif

icatio

n w

as a

‘uni

vers

al ne

cess

ity’. I

t was

nee

ded

for s

ocie

ty to

surv

ive so

that

the

follo

win

g co

uld

happ

en:-

All r

oles

in so

ciety

can

be

fille

dRu

les a

re fi

lled

by b

est p

erso

n fo

r the

bes

t job

Nec

essa

ry tr

ainin

g ca

n ta

ke p

lace

Ever

yone

per

form

s the

ir ro

le to

the

best

of t

heir

abilit

yTh

ese

role

s will

only

be a

ll fil

led

if so

cial s

trat

ifica

tion

atta

ches

une

qual

rew

ards

and

priv

ilege

s to

diffe

rent

pos

ition

s in

socie

ty. Y

ou n

eed

to a

ttach

bes

t rew

ards

to th

e m

ost s

kille

d an

d di

fficu

lt jo

bs to

attr

act t

he m

ost t

alent

ed to

them

. Soc

iety

is

a m

erito

crac

y so

the

mos

t tale

nted

will

rece

ive th

e be

st

rew

ards

and

eve

ryon

e ha

s an

equa

l cha

nce

of g

ettin

g th

ese

Wee

k 3

and

4

Inte

rgen

erat

iona

l soc

ial m

obili

ty -

mov

ing

into

a d

iffer

ent s

ocial

clas

s fro

m y

our p

aren

tsIn

trag

ener

atio

nal -

mov

ing

into

di

ffere

nt c

lasse

s in

your

ow

n lif

etim

eAs

simila

tion

- eth

nic

min

ority

gro

ups

give

up th

eir c

ultu

re a

nd a

dopt

Brit

ish

way

of l

ifeAu

thor

ity -

The

exer

cise

of p

ower

ba

sed

on c

onse

nt o

r agr

eem

ent

Soci

al m

obili

tyRo

utes

to so

cial m

obilit

y co

me

from

Educ

atio

n - M

arria

ge- w

indf

alls l

ike th

e lo

ttery

Thes

e ro

utes

can

be

bloc

ked

byU

nem

ploy

men

t - d

iscrim

inat

ion

- Divo

rce

Bure

aucr

acy-

An

orga

nisa

tion

that

ope

rate

s as a

hie

rarc

hy

with

a c

lear

set o

f rul

esC

haris

mat

ic au

thor

ity- o

bedi

ence

by

usin

g yo

ur p

erso

nalit

yC

oerc

ion

- use

of f

orce

to m

ake

som

ethi

ng h

appe

nC

lass a

lignm

ent -

stro

ng li

nks b

etw

een

class

and

vot

ing

beha

vior

Clas

s dea

lignm

ent -

wea

keni

ng li

nks b

etw

een

class

and

vot

ing

Life

cha

nces

- th

e op

port

uniti

es th

at a

n in

divid

ual h

as to

get

m

ater

ial o

r cul

tura

l res

ourc

esLi

fe e

xpec

tanc

y - h

ow lo

ng a

nyon

e is

expe

cted

to li

veLi

fe c

hanc

es -

thes

e ar

e aff

ecte

d by

edu

catio

n, se

xuali

ty,

gend

er, s

ocial

clas

s, ag

e an

d he

alth

39

Cyc

le 4

Soc

iolo

gy Y

ear

10 K

now

ledg

e O

rgan

iser

: Str

atifi

catio

n

Sess

ion

Keyw

ords

Wee

k 5

and

6:

