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Dear Ladies and Gentlemen!The modern world is arranged in such a way, that the global economic crisis concerns it much more, than the eco-logical one. Quite often, the loss to the nature is perceived, and rather worse, accepted as a certain inevitable collat-eral damage from economic activities. Nevertheless, the ecology should not be considered as step child of economic growth. Traditionally it requires con-siderable administrative efforts and fi-nancial investments. However, regard-ing the Region of Stavropol, the spent funds are returned a hundredfold, since the ecological purity is one of our main competitive advantages. The mild winter and the moderately hot summer, the long vegetative period al-low growing up many southern agricul-tural crops, including the winter ones. Thank to these climatic conditions and

availability of fertile soils, Stavropol Krai has become a strategic area of a grain husbandry, commercial crops, gardening and viti-culture. Milling wheat, which officially recognized as the best in the world, is grown here, as well as ecologically pure products of plant cultivation and livestock farming are obtained domestically.The God has generously provided Stavropol Krai with a natu-ral variety. Scientists call our region one of the most capacious depositary of vegetative genetic fund. There are various envi-ronmental zones which adjoin within quite a compact territory down here: semi-deserts and steppes, forest-steppes and woods. The landscape is pretty diverse as well; there are lowlands, heights, and mountain areas. There is a particularly protected ecological spa resort area in the foothill part of the region in the South of the Russian Federation known as the Mineral Waters of the Caucasus, which possesses a unique array of health-improving aspects.Moreover, its uniqueness is also attributed to the fact that the econ-omy and ecology do not contradict each other, but, on contrary, they co-operate and elaborate in the same direction. As a matter of fact, the life itself sets the formula of ecological economy for us,

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which could be expressed in the following quote, There is no solu-tion of environmental problems without the developed economy and there is no developed economy without the resolution of en-vironmental problems. The only way possible to provide the eco-nomic prosperity and well-being of the region is through preserva-tion and rational use of natural and climatic resources.It has found its reflection in The Charter of Economic and Social Development Strategy for Stavropol Krai Through the Year of 2020 in the Sphere of Wildlife Management and Preservation of the En-vironment. The Charter provides creation of the effective ecologi-cal sector of economy, as well as a complex of programs directed to protect the natural treasures.Meanwhile, speaking about ecologically friendly economy and about specifics of our region, I would like to establish an additional lever of efforts. There is no world class or national standard ground in our country, which could provide a platform to discuss environmental problems on a regular basis; a platform, which would demonstrate the best practices and innovations in this particular area. Still, if such platform is to be created, there is no a better place than the Caucasus Mineral Waters area. Besides, the above-mentioned factors, which speak for themselves in favor of our region, there is the considerable experience in carrying out of numerous federal level forums as well international conferences, and round tables seminars.The economic forums in Davos, Sochi and Sankt Petersburg have become quite routine and ordinary for the most of their partici-pants. Let me ask a question, How about ecology? Will it ever end up in the category of the golden child? Probably, it will achieve that throughout the annual ecological forums and their permanently operating core exhibitions along with authoritative moderators of the ecological agenda. Shall we call it, Ecologically Economic? Why not?After all these two subjects can naturally and organically supple-ment and fill each other in our corner of the world. We are ready to share our experience with everyone. Therefore, the issue of our magazine is actually dedicated to that matter.

Faithfully Yours,

The Governor of Stavropol Krai

Valery Gaevsky

DISCOVER STAVROPOL KRAIDISCOVER INNOVATIONS DISCOVER PEOPLEBUY STAVROPOL OWN!DISCOVER OPEN HORIZONS

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EF English First Stavropol

Discover Stavropol KraiSocio-Economic Periodical 3 June-July 2010

Published on the initiative of, and with support from, the Government

and Parliament of Stavropol Krai

Chief Editor - Y. V.Yagudaev, Minister of Economic Development, Stavropol Krai

Editor M.G. Grigorev , the head of departmenton the state information policy and mass communicationsof Governmental of Stavropol Krai

Project Director E.V. Bondarenko, Chairman of the Stavropol Krai Parliamentary Committee for Mass Communication, Information Technology and Means of Communication

Scientific consultant A.A. Likhovid, Vice-Rector for Science, Head of the Department of Ecology and Nature Management, SSU, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Professor

Editorial boardChairman, Editorial Board G. G. Efremov, Vice-Chairmanof the Government of Stavropol Krai

Members, Editorial BoardA.D. Baturin - Minister for Natural Resources and Environmental Protection, Stavropol KraiA. N. Manakov Minister for Agriculture, Stavropol KraiV. N. Mazharov, Minister of Healthcare, Stavropol KraiB. A. Obolonets Chairman of the Stavropol KraiParliamentary Committee on Economic Development, Trade,Investment and PropertyG. F. Afonin Deputy Chairman of the Stavropol KraiParliamentary Committee on Economic Development, Trade,Investment and PropertyV. A. Shapovalov Rector of Stavropol State University,Doctor of Sociology, ProfessorP. V. Akinin Dean of the Faculty of Economics, Stavropol State University; Doctor of Economics, Professor

