KOTA SUPER THERMAL POWER STATION KOTA (RAJ.)

SUBMITTED BY:

Prakash Chandra Jarotia

2011UEE!374

INTRODUCTION OF THE THERMAL POWER PLANT

It was established in 1983.It is located at the left bank of the CHAMBAL River at theupstream of KOTA BAIRAJ.Favorable conditionAbundant quantity of clean cooling water.Good transport facilityConcentration of load in Kota region due to large number ofindustries.

INSTALLED CAPACITY

Kota Thermal Power Station is Rajasthan's First major coal power station. Presently

it is in operation with installed capacity of 1240MW.

DEFINITION OF THERMAL POWER STATION

A thermal power station is a power

plant in which the prime mover is steam

driven. Water is heated, turns into

steam and spins a steam turbine which

either drives an electrical generator .

After it passes through the turbine, the

steam is condensed in a condenser

and recycled to where it was heated;

this is known as a Rankine cycle . The

greatest variation in the design of

thermal power stations is due to the

different fuel sources. Some prefer to

use the term energy center because

such facilities convert forms of heat

energy into electrical energy.

OPERATIONS IN THERMAL POWER STATION

Step wise operations in a

thermal power plant are as

follows:-

Coal is used as a fuel to boil

the water.

Water is boiled to form

pressurized steam.

Pressurized steam is the

force that cause the turbine to

rotate at a very high speed.

Low pressure steam after

pushing through the turbine

,it’s going into the condenser.

Condenser – the place where

the steam is condensed back

it it’s liquid form .Then the

process is repeated

MAIN PARTS OF THERMAL POWER STATION

1. Coal supply

2. Coal pulverizer

3. Boiler

4. Precipitators

and stack

5. Turbine and

generator

6. Condensers

and cooling

water system

7. Water

purification

8. Ash systems

9. transformer

and

transmission

lines

Coal Handling Plant

• Wagon unloading system

• Crushing system

• Conveying system

Coal handling plant section

WAGON UNLOADING SYSTEM

Rated Output : 71 KW.

Rated

Voltage. : 415 V.

Rated

Current. : 14.22 Amp.

Rated Speed. : 975rpm.

No. of phases. : 3

Frequency. : 50 HZ.

Unload the coal from wagon

to hopper with the help of

wagon Tripler.

Hopper allows to pass coal

pieces ≤ 200mm

From hopper coal fall on

vibrator which is supported

by roller.

CRUSHING SYSTEM

CRUSHER HOUSE:- It consists of crushers which are used to crush the coal to 20 mm size.

Two types

Primary crusher Rail crusher

Rotary breaker

Secondary crusher

Capacity : 1350 TPH (Rates/ 1500 TPH Design.)

Feed material : Rom Coal.

Feed size : (-) 1200 mm

(approx.)

End Product size : (-) 500

mm Motor rating : 125

KW,100 rpm

Crushers : 225.

CONVEYOR BELT

Conveyor Belt Specification :- Belt width : 1400 mm.

Speed : 2.2 m/second.

Schedule of motor : All 3-phas

induction motor

Travel Motor : 7.5 KW.

Vibrating Feeder : 2x6 KW.

Total installed power. : 360 KW.

Capacity : 1) 1350

tonne per hour

2) 750

tonne per hour.

No. of conveyor : 38

Horizontal length : 28 meters

Belt are used to convey coal from coal handling plant to furnace.

BOILER

It is a closed vessel in which water under pressure is converted into steam.

Hot water or steam used to transfer heat to a process.

A boiler is always designed to absorb maximum amount of heat released in process of combustion.

This is transferred to the boiler by all the three modes of heat transfer i.e. conduction. Convection and radiation.

Furnace:- It is primary part of boiler where the fuel is burnt to liberate the heat energy.

Chemical

Energy of

fuel

Thermal

Energy by

combustion

FIGURE BOILER

Boilers are classified as:-

Fire tube boiler:- In this type the products of

combustion pass through the tubes which

are surrounded by water. These are

economical for low pressure only.

Water tube boiler:- In this type of boiler

water flows inside the tubes and hot gases

flow outside the tubes. These tubes are

interconnected to common water channels

and to steam outlet.

SUPER HEATER :- Superheated steam is that steam, which contains

more heat than the saturated steam at the same pressure i.e. it, has been

heated above the temperature corresponding to its pressure. A

superheater is a device which removes the last traces of moisture from the

saturated steam leaving the boiler tubes and also increases its

temperature above the saturation temperature.

REHEATER :- Reheaters are provided to raise the temperature of the

steam from which part of energy has already been extracted by HP turbine

PRECIPTATOR AND STACK :-

ELECTRO-STATIC PRECIPTATOR For general mankind, today an Eco friendly industry is must. As far as air pollution is concerned now a day various flue gases filter are there in service. The choice depends on the size of suspended particle matter. These filters are E.S.P. Fabric filter high efficiency cyclone separations and stalling room. Fop fly ash, where the particle size vary from 0.75 microns to 100 micron use gradually use E.S.P. to purify the flue gases due to its higher efficiency & low running cost etc.