Ratio

nal l

egal

auth

ority

-Obe

dien

ce

is ba

sed

on th

e op

erat

ion

of a

set

of ru

les

Pow

er -A

socia

l rel

atio

nshi

p be

twee

n in

divid

uals

- whe

re o

ne

pers

on o

r peo

ple

have

dom

inan

ceM

arke

t situ

atio

n - c

lasse

s dev

elop

in

mar

ket e

cono

mie

s in

whi

ch

indi

vidua

ls co

mpe

te to

get

re

sour

ces

Plur

alism

- Mor

e th

an o

ne v

iew

in

socie

tyM

orbi

dity

- ha

ving

a se

rious

illn

ess

or d

iseas

ePa

rty

- an

orga

nisa

tion

or g

roup

w

ho se

ek to

exe

rcise

pow

erSo

cial c

onst

ruct

ion

- pat

tern

s of

beha

viour

bas

ed o

n no

rms a

nd

expe

ctat

ions

Socia

l mob

ility

- peo

ple’s

m

ovem

ents

up

or d

own

the

socia

l sc

aleSt

atus

- th

e le

vel o

f pre

stige

or

impo

rtan

ceW

indf

all -

a su

dden

and

un

expe

cted

influ

x of

cas

h lik

e w

inni

ng th

e lo

ttery

Toxi

c ch

ildho

od -

the

idea

that

life

is

dang

erou

s for

chi

ldre

n to

day

Trad

ition

al au

thor

ity -

A so

cial

relat

ions

hip

betw

een

indi

vidua

ls -

whe

re o

ne p

erso

n or

peo

ple

have

do

min

ance

Turn

out

- th

e nu

mbe

r of p

eopl

e vo

ting

in a

n el

ectio

nVo

ter a

path

y - l

ack

of in

tere

st in

th

e ou

tcom

e of

ele

ctio

ns

Ineq

ualit

ies

in g

roup

sG

ende

rAt

tem

pts t

o im

prov

e w

omen

's rig

hts:-

1944

- Ed

ucat

ion A

ct -

allow

ed m

arrie

d w

omen

to st

ay in

te

achi

ng19

60s-

70s -

Wom

en’s

Libe

ratio

n M

ovem

ent -

cam

paign

ing

for w

omen

’s rig

hts

1970

- Eq

ual P

aY A

ct -

sam

e pa

y fo

r men

and

wom

en19

75 -

Sex

Disc

rimin

atio

n Act

- m

en a

nd w

omen

hav

e sa

me

oppo

rtun

ities

in w

ork/

edu

catio

n/ so

ciety

1988

Edu

catio

n Act

girl

s and

boy

s to

stud

y En

glish

, Mat

hs

and

scie

nce

to 1

6Th

is w

ould

sugg

est t

hat t

hing

s are

mor

e eq

ual n

owH

owev

er:-

Fire

figh

ting

is m

ale d

omin

ated

82%

of w

orke

rs in

car

e , le

isure

indu

stry

are

fem

ale10

% of

wor

kers

in sk

illed

trad

es li

ke p

lum

bing

are

fem

aleG

lass c

eilin

g ev

en w

hen

men

and

wom

en a

re e

mpl

oyed

in

the

sam

e jo

bs th

ere

is an

invis

ible

bar

rier

whi

ch st

ops

peop

le g

ettin

g th

e be

st p

aid jo

bsW

omen

ear

n ab

out ⅕

less

than

men

per

hou

r (ge

nder

pay

ga

p)W

omen

’s im

prov

ed e

duca

tion

mea

ns th

e pa

y ga

p ha

s na

rrow

ed b

ut th

is in

crea

ses a

gain

whe

n th

ey h

ave

child

ren

Ethn

icity

and

ineq

ualit

yU

K is

cultu

rally

dive

rse

- has

lots

of d

iffer

ent e

thni

c gr

oups

in it

lik

e Po

lish,

Afro

car

ibbe

an a

