knoxville - tennessee vacationcw.tnvacation.com/lib/file/civil_war_trail_guide.pdf · i v e r e n e...
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Greeneville(Multiple Sites)
Tusculum College
Battles ofBlue Springs
PottertownBridge-Burners
Cleveland (Multiple Sites)
Charleston
Calhoun
(Multiple Sites)
Fighting on theTennessee River
(Birdsong Marina)
Camden
New Johnsonville
JohnsonvilleHSP
Nathan BedfordForrest SP
NASHVILLE
Franklin(See Inset)
Big CreekGap
The Hermitage
Clover Bottom Farm
WhiteHouse
(Multiple Sites)
Dickson(Clement RRMuseum)
Clarksville(See Inset)
(See Inset)
Crossville
Pleasant Hill(Affair at Cumberland
Mountain)
LaGrange
MEMPHIS(See Inset)
ColliervilleKirby FarmHouse
Germantown(Multiple Sites)
(Battle of Colliervilleand Chalmers’s Raid)
Battle of Moscow
Trenton(Multiple Sites)
Huntingdon (Multiple Sites)
LairdlandFarm House
Salem CemeteryBattlefield
Jackson(Civil War Museumat The Carnegie)
Hurst’s Raid at Barretville
Denmark(Presbyterian
Church)
CaseyJonesVillage
Parker’sCrossroads
(Multiple Sites)
Lexington
NatchezTraceState Park
Waverly(Fort Hill)
Granville
Gainesboro(Cumberland RiverCampaign andJackson County Court House)
Dandridge(Multiple Sites)KNOXVILLE
(See Inset)
Lawrenceburg
Minor Hill(Sam Davis
Capture Site)
Cornersville(Jake Donelson)
Sugar CreekEngagement
Pulaski
Summertown(Fouche Springs
Engagement)
Lenoir City
Kingston(Roane Co.Couthouse)
Wartburg
Frozen HeadState Park
Oliver Springs (Multiple Sites)
Oak Ridge
Gatlinburg (Multiple Sites)
Norris DamState Park
(Multiple Sites)
MorgantonCrossing
Columbia(Multiple Sites)
NiotaDepot
SweetwaterDepot
Madisonville(Monroe CountyCourthouse)
Great Craighead Cave
Tomotley Ford
Affair at Travisville
Jamestown
Cordell HullBirthplaceState Park
Blountville(Multiple Sites)
Kingsport
Surgoinsville
Battle ofBig Creek
Gallatin(Multiple Sites)
Cold Spring School
Portland
Cragfont
BledsoeCreek SP
Whites Creek(Fontanel)
Hartsville(Multiple Sites)
LandonCarter
Haynes
Johnson CityElizabethton(Sam Carter)
Bluff City
Lebanon (Multiple Sites)
ThompsonStation
Winstead Hill
Murfreesboro(See Inset)
Stones River Battlefield
Woodbury
Smyrna(Depot and
Sam Davis Home)
TravellersRest
Castalian Springs(Multiple Sites)
Charlotte
CHATTANOOGA(See Inset)
Savannah
PickwickLanding SP
(Cherry Mansion andTennessee River Museum)
Indian MountainState Park
Huntsville(Museum of Scott Co. )
Big RidgeState Park
(Lincoln and theCumberland Gap)
CumberlandGap NHP
Chilhowie
Saltville(Multiple Sites)
HistoricJonesborough
Andrew Johnson NHSDavy Crockett Birthplace
State Park Jefferson City(Mossy CreekEngagement)
Farragut (Battle ofCampbell’s Station)
GreenbackNational CampgroundLoudon
(RailroadBridge)
Philadelphia
LaFollette
Rock House
Rock IslandState Park
Sparta
Winchester
Tims Ford SPMonteagle
Tullahoma(Multiple Sites)
Metro Lynchburg/Moore County
Courthouse
Manchester(Multiple Sites)
Livingston(Multiple Sites)
Monroe(Camp Myers)
Morgan’sOhio Raid
Carthage(Multiple Sites)
Rome(Rome Ferry)
LaVergne(Mary Kate
Patterson House)
RippavillaPlantation
FortNegley
St. Capitol& Museum
Moss Wright Park(Mansker Creek)
Springfield(Multiple Sites)
Adams(Ft. Redmond)
Five Points
Mount Pleasant(The Bigby Greys)
ArtilleryDuel
Athenaeum Rectory
CumberlandRolling Mill
Dover(MultipleSites)
FortDonelsonNB
Corinth
Shiloh NMP
Davis BridgeBattlefieldState Park
Bolivar(Visitor Gateway)
Pink PalaceMuseum
Fort PillowHistoric SP
BrittonLane
Chickamauga &Chattanooga NMP
Lookout Mountain
Battle ofHay’s Ferry
Spring Hill
Russellville(Longstreet’s Billet)
Morristown(Multiple Sites)
Raccoon Mountain
Promise LandSchool
RigginsHill
Clarksburg
Bristol(East Hill Cemetery)
SoldierTourist
Chickamauga DepotTennessee Valley Railroad
Sherman’sCrossing
SuckCreek
Red Bank(Multiple Sites)
Dunlap
Shy’s
Holly Tree Gap
Hill
Peach Orchard Hill
Union City
Paris
Clifton(Multiple Sites)
Waynesboro(Multiple Sites)
ASHEVILLE(Multiple Sites)
VanceBirthplace