Design and layoutSergei Bobylev

PhotographyJulia Schupak

TranslationGraham Fraser Teacher,EF English First Stavropol

STAVROPOL KRAI

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DISCOVER STAVROPOL KRAI

variety of wildlife. More than 2200 types of vascular plant and over 500 species of vertebrate live here, not to mention mosses, lichens, seaweeds, fungi and invertebrates. In terms of biodiver-sity Stavropol occupies first place in the North Caucasus Federal Okrug and second place in Russia, making it one of the most valuable guardians of the biological gene pool.The network of protected areas comprises 45 reserves and 66 natural monuments altogether 101,300 hectares of irreplace-able gems of nature. All the above makes the broad development of ecological and hunting tourism possible. Amongst the po-tential growth points here are the protected Manych-Goudilo steppe park, the Kumsk wetlands and the Stavropol, Prikalaus and Beshpagir highlands.The existing and developing agricultural industry stands on the soil and climactic attributes of the region. Almost half the Krais land is chernozem black soil which compares favourably with the chernozem of other regions due to its heightened pro-ductivity and significant humus and mineral content. The farm-ing methods historically used are based on ecologically clean technology and permit the production of an ecologically safe harvest, which is a powerful competitive advantage for Stav-ropol.The specially-protected ecological resort region of Kavkazkie Mineralnye Vody is the world-famous pearl of Stavropol. It is framed by the seventeen relict magma mountains of Pyatigorsk, whose outlines resemble sculptures topped by picturesque cliffs. One of the natural jewels in the Krais crown is its mineral wa-ters, whose healthful qualities have brought global fame to the resort cities of Kavminvody. Known reserves permit the daily extraction of 16000 cubic metres of healing water without equal in variety in the world. No less famous are the healing muds of Lake Tambukan, located on the border with Kabardino-Balkaria. Its magnificent scenery, mineral resources, pleasant climate and environment and well-developed infrastructure make Kavminvody a leading centre in the development of the countrys health and healing tourism industry.The actions of the Government and State Parliament of Stav-ropol Krai and the development of balanced policies and leg-islation with regard to the use of nature and environmental protection are aimed at improving quality of life for Stavropols citizens and forming a positive environmental image for the re-gion. In this complex challenge the state authorities are reliant on the scientific community, civil institutions and socially re-

Plant a tree, raise children, build a home. The centuries-old universal instinct symbolises the efforts of people to harmonise their economic capabilities and ecological well-being. Herein lies the natural key to success, a guarantee of resilient development, and the ecological and economic future of every person, family, business, campaign, city, region and country.

Our home in the full meaning of the word Stavropol Krai is a land of ecological promise. The geographical and his-torical gift of Stavropols land creates the right conditions for the development of an ecological economy and enables the in-teraction of ecological problems and advantages to be weighted well in favour of the latter.Stavropol Krais unique geographical position has defined the juxtaposition, within a single region, of a majestic mosaic of natural backdrops the sandscapes and and semi-deserts of the Tersk-Kumsk delta, the arid steppes of the Kum-Manych de-pression, the steppe meadows of the Azov-Kuban lowlands, the steppes and forest steppes of the Stavropol highlands, the slop-ing plains of East Kuban and Mineralnye Vody-Kabardin, and the alpine systems of the Pastbish range and Kislovodsk basin. One consequence of the varied landscapes is Stavropols wide

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ECOLOGY AND ECONOMICS ARE MUCH MORE THAN OPPOSITES. THE ROOT OF BOTH WORDS IS THE GREEK OIKOS HOME. YES, HOME. HOME AS A SYMBOL OF THE STABILITY, SUCCESS AND WELL-BEING OF ITS INHABITANTS.

AHome By The Name Of Stavropol

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sponsible business, and support manufacturers and users of na-ture who introduce modern, effective and often high-tech eco-logical control and monitoring systems and ecologically sound production methods. All this is creating the right conditions for the ecologicalisation of the regions economy and creates an opportunity to draw the ecological situation as a whole under the mantle of Stavropol Krais competitive advantage.It is not premature to die rich, but to live and enjoy the delights of civilisation is humanitys task, wrote the outstanding Russian ecologist N. F. Reymers in his famous environmental manifesto. Live a healthy life, and be sure that you have left your descen-dants at least the same and ideally a better chance.Stavropol is our home, and one in which we are creating cosy surroundings and making a comfortable environment for life and work. It is open to guests tourists hoping to breathe clean air, enjoy the scenery, immerse themselves in an atmosphere of ecological comfort, and restore their health and strength. And this home is open to investment and businesses which intend to take part in its alignment on the principles of ecological eco-nomics. V.A.Shapovalov, A. A. Likhovid

