koc.he.018 - occupational health risk assessment procedure

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KOC.HE.018 – Occupational Health Risk Assessment Procedure of 21

Occupational Health Risk Assessment Procedure

Document Number: KOC.HE.018

Approver:(Technical)

Manager HSE Author:Team Leader Health& Environment

Approver:(Administrative)

Manager HSEDocumentCoordinator:

Team LeaderStandards

Scope: All KOC Directorates Control Tier: Tier 3

Issue Date: July 14, 2011 Issuing Group: HSE Group

Revision/ReviewDate:

June 18, 2012 Next Review Date: June 17, 2015

1.0. Purpose / Scope

Occupational Health Risk Assessment (OHRA) is a key to identify all types of hazards, evaluate

all types of OH risks to the business, and to estimate the potential health risk due to chemical,

biological, physical, ergonomic and psychological hazards or other occupational health hazards

on an identified working population under a specific set of environmental and working conditionsand for a certain timeframe. This procedure provides the approaches to occupational health risk

assessment which would serve as the foundation of preventive health practice among

employees and the contractors in KOC.

The purpose of this qualitative health risk assessment is to:

1. Identify the types of chemical, physical, biological, ergonomic and psychological hazards

that are, or are likely to be present in the work areas of all the KOC operational areas.

2. Establish which employees or groups of employees are potentially exposed to the

occupational health hazards in KOC.

3. Prioritize the Occupational Health Hazards based on qualitative risk assessments that




Carcinogen: A substance or agent that can cause cells to become cancerous by altering their

genetic structure so that they multiply continuously and become malignant. Asbestos, DDT, and

tobacco smoke are examples of carcinogens.

Ceiling Limit – Ceiling limit refers to the concentration of a chemical or material that no person

should be exposed to for any period of time during the work day.

Chemical Hazards - An element or mixture of elements or synthetic substances that are

considered harmful to human health. These arise from excessive airborne concentrations of

mists, vapors, gases, or solids in the form of dusts or fumes. In addition to the hazard of

inhalation, some of these materials may act as skin irritants or may be toxic by absorption

through the skin.

Chronic health effect: Prolonged or repeated exposures over many days, months or years.

Symptoms may not be immediately apparent. Chronic health effects are often irreversible.

Examples: lead or mercury poisoning, cancer.

Consequence - It is the undesirable result of an incident. It is usually measured in terms of

personal injury, damage to property, business interruption, cost implication, legal implication or

adverse reputation.

Dose – A term used interchangeably with dosage to express the amount of energy or substance

absorbed in a unit volume of an organ or individual.

Environment - Surroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land,

natural resources, humans and their interrelations.

Ergonomic Hazards – Conditions of a job, process, or operation that contribute to the risk of

developing back injuries and Repetitive Strain Injuries Exposure – The condition of being subjected to something, as to infectious agents, extremes of

weather, radiation, and other environmental factors which may have a harmful health effect /

i k I h h h f l i h h i l h i l bi l i l d




Health Outcomes – The health status of individuals, groups within the working environment, or

environment as a whole in the facility

Health Risk – The likelihood that, under specified conditions of exposure, the health of a certain

population will be harmed. Health risk is the combination of likelihood that harm to health may

occur (which is related to exposure) multiplied by the severity of health effects (hazard).

Health Risk Management – Health risk management is a consolidated effort to manage all

potential health hazards associated with an activity, project, process or system.

Health Risk Register (HRR) – A document providing a, but complete overview of identified

hazards, corresponding occupational health risks, cause, consequence of any activity or facilitywithin KOC jurisdiction and theirs control measures necessary to manage them.

Likelihood – A measure of expected frequency with which an event may occur. It can be

expressed as a frequency, a probability of occurrence during a time interval or a conditional

probability.

Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) – It is the level of chemical substances concentration

in the work environment which does not lead to health damages of workers being exposed to

them during the work shift. The terms are referred to as ‘Maximum Exposure Limits (MELs) andas ‘Occupational Exposure Standards’.