Franklin(Dixie Hall)
Mars HillCollege
Hot Springs(Warm Springs Hotel)
Macon Co.HistoricalMuseum
Thomas’s Legion
Waynesville(Multiple Sites)
Maggie Valley(Kirk’s Raid)
Robbinsville(Civil War in
Graham County)
Cashiers(Zachary-Tolbert
House)
Marshall(Col. Allen House)
Old Fort(Swannanoa Gap)
CarsonHouse
Rocky FordEngagement
Allison-DeaverHouse
Duval-Groves House
Cookeville(Railroad Depot)
CampZollicoffer
Ridge Road
Paris LandingState Park Jack Hinson
Homeplace
Telegraph Road
McMinnville(Multiple Sites)
Banner
MountainCity
HouseCranberryIron Mines
Roan MountainState Park
BlalockFamily
Pall Mall
Red Boiling Springs(Palace Park)
Lafayette(Multiple Sites)
HarpethShoals
Abingdon
Battle ofBean Station
Cosby
Skirmish atJones CovePigeon Forge
(The Old Mill)
Spring City(Rhea Co. Spartans)
CokerCreek
Benton
Hiwassee/Ocoee Scenic River SP
Decatur(Meigs Co. CH)
CumberlandCaverns
FranceCemetery
Celina
Smithville(DeKalb Co. CH)
Alexandria
ElktonBridge
Fayetteville(Multiple Sites)
Doe Creek
Scotts Hill
School
Fallen Timbers
Purdy
GrandJunction
McKenzie
Dresden(Lochridge Mill)
(Multiple Sites)
Perry Co.Courthouse
Cedar GroveIron Furnace
Decaturville
Bath Springs
Hohenwald(Lewis Co. Courthouse)
Tennessee City(Camp Gillem/
Irish Shanty)
Yellow
Erin
CreekMontgomery
Bell S.P.
KingstonSprings
Adamsville
MaryvilleFriendsville
TellicoPlains
Spencer(Burritt College)
McNairy’sAttack
CollinwoodSelmer
(Mobile & Ohio RR)
Arlington(Davies Manor)
Covington
Henning
Tiptonville(Island No. 10)
Dyersburg(Courthouse)
Forts Randolphand Wright
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166
166
Battle ofCampbellsville
St. John’sChurch
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Maynardville(Multiple Sites)
Walker’sFord
6161
19Brownsville(Multiple Sites)
Alamo(Cageville)
Hendersonville(Multiple Sites)
Sevierville(Walters State
Community College)CumberlandMountainState Park
Port RoyalState Park
ForrestBoyhoodHome
50
Old JailMuseum
Meeman-ShelbyForest State Park
Rogersville(Multiple Sites)
ClarkHouse
Kimbrough’sCrossroads
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641
Parrottsville(Multiple Sites)
Blaine’sCrossroads
and GertrudeJaneway Cabin
RamseyHousePlantation
Farragut’sBirthplace
BethlehemMethodistChurch
Clay Co. Museum(Donaldson Cemetery)
Capt. EdwinAllen’s Co.
PikevilleCourthouse
Fall Creek FallsState Park
Cowan RailroadMuseum
Centerville(Hickman Co. Courthouse)
Parsons(Memorial Park)
Henderson(Multiple Sites)
ChickasawState Park
Farmington
C.S.Cemetery
Shelbyville(Bedford Co. Courthouse)
Lewisburg(Marshall Co.Courthouse)
Belle Meade Plantation
WhiteBluffs
Station
Fort Defiance
MontereyDepot
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RutherfordCountyCourthouse
OaklandsMansion
EvergreenCemetery
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Stones RiverNational Battlefield
and Cemetery
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Visitor Center/McPhail’s Office
Franklin Masonic Hall
St. Paul’sEpiscopal
Church
CarterHouse
CarterCotton Gin
Collins Farm
McGavock’sGrove
LotzHouse
Confederate CemeteryNational Landmark
Carnton Plantation
HarlinsdaleFarm
Ft. Granger
Eastern Flank Battle Park
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ToWinstead Hill
FRANKLIN
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Mississippi RiverMuseum at Mud Island
River Park
ElmwoodCemeteryFort Pickering Site
at ChickasawHeritage Park 61
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Hunt-PhelanHome
Memphis Park72
HealthSciences Park(Forrest Statue)
MEMPHIS
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CameronHill
Ross’sLanding
College HillHospital
To TennesseeValley Railroad
OrchardKnob
Headquarters Row
OccupiedChattanooga
ChattanoogaChoo Choo
Brown’s Ferry
Raiders
To Suck Creekand Red Bank
ToSherman’s
Crossing
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CrutchfieldHouse
ChattanoogaCreek
CHATTANOOGA
COLLEGE ST.