In an ESP the dust lidder gas is passed through an intense electric field, which causes ionization of the gases& they changed into ion while travelling towards opposite charged electrode get deposited as particles and thus dust is electric deposited an electrode creating the field. It is continuous process.

The gas exiting the boiler is laden with fly ash.The fly ash is removed by electrostatic precipitators and passes through stack in environment.

STEAM TURBINE

It is a machine in which a shaft is rotated steadily by reaction of steam, air upon blades of a wheel.

When Steam is used then it is called steam turbine.

It works on Modified Rankine cycle.

Heat of

steam

Mechanical

Energy

THE MAIN TECHNICAL DATA OF 110 MW TURBINES IS

GIVEN BELOW :-

Rated output : 110 MW.

Economic output : 95 MW.

Rated speed : 3000 rpm

Direction of rotation viewing from the front bearing pedestal : clock wise

Rated steam pressure before stop valve : 130 ata

Maximum steam pressure before stop valve : 146 ata

Rated temperature of steam before the stop valve. 535°C Maximum temperature of steam before the stop valve. 545°C Rated pressure of steam 31.6 ata

•An electrical generator is a machine which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through electro mechanical energy conversion .

•The generator is driven by directly coupled steam turbine at a speed of 3000 r.p.m.

Electrical

Energy

Mechanical

Energy

GENERATOR

CONDENSERS AND COOLING WATER SYSTEM

A condenser is a commonly used term

for a water-cooled shell and tube heat

exchanger installed on the exhaust

steam from a steam turbine in thermal

power stations.

These condensers are heat exchangers

which convert steam from its gaseous to

its liquid state at a pressure below

atmospheric pressure

In thermal power plants, the primary

purpose of a condenser is to condense

the exhaust steam from a steam turbine

to obtain maximum efficiency, and also

to convert the turbine exhaust steam

into pure water so that it may be reused

in the steam generator or boiler as

boiler feed water.

COOLING TOWERS

o A condenser needs huge quantity of water to condense the steam .

o Most plants use a closed cooling system where warm water coming from condenser is cooled and reused

o Small plants use spray ponds and medium and large plants use cooling towers.

o Cooling tower is a steel or concrete hyperbolic structure having a reservoir at the base for storage of cooled water

o Diameter at the base is 150 m

WATER TREATTENT PLANT

The principle problem in high pressure

boiler is to control corrosion and steam

quality.

The impurities present in water are

as follows:-

1) Un-dissolved and suspended

solid materials.

2) Dissolved slats and minerals.

3) Dissolved gases.

4) Other minerals (oil, acid etc.).

5). a) Turbidity & Sediment.

b) Silica.

c) Micro Biological.

d) Sodium& Potassium Salt.

e) Dissolved Sales Minerals.

6). a) O2gas. b) CO2 gas.

Pressure filter removes undisclosed impurities from

raw water.

Carbon filter removes excess chlorine from clarified

water.

D.M. plant removes dissolved impurities from clarified

water.

Conductivity ,pH & silica content of this water must be

checked time to time.

ASH HANDLING PLANT

The percentage of ash in coal varies from 5% in good quality

coal to about 40% in poor quality coal

Power plants generally use poor quality of coal , thus amount

of ash produced by it is pretty large.

Electrostatic Precipitator is used in ash handling plant to

remove fly ash

The stations use some conveyor arrangement to carry ash to

dump sites directly or for carrying and loading it to trucks and

wagons which transport it to the site of disposal

UTILIZATION OF ASH

1. Manufacturing of building materials.

2. Making of concrete.

3. Manufacturing of cement.

4. Road construction etc.

SWITCHYARD

Two 220 KV bus bars have been

provided in switch yard and are

inter-connected through a bus

coupler.

Each station transformer has two

windings one secondary side and

is rated for 50/25/25mva,

270/7/7.2 kva four feeder take off

from 220 switch yard two to

SKATPURA GSS and other to

HEERAPURA , Jaipur GSS.

Each of four feeder are provided

with bypass isolators which is

connected across line breaker

and breaker isolator

SALIENT FEATURE OF K.S.T.P.S. LOCATION

LOCATION -:Sakatpura, Kota.

CAPACITY-:

A) 1st Stage-: 2x110 MW .

B) 2nd Stage-: 2x210 MW.

C) 3rd Stage-: 1x210 MW.

D) 4th Stage-: 1x195 MW.

E) 5th Stage-: 1x195 MW

SOURCE OF WATER- : Chambal River.

BOILER-: a) Types. Fire tube boiler and Water tube boiler.

b) No. of units . 7

c) Max. Efficiency. BHEL 87.6 %

d) Capacity. 375 tonnes 1 Hr.

e) Steam Pressure -:139 Kg./cm²

f) Steam Temp. -:540

CONCLUSION

The first phase of practical training has proved to be quiet fruitful. It provided an opportunity for encounter with such huge machines like wagon tippler .110 MW, 210 MW & 195 MW turbines and generators.

The architecture of the power plant the way various units are linked and the way working of whole plant is controlled make the student realize that engineering is not just learning the structured description and working of various machines, but the greater part is of planning proper management.

However training has proved to be quite fruitful. It has allowed an opportunity to get an exposure of the practical implementation to theoretical fundamentals.