nd In

dian

Socio

logis

ts d

o no

t divi

de p

eopl

e by

race

inst

ead

they

use

et

hnici

tyTh

ey d

o ac

cept

that

min

ority

eth

nic

grou

ps w

ill su

ffer p

reju

dice

an

d ra

cism

13%

of U

K po

pulat

ion

are

from

eth

nic

min

oriti

esH

owev

er th

ey a

re u

nder

repr

esen

ted

in p

oliti

cal a

nd d

ecisi

on

mak

ing

posit

ions

they

mak

e up

:--

6.3%

of M

Ps-

3.4

% of

seni

or p

olice

offi

cers

-5%

of c

ourt

judg

es-

40%

of N

HS

doct

ors

This

is de

spite

the

Attempt

s to

redr

ess t

he p

robl

em:-

Equa

lity

an a

nti-

disc

rimin

atio

n le

gislat

ion

- act

s sin

ce 1

975

have

tr

ied

to st

op m

inor

ity e

thni

c gr

oups

bei

ng u

nfair

ly tr

eate

d. Th

e Eq

ualit

y Act

201

0 co

mbi

nes o

ver 1

00 la

ws i

nto

one

act.

Its a

im

was

to p

rote

ct p

eopl

e fro

m u

nfair

trea

tmen

t and

to p

rom

ote

a fai

r and

mor

e eq

ual s

ocie

ty

Polit

ical

pow

erPo

litica

l pow

er =

one

gro

up in

socie

ty h

ave

mor

e po

wer

to

mak

e de

cisio

nsIn

UK

we

have

a d

emoc

racy

. Peo

ple

vote

regu

larly

for w

ho

they

wan

t to

rule

them

. Fre

e el

ectio

ns a

nd a

cho

ice o

f pa

rtie

s. Vo

ting

is in

fluen

ced

by p

aren

ts, c

lass,

peer

s and

eve

nts.

Ther

e ar

e tw

o m

ain v

iew

s on

who

hol

ds p

ower

in

socie

ty a

nd h

ow it

is d

istrib

uted

1.Pl

urali

sm -

ther

e ar

e a

rang

e of

com

petin

g in

tere

sts

and

inte

rest

gro

ups

2.C

onfli

ct -

only

thos

e fro

m p

rivile

ged

back

grou

nds

Plur

alism

Po

litica

l pow

er is

shar

ed b

etw

een

grou

psN

o sin

gle g

roup

dom

inat

esTh

e st

ate

acts

as a

refe

ree

betw

een

the

grou

psan

d se

rves

the

need

s of a

ll so

ciety

Pres

sure

(int

eres

t) gr

oups

, new

socia

l mov

emen

ts a

re c

rucia

l to

dem

ocra

cyC

onfli

ctO

ther

cou

ntrie

s like

Nor

th K

orea

hav

e a

dict

ator

ship

Dict

ator

ship

s use

cen

sors

hip,

prop

agan

da a

nd m

ilitar

y fo

rce

to

keep

con

trol

Nat

ion

stat

e sh

own

by th

ings

like

flag

s, an

them

s

40

WEE

K 1

& 5

Sho

rt te

rm e

ffect

s of

exe

rcis

e on

the

ca

rdio

resp

irato

ry s

yste

m

WEE

K 2

& 6

Sho

rt te

rm e

ffect

s of

exe

rcis

e on

the

m

uscu

losk

elet

al s

yste

m

Keyw

ords

and

def

initi

ons

H

eart

rate

(HR

) = th

e nu

mbe

r of t

imes

you

r hea

rt be

ats

in a

min

ute

St

roke

vol

ume

(SV)

= a

mou

nt o

f blo

od p

umpe

d by

hea

rt pe

r bea

t

Adr

enal

in =

a s

ubst

ance

whi

ch y

our b

ody

prod

uces

to m

ake

your

hea

rt be

at

fast

er a

nd it

giv

es y

ou m

ore

ener

gy.