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ONLY IN RECENT YEARS HAVE CONCEPTS SUCH AS ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY SAV-ING, GREEN INVESTMENT, THE GREEN ECONOMY AND GREEN ENERGY ENTERED OUR DAILY LIVES. THESE ARE TRENDY AREAS TODAY. I BELIEVE WE NEED TO LOOK AT THESE IS-SUES NOT JUST IN PURELY ENVIRONMENTAL TERMS BUT ALSO FROM AN ECONOMIC POINT OF VIEW. THE MAXIM THAT ECOLOGY AND THE ECONOMY DO NOT CONTRADICT EACH OTHER IS VERY TRUE. ANY FUNCTIONING ECONOMY SHOULD BE ECOLOGICAL. From President Dmitri Medvedevs videoblog, 5 June 2010.

Nature has been generous to Stavropol. The variety of wonders here comes down to its unique location and climate. It is a land of contrasts which never ceases to amaze its residents.

Buried TreasureThe bowels of Stavropols earth hide incalculable wealth: around 300 mineral fields hold reserves estimated at $56bn. Among the more valuable are hydrocarbons (38% of the minerals total value) and commonplace minerals and building materials (42%). The remaining 20% consists of fresh underground water, titanium, zirconium, glass sands and mineral and hot spring water.

Geological evidence suggests industrial quantities of green fertilisers (phosphates, borates and zeolites). Predictions also point to the presence of high-quality bentonites (a non-metallic ore), brick clays formed from Mesozoic sediment (used in high-quality ceramics) and iodine and bromine water (for cement).

Blue ArteriesEcologists consider the Krais crown jewels to be its rivers, which bring life to the regions semi-desert steppes, forests and mountains. There are few large rivers (the Kuban and Terek), but over 200 smaller ones. Most of the regions lakes stretch out in a picturesque chain across the Manych depression. Others are

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Valuationof Stavropol Krai's Mineral Potential(total 1680 billion roubles)

Hydrocarbons

Underground fresh water

Hard minerals and mineral water

Common minerals

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hidden in the valleys and tributaries of major rivers. However, human activity calls for more water, and over the years the map of Stavropol has gained over 3,300km of canals and 53 reservoirs. Most date from the 20th century.

The Gene Bank of RussiaStavropols uniqueness has brought about an abundant range of flora. The Krai features almost all the types of climate to be found in European Russia, from semi-arid steppes to leafy forests and alpine lakes. More than 2400 types of plant thrive here, aswell as mosses, seaweeds and fungi. Thanks to this Stavropol is one of the richest resources of the Russian gene pool.The relatively small Krai also hosts utterly varied fauna 8 species of amphibian, 22 of reptile and 89 of mammals. 220 species of bird nest here, of which 173 overwinter. Many more migrate through the region. Our 70 species and subspecies of ichthyofauna are dominated by carp, silver carp, bream, perch, rudd, Kuban barbel, Kuban nase, silver bream, roach, tench, bleak, pike, catfish, common gudgeon, chub, ruff, needlefish and the North-Caucasian spined loach. Ecologists and economists agree that the fish industry has great opportunities for expansion.

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Plus Hand-Made OakStavropols 129,000 hectares (2% of the Krai) of tree cover require particular attention the region is one of Russias least-forested. The climate is predisposed towards uneven growth,

division of species and intensive growth. Fortunately, though, forests are to be found in all four climactic zones, from the dryest to the most humid. Although in the hardest areas they naturally grow only along rivers, large artificial forests have been planted. The greenest area of all is the specially-protected Kavkazkie Mineralnye Vody resort zone, where the best climate is to be found.

Under ProtectionSadly, environment change, naturally-occurring and man-made, rarely works to natures advantage. Endangered species are monitored with the Red Book, which was first

published in the Krai in 2002 and became an official guide to the state of rare and disappearing species and the measures taken to protect them. The Red Book contains 5 types of fungi, 304 plants and 188 animals. It is revised once every five years.Nature has given Stavropol great riches, and our duty is to save them for the next generation.

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Stavropol Krai is more than just a corner of Russia with amazing contrasts. It is also an open-air museum in the truest sense, with 66 natural monuments to be found.

The first exhibits to be placed under state protection, in 1961, included both natural and man-made phenomena, but all remain unique, irreplaceable and of special ecological, scientific, cultural and aesthetic value. Natural monuments are strewn practically throughout the territory of Stavropol Krai, including within the state capital itself. The Travertine Spring in the citys Russian Forest is the focus of inexhaustible scientific interest. The spring surfaces on the left

