konsep-askep tetralogi of fallot

HALAKAM

GNINRAEL DESAB TCEJORP ERAC GNISRUN

RALUKSAVOIDRAK METSIS

NATAWAREPEK NAHUSA NAD RASAD PESNOK

TOLLAF FO IGOLARTET

: helO nususiD

ITITSAN GNINAYDAM YKE

4001270190

NARETKODEK SATLUKAF NATAWAREPEK UMLI NASURUJ

AYAJIWARB SATISREVINU

EATIV MULUCIRRUC

AMAN ITITSAN GNINAYDAM YKE :

MIN 4001270190 :

NASURUJ NATAWAREPEK UMLI :

NATAKGNA A 9002 :

LTT 1991 IEM 02 ,REBMEJ :

TAMALA REBMEJ 82 ON UAIR .NLJ :

: NAKIDIDNEP TAYAWIR

- NDS GNARAKES( II ROL REBMEJ REBMEJ )1 ROL

- 2 IREGEN PMS BMEJ RE

- REBMEJ 1 IREGEN AMS

- AYAJIWARB SATISREVINU NATAWAREPEK NASURUJ 1S

.A ISINIFED

irad iridret gnay naawab gnutnaj tikaynep halada tollaF fo igolarteT ralucirtnev

)DSV( tcefed latpes ,kitroabus sunarbmemirep epit atroa gnidirrevo , sisonets lanomlup

ralubidnufni )SP( atres raluvlav SP apnat uata nagned nanak lakirtnev ifortrepih .

lairetrabus halada DSV epit aliB .tollaf fo ygolatnep tubesid DSA nagned iatresid aliB

)8002 ,rayhkA( .tollaf nacixem uata latneiro iagabes lanekid akam dettimmoc ylbuod

eT nanialeK .kitonais epit naawab gnutnaj tikaynep halada )FOT( tollaF igolart

naigab irad gnabul uata kefed idajret anamid nahubmutrep nanialek halada idajret gnay

tarays nagned )lekirtnev aggnor aratna takes( ralukirtnevartni mutpes mulubidnufni

esret kefed ,aynisneukesnok iagabeS .atroa gnabul nagned raseb amas tikides gnilap tub

: tukireb iagabes imotana nanialek tapme aynada naktapadid

lekirtnev aggnor audek aratna takes adap gnabul utiay )DSV( lekirtneV mutpeS kefeD •

irad raulek gnay harad hulubmep pelk natipmeynep anerak idajret lanomlup sisonetS •

naklubminem nad labenem aguj pelk hawabid toto naigab ,urap ujunem nanak kilib

natipmeynep

nev irad raulek gnay amatu harad hulubmep anamid gnidirrevo atroA • irik lekirt

haloes aggnihes ,kilib takes gnakgnagnem - nanak kilib irad raulek atroa naigabes halo

natakgninep anerak nanak lekirtnev id toto nalabenep uata nanak lekirtnev ifortrepiH •

lanomlup sisonets irad tabika nanak lekirtnev id nanaket

adaP mutpes kefed halada gnitnep nanarep gnagemem gnay ini tikaynep

nad lekirtnev silanomlup sisonets tikides gnilap lekirtnev adap kefed tarays nagned ,

.atroa gnabul nagned raseb amas sisonetS .tareb iapmas nagnir tagnas irad lanomlup

fisreb lanomlup sisonetS tareb nikam amal nikam , fisergorp ta . )0102 ,nayaY (

ISNELAVERP .B

kaynab gnilap gnay kitonais gnutnaj tikaynep nakapurem )FT( tollaf igolarteT

naawab gnutnaj tikaynep tapmeek naturu itapmenem tollaf igolartet anamid nakumetid

susoiretra sutkud nad muirta mutpes kefed,lekirtnev mutpes kefed haletes kana adap

ata,netsisrep 01 gnaruk hibel u - aratnaid ,naawab gnutnaj tikaynep hurules irad % 51

tollaf igolarteT .ayn 3/2 nakapurem tollaf igolarteT kitonais naawab gnutnaj tikaynep

gnires gnilap gnay naawab gnutnaj tikaynep nakapurem iadnatid gnay nakumetid

nagned lartnes sisonais .irik ek nanak uarip aynada tabika

ayneP gnay kitonaiS nawaB gnutnaJ tik .nakumetid kaynab gnilap FOT isnelaverP

nagned iyab %9 halada ikaynep adap tareb latinegnok gnutnaj t hat rumu amatrep nu

691.0( FOT atirednem – 2 ,noitusaN(.)pudih narihalek 0001/852.0 )800 akgna SU iD .

3 iapacnem aynnaidajek - gniresret babeynep nakapurem FOT .narihalek 00001 irad 6

nakgnidnabid airp adap idajret gnires hibeL .sisonais nakbabeynem gnay BJP adap

)7002 ,IUKF kanA natahesek umlI 2 hailuK ukuB ( .atinaw

bes omoteoS .rD USR iD 5 sataid tapadid tollaf igolarteT neisap raseb naiga

susak aynkaynab iraD .nuhat 01 rumureb haletes nurunem isnelaverp nad nuhat

,ini naawab gnutnaj nanialek tabika naklubmitid gnay natawagek atres gnutnaj nanialek

tnu tutnutid tawarep gnaroes iagabes akam nad natawagek adnat ilanegnem upmam ku

.tapet gnay natawarepek nahusa nakirebmem upmam

ITE .C O GOL I

:naawab nanialek okiser ayntakgninem nakbabeynem tapad gnay rotkaf aparebeB

.1 kinegotareT

ta nakbabeynem asib gnay nahab uata rotkaf paites halada negotareT ua

naktakgninem .naawab nanialek utaus okiser isaidaR nucar nad utnetret tabo ,

nakapurem .negotaret

:aynkiabes limah atinaw gnaroes ,mumu araceS

- munim aid gnay tabo paites aynretkod nagned nakisatlusnokgnem

- kokorem itnehreb

- kla ismusnokgnem kadit loho

- negtnor naaskiremep inalajnem kadit .kasednem tagnas akij ilaucek

- .negotaret nakapurem asib aguj limah ubi adap iskefnI

.2 iziG

,negotaret iradnihgnem nagned nakukalid aynah kadit ninaj natahesek agajneM

gnay izig ismusnokgnem nagned aguj ipatet .kiab

halada ninaj nahubmutrep kutnu gnitnep gnay taz utas halaS talof masa .

aynidajret okiser naktakgninem asib talof masa nagnarukeK adifib anips uata

nanialek faras gnubat gnaroes mulebes idajret asib adifib anips aneraK .aynnial

awhab iradaynem atinaw aynkiabes rubus aisu atinaw paites akam ,limah aid

.irah/margorkim 004 kaynabes laminim talof masa ismusnokgnem

.3 R adap kisiF rotkaF .miha

nakapurem aguj gnay nabutek nariac helo madneret iyab ,mihar malad iD

asib lamronba gnay nabutek nariac halmuJ .aredec padahret gnudnilep

.naawab nanialek aynada nakkujnunem uata nakbabeynem

hubmutrep ihuragnepmem asib tikides ulalret gnay nabutek nariaC urap na - urap

gnay lajnig nanialek aynada nakkujnunem asib uata hubut kareg atoggna nad

nabutek nariac nanubmineP .himek ria nakutnebmep sesorp tabmalrepmem

helo nakbabesid asib gnay ,nalenem nauggnag imalagnem ninaj akij idajret

m( tareb gnay kato nanialek aynlasi sulafesnena uata sugafose aiserta .)