C

ardi

ac o

utpu

t (Q

) =am

ount

of b

lood

pum

ped

by h

eart

per m

inut

e (H

R x

SV)

Va

soco

nstr

ictio

n =

narro

win

g of

arte

riole

s

Vaso

dila

tion

= op

enin

g of

arte

riole

s

Bre

athi

ng ra

te =

The

am

ount

of b

reat

hs ta

ken

in a

min

ute

Ti

dal v

olum

e =

the

amou

nt o

f air

inha

led

and

exha

led

with

eac

h br

eath

Keyw

ords

and

def

initi

ons

Sy

novi

al fl

uid

= a

lubr

ican

t fou

nd in

syn

ovia

l joi

nts

In

crea

sed

mus

cle

tem

pera

ture

= m

ore

bloo

d in

mus

cles

war

ms

then

up

and

m

eans

mus

cles

are

mor

e fle

xibl

e

Mic

ro te

ars

= sm

all t

ears

that

hap

pen

in th

e m

uscl

es

Prog

ress

ive

over

load

= in

ord

er to

pro

gres

s (im

prov

e), t

rain

ing

need

s to

be

de

man

ding

eno

ugh

to c

ause

the

body

to a

dapt

(cha

nge)

, im

prov

ing

pe

rform

ance

.

Wei

ght b

earin

g ac

tivity

= e

xerc

ise

one

perfo

rms

whi

le o

n th

eir f

eet (

runn

ing)

M

etab

olic

act

ivity

= a

ll of

the

chem

ical

reac

tions

that

are

occ

urrin

g in

side

yo

ur b

ody.

How

do

your

hea

rt a

nd lu

ngs

resp

ond

whe

n yo

u st

art t

o ex

erci

se?

Hea

rt ra

te a

nd s

trok

e vo

lum

e in

crea

ses:

●

Due

to th

e he

art h

avin

g to

wor

k ha

rder

to p

ump

oxyg

enat

ed b

lood

ar

ound

the

body

An

ticip

ator

y ris

e:

●Be

fore

you

exe

rcis

e yo

ur h

eart

rate

is in

crea

sed

due

to th

e re

leas

e of

A

dren

alin

In

crea

se in

blo

od fl

ow

●to

allo

w m

ore

bloo

d an

d nu

trien

ts to

be

deliv

ered

to m

uscl

es

Incr

ease

d ca

rdia

c ou

tput

(Q)

●

To g

et o

xyge

nate

d bl

ood

to w

orki

ng m

uscl

es (d

ue to

incr

ease

d he

art

rate

and

stro

ke v

olum

e)

Red

istri

butio

n of

blo

od fl

ow

●Bl

ood

is d

eliv

ered

to d

iffer

ent p

arts

of t

he b

ody

thro

ugh

va

soco

nstr

ictio

n an

d va

sodi

latio

n .

Incr

ease

d bu

ild-u

p of

lact

ic a

cid

in th

e bl

ood

●

To s

low

you

r mus

cles

dow

n so

the

body

can

rebu

ild o

xyge

n st

ores

In

crea

sed

brea

thin

g ra

te

●In

ord

er to

sup

ply

mor

e ox

ygen

to w

orki

ng m

uscl

es a

nd re

mov

e

carb

on d

ioxi

de

Incr

ease

in ti

dal v

olum

e (T

V)

●As

mus

cula

r act

ivity

incr

ease

s, th

e pr

oduc

tion

of c

arbo

n di

oxid

e

incr

ease

s re

sulti

ng in

TV

How

do

your

mus

cles

and

bon

es re

spon

d w

hen

you

star

t to

exer

cise

?