Occupational Health (OH) – The medical systems that protect and enhance workers’ health,

productivity and wellness by anticipating, recognizing, evaluating, controlling and managing

workplace health hazards. These systems also mitigate illnesses and injuries by promptly

recognizing, treating, investigating, and taking corrective actions. OH hazards can be chemical,

physical, ergonomic, and biological in nature or related to stress or IAQ (Indoor Air Quality).

Health Risk – The likelihood that, under specified conditions of exposure, the health of a certain

population will be harmed. Health risk is the combination of likelihood that harm to health may

occur (which is related to exposure) multiplied by the severity of health effects (hazard).




Severity: The level of damage due to the exposure of the specific hazard.

Short-Term Exposure Limit (STEL) – The maximum amount of harmful gas or dust to which aperson may be exposed for a brief period (usually 15 minutes) without being physically harmed.

Exposures above the TLV (Threshold Limit Value) – TWA (Time Weighted Average) up to the

TLV-STEL should not be less than 15 minutes, should occur no more than four times per day,

and there should be at least 60 minutes between successive exposures in this range.

Significant Health Aspect – Any process / operation / activities / condition that interact with the

worker’s health and it can create the occupational health risk to the employees. For. E.g.,

carrying excess load3.0. General Requirements

KOC HSE Management System Guidelines – Element 3, Risk Assessment,Management and Compliance

KOC HSE Management System Manual – Sections 4.3.1 (HSE Aspects, Hazards andRisk Management) and 4.3.3 (Objectives, Targets and Programs)

OHSAS 18001:2007 – Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS)Requirements

Relevant HSEMS Procedures

4.0. Key Responsibilities

4.1. Higher Management (DMDs)

Ensure that the appropriate equipment, materials, supplies, and training services

required by this procedure are budgeted and acquired.

Ensure compliance with this procedure through their auditing process.

Implement immediate corrective action for deficiencies discovered in this procedure.

M it i th i ff ti f thi d




4.3. HSE Team Leaders (Directorates / Assets)

Coordinate and support Managers and Higher Management to develop, review and

maintain their respective group health risk register.

The contractors health risk register shall be reviewed by HSE team’s directorate / asset

upon request from representative superintend of contract.

Coordinate and arrange for awareness needs to the employees as per the requirement.

4.4. Health and Environment Team Leader

Review, approve and maintain the template for Health Risk Register to ensure that the

occupational health risks are evaluated consistently and all groups utilize the sametemplate as a standard template across the KOC.

Coordinate and support Manager HSE to develop and review the occupational health

hazard identification and health risk assessment for HSE group.

Responsible for monitoring the status of the significant occupational health risks of HSE

group

Support HSE Teams - Directorates / Assets in awareness needs to the employees as

per the requirement.4.5. Employees

KOC Employees to familiarize with Health Risk Registers of their respective groups to

ensure implication of the significant occupational health aspects that are related to their

own job / work functions.

Follow and Comply with their respective Group Health Risk Register and related control

measures.

4.6 Superintendent of Contract

Ensure that the occupational health risks are identified and assessed by the Contractor forall activities and / or as per scope of work of contract (The type of contract required to




5.0. Procedure

5.1. Occupational Health Risk Assessment (OHRA) Process

The OHRA process is summarized in the following diagram. The individual steps of OHRAprocess are explained separately.