.4 nad kiteneg rotkaF mosomork

aparebeB .naawab nanialek aparebeb malad gnitnep narep gnagemem kiteneG

iulalem naksirawid gnay nanurutek tikaynep nakapurem naawab nanialek neg

dek uata utas halas irad lamronba gnay .aut gnaro au

les paites mosomork malad id tapadret gnay udividni tafis awabmep halada neG

nanialek idajret asib ,tacac uata gnalih neg 1 akiJ .aisunam hubut malad id

.naawab

iuhatekid kadit naawab gnutnaj tikaynep babeynep ,susak raseb naigabes adaP

ces ,itsap ara rotkaF .negoske nad negodne rotkaf aynada anerak agudid – rotcaf tubesret

: nial aratna

E rotkaF negodn :

mosomork nanialek : kiteneg tikaynep sinej iagabreB

naawab gnutnaj tikaynep atirednem aynmulebes rihal gnay kanA

lad utnetret tikaynep aynadA ,sutilem setebaid itrepes agraulek ma ,isnetrepih

naawab nanialek uata gnutnaj tikaynep

E rotkaF negosk :

laro BK margorp tuki aynmulebes : ubi nalimahek tayawiR munim,kitnus uata

tabo - ,retkod peser apnat natabo ,enimatehpmaortxed,edimdilaht(

ma,niretponima )umaj ,niretpohte

allebur : iskefni tikaynep atirednem ubI

ranis padahret nanajaP –X

nalimahek taas gnaruk gnay isirtuN

nalimahek taas kurub isirtuN

A lohokl

I nuhat 04 irad hibel aisureb gnay limah ub

kana adap nakumetid gnires hibel tollaF igolarteT - atirednem gnay kana

nwoD amordnis

tubesret negoske nad negodne babeynep awhab tapadnepreb ilha araP gnaraj

irad hibel nakarikrepiD .naawab gnutnaj tikaynep nakbabeynem hasipret susak %09

m haada babeynep padahret nanajap ,aynbabes nupapA .rotkafitlu babeynep rotkaf

anerak helo , nalimahek audek nalub rihka mulebes ada surah napaled ek uggnim adap

.iaseles hadus ninaj gnutnaj nakutnebmep nalimahek )8002 ,gnabmaB(

.D SINILK ISATSEFINAM

.a sisonaiS

nanak lekirtnev raulek harad narila iskurtsbO mulubidnufni iportrepih takgninem nikames gnay nahubmutrep iatresid takgninem iskurtsbo takgninem .sisonais

.b aenpsiD

.kisif satifitka nakukalem atirednep alib idajreT

.c nagnareS - ( lamiskorap aenpsid nagnares nagnares - )urib aiskona nagnares

tareb habmatreb sisonais ,aisu habmatreb nikameS .irah igap adap mumu

.d nagnabmekrep nad nahubmutrep malad natabmalreteK

.tabmalret satrebup asam ,kanul nad rudnek tahilret

.e lamron harad hulubmep tuyneD

malad aynasiab gnutnaJ utaus ,tahilrets alej gnutnaj skepa ,lamron naruku adap ,adad gnalut irik ipet gnajnapes id nakasarid tapad silotsis narateg

.4 nad 3 lanretsarap halec

.f kilotsis gnisiB

rasebrets atisnetni iatet ,saul rabeynem tapad ,rasak nad sarek ragnedreTrik ipet adap )3002,nosleN ( .adad gnalut i

:apureb asib aynalajeG

agnem iyaB usuynem kutnu natilusek imal

habmatreb kadit iyab nadab tareB

tabmal gnusgnalreb kana nahubmutreP

kurub gnay kana nagnabmekreP

sativitka nakukalem akij safan kaseS

.kokgnoj ulales kana ,sativitka nakukalem haleteS

)tareb alib sisonais adA( alajeg adait ilak gnires aynalum adaP

.iusuynem aynlasim ,sativitkareb ualak sisonais nad aenpsid idajret ayntujnaleS

laromeF iretra tipejnem ,kokgnojreb kudud gnireS

aek haduseS :itrepes kapmat & rasebmem iraj gnuju ,sinork sisonanis naad

/gnutnep bulc

haremek urib kapmat kanA : taharitsi utkaw urib nagnareS/ ”lleps teT“ idajreT

& tareb sisonais ,aenprepiH ,sisonais idajnem ikak & nagnat gnujU ,naharem

.radas gnaruk nad sata ek ratupret ataM ,hamel

M kinilK isatsefina

rihal akitek nakumetid gnaraj sisonaiS •

: anerak nakbabesiD •

– napudihek lawa nalub adap fitka tikides iyab/sutanoeN

– gnidnabid iggnit hibel gnay satinifa ikilimem lateoF bH asaweD bH nagned

nad ,aenpyhcat ,ssenissuf ,nakam hasus iyab iatresid gnadak nakumetid akiteK •

.noitatiga

)5002 ,oravlA(

SLLEPS CITONAYC

FoT kutnu sahk sisonais nagnareS •

tifitka ,mamed ,raseb ria gnaub ,signanem kana akitek lubmit aynasaiB • gnay sa

.takgninem

51 • - natnops isataret ,tinem 02

6 lubmit ialuM • - nalub 21

:nakbabeynem sativitkA •

– negisko nahutubek natakgnineP

– kimetis reluksav nanahat nanuruneP

– ,ralubidnufni emsaps nakbabeynem sitapmis faras satifitka natakgnineP

adap nanak lekirtnev raulek narila adap raluksum iskurtsbo nakbabeynem

.ravlavbus takgnit

naka sisonais : nauribek /sisonaiS ,sativitkareb kana taas lucnum

,usuynem/nakam isatalidosav anamid signanem uata narabelep( kimetsis hulubmep

hurules id harad irik ek nanak irad tnuhs natakgninep nakbabeynem nad lucnum )hubut

.)tnuhs tfel ot thgir( naka negisko niksim gnay haraD ayak gnay harad nagned rupmacreb

negisko mid tubesret harad narupmacrep ana ek nakrilaid ayntabikA .hubut hurules

gniraj nad negisko nagnarukek naka na .nauribek alajeg naklubminem

)9002 ,nosnoD ;5002,onoidam ;5002 ,oravla(

)RVS( nruteR suoneV cimetsyS nanuruneP

DSV itawlem raseb nikames gnay uariP • nikames isarutasedret gnay kimetis harad

kaynaB refirep sisodisa isatalidosav is s kimet V cimetsyS nanurunep suone nruteR

)RVS( elcyC suoiciV

)kokgnoJ( GNITTAUQS

FoT kutnu sahK •

kokgnoj isisop nakukalem gnires tagnas kanA •

isisop aparebeB • nagned amas aguj tubesid tapad kokgnoj isisop

• harad narila adap nanahat natakgninep nakbabeynem kokgnoj halada aynnasalA

iS s kimet DSV isatnilem uarip nanurunep harad .nurunem isarutasedret gnay kimetsis

kokgnojreb nagned imala akerem gnay nahulek ignarugnem abocnem naka kanA

gnay tapad urtsuj iser naktakgninem kimetsis harad hulubmep isnets iretra anerak

nem naka ini laH .tapilret gnay silaromef tnuhs tfel ot thgir naktakgni awabmem nad

nak lekirtnev irad harad kaynab hibel urap malad ek na - nikameS .urap sisonets tareb

akam idajret gnay lanomlup .idajret gnay alajeg tareb nikames naka

5002 ,oravlA( )