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COMMERCE ST.
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Clarksvillein the Civil War
Customs HouseMuseum
Surrender ofClarksville
Recapture ofClarksville
To Riggins Hilland Fort Defiance
Whitfield,Bradley & Co.
CLARKSVILLE MURFREESBORO
Civil War Trails Site
Other Civil War Site
Hood’s Campaign Driving Route
State or National Park
Information or Welcome Center
Mileage Scale
0 5 10 15 20
Gen. John Hunt Morgan and his wife, Mattie Ready Morgan
Courtesy Library of Congress
Scroll flask and .36 caliber Navy Colt bullet mold found at Camp Trousdale site in Sumner County.Courtesy Pat Meguiar
Union Lt. Charles R. Ellet approaches Memphis to demand surrender, Harper’s Weekly, June 28, 1862
Kurz and Allison, “Battle of Franklin”Courtesy Williamson County Historical Society
The Cannon Ball Housein Blountville still showsshell damage to the exterior clapboard inthe rear of the house.
Jar made by bridge-burner Christopher A. Haun
Courtesy Donahue Bible Collection, Mohawk, Tenn.
“Execution of Jacob Harmon and His Son Henry, Unionist bridge-burners,” from Parson Brownlow’s Book (1862)
Colt revolving rifle, used Nov. 3, 1863, by 2nd Iowa Cav. at Collierville, Shelby Co. Courtesy Norm Flayderman
Crew repairing railroad track near Murfreesboroafter Battle of StonesRiver, 1863 – Courtesy Library of Congress
“Drawing Artillery Across the Mountains,”Harper’s Weekly, Nov. 21, 1863
Steamboats tied up at Ross’s Landing in Chattanooga,with Cameron Hill looming in the background alongwith Lookout Mountain to the leftCourtesy Library of Congress
“Battle of Shiloh” – Courtesy Library of Congress
Tennessee Capitol, Nashville, 1864Courtesy Library of Congress
Gen. George H. ThomasCourtesy Library of Congress
Union and Confederate gunboat battle on the Mississippi River near Fort Wright,May 10, 1862 – Courtesy Library of Congress
Bleak House, Knoxville,circa 1874 – CourtesyKnoxville Chapter 89,United Daughters of theConfederacy
Museum of EastTennessee History
275
Mabry-HazenHouse
Fort Dickerson
KnoxvilleCourt House
Fort Higley
BleakHouse
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Fort Sanders
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To RamseyHouse
Plantation
ChilhoweePark
Old Gray Cemetery
KNOXVILLE
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Fighting on theTennessee River
(Birdsong Marina)
Camden
Johnsonville HSPNew Johnsonville
Nathan BedfordForrest SP
LaGrange
(Multiple Sites )
Collierville(Battle of Colliervilleand Chalmer’s Raid)
Battle of Moscow
Trenton(Multiple Sites)
Salem CemeteryBattlefield
Jackson
Denmark(Presbyterian
Church)
Casey JonesVillage
Parker’sCrossroads
(Multiple Sites)
Lexington
Waverly(Fort Hill)
Savannah(Cherry Mansion andTennessee River Museum)
FortDonelsonNMP
Johnston’sLast Bivouac
Bolivar
Fort Pillow
BrittonLane
Clarksburg
Paris
Clifton
WaynesboroArlington
Barretville
Grand JunctionDavis BridgeBattlefield
Shiloh NMPFallen Timbers
Selmer
Adamsville
Cedar GroveIron Furnance
Collinwood
Perry Co.Courthouse
Covington
Dyersburg(Courthouse)
ToUnion City
ToTiptonville
(Island No. 10)
McKenzie
Dover(MultipleSites)
Telegraph Rd.
Ridge Rd.
