kobe, japan surging towards disaster resilience after the jan. 17, 1995 earthquake

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KOBE, JAPAN SURGING TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE Dr. Walter Hays Global Alliance For Disaster Reduction

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KOBE, JAPAN SURGING TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE. Dr. Walter Hays Global Alliance For Disaster Reduction. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE

KOBE, JAPAN

SURGING TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE

JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE

Dr. Walter Hays Global Alliance For Disaster Reduction

Page 2: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE

BASED ON REPORTS PREPARED INDIVIDUALLY AND JOINTLY BY USA AND JAPANESE AGENCIES,

EERI, MANY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, AND PARTICIPATION

IN THE US-JAPAN HIGH-LEVEL COMMITTEE ON POLICY CREATED

BY THE PRIME MINISTER OF JAPAN AND PRESIDENT CINTON

Page 3: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE
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THE KOBE, JAPAN EARTHQUAKE WAS ONE OF

THE WORLD’S NOTABLE DISASTERS

CONSEQUENCES: DEATHS, INJURIES, LOSS OF HABITAT, LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD, LOSS OF INFRA-STRUCTURE, LOSS OF POSITION, AND CATASTROPHIC ECONOMIC LOSSES

Page 5: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE

KOBE--ONE OF MANY PAST NOTABLE QUAKES ALONG THE PACIFIC RIM

Page 6: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE

Mw 6.9

Depth: 24 km (15 miles)

5:46 am

JANUARY 17, 1995

Page 7: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE

LIKE OTHER NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES, “KOBE” ADDED UNIQUE KNOWLEDGE ON

“THE OCCURRENCES AND CONSEQUENCES OF DISASTERS”

TO THE GLOBAL BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE

Page 8: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE

BOOK OF

BOOK OF

KNOWLEDGE

KNOWLEDGE

- Perspectives

- Perspectives

On Science, Policy,

On Science, Policy,

And Change

And Change

Page 9: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE

THE EXPERIENCES FROM THE KOBE EARTHQUAKE WERE ESPECIALLY

VALUABLE BECAUSE THEY WERE A CATALYST

FOR KOBE TO MOVE TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER

RESILIENCE (And Kobe did!!)

Page 10: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE

SUMMARY OF KOBE’S EXPERIENCES

• Ground shaking and fires together destroyed over 150,000 buildings and left about 300,000 people homeless.

• The economic loss as a result of this earthquake is estimated to have reached $200 billion.

Page 11: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE

SUMMARY OF KOBE’S EXPERIENCES

• The earthquake resulted in more than 6,000 deaths and over 30,000 injuries.

• 600 Fires following the earth-quake and incinerated the equivalent of 70 U.S. city blocks.

Page 12: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE

SUMMARY OF KOBE’S EXPERIENCES

• The earthquake caused Kobe to lose its position as the world’s number 2 container port.

Page 13: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE

OCCURRENCE

Page 14: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE

• The Kobe earthquake was NOT the typical subduction zone earthquake of the region.

• It was generated by slip on the Median Tectonic Line (a strike-slip fault).

Page 15: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE
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Page 17: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE

SOCIETAL IMPACTS

BUILDINGS

Page 18: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE

SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS

• Kobe, a city of 1.5 million, was devastated.

• Buildings of all types, ages, and building code editions collapsed.

• Entire blocks of apartments failed.

Page 19: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE
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SOCIETAL IMPACTS

INFRASTRUCTURE: HANSHIN EXPRESSWAY, BRIDGES,

PORT, ETC

Page 27: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE

INFRASTRUCTURE

• The Hanshin Expressway, an elevated highway system, collapsed, and other systems failed as a result of the strong ground shaking.

• Utility outages were widespread due to liquefaction and lateral spreads.

Page 28: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE
Page 29: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE

HANSHIN EXPRESSWAY

• At least two people died when the elevated section of the Hanshin motorway connecting Osaka to Kobe collapsed in three places.

• 50 cars went off the edge and a bus was just able to stop, but with its front wheels hanging over the edge.

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KOBE PORT

• The port of Kobe lost its position as the world’s 2nd largest container shipper.

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TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE

• After a slow initial start after the quake happened, emergency response of the central government was efficient.

• Kobe Port is working to recover its former position.

• Building codes and lifeline standards were improved during reconstruction.

• Major reconstruction was amazingly accomplished in one year.

Page 42: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE

TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE

• Search and rescue efforts and emergency assistance overcame damaged gas and water lines, failed highway systems, and fires.

• Hundreds of people trapped under the rubble of collapsed houses and buildings were rescued.

Page 43: KOBE, JAPAN SURGING  TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE AFTER THE        JAN. 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE
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