Evaluate and assess health risks

Identify health hazards

Identify exposed groups and tasks

Set riorities for hi h & medium risk areas

Maintain records

Monitor, review and revise when necessary

Yes

No

Are existing precautions adequate? Remedial Action Plan




Occupational Health hazards can be classified as follows:

5.1.1.1. Physical

Noise;

Vibration (hand-arm, whole body);

Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation;

Thermal work environment;

Ventilation

Illumination (Lux)

5.1.1.2. Chemical

o Systemic poisons (e.g., heavy metals, pesticides);

o Irritants;

o Sensitizers (that cause skin and respiratory reactions);

o Acids and alkalis / caustic agents;

o Carcinogens.

o Toxic gases (ex: H2 S)

5.1.1.3. Biological

Wildlife (animals including and guard dogs, reptiles, insects, plants);

Due to Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites; Bloodborne pathogens

Contaminated food and drink;

Poor hygiene (Catering, Accommodation, Toilet facilities, Waste disposal).

5.1.1.4. Psychological

Workplace Stress

Language difficulties

Overcrowding;




The following environmental conditions can affect the exposure to occupational health hazards:

Temperature and climate (e.g. extreme heat or cold) and wide temperature variations;

Humidity and air quality;

Daylight (extremes of dark or light);

Transport;

Location in relation to available occupational health services and facilities (distance and

access);

The examples cited are not exhaustive and the hazard identification process will determine theoccupational health hazard profile for the specific activity.

Health hazards exposure can generate acute (immediate), and / or chronic (delayed) health

effects:

Acute effects (e.g., asthma):

Occur suddenly;

Appear within seconds to hours following exposure;

Usually have an easily identifiable cause;

May lead to removal from the hazard and / or seeking early medical attention.

Chronic Effects (e.g., asbestosis)

Occur gradually over a long period of time (often years);

May not be easily diagnosed or associated with a specific hazard;

Do not result in immediate remedial action as the individual may not be aware of the

exposure and its potential results at the time.

In order to make Occupational Health Hazard Identification more manageable and practicable,the group’s activities / job functions shall be assessed based on divisions as follows, providedall work areas and job functions are included in the assessment. Typical divisions include:

A / it ( Offi Ah di H it l G th i C t B t St ti t )




5.1.2.2. Activities

All levels of workplace activity, including routine / non-routine tasks and emergency activities

shall be reviewed before concluding the level of risk. Discussions with the personnel actually

doing the job or others relevant shall be done, if needed.

5.1.2.3. Equipment and Materials

Workplace equipment can cause a risk to workers’ health especially if it has been poorly

designed, is used incorrectly or malfunctions. When listing the equipment and materials used in

an activity, it will be necessary to consider the following:

5.1.2.3.1. Equipment:

Condition of the equipment;

Specific hazards linked to the equipment (noise, vibration, radiation, heat, cold and

exhaust emissions)

Availability of training and method of use

5.1.2.3.2. Materials:

Physical and chemical characteristics of the materials

Quality of information (e.g., language and availability of material safety data sheet)

pertaining to the materials being used.

Dispersion of the material during the activity may increase the hazard

5.1.2.3.3. Location

Special consideration must be given to jobs which, under certain circumstances, are considered

as safe and low risk but when performed in extreme conditions (e.g. extreme heat, cold or

noise, altitude, confined space) render the task more hazardous and risky.




5.2.2. Exposures

In order to assess the degree of exposure to an identified occupational health hazard, it may be

necessary to quantify the level of personal and / or area (environmental) exposure and

benchmark against accepted standards.

5.2.3. Cumulative Exposures

Multiple exposures to occupational health hazards can occur either simultaneously or

consecutively, adding to an individual’s total dose and potentially increasing the occupational

health risk. If, for example, a combination of chemicals with similar toxicity is encountered, the

effect may be the sum of the effect of all the chemicals or even more. Similarly, if several shorttasks are carried out, exposures from each task may be cumulative (e.g., manual handling).

5.2.4. Existing Controls

In assessing the level of exposure, the effectiveness of existing controls e.g., engineering,

provision of PPE and work-rest periods should be taken into account.

The risk is estimated based on the existing controls that are in place.