Jack HinsonHomeplace
Historic SP
Forts Randolphand Wright
Brownsville(Multiple Sites)
Henderson
Parsons
EDoe Creek
Scotts Hill
School
114
Huntington (Multiple Sites)
GermantownDepot
Meeman-ShelbyForestState Park
MEMPHIS ChickasawState Park
PickwickLanding SP
NatchezTrace SP
ParisLanding SP
Alamo(Cageville)
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31
31
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Columbia
Franklin(Multiple Sites)
NASHVILLE
Shy’s Hill
PeachOrchard Hill
TravellersRest
State Capitol
Fort Negley
Spring Hill
MountPleasant St. John’s
Church
WinsteadHill
RippavillaPlantation
AthenaeumRectoryArtillery Duel
Thompson’sStation
LairdlandFarm House
Summertown
Lawrenceburg
Sugar CreekEngagement
Pulaski
FivePoints
9898
Belle MeadePlantation
HollyTree Gap
HOOD’S CAMPAIGN
Union Gen. William T. Sherman and hisarmy occupied Atlanta, Georgia, on Sep-
tember 2, 1864, after defeating ConfederateGen. John Bell Hood and the Army of Ten-nessee. Sherman rested his army for severalweeks and planned his next moves. When Hoodbegan ranging northwest against Sherman’ssupply lines, Sherman dispatched troops toNashville under Gen. George H. Thomas. Thelines became less critical to Sherman onNovember 15, when he began the “March tothe Sea” to open more secure lines and destroyConfederate resources. Rather than pursueSherman, on November 22 Hood moved northfrom Alabama to Tennessee, hoping to drawFederal attention from the Deep South andperhaps to invade Kentucky. The two largestarmies in the region thus marched away fromeach other instead of fighting. In Ten-nessee, however, Thomas sent Union Gen.John M. Schofield’s division to delayHood’s advance at Columbia and SpringHill. Schofield then fell back to Franklin.The bloodbath there on November 30crippled Hood’s force, but the Confeder-ates followed Schofield to the outskirtsof Nashville and Thomas’s strongdefenses. Hood besieged the city for the
next two weeks. On December 15–16, the Fed-erals sallied forth from their defenses andcrushed Hood’s army, effectively ending hiscampaign as the remnants of the Army of Ten-nessee fled to Tupelo, Mississippi. Some of thearmy then joined Gen. Joseph E. Johnston inNorth Carolina.
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Greeneville(Multiple Sites)
Battles ofBlue Springs
PottertownBridge-Burners
Cleveland(Multiple Sites)
Charleston(Multiple Sites)
Big CreekGap
Crossville
PleasantHill
DandridgeKNOXVILLE
Lenoir City (Multiple Sites)
Morganton CrossingNiotaDepot
Sweetwater Depot
Madisonville
Great Craighead Cave
Blountville(Multiple Sites)
Kingsport
Landon
RoanMountain
State Park
CarterHaynes
JohnsonCity
Harrogate
Kimbrough’sCrossroadsJefferson City
Blant’s HillFarragut
National Campground
Loudon
Philadelphia
Sparta
&P
Battle ofHay’s Ferry
Russellville
Morristown
RaccoonMountainCaverns
Sherman’sCrossingSuck
Dunlap
Creek
RedBank
Bristol
Skirmish atJones Cave
PigeonForge
Battle ofBean Station
Coker CreekBenton
TellicoPlains
SpringCity
Spencer
FranceMontereyDepot
Wartburg
Frozen HeadState Park
Cemetery
PikevilleCourthouse
Farragut’s Birthplace
Blaine’sCrossroads
Capt. EdwinAllen’s Co.
ParrottsvilleRamsey HousePlantation
Maryville
SeviervilleKingston
Chickamauga Chattanooga NM
75
Maynardville
Walker’sFord
Indian MountainState Park
Big Ridge SP
CumberlandMt. SP
Fall CreekFalls SP
Huntsville
CHATTANOOGA
Hiwassee/Ocoee Scenic River SP
NorrisDam SP
WAR IN EAST TENNESSEE
LargelyUnionist East Tennesseewas strate-gically important forCumberlandGap (the
gateway toVirginia, Kentucky, andTennessee)and the rail lines that connectedBristol,Knoxville, Chattanooga, andAtlanta, aswell asMemphis andRichmond.PresidentAbrahamLincoln appointedAndrewJohnson, a nativeof the region, Tennessee’smilitary governor.Gen. SamuelP. Carter, aU.S.Naval Academygraduate, gained fame inEast Tennessee as acavalry raider. Ironically, theFederals heldmost of the secessionist areas,while theCon-federates dominated theUnionist parts.ManyUnionistswhoburned railroadbridges in 1861were quickly seized and executed.
UnionGen.AmbroseE.Burnside occu-piedKnoxville inSeptember 1863,whileCon-federateGen.BraxtonBragg occupiedChat-tanooga.UnionGen.WilliamS.RosecransforcedBragg out. After theBattle ofChicka-mauga,Georgia, theFederals occupiedChattanooga,whichBragg thenbesieged,dispatchingGen. JamesLongstreet to attackKnoxville. TheFederals brokeBragg’s siegeat theBattle ofMissionaryRidge, compellinghim to retreat, andLongstreet likewise suf-fereddefeat atKnoxville. By the endof theyear, East Tennesseewas firmly inUnionhands, and the rail line toGeorgiawas open.InMay 1864,Gen.WilliamT. ShermanusedChattanooga as the platform for hisAtlantacampaign.No other large-scale battlesoccurred in the region for the rest of thewar.Late in 1864, theFederals launched cavalryraids against the railroads fromEastTennessee intoVirginia andNorthCarolina.
1863 1 86518611862 1864
At the beginning of the war, thecavalry gathered intelligence,screened the army from theenemy’s cavalry, and served as
mounted pickets. In the East, Confederatecavalry commander J.E.B. Stuart raisedthe routine reconnaissance mission to thelevel of art when his command rode com-pletely around the Federal army in 1862.Legendary partisan cavalryman John S.Mosby (the Gray Ghost) later harried theUnion army to distraction in NorthernVirginia.
