October,2012

Korea’s ICT and Role of e-Govt

Sangmyung University

Prof. K.Y. Bae

Contents

II.

I.

History of Korea’s e-Government

Introduction to e-Government

III. Key National ICT Projects

IV. Korea’s National ICT Policy in Brief

I. Introduction to e-Government

What is e-Government?

The application of ICT in interactions between

• Government and Citizens

• Government and Businesses

• Government and Employees

• Government and Government

to simplify and improve democratic, government and

business aspects of Governance.

Publish Interact Transact Integrate Transform

Information

available

online

Two-way

communication Transaction

handled

online

Process,

system and

organisational

integration

Entirely new

services

delivered cross-

agency through

a centralised

enterprise portal

1/44

Definition

optimizing business process’, or ‘government service

provision through the Internet’

Recently, ‘government business processes, services,

and political participation of citizens’ (e-democracy)

2/44

OECD on e-Government

• The use of information and communication

technologies, and particularly the Internet, as a tool

to achieve better government

• e-Government is more about government than

about ‘e’. ICT does not improve government on

its own, but needs a coordinated effort

across all of government to integrate ICT as a

component of government modernization and reform.

3/44

e-Government Concept

e-Government

e-Shopping e-Education

e-Business

e-Leisure

e-Work

Better Society

e-Society Better Government

4/44

Benefits of e-Government

• Self Service

• Better Access

• Location independant

• Immediate Service and Results

• Citizen Focused

• Better, Faster & Cheaper

• Customized Services

• Better and faster delivery of Service

• Improved interaction with Citizens,

Employees & Businesses

• Citizen Empowerment through access to

information

• Efficient Government management

• Bridges the digital divide

• Government closer to citizens

Better informed,

connected citizens

Stronger society Stronger economy

Increased

productivity

Awareness

Govt Online

Vital in Knowledge based

economy

5/44

e-Government Service

Entrepreneurs Citizens

Central Gov’t Local Gov’t

Government Portal Site (www.egov.go.kr)

Information

Sharing Electronic Document

Interchange System

High Speed

Networks

-Small, Efficient, and Transparent Government-

Internet Access to Gov’t Services

6/44

e-Government Service

Government and Government agencies

Birth Education

Health

Sports

Marriage

Job

………………………

… ………………………

…

Travel Death

Government

Enterprise

portal

Government

Enterprise

portal

Incorporation Finance

Imp/Exp Vehicle

Financial services

…………………………

…………………………

……

Liquidation

Legal Person database Central population database

Company registration database

Citizens Businesses

Citizens Businesses

7/44

II. History of Korea’s e-Government

Selection of Projects

BPR/ISP System

Establishment System

Integration

Delivery of Integrated Services

e-Government Projects

4 Domains of

Innovation

Implemen

tation

9/44

Innovating service delivery

Innovating the way government works

Innovating information resource management

Reforming the e-government legal system

Alignment of laws related to e-gov

Domain Agenda

Alignment of rules and laws

Innovation of the ways government works (G2G)

Innovation in delivering service to citizens(G2C, G2B)

Innovation in management of information resources

1

2

3

Expansion of e-filing & e-process

Sharing of administrative information

Restructuring of work process

4

5

6

Upgrading service to citizens

Upgrading service to enterprises

Promotion of e-participation

7

8

9

Integration and standardization of information resources Strengthening of information security Strengthening of information personnel

10

e-Government Projects

10/44

Urgent

Important Agenda Projects

2. Finance system for national and local gov

3. e-gov system for all local government

4. Electronic auditing system

5. Information system for e-parliament

6. Integrated system for crimminal cases

7. Integrated system for gov personnel

1. Electronization of document processing

10. Promotion of information sharing in public sector

11. Development of business reference modle(BRM)

8. Information system for foreign affair and trade

9. Monitoring system of national agendas

Innovation

of the ways

government

works (G2G)

Expansion of e-filing & e-

process

Sharing of administrative information

Restructuring of work process

e-Government Projects

11/44

Agenda

Innovation in

delivering

service to

citizens(G2C)

