Ko-so-a

ko-so-a

ko- a- So-

so- ko- a-

deixis anaphora demonstrative

ko-so-a

deixis anaphora

demonstrative Deixis exophora

deictic center

Anaphora endophora

antecedent anaphor antecedent

anaphor

Near her, Joan found

a snake cataphora

Demonstratives

pronominal I

bought this adnominal I bought this laptop

ko- so- a-

ko- kore kono

so- sore

, sono

a- are , ano

ko so a

Distance Model

Kono kado o magatte kudasai.

Sono kado o magatte kudasai.

Ano kado o magatte kudasai.

ko- so-

a-

Territory Model territory

Okaasan, itai yo.

Doko ga?

*Koko/Soko/*Asoko da yo.

so-

ko-so-a triplet double binary ko- so-

ko- so- a-

ko- so-

a-

ko- a-

ko- so- ko- a-

so- a- ko-

so- ko- a-

a- ko- so-

ko- so- a-

Kinoo Yamada-san ni aimashita. Ano (#Sono) hito itsumo

genki desu ne.

a- + ko-

so- + ko-

a re-kore areka-koreka achira-kochira

atchi-kotchi

s oko-koko sonna-konna de

sore to kore to wa hanashi ga chigau

soo-koo suru uchi ni

to iu hito

sono

ano to iu

a- + so-

a- so-

a- so-

Soko desu ka, asoko desu ka

so- a-

ko-

so- a-

ko-

so- a-

so-

indirect

direct

a-

Kinoo Yamada to iu hito ni aimashita.

Sono (#Ano) hito, michi ni mayotte

komatte ita node, tasukete agemashita.

to iu hito

ano

sono

omae

Omae wa nanto bakana koto o shitan da.

Jibun wa hatashite sonzai shite iru no daroo ka.

a-

so-

Kyoo Yamada-san ni atta kedo, ano hito

to atta no wa ittai nannen-buri

no koto daroo.

Yamada-san wa Tanaka-sensei toka iu hito no

koto bakari hanashite ita keredo, sono hito wa

sonnani erai hito nano daroo ka.

ko-

a- so-

so-

Sore wa donna iro o shite iru no daroo ka.

Ittai kore wa itsu made tsuzuku no daroo.

so- a-

experiential knowledge

conceptual knowledge

a-

so-

X no koto da kara

a-

so-

Yamada-san o matte iru no desu. Ano/Sono hito

wa kitto okurete kuru deshoo.

Yamada-san o matte iru no desu. Ano/#Sono hito

no koto da kara, kitto okurete kuru deshoo.

Boku wa oosaka de Yamada Taroo to iu sensei ni

osowattan da kedo, kimi mo ano sensei ni

tsuku to ii yo.

to iu sensei

sono ano

Ko-so-a

ko-so-a

ko-

so- a- ko-

so-a

ko-so-a-

Sono uchi hagaki ka nan ka kakoo kana.

Ma, mainichi mizu kaeta kara nee. Sore de,

ma, san-shuukan gurai motta kanaa.

A, soo da. Kishi-san ni mo, Kishi-san ni mo

nanika kakoo kanaa.

Maa, konpyuutaa wakaran de, are ya kedo.

Demo kore, tatemono no naka ni hairu to,

kaze ga nai kara, nanka sugu atsuku

kanjiru na, kore.

sono uchi

kono uchi ano uchi Sore de

soo da a, soo da

Are

are

kore kore

ko-

so- a-

Ko

ko-

ko

A, kono isu choo-raku soo.

A, konna no mo arun da.

Anmari koko ni kite sabishii-tte omotta

so-

so-

koto nai

kedo, koo yatte heya

ni hitori de

hitorigoto wa ya da naa.

ko-

ko

Maa, aarudeko no ii no ga attara, hoshii

kedo, maa, kore wa kinagani yaroo.