.E IGOLOISIFOTAP

raulek narila iskurtsbo naharapek tajared irad gnutnagret FoT irad amatU igoloisifotaP •

narila iskrutsbO .nanak lekirtnev irad nakkujnunem nanak lekirtnev irad raulek

.irik ek nanak uarip irad naharapek

.harad irad isufrep ayngnaruk anerak isanegiskO nanuruneP • halet gnay harad uariP

lekirtnev mutpes adap kefed itawelem atroa ek nanak lekirtnev irad isanegiskoedid

ngnaruK)atroa gnidirrevo helo isatilisafid( negisko isarutas aynhadner ,isanegisko ay

.sisonais nad nibolgomeh adap )9002 ,nosnoD ,8002 ,noitusaN(

turuneM ( 0102 ,nayaY ) , macam tapme tapadret tollaf igolartet adap aneraK

:akam ,naamasreb gnay gnutnaj nanialek

haubes irad uata ,irik irad nakub nanak lekirtnev irad lasareb atroa irad haraD .1

harad amirenem aggnihes ,rabmag malad tahilret itrepes ,mutpes adap gnabul

.lekirtnev audek irad

lagnem gnay harad aggnihes ,sisonets imalagnem lanomlup iretrA .2 lekirtnev irad ri

urap ek nanak - .atroa ek kusam harad halam ;lamron irad tikides hibel huaj urap

mutpes gnabul iulalem nanak lekirtnev ek rilagnem irik lekirtnev irad haraD .3

lekirtnev gnem ,atroa ek gnusgnal/atroa ek naidumek nad nabul nakiaba .ini g

malad ek harad raseb halmujes apmomem surah nanak naigab gnutnaj aneraK .4

toto ,iggnit nanaketreb gnay atroa - aggnihes ,gnabmekreb tagnas naka ayntoto

.nanak lekirtnev narasebmep idajret

tollaF igolarteT tabika amatu sigoloisif natiluseK kadit harad anerak halada

aggnihes urap itawelem gnay anev harad %57 kaynabeS .isanegisko imalagnem kadit

apnat atroa ek nanak lekirtnev irad gnusgnal satnilem tapad gnutnaj ek ilabmek

.isanegisko imalagnem

mlup sisonets nad raseb gnay DSV aynada aneraK idajret naka akam lano

harad nakbabeynem uti idajret gnay lanomlup sisonetS .kimanidomeh nahaburep

malad gnupmatret naka aynhurules roirefni nad roirepus avac anev irad lasareb gnay

,irik lekirtnev inabebmem apnat atroa ek kusam naidumeK .nanak lekirtnev aggnihes

.licek fitaler irik lekirtnev nakgnades nanak lekirtnev ifortrepih lubmit

.sisonais lubmit aggnihes irik ek nanak tnuhs aynidajret nakbabeynem tubesret DSV

idajret aggnihes nurunem idaj omlup ek harad narila nakbabeynem lanomlup sisonetS

.aimetisilop nagned isasnepmokid gnay aimeskopih

KITSONGAID NAASKIREMEP .F

.1 muirotarobal naaskiremeP

naawab gnutnaj tikaynep paites adap gnitnep nitur muirotarobal naaskiremeP

eh nad nibolgomeH .tikaynep nagnabmekrep ialinem kutnu kitonais nakapurem tirkotam

aimeskopih tajared kutnu kiab pukuc gnay rotakidni natakgninep aynada nakumetiD

aynmumu adaP .hadner gnay negisko isarutas tabika )tH( tirkotameh nad nibolgomeh

61 naknahatrepid nibolgomeh - 05 aratna tirkotameh nad ld/rg 81 - .% 56 AGB ialiN

nanaket nanurunep ,)2OCP( adiskoidnobrak laitrap nanaket natakgninep nakkujnunem

hadner uata lamron tH nad nH nagned neisap.HP nanurunep nad )2OP( negisko laisrap

iseb isneisifed atirednem nikgnum .

.2 sigoloidaR

ada kadit ,lanomlup harad narila nanurunep nakkujnunem skaroht adap X raniS

aggnihes takgnaret gnutnaj skepa kapmat gnutnaj sahk narabmag . gnutnaj narasebmep

utapes itrepes toob‘ - traeh ’depahs .

toob utapes itrepes sahk gnutnaj narabmaG

lup nemgeS gnukec gnay lanom

)nanak lekirtnev ifortrepih( takgnaret gnutnaj skepA

imegilo urap isasiraluksav narabmaG











.2 sigoloidaR


















.2 sigoloidaR








.3 margoidrakortkelE GKE adaP : utiay ,lojnonem gnilap gnay lah 3 kapmaN

nanakek SRQ ubmus isaiveD

kirtnev ifortrepiH nanak le

nanak muirta ifortrepiH

.4 ifargoidrakokE

d atroa gnidirrevo ,atroa isatalid naktahilrepmeM %05 hibel gnaruk nanurunep,

urap ek harad narila nanurunep & silanomlup iretra naruku - urap atres nalabenep

nanak lekirtnev mulubidnufni

.5 isasiretetaK ifargoignA nad

ahadebmep nakadnit mulebes nakulrepiD mutpes kefed iuhategnem kutnu n

sisonets isketednem nad iranorok iretra nanialek isketednem ,elpitlum lekirtnev

,negisko isarutas nanurunep aynada isketedneM .refirep lanomlup et natakgninep nanak

hadner uata lamron silanomlup nanaket nagned ,nanak lekirtnev .

ranis narabmag( margoignA - gnay lamronba harad narila nakkujnunem )X

narila tikides tapadret nad atroa malad kusam nad lekirtnevretni mutpes gnabul iulalem

s gnay lanomlup iretra iulalem sisonet

naaskiremep edotem nakapurem ifargoidrakoigna nad gnutnaj isasiretetaK

nakrikgniynem kutnu nad tubesret simotana satilamronba nakgnarenem kutnu amatu

lekirtnev amaturet ,tolaf igolartet utaus narabmag iapureynem gnay ,aynnial tacac

nagned nanak iretra isisopnart atres lanomlup sisonets iatresid adnag raulek narulas

lanomlup sisonets nagned .

8002 ,USU aratnasuN naretkodeK halajaM ( )

.G ISAKILPMOK

lanomlup sisobmorT omlup hulubmep adap submorht aynada :

sisobmorht AVC

kato sesbA

larberes krafnI

)nuhat 2 > rumu( larberes sesbA

harad ek assam latot halmuj natakgninep : aimetisiloP

fitaler eF isneisifed aimenA

EBS

gnaraj nanak CD

ainepotisobmort anerak helo naharadreP ) 0102 ,nayaY (

,1991 IUKF kanA nataheseK rajA ukuB turuneM :utiay FoT isakilpmok

.a lanomlup sisobmorT

nakbabesid gnay harad satisoksiv ayntakgninem anerak nakbabesid sisobmorT

.sisobmort aynidajret kutnu okiser naktakgninem tapad isardiheD .aimetisilop helo

gnay ipat ajas anam id idajret tapad sisobmorT .kato nad urap id idajret akij ayahabreb

.b sisobmort AVC

.c kato sesbA

idajret amaturet ,irik ek nanak irad uarip nagned kitonais naawab gnutnaj tikayneP

sesba isisopsiderp rotkaf iagabes saul lanekid ,nuhat 2 irad hibel aisureb gnay kana adap

aP .kato agnihes ,tabmal gnay harad narila nagned aimetisilop nakumetid atirednep ad

sesba tapmet nakapurem gnay kato malad id licek krafni aynidajret nakbabeynem tapad

urap id isartlifid kadit ,irik ek nanak irad uarip harad narilA .lubmit ialum - aggnihes ,urap

mem laH .aimekitpes aynidajret nakhadu - isisopsiderp rotkaf nakapurem tubesret lah