Projects

13. Integrated management of national disaster

14. Integration of house and land registration

15. Upgrading national online tax service

16. Integrated national welfare services

17. System of managing of food and drug

12. Upgrading internet based civil appealing

19. Internet service on administrative litigation

18. System for employment and job recruiting

21. National system for logistics

22. Single window for e-trade

23. Support system for foreigners

20. Single window for supporting enterprises

24. International cooperation of e-gov

25. Extension of online civil participation Promotion of

e-participation

Upgrading

services to

citizens

Upgrading

services to

enterprises

e-Government Projects

12/44

Agenda Projects

26. Integration of all government data center

28. Applying pan government ITA

27. Upgrading e-gov network infrastructure

Integration and standardization of information

resources

29. Upgrading of information security system Strengthening of

information security

30. Support personnel and administrative

resources for e-gov

Strengthening of information personnel

31. Amendment or enacting of new laws

and rules

Alignment of laws related to

e-govt

Innovation in

Information

Resource

Management

Alignment of rules and

laws

e-Government Projects

13/44

Fund : Informatization Promotion Fund

10 years of continuous investment into informatization

The ministry in charge of e-Government - Ministry of Public Security and

Administration (MOPAS) sets aside a separate budget(150 M USD) for inter-

governmental projects involving multiple ministries (prevents duplicated

investment and carries out inter-governmental projects effectively)

(Unit: M USD)

2002 2005

2010

2011

Budget 1,215.5 2,027.2 2,220.3 2,194.8

Fund 705.3 878.0 1,089.2 1,107.5

Total 1,920.8 2,905.2 3,309.5 3,302.3

14/44

Present Example

Websites/Portals of Government

Organizations

National Portal

<- single window

Integration of Websites of Ministries and Agencies

Improvement of homepages providing civil services

Increasing Use of ‘e-People’ Portal

Expanding Government Integrated Call Centers

Facilitating Use of Policy Portal

Promoting the Sharing of National Resources

Expanding Shared Services with Private Sector

- including National Police Agency , Public Procurement Service, etc.

UDDI Pilot Project under operation

-95 registered (as of August 2009)

No. of service-providing

organizations and usage base expanded

Websites of central administrative

bodies integrated (682)

SOA

RSS

OpenAPI

Mashup Text mining

UCC

Web 2.0

Services transformed into user-oriented, two-way shared and open services based on Web2.0

Operation of Channels for Citizen

Participation

※ UDDI: universal description, discovery,

and integration

15/44

Future

Web 2.0

Sub-Portals for Understanding KOR Sub-Portals for e-Government

Power Search

Provide easy and fast search for information

Citizen Communication Services

Provide a “floor for communication” with citizens

Customized / Specialized Services

Realize smart and convenient daily lives for citizens

Government Portal

Citizens

Korea.net (General

PR)

VisitKorea (Tourism)

Invest Korea (Investment)

Other Websites in English

Local Govt’s

(PR,Tourism)

Specialized portals and websites of central ministries, local governments and other public

agencies

Government

Korea Publicity Services

Establish a PR framework for better national image and brand value

Services of General Administrative Affairs and Government Information Provision

Provide services that bring hopes and convenience to citizens

http://www.korea.go.kr

On-line survey

Wiki - National Information Proposals of Policy Ideas

Public opinions Wiki administrative services

On-line discussion Forum

16/44

III. Key National ICT Projects

Ⅲ. eGovernment in Korea e-Government in Korea

18/44

Ⅲ. eGovernment in Korea e-Government in Korea

Technology & Communications Infrastructure

Trust- Privacy & Security

G2C G2B G2E G2G

e-Government

19/44

e-Government Vision

20/44

Supported by Gov.

(Avg. 27%)

Paid by public org.

(Avg. 33%) Specia

l Rate

For

Public o

rg.

Discount to public Org.

(Avg. 40%)

Norm

al serv

ice r

ate

Reimbursement of Government

Support

Deposited into Special account

Supported by Gov

Paid

Rate

※ Reimbursement System -Subscribed Rate: The contracted rate between the government and providers. Usually avg. 40% discount for conventional public rate. - Paid rate : The actual amount paid for telecom service by public org. - Supported by Gov. : The amount supported by the government for each subscriber's telecom

service, it is reimbursement for government funding on infrastructure development

Some investment cost for infrastructure was supported by the government budget and given to the providers (KT and Dacom). The providers repaid it through the discount of telecom service fee to public org. (The facilities left after the service becomes the possession of the provider)

Funding System for Infrastructure

Operational System

22/44

KII-Backbone: Nationwide Optical

Backbone Connect all 144 call

zones in 2000

Investment : 437 Million USD

(1995~2000)

