KNR 270: General Concepts

Recreation / Leisure Review

What is recreation? What is free time? What is leisure?

Time Activity Experience Perceived freedom Intrinsic motivation Enjoyment

Definitions

Disability Therapeutic recreation Special recreation Inclusive recreation

Reverse inclusion Parallel competition

People with Disabilities

When you think about disabilities… What do you see? What disability do you think about?

There are a variety of definitions for disability Social Security deals with ability to

work

Definition of Disability (ADA)

Physical or mental impairment That significantly limits One or more major life activities

Seeing, hearing, speaking, walking, dressing, feeding, working, learning, recreating, etc.

Definition

2002 Supreme Court Case Diabetes Courts were narrowing who was

covered Americans with Disabilities

Amendment Act of 2008 (ADAAA) Congress fixed back to original intent Effective 1/1/2009 Title 1 Effective 5/24/2011

Major Life ActivitiesInclude but not limited to:

Caring for oneself, performing manual tasks, seeing, hearing, eating, sleeping, walking, standing, sitting, reaching, lifting, bending, speaking, breathing, learning, reading, concentrating, thinking, communicating, interacting with others, and working

Major Life ActivitiesAND

The operation of a major bodily function, including functions of the immune system, special sense organs and skin; normal cell growth; and digestive, genitourinary, bowel, bladder, neurological, brain, respiratory, circulatory, cardiovascular, endocrine, hemic, lymphatic, musculoskeletal, and reproductive functions. The operation of a major bodily function includes the operation of an individual organ within a body system.

Substantially Limits

Mitigating Measures Will Not Be Considered

Medication, medical supplies, equipment, or appliances, low-vision devices (defined as devices that magnify, enhance, or otherwise augment a visual image, but not including ordinary eyeglasses or contact lenses), prosthetics including limbs and devices, hearing aid(s) and cochlear implant(s) or other implantable hearing devices, mobility devices, and oxygen therapy equipment and supplies

Use of assistive technology Reasonable accommodations or "auxiliary aids or services," Learned behavioral or adaptive neurological modifications Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, or physical therapy.

Substantially Limits

Episodic or in Remission, Limitations Will Be Considered As if Active

Only One Major Life Activity Needs to be Substantially Limited

Includes

Sensory (visual and hearing impairments) Communication (speech impairments) Cognitive (intellectual disability, brain injury) Physical (cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis) Chronic (cardiac and pulmonary disease) Mental health (depression, schizophrenia) Chemical dependence (not drug abuse) HIV infection

See Dattilo, 2012

Disability (ADA – 3 prong)

1. Physical or mental impairment

2. Record of disability

3. Regarded as having a disability

Types of Disabilities in US

Physical disability58%

Sensory disability 9%

Mental illness 5% Metal retardation or cognitive disability 4% Health problems

24% More than 1 condition

40% National Catholic Partnership on Disability,

2003

Number of People with Disabilities in US

When ADA passed in 1990, 43 million Americans

1997, Census Bureau, 53 million Americans

2012, Dattilo, 2012, 54 million Americans

2000, Harris Survey, 58 million Americans 20% of population has 1 or more disabilities 10% of that number has severe disabilities

Increasing numbers of people with disabilities

United Nations

More than 500 million people in the world are disabled from mental, physical or sensory impairments In most countries, at least 1/10 have

disabilities 25% of any population is affected by

the presence of disability World Programme of Action Concerning

Disabled Persons

In 2013, more than 1 billion

Therapeutic Recreation, Special Recreation, Inclusive Recreation

Therapeutic Recreation

Uses treatment (functional intervention), education, and recreation services

To help people with illnesses, disabilities, and other conditions

To develop and use their leisure In ways that enhance their health,

functional abilities, independence, and quality of life NTRS (2000)

Therapeutic Recreation (Cont.)

Therapeutic recreation programs are staffed by CTRSs Certified Therapeutic Recreation

Specialist Graduated from accredited program in TR Specific courses Internship under supervision of CTRS Passed an examination (NCTRC) Continuing education

TR is not the focus of KNR 270

Special Recreation

Provision of recreation programs and services

That are provided for people who require special accommodations

Because of unique needs they have owning to some physical, cognitive, or psychological disability Kennedy, Smith, & Austin (1991)

Special Recreation (Cont.)

Programs are usually provided in segregated or specialized settings

Often exclusively for people with disabilities

Are often staffed by CTRSs Not the primary focus of KNR 270 Will see examples in class

Inclusive Recreation

Provision of recreation programs and services for all people

No one is excluded Accommodations are made to

facilitate and support participation Are staffed by general recreation

professionals May be supported by CTRS Will be the focus of KNR 270

Reverse Inclusion

Programs are designed for PWD People who do not have disabilities

are allowed to participate Encourages interaction

Parallel Competition

Competing in different events that are held at the same time Walk for the Cure

Ambulatory Wheelchair