konstruksi jalan
DESCRIPTION
2002 Pavement DesignTRANSCRIPT
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2002 Pavement Design
Federal Highway AdministrationJune 2001
Thomas P. HarmanAsphalt Team Leader
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Predicting Pavement Performance
� Pavements are designed to fail
� But how do they perform?
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Defining Performance
� Structural vs. functional� Structural: load carrying capacity� Functional: ride quality and safety
� Associated failures� Load: caused by traffic� Non-load: caused by climate, materials,
and construction
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Performance Modeling
Input DataInput Data
EnvironmentalEffectsModels
EnvironmentalEffectsModels
PavementResponse
Model
PavementResponse
ModelDistressModel
DistressModel
PerformancePredictions
PerformancePredictions
Material Characterization ModelMaterial Characterization Model
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Our Project
� State of Confusion� 10 mile section� 36 feet wide
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Our Project
� Materials� Environment� Traffic� Modeling� Performance Prediction
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Material Characterization
Input DataInput Data
EnvironmentalEffectsModels
EnvironmentalEffectsModels
PavementResponse
Model
PavementResponse
ModelDistressModel
DistressModel
PerformancePredictions
PerformancePredictions
Material Characterization ModelMaterial Characterization Model
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Materials
� 2 layer system
Glooptonyte
Base
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Materials Characterization
� Response to. . . Load
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Materials Characterization
� Response to. . .Load,Temperature
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Materials Characterization
� Response toLoad,Temperature,Moisture
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Materials Characterization
� Response toLoad,Temperature,Moisture, &Time.
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Glooptonyte
� All Glooptonyte is the same� It is homogeneous, isotropic, and elastic� It is not effected by moisture� It is not effected by time
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Glooptonyte
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 2 4 6
Strain (Length/Length)
Str
ess
(Loa
d/Are
a)20°C
0°CE
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Material Characterization Model
� Modulus, E = Stress / Strain� Predictive Model
� Strain = Stress / E
� Does our model work? 0
20
40
60
80
100
0 2 4 6
StrainStr
ess
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Environmental Effects
Input DataInput Data
EnvironmentalEffectsModels
EnvironmentalEffectsModels
PavementResponse
Model
PavementResponse
ModelDistressModel
DistressModel
PerformancePredictions
PerformancePredictions
Material Characterization ModelMaterial Characterization Model
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Glooptonyte
0
5
10
15
20
25
0°C 20°C
Temperature
Mod
ulus
, E
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Environmental Effects Model
� Modulus, E = 20 � 0.5 (T)
� T is the temperature in °C
� Does our model work?05
10152025
0°C 20°C
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Testing the Model
0
5
10
15
20
25
0°C 10°C 20°C
Temperature
Mod
ulus
, E
� E = 20 � 0.5 (T)
� At T = 10°C
� E predicted = ?
16
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Inputs
Input DataInput Data
EnvironmentalEffectsModels
EnvironmentalEffectsModels
PavementResponse
Model
PavementResponse
ModelDistressModel
DistressModel
PerformancePredictions
PerformancePredictions
Material Characterization ModelMaterial Characterization Model
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Environmental Conditions
-10
0
10
20
30
Winter Spring Summer Fall
Season
Tem
pera
ture
, °C
Pavement
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Environmental Effects Model
0
5
10
15
20
25
Winter Spring Summer Fall
Gloo
pton
yte
Mod
ulus
, E E = 20 � 0.5 (T)E = 20 � 0.5 (T)
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Traffic
� No more ESAL�s� Traffic input by
� Vehicle type� Axle weight
� Load Spectra
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Traffic Conditions
� State of Confusion� Unicycles only� Two loadings
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Traffic Conditions
� Category A Unicycle� Load, P 750 lbs� Pressure, p 60 psi� Contact, a 2 in
� Category B Unicycle� Load, P 1250 lbs� Pressure, p 100 psi� Contact, a 2 in
a, contact radius p = P / ( п r2 )
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Traffic Conditions
� Category A� AADT 600,000
� Category B� AADT 400,000
0.00.20.40.60.81.01.2
1 2 3 4 5
Time, years
AADT, (m
illions
)
Total
Cat A
Cat B