Getsuyoobi madeni shinakucha ikenai no ga,

eeto, a, soo da. E o kaite morau koto

to, ato wa nanka atta kana. Aa, soo soo

soo, kondo no kuizu no mondai o tsukuru

koto. Kore o yattokanakya ikenai kana.

ko-

ko-so-a

this emotional

deixis

this that

kore y

ko- sore

sore

are

a-

kore

sore

kore

sore

Are

ko- I think you’ll be interested in

this. Yesterday, our supervisor was seen …

ko-

ko-

So

so-

so-

so- ko

so a-

a-

a

Ano kakejiku wa dare ga kaita no kanaa.

Asuko ni Momo-chan to Akane.

Momo-chan and Akane

ko-

a- so-

so-

ko-so-a

ko- a-

so-

so-

a-

so-

a-

so-

so

Sankanbi ja nakute, bunkasai ja nakute, aa,

namae wasureta. Eeto, oyako, oyako nantoka.

Ee, nande sonna kotoba wasurerun yaro.

6-nenkan mainen atta noni.

Restoran toka ieba, itsuka itta

ano resutoran, nandak-ke kana. Deteru kanaa.

Are wa, a, jekku janai, jakku janai. Sonna

namae datta yoona ki ga suru kedo.

Aa, hoka no hito ni kurabetara, sugoi

yoochi na hitorigoto nanyaro na, kore. nanka

hazukasii na. … Konnan de iin kana. Demo

kansaiben ya kara, kakidashi nikui yaro

na. … Teepu kiite zenbu kakidasu nante mendokusai

na. Soo iu kikai mada nain kana.

Kore wa? Kore wa kirei kamo shirenai. Ee, 1,287

doru? Sore wa chotto.

so

Soo da, pasokon ga kowarechatta

kara, sono shuuri mo, moshi dekitara, shitai shi.

Nihon dato semai shi naa. Kichi-kichi shiteru shi.

Minna yakeni oshare dakara na, hen ni,

muda ni. Un, demo, sore ga ii koto kana.

Kinoo no ima goro nani yattottaro, 1-ji

ttettara. A, so da, omoshirokunai sono risaachi

peepaa kaku kurasu yattetan ka.

… ippai e o kaita kara, ano e

o doo shiyoo kanaa. … Natsuyasumi ni chotto e

no seiri o shita hoo ga ii

kamo shirenai. … demo tsukaenai e wa doo shitara

ii no kanaa. Demo suteru no wa mottainai

kara, un, sore wa dokka ni sutoa suru ka.

so- sono

sore

sono

sore

so-

A

a- so-

ko a-

a

Okaasan rekusasu ki ni itteru yoo datta kedo, demo

are wa okkii kuruma da shi nee.

Aa, demo ippai e o kaita kara, ano

e o doo shiyoo kana.

Nee, ima wa Reeku Taho de nani shiten daro.

Tenki ii to ii ne, atchi.

a-

a

Aa, onaka suitaa. … Onaka ga guu-tto natta.

Aaa, kyoo mo hare. ashita mo hare, ashita

mo hare hen kana. Ashita haretara, ano sandaru hako.

Itsu datta kana, saigo ni sazae tabeta

no wa. Moo sootoo mukashi no hanashi

da ne. Ne, Aoshima no umi ni itte,

uchi no okaasan to otooto to sazae tabete,

suika-wari shite. Are, nantetta kana, are.

Are, nooryoo basu da, nooryoo basu.

Kore, are da. Zenmai da.

a-

a-

kore are

zenmai

kore are

kore are Are, kore

da Are kore

a-

ko-

ko-

ko- a-

ko- a-

ko- a-

active semiactive inactive

place

in

from

t1 t2 t2

t1 given

t2 t1 accessible

t1 new t2

t2

Jennifer

your back

the kid

a-

so-

Ano/#Kono hito dare nan daroo, kinoo

Okada-san ga hanashiteta hito.

a-

a-

a-

ano

ano

ko

ko

kore are

kore

are

Ashita nani shinakucha ikenain dakke. A, soo da,

gijiroku da. Kore/Are mo jikan kakaru naa.

kore

are

zenmai

kore

are

ko

Are, kore da

kore are

a

a a

a

ko

a

a

a

a-

a-

a-

a-

Kinoo Yamada to iu hito ni aimashita.