In the West, three cavalry command-ers, John Hunt Morgan, Nathan BedfordForrest, and Joseph Wheeler attained leg-endary status.Wheeler, aWest Point gradu-ate, had spentmost of his life in theNorth.Morgan had served briefly in the MexicanWar as a private. Forrest was self-taught.All of them, regardless of experience, werebold, imaginative, and determined menwho could usually out-think and out-fighttheir opponents.
John Hunt Morgan seemed a naturalcavalryman. Tall, dashing, impeccablydressed, and finely mounted, Morgan wasborn to a prominent Kentucky family. In aseries of raids in Tennessee and Kentucky,he appeared invincible regardless of theFederal forces arrayed against him. Hefollowed his July1862 Kentuckyraid with anotherin the winter inMiddle Tennessee,destroying tworailroad tunnelsto disrupt Unionsupply lines forseveral weeks.Morgan led hismost spectacularraid in July 1863,rampaging
March 4 –5 Battle of Thompson’s Station
June 25 –July 8 Tullahoma Campaign
July 4 Grant captures Vicksburg, Miss.
September 19 –20 Battle of Chickamauga, Ga.
November 24 Battle of Lookout Mountain
November 25 Battle of Missionary Ridge, Chattanooga
June 10 –July 14 Gettysburg Campaign, Va., Md., Pa.
July 1 –3 Battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
October 1 –9 Wheeler’s Sequatchie Valley Raid
TENNESSEE USCTs
November 4 Battle of Johnsonville
November 4 –December 14 Knoxville Campaign
November 15 –December 10 Sherman’s March to the Sea, Ga.
June 15 Siege of Petersburg begins, Va. April 2–3 Fall of Petersburg and Richmond, Va., Lee’s Retreat begins, Va.
April 9 Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House, Va.
April 14 John Wilkes Booth assassinates President Abraham Lincoln
April 26 Johnston surrenders Army of Tennessee near Durham, N.C.
May 9 Forrest’s Cavalry Corps surrenders
February 1 –April 26 Sherman’s Carolinas Campaign, S.C. and N.C.
January 19 Battle of Mill Springs
February 25 Federal occupation of Nashville
February 16 Grant captures Fort Donelson
February 6 Grant captures Fort Henry
March 3 Lincoln appoints Andrew Johnson as Tenn. military governor
April 6–7 Battle of Shiloh
April 8 Battle of Island No. 10
June 6 Battle and Federal occupation of Memphis
August 28 –30 Second Battle of Manassas, Va.
July Forrest’s First Tennessee Raid
November 13 Grant begins first Vicksburg Campaign from Tennessee
October 17–November 1 Morgan’s Second Kentucky Raid
April 12 Shots fired at Fort Sumter, Charleston, S.C.
April 15 Lincoln calls for volunteers to suppress “insurrection”
June 8 Tennessee secedes
September 29 Affair at Travisville, first military action in Tennessee
July 21 First Battle of Manassas, Va.
December–January 1863 Carter’s East Tennessee Raid
December 11 –January 3, 1863 Forrest’s West Tennessee Raid
December 31 Battle of Parker’s Crossroads
December 31–January 2, 1863 Battle of Stones River
August–October Bragg’s Kentucky invasion
Lebanon, courtesy Wilson County CVB
May 4 –June 20 Overland Campaign, Va.
November 22–December 25 Hood’s Campaign
November 30 Battle of Franklin
December 15 –16 Battle of Nashville
September 2 Sherman captures Atlanta
WASHINGTON,D.C.
BALTIMORE,MD
RICHMOND, VA
RALEIGH, NCNASHVILLE, TN
CHARLESTON, WV
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© 2016Virginia Civil War Trails, Inc.
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Follow this sign to discovermore than 1,500 Civil Warsites along ten breathtakingtrails. Hundreds of sites are accessible to the publicfor the first time.
THE CIVIL WAR REVISITED� � � � � � � �
Much of the fighting in Middle and West Tennessee was focused not only on the rail-
roads but also on the Mississippi, Tennessee, andCumberland Rivers. They were watery avenuesof invasion for Federal forces, the keys to split-ting the Confederacy.
The first significant Union victories in WestTennessee occurred on the Tennessee and Cum-berland Rivers in February 1862, when a Federalarmy-navy expedition under Gen. Ulysses S.Grant captured Forts Henry and Donelson.Henry, on the Tennessee, was the first to fall onFebruary 6. Donelson, on the Cumberland, sur-rendered on February 16. Several Confederateunits escaped, including Col. Nathan BedfordForrest and his cavalry.
The first large-scale battle in West Ten-nessee occurred near Pittsburg Landing on theTennessee River. Better known as the Battle ofShiloh, the two-day fight on April 6–7, 1862, wasalmost a Confederate victory on the first day.Gen.AlbertSidneyJohnstonmarchednorth fromCorinth, Mississippi, and struck Grant’s army,overrunning the camp and pushing the Federalsalmost into the river. Johnston, wounded whileencouraging his troops, bled to death from a sev-eredartery. Thenext day,Grant counterattacked,forcing the Confederates back to Corinth.