5.2.5. Hierarchy of Controls

Control measure selection based on degree of risk. The greater the risk, the greater the effort

required to control it and the further up the hierarchy you may have to go, and as mentioned

below in the section 5.4.1:

5.2.6. Threshold Levels

The threshold level of exposure is the level at which no adverse health effects are observed. For

some occupational health hazards there are defined threshold levels [e.g., Occupational

Exposure Limit (OEL)]. For most occupational health hazards threshold levels have not been

established.




Table 1: Severity Condition and Scoring for Occupational Health Risk

Severity of

Health RiskCriteria

Severity

score

None No reported case of occupational illness / injuries 1

Slight At least one suspected case of occupational illness / injuries 2

Moderate At least two suspected cases of occupational illness / injuries 3

High At least one reported case of occupational illness / injuries 4

Very High More than one reported case of occupational illness / injuries 5

Table 2: Likelihood Criteria and Scoring for Occupational Health Risk

Likelihood Criteria Likelihoodscore *

Very Unlikely Absence of exposure sources and other conditions 1




Table 3: Exposure Condition and Scoring for Occupational Health Risk

As stated above, the occupational health risk will be calculated by multiplying Severity (S),

Likelihood (L) and Exposure (E). Based on the total score, the occupational health risk will be

categorized into low, medium and high. The risk score and the respective risk rating are

provided in the following table (Table-4).

Table 4: Risk Score and Respective Risk Rating for Occupational Health Risk

Level of Risk ScoreRisk Rating

Exposure

ConditionCriteria

Likelihood

score

Not Occurred Never occur 1

Infrequently Once a month to once a year 2

Occasionally Once a week to once a month 3

Frequently Approximately one time daily 4

Continuously Occurs many time daily 5




Table 5: Example for Calculating Occupational Health Risk (OHRA) Score

Severity (S) Likelihood (L) Exposure (E)Total Score(S x L x E)

Risk Rating

Low Medium High

None (1) Very Unlikely (1) Not Occurred (1) 1

Slight (2) Very Likely (5) Continuously (5) 50

Moderate (3) Very Unlikely (1) Not Occurred (1) 3

Moderate (3) Likely (4) Frequently (4) 48

Moderate (3) Very Unlikely (1) Continuously (5) 15

Moderate (3) Possible (3) Continuously (5) 45

High (5) Likely (4) Frequently (4) 80

Very High (5) Very Likely (5) Continuously (5) 125

5.4. Reducing Risks: Remedial Actions

5.4.1. Controlling adverse exposure

The general principles of controlling adverse exposure to occupational health hazards are well-

known and the following hierarchy of controls needs to be taken into account for preventing the

adverse health effects in each workplace of the respective group.

Eliminate the hazard altogether.For example – get rid of the dangerous machine.




5.4.2. Remedial Action Plan

Where the need for action to reduce occupational health risks is identified by OHRA, a remedial

Action Plan should be drawn up. For high risk activity, the adequate control measures shall be

established to bring the risk levels to medium before the activity can be performed. For medium

risk activity, the activity shall be further analyzed to determine if any additional control measures

are required. If required, such additional control measures shall be established before the

activity can be performed. For low risk activity, no additional control measures will be required.

This action plan should state which additional control or recovery measures are required for

controlling the health risk in the workplaces. This action plan should include priorities of control

measures, responsible person and target dates for actions. Each group should develop a planto ensure that the action plan has been carried out efficiently, effectively and on time. The

remedial action plan can be accompanied with the occupational health risk rating that are

developed (Refer Appendix-A).

5.5. Record Management

5.5.1. Recording OHRA

A written record of the OHRA should be kept. The record of the OHRA should:

Be communicated to relevant group’s employee

Be readily retrievable when needed for audits and periodic review;

Meet statutory and company legal requirements;

Be kept for a period as required for national practice

Include exposure monitoring where applicable

Be linked to occupational health records where applicable

Be linked to the company HSE management system

5 5 2 Review of OHRA




All groups shall prepare and upload their controlled copy of Health Risk Register in theirrespective intranet portal and shall be accessible to all their employees and contract personnel.