Incr

ease

d pr

oduc

tion

of s

ynov

ial f

luid

●

To g

ive

join

t lub

ricat

ion

and

nour

ishm

ent

●R

educ

es fr

ictio

n du

ring

mov

emen

t

Incr

ease

d jo

int r

ange

of m

ovem

ent

●

Due

to in

crea

se in

blo

od fl

ow a

nd in

crea

sed

mus

cle

tem

pera

ture

Incr

ease

in m

icro

tear

s in

mus

cle

fibre

s

●C

ausi

ng th

e m

uscl

e to

rebu

ild it

self

and

beco

me

slig

htly

big

ger a

nd

stro

nger

●

Prog

ress

ive

over

load

hel

ps c

reat

e th

ese

mic

ro te

ars

safe

ly

New

bon

e fo

rmat

ion

●

Prot

eins

, lik

e co

llage

n, a

re la

id d

own

to s

treng

then

the

bone

●

This

occ

urs

durin

g w

eigh

t bea

ring

activ

ity

Incr

ease

d m

etab

olic

act

ivity

●

Our

bod

y pr

oduc

es e

nerg

y to

mai

ntai

n ex

erci

se

●C

hem

ical

reac

tions

giv

e of

f hea

t whi

ch c

an w

arm

an

athl

ete

in c

old

co

nditi

ons

Wee

k 3

- Ene

rgy

Syst

ems

W

eek

4 - E

nerg

y Sy

stem

s

Keyw

ords

and

def

initi

ons

A

naer

obic

= p

rodu

cing

ene

rgy

with

out o

xyge

n

Aer

obic

= u

sing

oxy

gen

to p

rodu

ce e

nerg

y

Ade

nosi

ne tr

ipho

spha

te (A

TP) =

a m

olec

ule

that

is th

e on

ly u

seab

le fo

rm o

f en

ergy

in y

our b

ody

C

reat

ine

phos

phat

e (C

P) =

a m

olec

ule

that

can

be

quic

kly

conv

erte

d to

ATP

fo

r ene

rgy

En

ergy

sys

tem

= m

etho

d of

con

verti

ng n

utrie

nts

to e

nerg

y

Gly

coly

sis

= th

e pr

oces

s of

con

verti

ng g

lyco

gen/

gluc

ose

to A

TP fo

r ene

rgy

G

lyco

gen

= a

form

of c

arbo

hydr

ate

stor

ed in

the

liver

and

mus

cles

Fa

tty a

cids

= p

rodu

ced

from

the

brea

kdow

n of

fat.

Fatty

aci

ds a

re c

onve

rted

to

ATP

for e

nerg

y

Re-

synt

hesi

se -

to re

prod

uce

ATP

La

ctic

aci

d =

the

chem

ical

byp

rodu

ct o

f ana

erob

ic re

spira

tion

Ther

e ar

e 3

ener

gy s

yste

ms

(2 a

naer

obic

, 1 a

erob

ic):

An

aero

bic

path

way

:

1. A

TP/C

PSys

tem

-

Use

s st

ored

ATP

to p

rodu

ce e

nerg

y. W

hen

stor

es o

f ATP

run

out,

CP

is

use

d to

rest

ore

ATP

leve

ls

-C

an p

rodu

ce e

nerg

y fo

r up

to 2

0 se

cond

s of

act

ivity

-

Mai

nly

used

by

spor

ting

even

ts s

uch

as h

igh

jum

p, 1

00m

spr

int a

nd

wei

ghtli

fting

2.

Gly

coly

sis/

Lact

ic a

cid

syst

em

-U

ses

gluc

ose

stor

ed in

the

liver

and

mus

cles

to p

rodu

ce e

nerg

y

-En

ergy

is s

uppl

ied

for u

p to

240

sec

onds

of a

ctiv

ity, a

lthou

gh te

nds

to

reac

h its

pea

k fro

m 6

0-90

sec

onds

-

Mai

nly

used

by

spor

ts s

uch

as 4

00m

, 800

m o

r 150

0m.

-La

ctic

aci

d is

a b

y pr

oduc

t of t

his

syst

em

Aero

bic

path

way

:

3.