STM + ATM + Internet

Provide broadband services to

Government & public institutions

37,036 lines to 30,820

institutions (June, 2004)

Connected all schools(Dec., 2000)

안양여주

○성산포

의정부

안산

고양

구리

김포

가평

광주

이천

성남

용인

평택

화성

포천

연천

철원

파주

양평

안성

화천양구

강릉

인제

양양

속초

홍천

원주

횡성

영월

평창

태백

삼척

동해정선

제천

단양

충주

음성

괴산진천

보은

옥천

영동

천안아산

예산

당진

서산

홍성

보령청양

공주

부여

서천 논산금산

연기

상주

김천

구미왜관

성주

고령청도

경주

포항영천

영덕

군위

의성청송

영양

울진

울릉

안동

영주봉화

예천

문경

울산

양산밀양

창녕

거창

합천함양

산청

함안

진주

의령

하동

남해

사천

고성

통영거제

진해

김해

익산

군산

김제

부안

정읍

고창순창

남원

임실

장수

진안

무주

장성영광

담양

함평

무안

목포

나주

영암

강진

해남진도

완도

장흥

보성

고흥

화순

여수

광양

순천

구례

곡성

인천

서울

수원

춘천

청주

대전

전주

광주

제주

부산마산

대구

범 례

노드 (12)

접속점(132)

622M - 5Gbps

155M - 622Mbps

17

23/44

Rural Connectivity in Korea

Broadband internet is available in 99% of rural household

99.5% :xDSL 0.5% : Satellite

For local towns and small villages with more than 50 households

( in terms of main telephone line subscribers),

xDSL is serviced by major ISP(KT)

In some countries, Under Serviced Area Licenses, USAL,

however in Korea major operator KT do this project

But for local towns less than 50 household,

Government assistance with matching fund

(ISP: 50%, central government : 25%, local governments :25%)

We achieved 100 % of rural to be connected to Broadband at 2008

24/44

Basic Research

Financial Support

Service Spec Determination

Legal System

Pilot Project Launch License Approval

Competition Policy

Frequency Allocation

International Cooperation

Service Business Planning

R&D Activity

Infrastructure Investment

Job Creation

Cost Reduction

Mass Production

Global Marketing & Export

Government

Fair Competition

IPR Protection

Conflict Arbitration

Product/Technology Development

Pilot Production

IP Creation

Private

Human Resource Development

National IR

Global Standardization

Application & Solution

Reinvestment for Next Growth Engine

Government Roles in IT Industry Development

25/44

8 Services

WiBro Service

DMB Service

Home N/W Service

Telematics Service

RFID-based Service

W-CDMA Service

Terrestrial DTV

Internet Telephony

Broadband Convergence Network

Ubiquitous Sensor Network

Next Generation Internet Protocol [IPv6]

3 Infrastructure

Mobile Telecomm Handset & Equipment

Digital TV

& Broadcasting devices

Home Network Devices

IT System-on Chip

Next Generation PC

Embedded SW

Digital Contents & SW Solutions

Telematics Devices

Intelligent Service Robot

9 Products Service

Infrastructure

Product

IT839 Strategy

IT Policy of Korea : IT839 (1)

26/44

Infrastructure

Service Product

8 Services

HSDPA/W-CDMA Service

WiBro Service

Broadband Convergence

DMB/DTV Service

u-Home Service

Telematics/

Location-based Service

RFID/USN Application

IT Service

Broadband Convergence Network

u-Sensor Network

Software Framework

3 Infrastructure

Mobile Telecom/Telematics Devices

Broadband/Home NW Devices

Digital TV/Broadcasting Devices

NG Computing/Peripherals

Intelligent Service Robot

IT SoC/Convergence/Parts

RFID/USN Devices

Embedded SW

Digital Contents/SW Solution

9 Products

IT839 Strategy(Revised)

IT Policy of Korea : IT839 (2)

27/44

National Initiative for IT training for the Population

• Ministries are working together to achieve the national goal of building a

nation with the people of high capacity for information utilization

- Participating Ministries: Ministry of Information and Communication, Ministry of

Justice, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry of Maritime Affairs and

Fisheries, Ministry of National Defense, Ministry of Government Affairs and

Home Administration, Ministry of Labor, Ministry of Education, Ministry of

Planning and Budget

Strategy for Implementation (1)