Sono (#Ano) hito, michi ni mayotte komatte-ita

node, tasukete agemashita.

Kinoo Yamada-san ni aimashita. Ano (#Sono) hito itsumo

itsumo genki desu ne.

ano toshi no, we cannot

a- so-

ano

asocial ano

a-

a- deictically

a-

ko-so-a

her it

it

Le ministre de l’Education Nationale est en vacances. Elle sejournera deux

semaines au bord de la mer.

Le ministre de l’Education Nationale

deixis anaphora

Okaasan rekusasu ki ni itteru yoo datta kedo, demo

are wa okkii kuruma da shi nee.

Aa, demo ippai e o kaita kara, ano

e o doo shiyoo kana.

Nee, ima wa Reeku Taho de nani shiten daro.

Tenki ii to ii ne, atchi.

Aa, onaka suitaa. … Onaka ga guu-tto natta.

Aaa, kyoo mo hare. ashita mo hare, ashita

mo hare hen kana. Ashita haretara, ano sandaru hako.

Itsu datta kana, saigo ni sazae tabeta

no wa. Moo sootoo mukashi no hanashi

da ne. Ne, Aoshima no umi ni itte,

uchi no okaasan to otooto to sazae tabete,

suika-wari shite. Are, nantetta kana, are.

Are, nooryoo basu da, nooryoo basu.

Kore, are da. Zenmai da.

The sandals

a-

a-

Watashi ga umareta machi de wa, dono kooen ni

mo sakura no ki ga ari, *kono/sono/*ano

iriguchi wa, torii no katachi o shiteita.

so-

ko- a-

a- ko-

so- ko- a- so-

do- so-

do- + so- dare-sore doko-soko

do- ko-

do- a-

so-

do- ko- doitsu mo koitsu mo doo-

koo iu tsumori wa arimasen doonika-koonika

I am traditionally allowed to order whatever I like for my last

meal I The Founders invested me with sole

responsibility for appointing Supreme Court justices me

Every wom-

ani Ij date wants usi,j to get married

kare

kanojo karera

kanojora

Haruma wage

kare

kare

kano onna

kanojo

kare

The New York Times

Baraku Fusein Obama-shi wa 2009-nen 1-gatsu

hatsuka ni okonawareta shuuninshiki de sensei shi

dai-44-dai beikoku daitooryoo ni seishikini

shuuninshita. Kare wa beikoku-shijoo hatsu no

afurika-kei amerika-jin daitooryoo to naru.

Yamada Taroo ni atta.

Yamada Taroo- tte dare?

Yamada Taroo wa dare?

Kare wa dare?

ano hito

Wo zuotian pengdao le Li Ming

Yamada Toroo ni atta.

Yamada Toroo to iu hito ni atta.

Li Ming shi shei?

#Ta shi shei?

sore, dare?

Uun yappari anime-tte ninki ga aru no

kanaa. Demo doragon booru-tte shiranai kara naa

Hee sheranebada-tte no wa chika nanda.

-tte anime

wa

-tte tte wa

L.L. Biin -tte kagu mo utterun da.

kare kanojo karera

kanojora kare

kanojo

kanojo

kanojo

she

Saikin kanojo tomo iken ga awanai shi, muzukashii yona.

kare

Konna hon toka detenno ka. … A,

yappa, yudayajin ooi, kanari. Soshuuru datte

Saussure

yudayajin no hazu dashi. Kare mo yudayajin da.

kare yappari

Who’s Who in Linguistics

Kare

Murakami Haruki wa toransureetaa futari mottenda.

Sugoi ne. Kare wa nooberushoo torenno

kana. ... Ima yonderu Nejimaki Kuronikuru yonderu

kedo, uun, omoshiroi ne. Kare wa ima yonderu

kagiri ja, yappari, chotto, sayokuteki nano kana.

Uun, yappa, uyoku dewa nai yone, kare no

kangaekata wa.

The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle

-tte

ko-so-a

So-

a- ko-

so-

a-

and

so-

a-

ko-so-a

ko-so-a so-

so-

ko so a

Ko- a-

deictically

ko- a-

a-

ko

a-

a-