The Groups Health Risk Register shall have the document number as follows:KOC.HE.019.XXX

Where, “XXX” shall be the respective Group’s Abbreviation (all in capital letters)

For example:

The HRR for Operations (SK) group will be KOC.HE.019.OSK

The HRR for Support Services (WK) group will be KOC.HE.019.SSWK

The HRR for Field Development (NK) group will be KOC.HE.019.FDNK

The HRR for Public Relations & Information group will be KOC.HE.019.PRI

The HRR for Research & Technology group will be KOC.HE.019.RT

The HRR for Industrial Services group will be KOC.HE.019.IS

The HRR for Ahmadi Services group will be KOC. HE.019.AS

The HRR for Planning group will be KOC. HE.019.P

However, for groups having same initials, a second letter shall be added for distinguishing eachother. For example:

The HRR for Exploration group will be KOC.HE.019.EX and the HRR for Engineeringgroup will be KOC.HE.019.EN

The HRR for Major Project (I) group will be KOC.HE.019.MPI and the HRR for MajorProject (II) group will be KOC.HE.019.MPII

All Controlling teams shall ensure that their contractors are aware of their respectivehealth risk register.

In case the Health Risk Register (HRR) is deemed necessary and appropriate to have at any




o Salvatore DiNardi: The Occupational Environment: Its Evaluation, Control, and

Management, Second Edition

o OHSAS 18001:2007 – Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series

o KOC.GE.001 – HSEMS Manual

o KOC.GE.004 - HSE Compliance Identification and Tracking Procedure

o KOC.GE.005 – HSE Compliance Register

o KOC.GE.013 - HSEMS Document Control Procedure

o KOC.GE.045 – HSE Records Management Procedure

o KOC.HE.019 – Occupational Health Risk Register (Template)

7.0. Abbreviations

HRR- Health Risk Register.

HSE – Health, Safety and Environment

HSEMS – Health, Safety and Environment Management System

IAQ – Indoor Air Quality

IPIECA - International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association KOC – Kuwait Oil Company

KEPA – Kuwait Environment Public Authority

OGP - Oil and Gas Producers

OEL - Occupational Exposure Limits

OH - Occupational Health

OHRA - Occupational Health Risk Assessment

PPE- Personal Protective Equipment

STEL- Short Term Exposure Limit

http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=ntt_athr_dp_sr_1?_encoding=UTF8&sort=relevancerank&search-alias=books&field-author=Salvatore%20DiNardi

http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=ntt_athr_dp_sr_1?_encoding=UTF8&sort=relevancerank&search-alias=books&field-author=Salvatore%20DiNardi




June 18, 2012Manager -

HSE

Team LeaderHealth &

Environment

Title of the procedure changed from “Occupational HealthImpact Assessment Procedure” to “Occupational Health

Risk Assessment Procedure”. Approver (Technical) changed due to the changes in thescope of work of the procedure.

Section 1.0. Purpose / Scope modified and amended

Section 2.0. Definitions modified and new definitions areadded.

Section 3.0. General Requirements are updated andamended.

Section 4.0. Key Responsibilities are updated.

Section 5.0. Procedure for “Occupational Health Impact Assessment” Process is replaced with “Occupational HealthRisk Assessment (OHRA)” Process and the sub-sectionsare amended and updated accordingly.

Section 6.0. New references are added and updated.

Section 7.0. Abbreviations are updated.

Section 8.0. Retention period for Health Risk register (HRR)is incorporated.

Appendix A: “KOC Health Impact Assessment (HIA)Screening Checklist” is replaced with KOC Health RiskRegister (Template).

Appendix B: “Appendix B: Nomenclature for Likelihood”added for the reference.




Control Tier 3 Revision Date June 14, 2012

Uncontrolled Copy if printed.