.kitonais naawab gnutnaj tikaynep atirednep adap kato sesba aynidajret

esaf ,inid sitirberes esaf :utiay ,muidats tapme idajnem igabid tapad sesba aynidajreT

,tabmal sitirberes kato sesbA .tabmal luspak nakutnebmep nad inid luspak nakutnebmep

subol adap tapadret gnires ,retilos aynasaib kitonais naawab gnutnaj tikaynep adap

.silateirap nad ,silaropmet ,silatnorf

.d naharadreP

tesilop aynamal nagned iatresid sisonais nagned iyaB naktabikagnem naka aimi

.harad naukebmep nanialek nad ainepotisobmort

.e sitidrakodnE

.f aimtirA

.H NAANASKALATANEP

pani tawar atirednep anaskalataT :

.ada gnay natawagek isatagneM .1

.pukuc gnay isanegiskO .2

.fitavresnok nakadniT .3

.4 : )nakujur( hadeb nakadniT

- :latot iskerok nakukalid mulebes tnuhs TB deifidom : fitailap isarepO

gnay nahulek nagned gk 01 < BB kana adap nakukalid

( .salej )VI nad III tajared

- atot iskeroK l : iskeser + DSV putut : gk 01 > BB nagned kana kutnu

.mulubidnufni

.ada ualak gnutnaj lagag anaskalataT .5

.ada ualak urap gnadar anaskalataT .6

P .7 .sitidrakodne nahagecnep ,THT nad igig natahesek naarahileme

nalaj tawar anaskalataT

: I tajareD .1

- ulrep kadit : asotemakideM

- arepo ,isavitomid ulrep ) nakujur( isarepO ualak nakajrekid tapad latot is .gk 01 > BB

a/sisonais tagnas ualaK d ulrep ,kato sesba isakilpmok a .fitailap isarepo nakukalid

- .nalub pait : lortnoK

: III nad II tajareD .2

- lolonaporP ; asotnemakideM

- > BB ualak nakajrekid tapad latot iskerok isarepo ,isavitom ulrep )nakujur( isarepO

isarepo nakukalid ulrep ,kato sesba isakilpmok ada/sisonais tagnas ualaK .gk 01

.fitailap

- nalub pait : lortnoK

- .kiab nagned ikerokid halet : alib hubmes nakataynid atiredneP

adap natabogneP S nagnareS sisonai

rutas naktakgninem nakahasU .a : arac nagned liiretra negisko isa

- sutef uata tsehc eenk isisop taubmeM

- taukeda gnay isalitneV

1,0 taflus nifroM agned safan tasup tabmahgneM .b - natukbus uata mi gk/gm 2,0

c kutnu vi gk/qem 1 ciB aN nakirebid gnusgnal asib tabeh nagnares aliB . hagecnem

kilobatem sisodisa

51 bH iapmas nalep gk/lm 5 rages harad isufsnart nakireb ld/rg 51 < bH aliB .d - ld/rg 71

1 natamur sisod naksuretid lleps degnolorp kutnu amaturet vi gk/gm 1,0 lolonaporP .e - 2

laro gk/gm

m malad kokop naujuT utiay remirp iskerok halada tollaF igolarteT inagnane :

nanak lekirtnev mulubidnufni narabelep nad lekirtnev mutpes kefed naputunep .

umU m ayn remirp iskerok adap nakanaskalid nuhat 1 hibel gnaruk aisu naarikrep nagned

gk 8 ayngnarukes iapacnem hadus nadab tareb ,ihunepret muleb ayntarays akij numaN .

nagned kimetsis iretra aratna uarip taubmem utiay ,fitailap nakadnit nakukalid tapad

aynlasim ,silanomlup iretra nagned kcolalB - tnuhs gisuaT aivalcbus .A aratna uarip(

ned .nadab tareb uata nuhat 1 iapacnem muleb kana aisu aliB .)silanomlup .A gnabac nag

kana irad aut gnarO - asib naawab gnutnaj nanialek atirednem gnay kana irajaid

arac gnatnet - :lubmit gnay alajeg ipadahgnem arac

- lrep araces kana ipauynem uata iusuyneM .naha

- .gnires hibel ipatet licek hibel gnay nakam isrop nakirebmeM

- .gnanet pakisreb patet nagned kana nasamecek ignarugneM

- .aynnahutubek ihunemem arac nagned kana signat nakitnehgneM

- ek kuketid ikak nad gnirim isisop malad kana nakgnirabmeM nagnares amales adad

.sisonais )0102 ,nayaY (

GNIROTINOM

laH - : nial aratna FOT atirednep adap uatnap /rotinom id ulrep gnay lah

- mumu naadaeK

- amatu adnaT

- sisonaiS

- gnutnaj lagaG

- urap gnadaR

- GKE

- kato sesba alajeG ,nayaY ( )0102

naanaskalataneP

nakujutid iparet akam sisonais nagnares imalagnem gnay atirednep adaP

: arac nagned nial aratna ,tubesret nagnares igoloisifotap sutumemkutnu

asotneM akideM

1,0 taflus enihproM .1 - 2,0 nasafanrep tasup nakenem kutnu VI uata MI ,CS gk/gm

.uenpikat isatagnem nad

1 tanobrakiB muirtaN .2 sisodisa isatagnem kutnu VI BB gk/qeM

anerak tapet utigeb kadit inisid nairebmep nupualaw ,nakirebid tapad negiskO .3

erak nakub nahalasamrep ek harad narila anerak ipatet ,negisko nagnarukek an

.nurunem urap

nad gnarukreb sisonais ,aenpikat igal kadit kana nakparahid sata id ahasu nagneD

t kadit ini lah aliB .gnanet idajnem kana nagned naktujnalid tapad idajre : nairebmep

a lolonaporP . 10,0 - nahalrep VI gk/gm 52,0 - tuyned naknurunem kutnu nahal

lm 01 nagned nakturalid latot sisoD .isataid tapad nagnares aggnihes gnutnaj

nagnares alib ,aynhorapes nakirebid sulob/lawa sisod ,tiups malad nariac

muleb 5 malad nahalrep nakirebid aynasis isataret - .ayntukireb tinem 01

b ilakes ,ld/g 51 irad gnaruk nibolgomeh radak alib harad isufsnart nakireB .

BBgk/lm 5 nairebmep

c nagnares kutnu nakanugid tapad sisod 4 malad irah/gk/gm 1 laro lolonaporP .

ais kiton

isataid areges iseb taz isneisifed ada aliB .7

1E nidnalgatsorP nairebmeP .8

tabmahgnem nad loiretra rotalidosav( tuka naadaek adap uata sisonais kutnu

)tisobmort isagerga

agag nial iparet akij uata nagnares lawa adap rosserposaV nairebmeP .9 l

)enirhpelynehp ,enimaxohtem(

asotneM akideM noN

1 habmatreb urap ek harad narila raga adad ek tutul isisoP .

2 iskefni rebmus nakadainem kutnu igig nad tulum nahisrebek nakitahreP .