No Anticipated GrowthNo Anticipated Growth
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Design Life
� 20 years� Total anticipated traffic:
� Category A = 12 million� Category B = 8 million� TOTAL = 20 million
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Pavement Response
Input DataInput Data
EnvironmentalEffectsModels
EnvironmentalEffectsModels
PavementResponse
Model
PavementResponse
ModelDistressModel
DistressModel
PerformancePredictions
PerformancePredictions
Material Characterization ModelMaterial Characterization Model
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Pavement Response
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To Load
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Pavement Response Tools
� Analytical solutions (e.g. Burmister)� Multi-layer elastic theory� Finite element analysis
� 2D, 3D� Hybrid methods
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Analytical Solution(Burmister)
� Assumptions � µ = 0.5 (Poisson�s ratio)� E BASE = 1/10 E Glooptonyte
Surface deflection = 1.5 p a F2E BASE
F2 = f (a, E2 / E1, t1 )F2 = f (a, E2 / E1, t1 )
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Burmister
� Glooptonyte, t = 8 inches� Category A Unicycle, p = 60 psi, a = 2� Summer time, T = 20°C
� E1 = 20 � 0.5 (T) = 10 ksi� E2 = 1/10 E1 = 1 ksi = 1000 psi� F2 = f (a, E2 / E1, t1 ) = 0.20 (from a Table)
Surface Deflection = 0.04�Surface Deflection = 0.04�
1.5 p a F2E BASE
1.5 p a F2E BASE
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Pavement Sections
4 inches4 inches
8 inches8 inches6 inches6 inches
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Pavement Response Model
δ4� = 0.09δ6� = 0.075δ8� = 0.06
δ4� = 0.06δ6� = 0.05δ8� = 0.04
10 / 1Summer / Fall (Tp = 20°C)
δ4� = 0.045δ6� = 0.038δ8� = 0.03
δ4� = 0.03δ6� = 0.025δ8� = 0.02
20 / 2Winter / Spring (Tp = 0°C)
Category Bp = 100 psi
Category Ap = 60 psi
E1 / E2
psiSeason
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Distress
Input DataInput Data
EnvironmentalEffectsModels
EnvironmentalEffectsModels
PavementResponse
Model
PavementResponse
ModelDistressModel
DistressModel
PerformancePredictions
PerformancePredictions
Material Characterization ModelMaterial Characterization Model
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Glooptonyte
� Only fails in rutting
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Pavement Distress Model
� Empirical� Mechanistic� Mechanistic-Empirical
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Empirical Model
PavementResponse
PavementResponse
TrafficLoadingTraffic
LoadingPavement
PerformancePavement
Performance
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Empirical Model
� Log ( δP / δB ) = C1 + C2 Log (N)
� Where:� δP , Permanent deformation� δB , Burmister deflection� C1 and C2, Constants (-3.1, 0.5)� N, load applications
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Performance Criteria
� What is acceptable performance?
� Rutting < 0.3 inches
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Performance Prediction
Input DataInput Data
EnvironmentalEffectsModels
EnvironmentalEffectsModels
PavementResponse
Model
PavementResponse
ModelDistressModel
DistressModel
PerformancePredictions
PerformancePredictions
Material Characterization ModelMaterial Characterization Model
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Empirical Model
Session Cat t δ B N design δ P W / S A 4 0.030 6,000,000 0.06S / F A 4 0.060 6,000,000 0.12W / S B 4 0.045 4,000,000 0.07S / F B 4 0.090 4,000,000 0.14
0.39Log ( δP / δB ) = C1 + C2 Log (N)Log ( δP / δB ) = C1 + C2 Log (N)
RuttingRutting
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Performance Prediction
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
2 4 6 8 10
Glooptonyte Thickness, inches
Rutt
ing,
inc
hes
Prediction
Criterion
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Performance Prediction
Input DataInput Data
EnvironmentalEffectsModels
EnvironmentalEffectsModels
PavementResponse
Model
PavementResponse
ModelDistressModel
DistressModel
PerformancePredictions
PerformancePredictions
Material Characterization ModelMaterial Characterization Model
8”
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Models Calibration
� Log ( δP / δB ) = β1 C1 + β2 C2 Log (N)
� Where:� β1 , β2 calibration factors
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Models Calibration
Predicted Performance
Mea
sure
d Pe
rfor
man
ce
* *
*
**
*
*
*
**
**
* **
*
β1 , β2β1 , β2
National Then LocalNational Then Local
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Performance Modeling
Input DataInput Data
EnvironmentalEffectsModels
EnvironmentalEffectsModels
PavementResponse
Model
PavementResponse
ModelDistressModel
DistressModel
PerformancePredictions
PerformancePredictions
Material Characterization ModelMaterial Characterization Model
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Thank You