Federal forces captured New Orleans at theend of April 1862 and occupied Memphis in June,securing the lower and upper reaches of the Mis-sissippi River. In October, Grant began an over-land campaign to capture Vicksburg, Mississippi.He marched from La Grange in West Tennessee,down the Mississippi Central Railroad towardVicksburg with trainloads of supplies following.
Tennessee Office of Tourist Development615-741-2159www.tnvacation.comTennessee Wars Commissionwww.tn.gov/environment/article/thc-tennessee-wars-commissionTennessee Historical Commissionwww.tn.gov/environment/section/thc-tennessee-historical-commissionTennessee State Parks888-TN-PARKSwww.tnstateparks.comCivil War Trustwww.civilwar.org
WESTBenton Co./Camden C. of C.877-584-8395www.bentoncountycamden.comBolivar/Hardeman Co. C. of C.731-658-6554www.hardemancountytn.comBrownsville/Haywood Co. C. of C.731-779-9000www.westtnheritage.comCarroll Co. C. of C.731-986-4664www.carrollcounty-tn-chamber.comCity of Parsons731-847-6358www.cityofparsons.comCollierville Parks, Recreation and Cultural Arts Department901-457-2777www.collierville.comFayette Co. C. of C.901-465-8690www.fayettecountychamber.comGreater Gibson Co. Area C. of C.731-855-0973www.gibsoncountytn.comHardin Co. CVB800-552-3866www.tourhardincounty.orgHenderson-Chester Co. C. of C.731-989-5222www.chestercountychamber.com
Giles Co. Tourism Foundation931-363-3789www.gilescountychamber.comGoodlettsville Area C. of C.615-859-7979www.goodlettsvillechamber.comHartsville-Trousdale C. of C.615-374-9243www.hartsvilletrousdale.comHickman Co. C. of C.931-729-5300www.hickmancountychamber.orgHohenwald-Lewis Co. C. of C.931-796-4084www.hohenwaldlewischamber.comHumphreys Co. C. of C.931-296-4865www.humphreyscountychamberofcommerce.comLawrence Co. Tourism931-762-6282www.seelawco.comLivingston/Overton Co. C. of C.800-876-7393www.overtonco.comMacon Co. C.of C.800-914-7072www.maconcountychamber.orgMarshall Co. C. of C.931-359-3863www.marshallchamber.orgMaury Co. CVB888-852-1860www.antebellum.comMcMinnville-Warren Co. C. of C.931-473-6611www.warrentn.comMiddle TN Tourism Council615-862-8828www.middletennesseetourism.comNashville CVB800-657-6910www.visitmusiccity.comPerry Co. C. of C.931-589-2453www.perrycountytennessee.comRobertson Co. C. of C.615-384-3800www.robertsonchamber.orgRutherford Co. C. of C.800-716-7560www.readysetrutherford.com
The Emancipation Proclamationissued onJanuary 1, 1863, author-ized the enlistment of AfricanAmerican soldiers. By June, in
Tennessee, Gen. Lorenzo Thomas hadrecruited 3,000 men. By the end of thewar, he had enlisted 24,000 soldiers for 22infantry regiments and 8 artillery units.Nationwide, 200,000 men served in blackunits known as U.S. Colored Troops(USCTs) and in the Navy.
White officers at first restrictedUSCTs to support functions such asguarding wagon trains, supply depots,and prisoners. They also constructedforts and railroads, then were posted asguards. Eager to prove their worth incombat, theUSCTs soon had their chance.In December 1863, at Moscow, the 61stUSCT repulsed Confederate Gen.Stephen D. Lee’s cavalry as it tore up rail-road track. At Fort Pillow, on the Missis-sippi River, USCTs fought Gen. NathanBedford Forrest’s command on April 12,1864, then were overrun and killed aftersurrendering. For the remainder of theyear, USCTs engaged Forrest at Brice’sCrossroads and Tupelo, Mississippi, atAthens, Alabama, and at Pulaski, Ten-nessee. They also fought with distinctionin the Battle of Nashville in December.The Tennessee USCTs mustered out ofservice betweenApril 1865 andApril 1866,having suffered about 4,500 casualties.