.kato sesba uata fitkefni sitidrakodne aynidajret

3 iradniH . isardihed

nahadebmeP :

P hadeB fitaila

B isarepo halada nakukalid asaib gnay fitailap hadeB - kcolalB( T - gnay tnuhS )gissuaT

aivalkbus.a nakgnubuhgnem nagned lanomlup isalukris naktakgninem naujutreb

.laretalispi gnay silanomlup.a nagned

p isarepo aynmumU aisalpopih nagned uata licek iyab adap nakukalid fitaila

tapadret tnuhS TB nialeS .kitonais imalagnem gnires gnay neisap nad silanomlup.a

nakapurem tnuhS TB ipateT .tnuhS nnelG nad ,tnuhS notsretaW ,tnuhS sttoP alup

bmem anerak nakanugid gnires gnilap gnay .kiab gnilap gnay lisah nakire

akgna nupualaw isakilpmok aparebeb naklubminem aguj tnuhS TB ipateT

aisalpopih : nial aratna idajret nikgnum gnay isakilpmoK .licek tagnas aynnaidajek

.a sisonets ,sukinerf suvren aredec ,silatigid adap nergnag ,nagnel adap .lanomlup

fitkeroK hadeB

hadeb apnat uata iuluhadid tapad gnay latot iskerok nakukalid fitkerok hadeb adaP

nakukalid latot iskerok aynmumu ,licek ulalret kadit silanomlup iretra aliB .fitailap

.nuhat 2 aisu hawab id tollaF igolartet neisap adap 02 ,IUKF ( )11

NATAWAREPEK NAHUSA

munim nad nakam tilus ,lewer ,gk 7 ini taas BB ,gk 4,2 rihal BB ,nalub 21 ,rebiaB iyaB

larka ,signagnem akij nauribek kapmat hajaw ,mamed ,kelip nad kutab ,kases ,usus

,kited 4 TRC ,regnif gnibbulc tapadret ,nignid gnutnaj isatluksua ,simena avitgnujnok

,iridnes kudud nad parukgnet saib hadus ,hamel kapmat rebiaB iyaB .rumrum tapadret

adap nagnagepreb/utnabid nupiksem iridreb saib muleb ,retem 1 huajes kakgnarem asib

N :ngis latiV .amam atak nakpacugnem asib ,utauses 5,83 T ,tinem/x 54 RR ,tinem/x 531

GKE lisah ,”utapes“ narabmag aggnihes takgnaret gnutnaj skepa adad otoF lisah .C

,82,7 Hp ,%05 tirkotameH ,ld/g 61 bH :bal lisah ,nanak lekirtnev iportrepih tapadret

.gHmm 85 2OP ,gHmm 06 2OCp

EP GNAUR NAIJAKGNEP TAMROF KANA NATAWAR

atadoiB .I

.1 neilK satitnedI

naliggnap amaN/amaN .1 rebiaB .nA :

aisu/rihal lgt tapmeT .2 nalub 21 /atrakaJ :

nimalek sineJ .3 ikaL : - ikaL

a m a g A .4 malsI :

nakididneP .5 : -

tamalA .6 31 owaS nalaJ :

kusam lgT .7 1102 ieM 9 :

naijakgnep lgT .8 : 1102 ieM 9

kidem asongaiD .9 : tollaF fo igolarteT

iparet anacneR .01 : -

.2 aut gnarO satitnedI

hayA .1

a m a N .a : rebiaB .kpB

a i s U .b : nuhat 82

nakididneP .c : 3S

: nalisahgnep rebmus/naajrekeP .d nediserP

a m a g A .e : malsI

tamalA .f : atrakaJ

ubI .2

a m a N .a : rebiaB .yN

a i s U .b : nuhat 62

nakididneP .c : 2S

:nalisahgnep rebmuS/naajrekeP .d nesoD

amagA .e : malsI

tamalA .f : atrakaJ

gnudnaK araduaS satitnedI .C

oN .I A M A N A I S U NAGNUBUH NATAHESEK SUTATS

tikaS hamuR kusaM nasalA/amatU nahuleK .II

- awhab nakatagnem neilK agrauleK ,usus munim nad nakam tilus ,lewer neilK

signanem akij nauribek kapmat hajaw nad ,mamed ,kelip nad kutab ,kases

nataheseK tayawiR .III

.1 : gnarakeS nataheseK tayawiR

.a evitaillaP / evitacovorP

?aynnaklucnumem gnay apa ?alajeg nakbabeynem gnay apA gnay apA

?aynignarugnem

.b ytitnauQ / ytilauQ

ata ,aynnalipmat ,aynasar anamiagaB adna kana gnay namiagaB ?aynaraus u

?gnarakes nakasar

hibeL ?aynmulebes nakasarid gnay irad nagnir hibel uata harap

- k awhab nakatagnem neilk agrauleK hajaw ,mamed ,kelip nad kutab ,kases neil

auribek kapmat n signanem akij

.c isaidaR / oigeR

?rabeynem hakapA ?nakasarid alajeg anam naigab iD

- )nauribek nad kases( hajaw nad adad iD

.d )alacs( naharapeK / ytirevaS

?sativitka padahret aynhuragnep anamiagaB ?)alaks( aynsatisnetni anamiagaB

- 3 alaks nagned naklupmisid tapad aggnihes lewer neilK

.e utkaW / emiT

?aynidajret amal apareB ?aynidajret anamiagab nad lubmit ialum uti lah napaK

kerF ?isnew ?isaruD

.2 0 aisu kana kutnu susuhk( ulaL nataheseK tayawiR – )nuhat 5

.1 erac latanerP

.1 : nalimahek naaskiremeP ilak

.2 : limah amales nahuleK

.3 : tayawiR ( ranis anekret tabo iparet , )

.4 amales BB nakianeK limah gK

5. TT isasinumI ilak

.6 ubi harad nagnoloG , haya harad nagnoloG

.2 lataN

,a akrihalem tapmeT : n

.b srep sinej nad amaL : nanila

.c ilasrep gnoloneP : nan

.d : nanilasrep nakhadumem kutnu araC

.e rihal utkaw isakilpmoK :

.3 latan tsoP

.a : iyab isidnoK rihal BB 4.2 marg , BP mc

.b : imalagnem kana hakapA

¤ d hanrep gnay tikayneP : imalai

¤ malaid gnay naakaleceK : i

¤ nreP nanakam( : ha tabo , – natabo aimik isnatbus/taz, )elitxet

¤ noK tabo ismus - sabeb natabo

¤ araduas gnidnabid kana nagnabmekreP - araduas : ayn

isasinummI tayawiR

ON isasinummi sineJ nairebmep utkaW haletes iskaeR nairebmep

.1 GCB

.2 )III,II,I( TPD

.3 )VI,III,II,I( oiloP

.4 kapmaC

.5 sititapeH

.3 agrauleK nataheseK tayawiR

¤ : agraulek atoggna tikayneP

- itrepes alajeg imalagnem gnay gnudnak araduaS,aut gnarO agraulek atoggna hakadA

?neilk

- ?ada gnay nanurutek tikayneP

- ?laggninem babeyneP ?laggninem gnay agraulek atoggnA

¤ margoneG

4 gnabmeK hubmuT tayawiR .

.1 kisiF nahubmutreP aynnarumues nakgnidnabid tabmal gnurednec

.2 nadab tareB gk 7 :

.3 nadab iggniT ;

.4 W igig hubmut utka igig laggnaT ,nalub nuhat

.5 pahat paiT nagnabmekreP

taas kana aisU

.1 gnilugreB :

.2 kuduD :

.3 retem 1 huajes kakgnareM :

.4 iridreB nagnagepreb/utnabid nagned :

.5 nalajreb :

.6 muyneS : ilak amatrep nial gnaro adapek

.7 ilak amatrep aracib am - am :

.8 :nautnab apnat naiakapreB

5 isirtuN tayawiR .