- MHW is providing training opportunities to the disabled in association

with MoL and MIC

Example

28/44

National Initiative for IT training for the Population

Strategy for Implementation (2)

• Not only public educational institutions but also private training centers

are participating in National IT Education Project to cultivate IT enabled

people

- Make full use of training facilities through cooperation between public

and private educational institutions

- Support private computer learning centers to develop curriculums

specifically designed to meet the demand of different social group

• Adopt a variety of education methods by utilizing broadcasting media

such as TV, CATV, satellite broadcasting, and the new media, such

as Internet

- Provide special training opportunities at individual residence to people

unable to visit training sites due to their social and economic conditions

29/44

•Raise awareness on Informatization

• Present IT guidelines appropriate to their level

•Business process software for SMBs

• For businesses looking to integrate their system

• Informatizing the work process in the factory

• External expansion of Informatization

Pre-Consulting

for Informatization

Basic Business

Software

ERP

Manufacturing

Process

Informatization

Collaborative

Informatization

30,000 SMB Informatization Project

30/44

31/44

IV. Korea’s National ICT Policy in Brief

Korea’s Progress in Informatization & IT Industry

Poor Telec. Infra. (~early 80)

Basis of Information Society

(’80~early ’90)

Competition Among Telecom Operators Immediate Installation of Voice Call Service 1st & 2nd Rounds of National Back-bone

N/W Building Project Dev. & Distribution of Home-grown TDX and

Host Computers

7% Teledensity (100% Dependency on Imported Equipments) Poor Informatization

Towards the 21st Century IT Leader

32/44

Korea’s Progress in Informatization & IT Industry

Push for Informatizaiton

(mid ’90)

Informatization for New Take-Off (late’90~’02)

Basic Plan For the 1st & 2nd Informatization Promotion Implementation of

11 Tasks of e-Gov. Development of ADSL,

Digital TV, TFT-LCD Tech.

Competition among Carriers Informatization Promotion Act

Dev. of CDMA Tech.

Implementation of 31 Tasks of e-Gov

Towards the 21st Century IT Leader

Informatization across the Nation

(’03~

33/44

Information sharing by Government Institutions

34/44

Ⅲ. eGovernment in Korea

Achievement

Expansion of Internet use (e-banking, e-commerce, etc.)

Intensive investment on ICT infrastructure and establishment of a national base for online processing of public administration

Contribution of ICT industry development (semiconductors, mobile handsets, etc.) to economic growth

Citizen

Government

Business

35/44

Key Success Factors 1

Legal Framework

Law on Expansion of Telecom Facilities– 1979

▶ Issue Telegraph & Telephone Bonds

Telecommunications Basic Act – 1983 ▶ Introduce the Concept of the Information Society and Information & Communications

▶ Draw Up Policy, Promote the IT Industry, Develop Technologies, Foster H/R

Informatization Promotion Basic Act – 1995 ▶ Set out Informatization Promotion Basic Plan

▶ Create an Information Implementation Committee

Law on the Use and Promotion of Information and Telecommunications Network - 1986 ▶ Facilitate the Dev. of National Back-bone N/W and Set Up a Nationwide N/W Council

36/44

Key Success Factors 2

Appropriate Framework for Policy-Push

Reorganize the Gov. Body

▶ Set Up Communications Policy Bureau in 1982 ▶ Create Communications Policy Office in 1991& Information and Communication Bureau (Responsible for IT)

▶ Establish Ministry of Information & Communication in 1994

▶ Set up Information Planning Office in 1996

Support Wings(R & D, Implementing Projects, Think Tank)

▶ICC(’84) ▶ETRI(’85) ▶KISDI(’87) ▶NCA(’87) ▶KISA(’96) ▶KIPA(’98)

Implementation Framework

corresponding to the Knowledge & Information-based Society 37/44

Key Success Factors 3

▶ Development in ’70 : Upgrade Telecommunications Facilities ▶ ’80 : Nationwide Automatic Telephones , Open the Era of One Tele. Per Household

▶ Mid ’90 : Rolling Out Broadband N/W

▶ ’98~ ’02 : Make Korea the Most Computer Literate Country

▶ Develop Technology & Promote the Industry (TDX/CDMA/ADSL etc.)

▶ Build Back-bone & Broadband N/Ws

Strong Commitment of the Top-Policy Maker

▶ Enthusiastic for Education, Receptive to New Tech. & Equip.