Aer

obic

Sys

tem

-

Use

s ox

ygen

to re

synt

hesi

se A

TP o

ver a

long

per

iod

of ti

me

-

Use

s gl

ycog

en a

nd fa

tty a

cids

to p

rodu

ce A

TP fo

r ene

rgy

-

This

sys

tem

is im

porta

nt fo

r sus

tain

ed a

ctiv

ity in

eve

nts

such

as

m

arat

hon

runn

ing,

long

dis

tanc

e sw

imm

ing

and

long

dis

tanc

e cy

clin

g

41

Wee

k 3

- Ene

rgy

Syst

ems

W

eek

4 - E

nerg

y Sy

stem

s

Keyw

ords

and

def

initi

ons

A

naer

obic

= p

rodu

cing

ene

rgy

with

out o

xyge

n

Aer

obic

= u

sing

oxy

gen

to p

rodu

ce e

nerg

y

Ade

nosi

ne tr

ipho

spha

te (A

TP) =

a m

olec

ule

that

is th

e on

ly u

seab

le fo

rm o

f en

ergy

in y

our b

ody

C

reat

ine

phos

phat

e (C

P) =

a m

olec

ule

that

can

be

quic

kly

conv

erte

d to

ATP

fo

r ene

rgy

En

ergy

sys

tem

= m

etho

d of

con

verti

ng n

utrie

nts

to e

nerg

y

Gly

coly

sis

= th

e pr

oces

s of

con

verti

ng g

lyco

gen/

gluc

ose

to A

TP fo

r ene

rgy

G

lyco

gen

= a

form

of c

arbo

hydr

ate

stor

ed in

the

liver

and

mus

cles

Fa

tty a

cids

= p

rodu

ced

from

the

brea

kdow

n of

fat.

Fatty

aci

ds a

re c

onve

rted

to

ATP

for e

nerg

y

Re-

synt

hesi

se -

to re

prod

uce

ATP

La

ctic

aci

d =

the

chem

ical

byp

rodu

ct o

f ana

erob

ic re

spira

tion

Ther

e ar

e 3

ener

gy s

yste

ms

(2 a

naer

obic

, 1 a

erob

ic):

An

aero

bic

path

way

:

1. A

TP/C

PSys

tem

-

Use

s st

ored

ATP

to p

rodu

ce e

nerg

y. W

hen

stor

es o

f ATP

run

out,

CP

is

use

d to

rest

ore

ATP

leve

ls

-C

an p

rodu

ce e

nerg

y fo

r up

to 2

0 se

cond

s of

act

ivity

-

Mai

nly

used

by

spor

ting

even

ts s

uch

as h

igh

jum

p, 1

00m

spr

int a

nd

wei

ghtli

fting

2.

Gly

coly

sis/

Lact

ic a

cid

syst

em

-U

ses

gluc

ose

stor

ed in

the

liver

and

mus

cles

to p

rodu

ce e

nerg

y

-En

ergy

is s

uppl

ied

for u

p to

240

sec

onds

of a

ctiv

ity, a

lthou

gh te

nds

to

reac

h its

pea

k fro

m 6

0-90

sec

onds

-

Mai

nly

used

by

spor

ts s

uch

as 4

00m

, 800

m o

r 150

0m.

-La

ctic

aci

d is

a b

y pr

oduc

t of t

his

syst

em

Aero

bic

path

way

:

3.

Aer

obic

Sys

tem

-

Use

s ox

ygen

to re

synt

hesi

se A

TP o

ver a

long

per

iod

of ti

me

-

Use

s gl

ycog

en a

nd fa

tty a

cids

to p

rodu

ce A

TP fo

r ene

rgy

-

This

sys

tem

is im

porta

nt fo

r sus

tain

ed a

ctiv

ity in

eve

nts

such

as

m

arat

hon

runn

ing,

long

dis

tanc

e sw

imm

ing

and

long

dis

tanc

e cy

clin

g

Stoke Damerel Six

RESPECT• Respect each other

• Be kind, treat others how you want to be treated

• Respect yourself

RESPONSIBLE• Take responsibility for your

learning and behaviour • Try to be a leader

• Be a positive role model

RESILIENT• Commit to your learning

• Try your best • And try again and again

PREPARED• Be prepared and ready to learn • Be here, be on time and bring

everything you need for learning • Take part in your learning

and your school

PROFESSIONAL• Be polite

• Be welcoming to all members of our College

• Smile and be friendly

PRIDE• Be proud to learn; proud

of your work• Wear your Stoke Damerel

uniform with pride • Be proud of yourself