.A ISA nairebmeP

: iususid ilak amatreP .1

signanem ilak paiteS : nairebmep araC .2 lawdajret ,

ep amaL .3 nairebm nuhat

.B alumrof usus nairebmeP

nairebmep nasalA .1 :

nairebmep halmuJ .2 :

nairebmep araC .3 :

.1 ini taas isirtun iapmas aisu pahat pait isirtun nahaburep aloP

aisU isirtuN sineJ nairebmeP amaL

.1 0 – naluB 4

.2 4 – naluB 21

.3 ini taaS

laisosokisP tayawiR .VI

iridnes hamur ,: id laggnit kana hakapA ¤ )V(

atok : id adareb nagnukgniL ¤ )V(

: taked hamur hakapA ¤

ayahabreb asib gnay aggnat ada hakapA ¤ hakapA, gnaur aynup kana

niamreb

sinomrah ; agraulek atoggna ratna nagnubuH ¤ )V( nahuajreb ,

aut gnarO : kana husagneP ¤ )V(

lautiripS tayawiR .V

: agraulek malad metsis troppuS ¤

: naamagaek nataigeK ¤

. IV iraheS sativitkA -H ira

.1 isirtuN

isidnoK tikaS mulebeS tikaS taaS

.1 nakam areleS

.2 nakam uneM

.3 nakam isneukerF

.4 nagnatnap nanakaM

.5 nakam alop nasatabmeP

kiaB

rubuB+isaN

x3

nakam tiluS

rubub+isaN

1- x2

.6 nakam araC

.7 nakam taas lautiR

.2 nariaC


.1 sineJ namunim

.2 munim isneukerF

.3 nariac nahutubeK

.4 aC nari nahunemep

usuS

lamroN

usuS

gnarukreB

.3 )KAB&BAB( isanimilE


: ) raseB riA gnauB( BAB

nagnaubmep tapmeT .1

.1 )utkaw( isneukerF

.2 isnetsisnoK

.3 natiluseK

.4 rahacnep tabO

KAB : )liceK riA gnauB(

.1 nagnaubmep tapmeT

.2 isnewkerF

.3 uaB nad anraW

.4 emuloV

.5 natiluseK

.4 rudit taharitsI


.1 rudit maJ

- gnaiS

- malaM

.1 rudit aloP

.2 rudit mulebes naasaibeK

.3 rudit natiluseK

.5 agaR halO


.1 agar halo margorP

.2 isneukerf nad sineJ

.3 halo haletes isidnoK

agar

.6 eneigyH lanosreP


.1 idnaM

- araC

- isneukerF

- idnam talA

.2 tubmar icuC

- isneukerF

- araC

.3 ukuk gnitnuG

- isneukerF

- araC

.4 igig kosoG

- isneukerF

- araC

.7 kisiF satiliboM/satifitkA


isasiliboM naupmameK

kisiF

kudud&parukgnet saib haduS

1 huajes kakagnarem ,iridnes

,iridreb asib muleb ,retem

amaM nakpacugnem asib

hamel kapmaN xK

.8 isaerkeR


.1 halokes taas naasareP

.2 gnaul utkaW

.3 haletes naasareP

isaerker

.4 glk gnaggnes utkaW

.5 rubil irah nataigeK

kisiF naaskiremeP .IIV

neilk mumu naadaeK .A 654 SCG MC naradasek ,hamel :

.B adnaT - lativ adnat

u h u S = : 63 =aynlamron ( tajared 5,83 - )tajared 5,73

i d a N = : ( tinem/x 531 aynlamron 2 – )tinem / x 061 < nalub 21

isaripseR = : ( tinem/x 54 aynlamron 2 – )tinem / x 05 < nalub 21

: harad nanakeT =

ortnA .C irtemop

nadaB iggniT = :

nadaB tareB = : )gk 01 = 4+ 2/21 = aynlamron ( gk 7

sata nagnel rakgniL = :

alapek rakgniL = :

adad rakgniL = :

turep rakgniL = :

dlof nikS = :

ot daeH IIIV eoT

.1 tubmar nad alapeK

nubu ,sirtemis kutneb : alapeK - lamron alapek tiluk ,lamron nubu

( uab ; lamron naadaek ,narabeynep :tubmaR - matih anraw ,)

gnojnol rutkurts ,signanem taas nauribek anraw ; hitup tiluk anraw :hajaW

.2 avitgnujnok ,sirtemis ,pakgnel : ataM (suretki=arelcs ,simena - rokosi lipup ,)

.3 kelip xk ; lamron gnipuc ,gnabul ,isan mutpes ,gnalut : gnudiH

.4 lamron naragnednep namajatek ,gnabul ,kutneb : agnileT

.5 lamron : gnirahP ,lisnoT ,hadiL ,igiG ,tuluM

.6 lamron : nakoroggneT nad reheL

.7 karoht uata adaD

meP urap naaskire - urap

,aenpsid nasapanrep ,sirtemis kutneb : iskepsnI

( naket ireyn ,gnabmies sutimerf lacov : isaplaP -)

: isukreP

: isatluksuA

gnutnaJ naaskiremeP

sidroc sutci : iskepsnI

sidroc sutci ,tauk isaslup : isaplaP

: isatluksuA rumrum

aaskiremeP nemodbA n

( assam ,kutneb : iskepsnI - sucilibmu ,)

: isatluksuA

neil ,rapeh ,seticsa ,assam ,naket ireyn : isaplaP

seticsa ,nemodba araus : isukreP

.8 lateleksolucsum / satimirtske naaskiremeP

satimirtske nanialeK nignid larka :

toto nataukeK neilk : hamel kapmat

regnif gnibbulC )+( :

.9 suna nad ailiteneg naaskiremeP

.01 tnemugetni naaskiremeP

tiluK w: signanem akij nauribek kapmat haja

llifer yrallipaC : .kited 4

larkA nignid :