An Open-Air useum

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bank of the Buchinskaya Gremuchka River, at the point where middle Samartian sand meets the underlying clay. Water flows into a 1.5m-deep karst basin at a temperature of 10C. The riverbed is covered with a blanket of travertine sediment. Of particular interest here are the Neogene-era relict plants pachyphragma macrophylla and harts-tongue fern.The highest density of natural monuments is in the specially-protected ecological resort region of Kavkazkie Mineralnye Vody. The picturesque Mount Kutsai makes an impression on locals and visitors alike. It consists of layers of marine clays, sandstone and limestone from the Samartian Miocene period. The upper layer of loose sands includes unique sand-lime formations. Fused together, they have taken on a skeletal form which the wind has eroded into intricate

outcrops. Mount Koltso is equally unforgettable. A ridge of irregularly-cemented yellow-grey sandstone on its wind-scoured west face holds a dozen niches, giving the cliff the impression of a cave city. Aeolian action has pushed holes 8-12m into the rock wall. The Red Rocks, scenic cliffs on the slope of the Djinal ridge in Kislovodsks parkland, is a long-standing fixture on the tourist route. Their red colour stems from the fact that 120 million years ago the then hot, dry climate uncovered the Cretaceous seabed, creating a low-lying island whose surface of sand took on a brown desert tan. These monuments are used only for the purposes of science, ecological research, recreation and evironmental protection.

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The appearance of the leader of United Russia, Prime Minister Vladi-mir Putin, at the NCFO branchs July inter-regional party conference was the highlight of the second day, when it relocated from Nalchik to Kislovodsk. He alone is capable of grappling with many aspects of the future of the new federal okrug, which appeared on the map of Russia relatively recently. For this reason great hopes of an eco-nomic leap forward in the region have been pinned on the administra-tive change.

Federal subject and municipality leaders should re-ceive any businessman ready to invest as a member of their family, defend them and protect them in any way necessary: Here, as in other delicate areas, we now need the controls set to manual.

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lets rollKavminvody (the KMV) is set to become the heart of a unifiedtourism cluster stretching from the Caspian to the Black Sea

DISCOVER NEWS

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June 2010 set a record for the commercial bottling

of mineral water extracted in the specially-protected

ecological resort region of Kavminvody.

The first month of summer saw a level of 43.5

million litres, whereas the previous year it had

barely reached 39.2 million litres. Before the

economic crisis, in June 2008, all the various

businesses and other organisations bottling water

produced 29.6 million litres.

In total the volume of water commercially bottled

from January to June 2010 exceeded 211milion

litres, which was more than 19 million above the

level for the same period the previous year. The

administration of Kavkazkie Mineralnye Vody puts

the rush down to growing demand for Stavropol-

branded products.

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Stavropol Krai is to help the World Wildlife

Federation (WWF) create an ecological responsibility

rating for forest management in Russias regions.

The campaign to put together a league table started

in June of this year under the auspices of WWF

Russia and the National Rating Agency (NRA). The

international organisations came to the regional

authorities for assistance in their research. Having

received the call for cooperation, the governor

of Stavropol Krai, Valeriy Gaevskiy, detailed the

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental

Protection to respond. The organisations specialists

are now preparing the documents required to take

part in the rating process.

The task facing the WWF and the NRA is to

independently assess the effectiveness and

stability of state forest management, determine the

attractiveness to investors of any particular region,

and make forest watchdogs work more open and

transparent. The league table will be out in the

autumn of this year.

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A young inventor from Stavropol Krai has wowed

the jury with his inventions at the All-Russia Youth

Scientific and Technical Creativity Exhibition

(NTTM-2010), which was held between 29 June

and 2 July. Alexander Klimov, a 16-year-old pupil at

the Youth Technical Creativity Centre in Petrovskiy

County, presented his Thermal Glass Cutter and

Stepper projects. The young artificer sees the latter

as helping geologists carry out research in desert

and marsh environments, and it can also be used as

a demonstrator in physics lessons on motors and

stepping mechanisms and to measure pressure. The

Steppers creator counts its simplicity and low cost

amongst its other advantages.

Alexander actually developed his child several

years ago. Bringing the idea to life required an old

hairdryer, broken alarm clock and metal off-cuts. He

and his Stepper took part in the NTTM exhibition

in 2007, but did not make it to the winners

podium. Since then Alexander has been perfecting

his project, and this year he once more took it

to Moscow. This time he brought home not only

new knowledge, but also a medal- For Success In

Scientific and Technical Creativity.

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The first question to Putin came from the Head Doctor of the Stavropol Cardiological Centre, V. Kolesnikov, who asked about the prospects for uniting high-tech medical intervention with later convalescence in the nature resorts of Kavminvody. He re-ceived a full answer, and not just about the medical side, but also on the integrated development of the resort, health and tourism industries of Stavropol Krai and the Okrug as a whole. The real Premier of the Forum has to have been the project to create a unified alpine tourism cluster from the Caspian to the Black Sea. Putins suggestion to ride was warmly received by the audience. Resorts like Matlas in Dagestan, Mamison in North Ossetia, Prielbrus in Kabardino-Balkaria, Arkhyz in Karachaevo-Cherkessia and Lago-Naki in Adygea are to have their infrastructure developed as part of an integrated whole. The latter is not actually in the NCFO, but it fits seamlessly into the projects integrated transportation and energy framework. Under the plans the resorts are expected to receive roughly

