konrad adenauer supporter of western liberal democracy and catholic conservatism
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Konrad Adenauer
Supporter of Western Liberal democracy and Catholic conservatism
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‘Chancellor Democracy’
• ‘Chancellor of the Allies’• Chancellor and Foreign Minister
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Adenauer’s Policies
‘Reject the East, integrate with the West’• Joined the EEC- European Economic Community in
1957• Joined NATO- 1955• Bundeswehr – army created 1955• Ignore 1953 uprising • Refused to recognise the GDR as a separate state or to
have diplomatic relations with any powers that did recognise it.
• East Germany ‘the zone’ until the 1970s
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The economic miracle
Former Economic director of Bizonia Dr Ludwig Erhard
‘social market economy’‘Prosperity for all’
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Evidence of a successful Economy
• Growth of motorisation• Second half of the 1950s saw change, 63% have a
fridge, 42% have a TV• High levels of production: By 1950s more coal being
mined that in 1936• Important trading power: tools, machines, cars• Unemployment went down to one million by 1955.
Full employment 1960s• Shortage of workers 1960s led to foreign labour from
Italy and Turkey
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Why?
• Good resources: coal and iron• West Germany not as damaged• Skilled workforce from GDR• $1.5 billion from Marshall Aid• Industrial peace• Consumer demand• Government spending was low: no reparations and
limited defence cost to begin with• Korean War 1950-1952• As the economy grew, wages grew
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Social Policy
• Welfare State: unemployment benefit, pensions, sick pay, accident insurance
• Education reform limited• 6 million houses built 1961
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Women
• Ethos was traditional• Women did not always get equal pay. 40% less on
average.• Social welfare geared towards preserving the family
rather than equality‘The expectations that a woman should marry, raise a
family and build her life around the private sphere remained in force’
Contrast to GDR where women were encouraged to work and have a family
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“ Seldom in history has a defeated power recovered so quickly. The FRG had become a fully integrated part of a Western military defence system and its freedom was guaranteed, it was being accepted on an equal level with the other West European states’
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Adenauer’s foreign policy
• European Coal and Steel Community 1951 with France and Italy. It meant that coal and steel production increased by 22% 1952-1957
• European Economic Community EEC 1957• French-German Treaty 1963: political co-
operation and lasting friendship
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Relationship with the GDR
• ‘Soviet Occupation zone’• Not accepted as a state• FRG claimed to represent German interests• Hallstein Doctrine: refuse to have diplomatic
relations with any state that officially recognised the GDR (except Russia)