)+( regnif gnibbulC

lateleksolucsuM naaskiremeP .11

igolorueN naaskiremeP .21

gnajnuneP naaskiremeP

)a :muirotarobal naaskiremeP

- bH ld/g61 : 01 : lamron ( - )ld/g 71

- tirkotameH %05 : 92 : lamron ( - )%45

- harad HP 82,7 : 53,7 :lamron( - )54,7

- Op 2 gHmm 85 : 08 :lamron( - )gHmm001

- OCp 2 gHmm 06 : 53 :lamron( - )gHmm54

)b nanak lekirtnev iportrepih aynada :GKE

)c utapes nraabmag itrepes aggnihes takgnaret gnutnaj skepa : igoloidaR

YAWHTAP LACINILC

A ATAD ASILAN

oN ataD igoloitE halasaMnatawarepeK

1 :sD - xk utrO

nakhulegnemkases kana

:oD

- xK lewer)hasileg(

- kapmat hajaW akij nauribek

signanem)sisonais(

- 82,7 Hp - gHmm06 2OCp - gHmm 85 2Op

amales negoske&negodne rotkaF rapapreTI retsemirt nalimahek - II

↓ )FOT( latinegnoK gnutnaJ nanialeK

↓ lanomluP sisonetS

↓ tareb >> iskurtsbO

↓ omlup ek retxeD.A irad 2OC ayak haraD

↓

↓ 2O isalitneV - uggnagret iloevla id 2OC

↓ 2OC aratna sag narakutrep tisifeD - id 2O

iloevla narbmem

↓ saG narakutreP nauggnaG

nauggnaGsaG narakutreP

2 :sD - neilk agrauleK

xK nakatagnemlewer

:oD - ifortrepih=GKE

nanak lekirtnev - araus

rum=gnutnaj -rum

- kapmat xKhamel

- kases kaman xK)aenpsid(

- kited 4=TRC - sisonais - kutab xk



↘↙ SVD lanomluP sisonetS

↙↘ nanakeT ik=ak lekirtnev kacnup kilotsis

↓ irik ek nanak uariP

↓ 2O nagnarukek hubut nagniraJ

↓ hubut isasnepmoK

→ takgninem idan tuyned

↓ >> idan tuyneD

↓ gnutnaj hayaP

↓ nanaK lekirtneV ifortrepiH

↓ gnutnaJ haruC nanuruneP

haruC nanurunePgnutnaJ

3 :sD

- xk agrauleK

xk nakatagnem

lewer

- xk agrauleK

xk naatagnem

nad nakam tilus

,usus munim

:oD

- tahilret neilk

hamel

- gk 7 BB BB(

em

,%02>↓ 01 :n

)gk

- ,kases

- kapmat hajaw

akij nauribek

signanem

)sisonais(

amales negoske&negodne rotkaF rapapreTnalimahek I retsemirt - II



↓ ↓ 2O haraD tareb >> iskurtsbO – rupmac 2OC

↓ irad 2OC ayak haraD

omlup ek retxeD.A hubut nurut

↓ 2O isalitneV - id 2OC

uggnagret iloevla

↓ gnarukreb harad malad 2O

↓ aimeskopih

↓ ialpuS taukedani nagniraj 2O

↓ hubut nahamelek

↓ halel tapec iyab )lld,ketenem(

↓ gnarukreb ekatnI

↓ sigoloib rotkaF

↓ nahutubek irad gnaruk isirtun nauggnag

isirtun nauggnaG irad gnaruk

nahutubek

oN ataD igoloitE halasaMnatawarepeK

4 : oD

- samel kapmaN xK

- asib muleb xK

nupiksem iridreb

nagnagepreb/utnabid

utauses adap




↓

↓ 2O haraD tareb >> iskurtsbO – 2OC

natabmalreteK

nad nahubmutrep

nagnabmekrep

rupmac

↓ irad 2OC ayak haraD

omlup ek retxeD.A hubut nurut

↓ 2O isalitneV - id 2OC

uggnagret iloevla

↓ gnarukreb harad malad 2O

↓ aimeskopih

↓ taukedani nagniraj 2O ialpuS

↓ hubut nahamelek

↓ rajaleb nad sativitkareb taas halel tapec iyab

↓ kisif naayadrebkaditek kefE

↓ nad nahubmutrep natabmalreteK

nagnabmekrep

NATAWAREPEK ISNEVRETNI

rebiaB iyaB : neilK amaN

tollaF fo igolarteT : sideM xD

1 isalitnev nahaburep d.b saG narakutreP nauggnaG . - ek narila nanurunep tabika isufrep

lanomluP

adnat nakkujnunem neilk ,isnevretni nakukalid haletes maj 42 x 1 malad : naujuT - adnat

gnarukreb tapad nagniraj isanegisko

airetirK :lisaH

- nakkujnuneM malad ADG nagned nagniraj isanegosko nad isalitnev nakiabrep

lamron gnatner

53,7 = Hp - 54,7

53 = 2OCp - gHmm 54

08=2Op - gHmm 001

- neilk kases edoirep nurunem

- gnarukreb neilk tiluk adap sisonais

ISNEVRETNI ANOISAR L

nad namaladek ,isneukerf ijaK

sapanreb nahadumek

tiluk anraw nahaburep ijaK ,

ukuk nad asokum enarbmem

sisonais padahret

latnem sutats ijaK

uynaB .hubut uhus isawA

kutnu nanamaynek nakadnit

nagned mamed naknurunem

nignid serpmok

raga agajnem kutnu nakisisoP

gnutnagret nasapanrep ssertsid isatsefinaM

sutats nad urap natabilretek tajared isakidni/adap

sek mumu natahe

uata iskirtnokosav nakkujnunem ukuk sisonaiS

,ligiggnem/mamed padahret hubut nopser

ratikes tiluk nad asokum enarbmem sisonais

kimetsis aimeskopih nakkujnunem tulum

kana adap lewer nad hasileG - nakkujnunem kana

s isanegosko nanurunep /aimeskopih larbere

nahutubek naktakgninem iggnit mameD

negisko nahutubek nad cilobatem

kadit sitirk tikaynep atirednem kana aneraK

akubret patet sapan nalaj

ISAROBALOK

,VTT tatek nagned uatnaP

sisonais nad tacup ,TRC,ADG

iauses negisko iparet nakireB

isakidni

gnay sapan nalaj naknahatrepmem tapad

taukeda

iparet narujnamek ijakgnem kutnU

08 aratnaid ada patet 2OaP agajneM - gHmm 001

.2 satilitkartnok ,daolretfa ,daolerp ,amari nahaburep d.b gnutnaJ haruC nanuruneP

tapad gnutnaj haruc nanurunep ,isnevretni nakukalid haletes maj 42 x 3 malad : naujuT

isataret

:lisaH airetirK

- c( kimanidomeH satilibats nakkujnuneM ,tuptuo caidrac ,erusserp doolb hotno

.)seslup larehpirep ,tuptuo yraniru

gHmm 08/021 DT

061< RH tinem/x

5,0 tuptuo nirU – gk/lm 2

1 TRC - kited 2

- gnalih neilk kases edoirep

- sisonais kapman kadit neilk

- hamel kapman kadit neilk

ISNEVRETNI AR LANOIS

araces DT ,RR ,idan isneukerf ijaK

.maj 4 paites rutaret

.gnutnaj iynub tataC

tiluk anraw nahaburep ijaK

.tacup nad sisonais padahret

paites tuptuo nad ekatni uatnaP

gnutnaj isalukris nahaburep aynada rotinomeM

.nikgnum inides

amari nahaburep aynada iuhategneM .gnutnaj

isufrep nanurunep aynada nakkujnunem tacuP

.gnutnaj haruc ayntaukeda kadit padahret refirep

iskurtsbo aynada tabika iagabes idajret sisonaiS

.lekirtnev adap harad narila

naknurunem kutnu nopsereb lajniG gnutnaj haruc

.maj 42

gnay taharitsi edoirep nakireB

apnat rudit edoirep nad gnires

nauggnag .

nad nagnukgnil uhus iradniH

nagned mertske gnay hubut

nignid serpmok nairebmep

areges nagned snopsereB

iserpske uata nasignat padahret

ssertsid irad nial

nariac iskudorp nahanem nagned .muirtan nad

rudit nad iadamem gnay taharitsI nakulrepid

gnutnaj iskartnok isneisife ikiabrepmem kutnu

ajrek nad 2O ismusmok naknurunem nad

nahibelreb

2O nahutubek naktakgninem tapad imretrepiH

uhus naknurunem tapad nignid serpmok nad

hubut

tapad iyab adap nahibelreb gnay isomE

babeynem ,tiakret gnay iskirtnokosav

naktakgninem nad harad nanaket naktakgninem

gnutnaj ajrek /isneukerf

.3 tabika sigoloib rotcaf d.b hubuT nahutubeK irad gnaruK : isirtun nagnabmieskaditeK