100,000 tourists annually, creating 160,000 new jobs. Last of all, the Premier singled out the regions unique health capabil-ity- Kavkazkie Mineralnye Vody- to which it is time to return its former glory and allure and, moreover, create a high-tech sanatarium and healing resort industry on a national scale.In fact, the concept Stavropol governor V. Gaevskiy voiced several months ago, of a South Russia tourism ring, will be propelled forward by the realisation of ambitious plans to develop the okrugs infrastructure. Construction of bypasses for Stavropol, Mozdok, Nalchik, and Vladikavkaz has already begun. On top of that, the federal Kavkaz highway is being re-built and a road from Makhachkala to Botlikh and a tunnel at Gimrin are nearing completion. And the new Kislovodsk-El-brus road planned as part of the North Caucasusdevelopment will literally be the backbone of the tourism cluster project.

Once Sochi, Kavminvody, the alpine resorts of Prielbrus and Dombai, Cherkessk and Sukhumi are linked by high-speed roads, it will be possible within the span of a short break to enjoy, without any exaggeration, the full spectrum of pleasure: sip mineral water, take healing baths, go skiing and take a dip in the sea. The linking of resorts from the Black Sea to the Caspian will also be the project that brings investment in the region to life. Infrastructure improvements unfailingly bring economic growth in their wake.The health and tourism resources of the North Caucasus are a mighty competitive advantage, but they alone are not enough. Returning to the theme of the KMV, the Premier underscored that in organising high-tech production, in which medicine should be included, it was important to foresee what would hap-pen if untrained staff were to work in any of its component fields: I assure you that in the sphere of tourism and in the the sphere of medicine, noted the Premier, We need people of no lesser class than in high technology, otherwise people wont come. In order to put money into actual buildings we need to ensure these fundamental conditions security, resistance to corruption, an attractive appearance, infrastructure development and well-trained staff. Casting his eye over the current state of the KMV, the head of the Russian Government noted some progress, but clearly not enough. For this reason the government plans to go ahead with federal funding for major infrastructure projects and support to maintain business organisations interest in the unique potential opportunities available in the resorts. To speed up the launch of the full-scale tourism cluster project, the start-ing capital of the Special Economic Zones company will be in-creased to 2 billion roubles in 2010, said Putin.Looking to the future, the Russian government sees sense in in-cluding the North Caucasus in the international North-South transit corridor, which will link Russia to Europe and Europe to the states of the Persian Gulf and Central Asia. Makhachkala could become a major seaport under the auspices of the project and for Stavropol, as a vital grain-producing region, this would undoubtedly be an opportunity to increase exports. Putin gave his verdict on a range of major investment projects put forward by the region at the party conference. Infrastruc-ture development at the Budyonnovsk chemical complex based around Stavrolen did not raise any doubts and was judged wor-thy of federal funding. As you know, Putin said, Commercial drilling started in the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea this year. North Caspian gas will be the resource base for a powerful gas and chemicals industry in Stavropol which will be ecologically sound and founded on the most modern deep refining technology. The majority of the projects which passed party evaluation ended up on Stavropols plate. The list of winners included the North Caucasus Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials Centre in Stavropol, the construction of a North Caucasus Centre for the Rehabilitation of Invalids in Essentuki and the creation of an industrial park in Nevinnomyssk. Stavropols agenda is good, however, in that the majority of the proposals are not confined to the Krais own economy but have inter-regional significance and take account of any opportunities to include its Okrug neighbours in the work. That said, it is also true that there is

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not enough money for everything, no matter how good the ideaThere is another side to the coin, though, which was voiced by Stavropol city deputy O. Timofeeva and echoed by federal sources. She asked how to stop the ever-flourishing kickbacks: (Federal) budget money comes to us, but half is stolen... Sorry for the non-parliamentary language!Putin agreed with the non-parliamentary language and sourly joked, What can we do to cut off corruption? Brng back hanging, probably! But thats not our way. How can we act within our limits? The President of Russia has initiated national anti-corruption strategies and programmes... A range of anticorruption laws have been enacted now we need to put them into practice. He called upon everyone present: I am convinced that if we work together and keep the importance of the problem standing before us in mind, we will resolve this issue as well.The spotlight also turned to the mayor of the city, N. Lutsen-ko, who was hosting the conference in one of the KMVs best hotels. She invited Vladimir Vladimirovich to take a break in