Appendix B: Nomenclature for Likelihood

Note: Each bullet of the criterion for the likelihood in the following table carries one (1) point and an additional point will be added foreach criterion to arrive at the range of total point. The likelihood score (1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5) to be provided, if the total points arewithin the range provided in the column next to the criteria in the following table.

Likelihood CriteriaRange of

totalpoints

Likelihoodscore

VeryUnlikely

Non-Hazardous Materials being used for the process / operation No need to open any system / pipeline for inspection

Completely closed process No leaks and spillage of chemicals and other hazardous materials / gases in the work area No history of fugitive release and leaks No draining or decontamination involved in the process / operations

Good Ventilation in the work area Area noise level well below the occupational exposure limits Absence of radiation sources Atmospheric temperature less than 25

0 C and it is within the comfortable level

(23 -260 C)

No fungi / bacterial sources (for. e.g., stagnant water) in the work area

No need of working with the awkward postures like twisting, pending and others

1-12 1







totalpoints

Likelihood

score

Unlikely

Enclosed process. No intentional releases of the chemical (s) / toxic gases occur. Fugitive orinadvertent releases may occur

Absence of hand operations involving potential close contact with hazardous chemicals System infrequently opened for maintenance or routine operation. Adequate draining and decontamination done prior to opening No leaks and spills Non-volatile liquid and non-dusty solid Good Enclosure and ventilation at points of potential significant exposure. History of good

ventilation performance.

Area noise level well below the occupational exposure limits Completely sealed and regularly inspected ionizing radiation source Atmospheric temperature less than 25

0 C and it is within the comfortable level (23 -26

0 C)

Occasional presence of fungi / bacterial sources (for. e.g., stagnant water) in the work area Rarely working with the awkward postures like twisting, pending and others

13-24 2

Possible

Partially enclosed process. Limited hand operations involving potential close contact with chemicals

Few leaks and spills Low volatile liquid and low dusty solid used for the process Good Ventilation but incomplete enclosure and history of good ventilation performance

Area noise level below the occupational exposure limits Completely sealed and regularly inspected ionizing radiation source, but activity is once a

week

Atmospheric Temperature greater than 260C but less than 32

0C

Frequent (once a month) presence of fungi / bacterial sources (for. e.g., stagnant water) inthe work area

Frequently (once a month) working with the awkward postures like twisting, pending andothers

25-34 3







total pointsLikelihood

score

Likely

Controlled release process. Deliberate or planned release of chemicals. System occasionally opened for maintenance or operation with fair but incomplete draining

and decontamination. Occasional leaks and spills Moderately volatile liquid and moderately dusty solid used for the process Fair Ventilation but incomplete enclosure and history of fair ventilation performance Area noise level above the occupational exposure limits Completely sealed and regularly inspected ionizing radiation source, but activity twice a week Atmospheric Temperature greater than 320C but less than 350C Frequent (once a week) presence of fungi / bacterial sources (for. e.g., stagnant water) in the

work area Frequently (once a week) working with the awkward postures like twisting, pending andothers

35-44 4

Very

Likely

o Open process. Chemical (s) are routinely in contact with the atmosphere and no measures aretaken to prevent their release (e.g., open process vessels)

o Hand operation involving potential contact with chemicals (hand dumping, sampling, cleaningcontainers, etc.,)

o Frequent opening of system for maintenance or routine operation with inadequate draining anddecontamination prior to opening.

o Frequent leaks and spillso Highly volatile liquid and Highly dusty solid used for the processo Absence of adequate system enclosure and ventilationo History of poor ventilation performanceo Area noise level above the occupational exposure limitso Completely sealed and regularly inspected ionizing radiation source, but activity more than 2

times a weeko Atmospheric Temperature greater than 35

0C

o Continuous presence of fungi / bacterial sources (for. e.g., stagnant water) in the work areao Continuously working with the awkward postures like twisting, pending and others

45-56 5

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