,gnaruk ekatni laedi nadab tareb hawab id %02 irad hibel BB

nagned munim nad nakam ,isnevretni nakukalid haletes maj 42 x 7 malad : naujuT

lamron BB ujunem takgninem kajnareb nadab tareb nad taukeda

:lisaH airetirK

- iyaB rumu nagned iauses BB nahabmanep nakkujnunem

gk01 = 4+2:21

- usus munim nad nakam isnarelot natakgnineP

- nakaidesid gnay nakam isrop naksibahgnem tapad kanA

- bH,nimublA .isirtunlam adnat nakkujnunem kadit bal lisaH

- ada kadit hatnum lauM

ISNEVRETNI LANOISAR

araces tuptuo nad ekatni ijaK

taruka .

gnires ipat tikides nakam nakireB

nahamelek ignarugnem kutnu

sativitka nagned nakiausesid

nakanuggnem ( nakam amales

)niamreb iparet

kutnu tulum natawarep nakireB

kana nakam usfan naktakgninem

nakireB idajret alib kokgnoj isisop

nakam taas adap sisonais

igab tubmel gnay tod nakanuG

id taharitsi utkaw nakireb nad iyab

nakam ales

gnay alumrof nakireB

gnay iggnit irolak gnudnagnam

nahutubek nagned nakiauses

usfan gnurednec FOT nauggnag nagned kanA

hamel hubut tabika nurunem nakam

ignarugnem gnires isneukerf ngd tikides nakaM

.nakam kutnu nakhutubid gnay negisko halmaj

hibel xk taubnem aguj nakam taas niamreb ipareT

skelir

hisreb gnay hadil nad tulum naadaeK

,hadil malad nanakam asar naktakgninem

nakam usfan nakatakgninem aggnihes

M iser naktakgnine kimetsis harad hulubmep isnets

naka ini laH .tapilret gnay silaromef iretra anerak

nem tnuhs tfel ot thgir naktakgni awabmem nad

nak lekirtnev irad harad kaynab hibel malad ek na

urap - urap

tubmel gnay toD kutnu iyab nakhadumem

utkaw aynada nad ,lotob irad usus pasihgnem

nakanugid gnay ygrene ignarugnem taharitsi

nakam kutnu

kutnu hibel gnay ygrene akirebmem iggnit irolaK

sativitkareb malad rages hibel neilk taubmem

.4 nad nahubmutreP natabmalreteK kisif naayadrebkaditek kefe d.b nagnabmekreP

iauses naupmamek natakgninep ,isnevretni nakukalid haletes maj42x malad : naujuT

nalub 21 aisu kopmolek nasatab nagned

: lisaH airetirK

- nad ,laisos ,kirotom naupmamek natakgninep nakkujnuneM nalipmartek

: nalub 21 kopmolek aisu sahk gnay fiserpske

iridreb isisop ek aynnadab takgnagnagneM

isruk id nagnagepreb/kited 03 amales nalajreb tapaD

nutnutid nagned nalajreb tapaD

knigniid gnay naniam hiarem kutnu nadab/nagnel nakrulugneM na

lisnep tare maggnegneM

tulum malad ek adneb nakusameM

ragnedid gnay iynub nakurinem gnalugneM

2 naktubeyneM - itra apnat amas gnay atak ukus 3

ajas apa hutneynem nigni ,uhat nigni ,ratikes isarolpskegneM

aB kuL iC niamreb gnaneS

,agraulek atoggna lanegneM lanekid muleb gnay gnaro adap tukat

- fles nakanaskaL - nailadnegnep sativitka nad erac - 21 rumu nagned iauses irid

nalub

- rumu iauses naruku haraek ujam nahubmutrep satilibats nakkujnuneM

ISNEVRETNI LANOISAR

tatac nad rukU nad nahubmutrep

utkaw ek utkaw irad BB gnabmit

nad BB kutnu naparah nakutneT

laedi gnay iggnit

takgnit tajared tataC

iagabreb udividni nagnapmiynep

ihuragnepmem nalipmartek

,kirotom sativitka ,aracibreb (

tawarep nad laicos a )irid n

utnabmeM kutnu siparet

gnay sidem isidnok iskerognem

irasadnem

ilha ,retkod nagned mas ajrekeB

kutnu nial gnay silaiseps nad izig

anacner nagnabmegnep

natawarep

,naadaek isasilaer naksaleJ

nagned rumu aratna nagnubuh

,lamron nagnabmekrep alop

nagnapmiynep hakapa

p nagnabmekrep nad nahubmutre

.reropmet uata nenamrep naka

rasad nakaideyneM - kutnu rasad

sativitkefe nad iparet sinej nakutnenem

nakirebid naka gnay iparet

nakutnenem kutnu narukugneP

aiuses nahubmutrep laedi tradnats

ini lah ,nimalek sinej nad aisu nagned

takgnit tajared nakutnenem kutnu

nahubmutrep nagnapmiynep

nahubmutrep isaulave rasad iagabeS

kutnu nad nagnabmekrep nad

neilk naujamek narukugnep

sesorp kutnu rasad naklisahgneM

nad nahubmutrep isarotser

lamron hibel gnay nagnabmekrep

renilpisiditlum miT naknikgnumem

anacner nafitkefeek naktakgninep

neilk nahutubek iauses natawarep

kutnu napugggnasek natakgnineP

isnevretni gnukudnem kutnu agraulek

sutats nagned iauses naarahilemep nad

.kana natahesek

AKATSUP RATFAD

nahusA .9002 .firA,niqattuM nauggnaG nagned neilK adap natawarepeK

akideM abmelaS : atrakaJ .igolotameH nad raluksavoidraK

.7002 ,IR sekpeD hulubmeP naD gnutnaJ tikayneP nailadnegneP namodeP

haraD IR seKpeD :atrakaj

.5002 .nosrednA aivlyS,ecIrP sesorP sinilK pesnoK : igoloisifotaP -P sesor

tikayneP CGE : atrakaJ .

.5991.K drawdE,gnuhC raluksavoidraK tikayneP sitkarP nutnuneP CGE:atrakaJ .

8991. lla te ,M.S ,rekcuT ,natawarepeK sesorP : neisaP natawareP radnatS

isaulavE naD sisongaiD GCE :atrakaJ ,V isidE ,

,1991,mukraM H.A rajA ukuB kanA nataheseK umlI :atrakaJ,1 dilij, satlukaF

IU naretkodek

,5002,S naibuR,R hadne irS,M gnabmaB adap gnutnaJ tikayneP nanagnaneP

kanA nad iyaB

,1002,adnyL.J otinepraC natawarepeK asongaiD CGE,atrakaJ,8iside,

,8991,C nidlareG orbmoloC tnetnoC eroC cirtaideP tA -A- ecnalG ttocnippiL, -

kroY weN,aihpledallihP

.)0002( .E nilyraM ,seogneoD .natawarepeK isatnemukoD naD nahusA anacneR

atrakaJ .CGE 3 isidE

.7991.haitsagN tikaS kanA natawareP CGE,atrakaJ ,

.2991 ,nosleN kana nataheseK umlI CGE ,atrakaJ,

91 ,M asoR,nirahcaS .69 kirtaideP natawarepeK pisnirP isidE II , CGE,atrakaJ

.6991 ,bahaW kimaS sadaN kana igoloidraK , adaM hajdaG: atrakaygoY

sserP ytisrevinunU

,4991.gnabmaB & odgiduS kanA igoloidrak rajA ukuB :atrakaJ , IADI

,)3991( notxA sinnE,norahS aideP P eraC cirt snal , ainrofilaC : mmuC gihsilbuP gni

ynapmoC

,5991 ,gnoW dna yelahW gnisruN cirtaideP fo laitnessE .vC, ybsoM : otnoroT

ynapmoC

konsep-askep tetralogi of fallot

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