Kislovodsk. Thanking her, he answered with a question: Do you have even one health and fitness centre? As you know, I love sport. Is there anywhere to do sports? It turned out that there was not even one such centre in the city, not for adults nor children. Putin asked B. Gryzlov to make a note of his de-sire to help, the party does actually have a special programme for building health and fitness facilities in the regions. And he called upon them not to put culture and sport on the back burner, as has tended to happen. Otherwise how would we be able to counter drug addiction, alcoholism and youth crime effectively?The picture regarding the creation of a federal university in our region is becoming clearer. It is likely to be based on the higher education establishments of Stavropol Krai, confirmed the head of the Government.The conference programme also included working meetings between Prime Minister Putin and the heads of the subjects of the NCFO. First of all he invited the Governor of Stavropol Krai, the largest region in the NCFO, and took an interest

above all else in the state of the farming sector. V. Gaevskiy reported that the harvest was being gathered apace in the Krai. The Krai is hoping for an overall harvest not worse than last years, and particularly for 6-7 million tonnes of high-quality wheat. That would be a gift in the face of the drought that many regions in Russia have suffered and may reduce their wheat returns. Stavropols farmers will not disappoint, promised the Governor. The North Caucasus development strategy foresees not only roadbuilding, but also the refurbishment of the airport net-work. 485 million roubles have been allocated to the recon-struction of the air gates to Min Vody, Magas and Grozniy in 2010 alone. The federal authorities intend to continue sup-porting the NCFOs skies into the long term. Following the conference Putin, not coincidentally, did not immediately fly

back to Moscow, but attended another engagement, on pre-cisely this topic. He saw at first hand the modernisation of the Min Vody airport, on which 2.5 billion roubles have al-ready been spent. The two runways and new terminals will significantly increase passenger capacity, and the KMVs main airport will now be able to handle Il-96s, An-124ss, Boeing 767s and more. Putinsadvice was to not drag out the work. The head of the Ministry of Transport, I.Levitin, highlighted the transfer of Min Vody and Stavropol airports to Krai own-ership. In his words, it will be essential to subsidise the region in order to put them in order and, above all, form them into a southern air hub with its own management company, which in turn would take over other nearby airports.Stavropol Krai, as the geographical and strategic capital of the Okrugs subjects, has every chance of becoming the destina-tion for the flow of air passengers and cargo into the South of Russia. Lyudmila Kovalevskaya, foto Igor Kozhevnikov

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At the beginning of June the Re-gions Ministry put forward an in-tegrated Strategy for the Social and Economic Development of the North Caucasus Federal Okrug for examination by the Government of the Russian Federation. The fi-nal version is the subject of eager anticipation by the subjects of the Okrug (NCFO) and the numerous observers who have been locking horns since the NCFOs foundation over whether or not it will be pos-sible to create an economic miracle in what is a deeply troubled region. Will it not become a greenhouse, entirely dependent on federal fund-ing for life? How will ecological issues, of particular importance in the resource-rich Caucasus, be ad-dressed?At a recent briefing the Presiden-tial Plenipotentiary Envoy to the NCFO, Alexander Khloponin, an-swered these questions directly.

Dont forget that the NCFO is a territory of Russia like any other, so talk of any special conditions being created for the Caucasus financing or that it is land under a cupola has no basis. One of the main challenges we face is employment, and the whole NCFO development strategy revolves around that. We are looking at creating 400,000 new jobs by 2020. In this we are able to rely on the high percentage of small and medium-sized businesses in the Okrug about 30% which is unique: the Russian average is no more than 10%. The initial stages of the Strategy will involve the implementation of 75 billion roubles worth of spending on targeted federal programmes up to 2012. However, it follows that this enormous funding must be used effectively. We are looking at current programmes in the NCFO and proposed investment projects. If a project on the block is not economically effective, if it wont create jobs, it will have to be re-evaluated.

Which are going to be the priority areas?Three industries have been singled out for the Okrugs development: agribusiness, tourism and construction. The development of the agricultural cluster will take each regions traditional, ingrained focus into account. Their specialisations will be recorded on an agricultural map of the regions. For example, if an area is successfully advancing in arable farming, the projects we support will be connected with harvesting and processing its crops. The second key industry, and one which is very bountiful in terms of employment, is tourism; and the third, the construction industry. Above all, building materials. This is a resource which is literally underfoot and which is currently being ignored. Even the Olympic project in Sochi is importing materials from just about everywhere

bar the NCFO, which is inherently rich in them. The three arms will be complemented by infrastructure and advanced logistics we plan to create a logistics centre, special port areas and processing zones.Another condition no less important is the availability of qualified staff. In the forthcoming year the federal Ministry of Education is going to invest around a billion roubles in creating a trades training system in the NCFO. This is a very serious project. Pilot projects will be set up in the fundamental fields in every subject territory of the NCFO, and technical colleges will be opened with the help of regional and municipal authorities, the government and industry, which has a vested interest in recruiting for innovative production.

On the subject of logistics, there are a lot of gripes about extortion by the traffic police on the federal Kavkaz highway...The problem is actually not that they stop you every 100m and

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- , - - , , - , - , - - , - , . -, , . 2020 400 . - 30%. -, 10%. 2012 - 75 . - . - .