Sequatchie Co. C. of C.423-949-7608www.sequatchie.comShelbyville – Bedford Co. C. of C.931-684-3482 www.shelbyvilletn.comSmith Co. C. of C.615-735-2093www.smithcountychamber.orgSmithville-Dekalb Co. C. of C.615-597-4163www.dekalbtn.orgSparta/White Co. C. of C.931-836-3552www.spartatnchamber.comStewart Co. C. of C.931-232-8290www.stewartcountychamber.comSumner Co. CVB888-301-7886www.VisitSumnerTN.comVan Buren Co. C. of C.931-946-7033www.vanburen-spencerchamber.comWayne Co. C .of C.931-722-3575www.waynecountychamber.orgWilson Co. CVB615-453-9655www.visitwilsoncounty.comWilliamson Co. CVB615-591-8514www.visitfranklin.com
EASTCampbell Co. C. of C.423-566-0329www.campbellcountychamber.comChattanooga Area CVB800-322-3344www.chattanoogafun.comCleveland/Bradley Co. CVB423-472-6587www.visitclevelandtn.comFarragut West Knox C. of C.865-675-7057www.farragutchamber.comGrainger Co. C. of C.865-828-4222www.graingerchamber.com
April 12 Forrest captures Fort Pillow
Greene Co. Partnership Tourism Dept.423-638-4111www.visitgreenevilletn.comJefferson Co. Chamber877-237-3847www.jeffersoncountyvacation.comJohnson City CVB800-852-3392www.visitjohnsoncitytn.comKingsport CVB423-392-8820www.visitkingsport.comVisit Knoxville800-727-8045www.visitknoxville.comLoudon Co. Visitors Bureau865-986-6822www.visitloudoncounty.comMiddle East TN Tourism Council865-457-4547www.easttnvacations.comMonroe Co. Dept. of Tourism800-245-5428www.monroecountytourism.comMorristown Area C. of C.877-586-6382www.visitmorristowntn.comNewport/Cocke Co. Tourism Council423-625-9675www.yallvisitthesmokies.comNortheast TN Tourism Assoc.423-262-0238www.netta.comPigeon Forge Dept. of Tourism800-251-9100www.mypigeonforge.comPikeville/Bledsoe C. of C.423-447-2791www.pikeville-bledsoe.comSmoky Mountains TDA865-983-2241www.blountpartnership.comSoutheast TN Tourism Assoc.423-266-5781www.southeasttennessee.comSpring City C. of C.423-365-5210www.springcitychamberofcommerce.comSullivan Co. Dept of Archives & Tourism423-323-4660www.historicsullivan.com
T E N N E S S E E
Follow these signs to more than 1,500 Civil War sites.
How to Use this Map-Guide
This map-guide identifies more than 350 Civil War sites throughout Tennessee.Each site is interpreted and accessibleand encourages you to explore diversesettings where America’s destiny wasforged. Tennessee Civil War Trails sitescan be explored at your own pace, andmany offer other historical and recre-ational opportunities. Enjoy one of thenumerous walking tours available inmany communities. Shop at one of hun-dreds of antique and specialty shops,dine at a historically-themed tavern, orsimply walk amid the serenity of a preserved battlefield. Let thestories you’ve discovered ignite your imagination as you envi-sion how now-peaceful landscapes were once the scenes of thedeadliest battles known to man.
The Tennessee Civil War Trails program is part of a five-statetrails system that invites you to explore both well-known andless-familiar sites associated with America’s greatest drama.
Together, more than1,500 places tell the epicand heartfelt stories ofcivilians and soldierswho experienced tri-umph and tragedyduring the war.
For more detailedtravel information, con-tact any of the organiza-tions listed in this guideor visit any TennesseeWelcome Center or localVisitor Center. For addi-tional Civil War Trailsinformation, visitwww.civilwartrails.org.
Granville Courtesy Peggy Clemons
In December, however, Forrest launched a raidinto West Tennessee, destroying railroads andsevering Grant’s supply line. Forrest fought vic-toriously at Lexington, captured Trenton andUnion City, and ranged into Kentucky. He raidedback through Tennessee, then evaded defeat atParker’s Crossroads. Grant changed his supplybase to Memphis; he finally captured Vicksburgon July 4, 1863.
An especially bloody battle occurred inMiddle Tennessee at Murfreesboro, December31, 1862–January 2, 1863. Confederate Gen. Brax-ton Bragg’s Army of Tennessee occupied thecountry around Murfreesboro after his invasionof Kentucky and the Battle of Perryville. UnionGen. William S. Rosecrans’s Army of the Cumber-land advanced from Nashville. During the firstday’s fighting, a surprise Confederate flankattack nearly swept the Federals from the field.
WAR IN MIDDLE AND WEST TENNESSEE
Rosecrans held on and over the next two daysseriously bloodied Bragg’s army. Federalcannon fire decimated the final Confederateattack on the afternoon of January 2. TheBattle of Stones River resulted in more than23,000 casualties out of about 81,000 soldiersengaged. A few days later Bragg retreatedsouth to Tullahoma, and Rosecrans occupiedMurfreesboro. U.S. forces built the massiveFortress Rosecrans to guard the railroad andto serve as a supply station.
Middle and West Tennessee experiencedU.S. military occupation, foraging expeditionsby both sides, and Confederate cavalry raidson railroads and Union garrisons. Forrest andJohn Hunt Morgan, usually serving with theArmy of Tennessee, attacked Federal supplylines and intimidated Tennessee Unionists.Forrest guarded the Confederate left flankearly in 1863 while Morgan covered the rightflank. Forrest fought in Mississippi and WestTennessee after a disagreement with Braggduring the Chickamauga Campaign.