▶ Cultural Characteristics for Racing Ahead

▶ Intensively Invest in Strategic Items (B/B Internet, CDMA)

▶ Expand e-Commerce & Apply IT to the Conventional Industries

Gov.

Enterprises

Individuals

Policy-led Changes & the Private Sector’s Swift Reaction

38/44

Key Success Factors 4

Bold Policy Decision for R &D and Investment

Locally Developed TDX (‘82~’91) – R&D Investment (142 M USD)

Home-grown Host Computers (‘87~’91: Host Com. I, II, III, IV)-R&D

(63.5 M USD)

Broadband N/W Project (’95~ 2005) - Investment (17.14 B USD) (Gov.: 1.12 B USD)

Develop & Commercialize CDMA System (’90~’96) - R&D (99.6 M USD)

39/44

Key Success Factors 5

Balanced Development in Informatization(Demand) & IT Industry(Supply)

Govt. Strong Policy Drive

Expand Wire & Wireless Telephone, Build Broadband N/W

Induce Competition Among Providers in line with Market Principles

Expand the Provision Facilitate Demand

Provide Computer Education

Provide Free B/B Internet Access to All

Primary & Secondary Schools

Spread IT Culture (ex: PC Cafes, Online Entertainment)

Virtuous Cycle of the Development of Informatization & the IT Industry

40/44

Ⅲ. eGovernment in Korea

Further Movement

e-Government

Infrastructure

Development

(1987 ~ 2002)

Goal - Digitalization of government

business processes,

establishment of IT infra.

Key actions - Digitalization of government

business processes (patent,

customs, tax, etc.)

- Establishment of e-Government

infrastructure (high-speed

internet network)

- 11 key initiatives (G4C,

e-Procurement, etc.)

Full-Fledged Implementation of e-Government (2003 ~ 2007)

Goal - Expansion of e-Government

services through digitalization of

overall government business

processes

Key Actions - Expansion and improvement of

services for citizens and businesses

- Enhanced administrative efficiency

and transparency through reform of

government work method

- Linkage and connection among

information systems

Further Advancement

of e-Government

(2008 ~ 2012)

Goal - Integration of e-Government

systems for seamless delivery of

public services

Key Actions - Customer-centric citizen services

and enhanced public participation

- Intelligent administrative services

through digital government network

- Real-time public safety information

network

- Strengthened e-Government infra.

through enhanced privacy and

security

41/44

Ⅲ. eGovernment in Korea

Further Movement

e-Government

Infrastructure

Development

(1987 ~ 2002)

Goal - Digitalization of government

business processes,

establishment of IT infra.

Key actions - Digitalization of government

business processes (patent,

customs, tax, etc.)

- Establishment of e-Government

infrastructure (high-speed

internet network)

- 11 key initiatives (G4C,

e-Procurement, etc.)

Full-Fledged Implementation of e-Government (2003 ~ 2007)

Goal - Expansion of e-Government

services through digitalization of

overall government business

processes

Key Actions - Expansion and improvement of

services for citizens and businesses

- Enhanced administrative efficiency

and transparency through reform of

government work method

- Linkage and connection among

information systems

Further Advancement

of e-Government

(2008 ~ 2012)

Goal - Integration of e-Government

systems for seamless delivery of

public services

Key Actions - Customer-centric citizen services

and enhanced public participation

- Intelligent administrative services

through digital government network

- Real-time public safety information

network

- Strengthened e-Government infra.

through enhanced privacy and

security

42/44

Ⅲ. eGovernment in Korea Further Movement

Becoming an Advanced and Leading Country

Creative Soft-power Cutting-edge Infrastructure for Digital

Convergence

Smart Gov’t People

Prospering through

Digitalization

Trusted Info

Society

Advanced Knowledge Information Society Based on Creativity and Trust

43/44

Ⅲ. eGovernment in Korea Further Movement

Hopeful Korea in Harmony VISION 2030

Five Strategies

Establish governance structure

Innovate processes & realign systems

Strengthen performance management system

Improve global leadership

Enhance e-government human resources

Smart Gov: World’s Best Digital Government for the People Vision for e-Government

Four Goals

Accelerate system-based government innovation

By building intelligent administration service system

Enhance preventive system for a safer society

By delivering real-time public security information network

Offer customer-centric customized citizen services

By integrating services with focus on citizens & businesses

Lay ground for sustainable advancement of e-government

By enhancing infrastructure for e-Government

44/44