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The

North Caucasus

as a Growth Area

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trouser your money, but that that holds up the movement of goods. At the moment small and medium-sized businesses are effectively incapable of transporting goods from one republic to another it has been ransacked twenty times by the time it arrives. For this reason we are going to make the road genuinely federal and impose order. Most effective of all, in my view, are speed cameras, like everywhere else in the world. If there is a recording of you committing an offence, that means that you pay a fine. Whereas when they stop a vehicle they can find a million reasons to find fault.

Alexander Gennadyevich, one of the key points in the Strategy is the development of five alpine resorts and a Kavminvody recreation cluster, but ecologists are already sounding the alarm because the proposed boundaries of the resorts include nature reserves, and the KMV has long experience of pristine mountain environments being built on in contravention of the every imaginable law. Might the regions ecosystem simply not be able to sustain such a load?The more local areas tell me about people trespassing on protected land, the more effectively I will be able to deal with it. In actual fact, in the field of environmental protection Russian law is tougher than either European or American, and no-one is planning on changing that. So no project will be evaluated without ecological justification, and no project should touch protected land or reserves. If I hear that someone has gone behind my back and damaged a specially-protected area to build a hotel or anything similar, the response will be severe. The Ministry of Natural Resources has received a concrete task to ensure that building work does not affect nature zones.

What can be done about extant construction within protected areas in Kavminvody?If there is, and if there is evidence, then I ask that an official request is made to the Prosecutor for an investigation into the Kavminvody reserves. Copied to me. I will request aerial photography if they tell me there is nothing, Ill see whats really there. To repeat, no project will be evaluated without ecological justification and without assessing its effect on the environment. That is compulsory for every project.Vladislav Kolontaevskiy, foto Igor Kozhevnikov

The development of Pyatigorsk as the capital of the North Cauca-sus Federal Okrug (NCFO) is integral to the modernisation of the resort city and.the preservation historical and cultural heritage, as was discussed at the out-of-town meeting of Pyatigorsk Pub-lic Council, in which the Presidential Plenipotential Envoy, Federal Vice-Premier Alexander Khloponin, took part.

The Envoys meeting with the public of Pyatigorsk took place in the Alyabyev House. Along with the museums historical exhibits, Alexander Gennadyevich was shown architectural models of investment projects which the resort city is planning as part of the modernisation of its sana-toriums.City leader Lev Travnev detailed the basic aims and priorities of the citys social and economic development to the Vice-Pre-mier. The most important are the modernisation of the resort and an improvement in locals standard of living.

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A New Impulse in the Development

of Pyatigorsk

The Presidential Plenipotential Envoyto the NCFO has praised the workof the Pyatigorsk authorities

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Pyatigorsk has done plenty to achieve this over the past four years. Capital investment has increased by almost 50%. Big business, meaning world-level and not just Russian, as been drawn to the city. This year alone three major contracts have been signed with Western companies. A heavyweight social develop-ment programme is renovating schools, hospitals and kinder-gardens and beautifying squares and parks. The citys historical inheritance is being restored, as are cultural traditions. The mayor singled out transport, roads, ultlity bills and waste management as the citys fun-damental problem areas. Pyati-gorsk has made serious inroads into solving them over the past few years, but it will take federal help to fully grapple with them.As Travenev honestly pointed out, the development of Pyatig-

orsk as the administrative centre of the NCFO and as a nation-al-level centre of healing are mutually-defining processes. The image of the entire region of which it is the capital depends on it being orderly and well-kept, as does its attractiveness in the eyes of tourists.I can see that a lot is indeed changing in the city, commented Khloponin after the mayors address. Capital status is not just a name. It gives the development of a city a new impulse. From my point of view that is indubitably a plus.

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In the Envoys opinion Pyatigorsk, as the regions recognised hub of tourism and culture, now has every opportunity to move onto the international stage. As soon as next year it is planned to hold a major international forum on inbound tourism, for which the city needs to build a modern conference hall. The region is five time richer than the famous Karlovy Vary in natural resources, and so the Russian government is mind-ed to introduce a permissive financial policy to encourage its further development. Thus in the autumn VB Bank will start to give long-term 70% loans under government guar-antee. There has been nothing like this in the Krai before Khloponin said.

The Envoy recalled that the countrys Prime Minister, Vladimir Putin, had set a task to make the Kavkazkie Mineralnye Vody a model region where law and order reigned and noted that the national government intend-ed to actively develop the regions communications and transport infrastructure and increase tourism.I am convinced that we will be able to achieve our goals with an approach like that of Pyatigorsk. The most im-portant factor for me is to sustain the tempo and political stability we have attained in the region, said the Presi-dential Plenipotentiary Envoy to the NCFO.

It is often said that Kavkazkie Mineralnye Vody (KMV) is the pearl of Russia. I would more compare this unique natural gift with a diamond, the most valuable natural stone in the world. But as with a diamond, making the resort region a jewel requires is worthy cut a raft of legislation and other checks on entitle-ment to ensure that the use of natural resources is careful and rational.