Because of the frequent and successfulConfederate raids, the Federals correctly sus-pected collusion with the local population.Civilian spies and Confederate scouts—suchas Confederate Sam Davis, who was capturedand executed—provided valuable informa-tion. In addition, bushwhackers and guerrillaunits on each side attacked military units andcivilians, sometimes as a military tactic andsometimes to settle personal scores. Confed-erate Champ Ferguson was the most notorious of these raiders. The resulting resentmentslingered for generations.
September 4 –19 Antietam Campaign, Va., Md.
Middle and West Tennessee. He also fought hisway out of a Federal envelopment at Parker’sCrossroads, adding to his legend. The appar-ent massacre of black Federal troops at FortPillow, Tennessee, on April 12, 1864, however,tarnished Forrest’s legacy. After the war, Forrest returned to farming and pursuedbusiness interests. He died in Memphis onOctober 29, 1877. William T. Sherman, assess-ing Forrest’s military career, pronounced him“the most remarkable man our Civil War produced on either side.”
Joseph Wheeler began the war as a lieu-tenant but became commander of the Army of Tennessee’s cavalry by the fall of 1862. His successful raid behind Union lines beforethe Battle of Stones River made his reputa-tion. In February 1863, he unsuccessfullyattacked Dover to block Cumberland Rivershipping to Federals in Nashville. After theBattle of Chickamauga in the fall of 1863,Wheeler launched another spectacular raidagainst Union supply lines, riding up theSequatchie Valley and then into occupiedMiddle Tennessee before returning to Ala-bama. After the war, Wheeler served in Con-gress and returned to U.S. Army service as amajor general during the Spanish-AmericanWar and in the Philippines.
Johnsonville, Tennessee, Colored Battery camp, 1864Courtesy Library of Congress
Gen. John Bell Hood
Courtesy Libraryof Congress
Battle of Stones River – Courtesy Library of Congress
Gen. Ambrose E. BurnsideCourtesy Library of Congress
Gen. James LongstreetCourtesy Library of Congress
Gen. Nathan Bedford ForrestCourtesy Library of Congress
Gen. Joseph WheelerCourtesy Library of Congress
Newspaper illustration, “General Forrest Driving theFederals out of Trenton, Tenn. General Forrest in theForeground Giving Orders.” – Courtesy Tennessee StateLibrary and Archives
Gen. John Hunt MorganCourtesy Library of Congress
through Indiana and Ohio, was captured andconfined in the Ohio State Penitentiary, andthen escaped. A Federal cavalryman killed himin Greeneville, Tennessee, on September 4, 1864,when he tried to escape after being surrounded.
Nathan Bedford Forrest was the antithesisof the gentlemanly Morgan. A self-made man,Forrest was a successful planter and slave traderbefore the war. Whereas Morgan was an officerfrom the start, Forrest enlisted as a private andthen rose to the rank of brigadier general inlittle more than a year. Forrest’s personality,like that of Mosby, had a ruthless edge—unlikethe charm and gaiety that Morgan and Stuartexhibited. Forrest’s intuitive grasp of cavalrytactics and his ferocious fighting ability madehim the most feared of Confederate cavalrycommanders. He built his reputation on a seriesof stunning raids against Union supply lines in
Henderson Co. C. of C.731-968-2126www.hctn.orgJackson/Madison Co. CVB731-425-8333www.jacksontn.com/tourismMcNairy Co. C. of C.731-645-6360www.mcnairy.comMemphis CVB800-8-MEMPHISwww.memphistravel.comMississippi River Corridor – TN901-278-8459www.msrivertn.orgParker’s Crossroads Battlefield Association731-968-1191www.parkerscrossroads.org
MIDDLEByrdstown/Pickett Co. C. of C.888-406-4704www.dalehollow.comCheatham Co. C. of C.615-792-6722www.cheathamchamber.orgClay Co. C. of C.931-243-3338www.dalehollowlake.orgClarksville CVB800-530-2487 ext. 577www.visitclarksvilletn.comCoffee Co. 931-723-5100www.coffeecountytn.orgCookeville-Putnam Co. C. of C.800-264-5541www.mustseecookeville.comCrossville-Cumberland Co. C. of C.877-465-3861www.crossville-chamber.comDickson Co. C. of C.877-718-4967www.dicksoncountychamber.comFranklin Co. C. of C.931-967-6788www.franklincountychamber.comGainesboro/Jackson Co. C. of C.931-268-0971www.gainesboro-jcchamber.com
Gen. John M. SchofieldCourtesy Library of Congress
Confederate infantry and artillery firing on Union gunboatsCourtesy U.S. Naval Historical Center
Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston,killed at Battle of Shiloh,
April 6, 1862Courtesy Library of Congress
Tennessee Civil War App
www.tncivilwar.org
THE GREAT RAIDERS� � � � � � � � � �
Printing Authorization No. 326214Tennessee Civil War Trails MapguideIssued August 2016