In 1992 the KMV was given the status of a specially-pro-tected ecological resort region of the Russian Federation by Presidential Decree, and a Government Order secured its

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KAVKAZKIE

MINERALNYE

VODY

IS A D IAMOND

IN NEED

OF A WORTHY

CUT

Vitaliy Kovalenko,Chairman of the State Parliament

of Stavropol Krai

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boundaries. This document laid the legal foundation for is-sues related to environmental protection within the territory of the resort.Stavropol Krai subsequently created an effective legal frame-work covering the use of nature, ecology and the resort and tourism industry. The law adopted by the State Parliament On Specially-Protected Natural Territories in Stavropol Krai has now been in effect for two years. Under the law 111 sites of environmental importance, a total of 101,300 hectares, have been put on the state cadstre. A quarter of the area is occu-pied by the 8 reserves and 33 natural monuments of the KMV region.The Deputies of the State Parliament of Stavropol Krai work continuously to perfect the legal framework. In particular, the law On The Use Of Forests In The Territory Of Stavropol Krai has been altered to bring it into line with with federal require-ments.After all, the forests are not just a link in the ecologi-cal chain, but also one of the health-restoring aspects of our resorts. The majority of Stavropols woodland is located in the KMV region. One serious issue is the civilised use of waste. We cannot per-mit breaches of environmental safety in a resort zone. That problem is currently also being addressed by legislation. Now that attractive conditions have been created for investors in the Krai, opportunities for international cooperation are ap-pearing in this field aswell. An agreement is currently being finalised with the Swiss company TDF Ecotech to build mech-anised reprocessing plants for domestic waste in the town of Lermontov. Annual capacity will be 250,000 tonnes.The laws on industrial and consumer waste and environmen-tal protection which were enacted last year have been filled out with new clauses this year. Amongst them is a law regulating mining in Stavropols territory.Our unique region enjoys a reserve of spring water which is unrivalled in its abundance of healthful substances and variety of mineral content. More than 130 mineral springs and the healthy sediment mud of Lake Tambukan have made the KMV a world-famous balneological resort. Mineral water is authen-tic wealth, and not just in allegorical terms. It has sizeable eco-nomic significance. To protect the industry, and above all the consumer, from the rise of fake mineral water, parliamentary deputies have proposed their own amendments to the Federal Parliaments statutory requirements for natural mineral and table waters which we hope will be included in its law. Even the air is healthful in Stavropols resorts, and saving the unique air basin is a priority. Devising a law on the protection of the atmosphere figures in the Krai legislatures immediate plans.The programme for the Parliaments autumn session also fea-tures the evaluation of a bill On Several Questions Of State Regulation Of The Tourism Industry In Stavropol Krai, which aims to create the right conditions to develop tourism and the resort industry in Stavropol Krai starting with the KMV. The Krai authorities will continue to give special attention to the resorts development.It is worth noting that we need not only to cut our jewel, but also to preserve it for future genera-tions. Vitaliy Kovalenko

According to data from the World Health Organisation, around 4.5 bil-lion people suffer from parasitic in-fection to some degree. In Russia the level of parasitosis is ten times higher than severe intestinal infection and is matched only by the incidence of pneu-monia, meaning that the health of the nation directly depends on success in fighting parasitic infection. Ecological innovations developed in Stavropol are not only bringing success in the struggle with this evil, but are provid-ing significant savings in what would seem to be unavoidable spending.

Humanity learnt to fight viruses and bacterial infection with the help of disinfection long ago, but this is ineffectual against para-sites. What is effective is disinvasion a series of measures to destroy parasite hosts. Effective disinvasion of the environment requires con-trol of its technical parameters, which is practically non-existent in communal areas.The Stavropol scientific production associations Inzhinernie Sistemy (Engineering Systems) and Sistemy Controlya (Control Systems ) have developed a new remote control system for a unique technology, abbreviated as BINGSTI, which has been introduced by OOO Puro-lat Trade. The new technology is the first to simultaneously disinvade waste water and the sediment contained in it. The new dosage ac-counting system for the BINGSTI ovicide will allow users to strictly follow health guidelines and take effective management decisions.The inexpensive and highly-effective automatic system for the remote control of the technical parameters of disinvasion compares favour-ably with the expensive and resource-intensive technologies currently widely employed in communal areas. The ability to disinvade not only piped sewage but also non-piped, which will qualitively raise the ef-fectiveness of environmental protection measures. Engineering Systems is a group of companies with a diverse system of branches covering not only the North Caucasus Federal Okrug, but the entire Western European part of Russia. Constantly developing new areas of business, the business has launched the production of its own equipment and software and has carried out several hundred hugely varied projects. The younger Control Systems has developed

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! Ecology Helps

... To Save!

.

Project presentation by Engineering Systems general director Sergei Nikolskiy in the Stavropol headquarters of the federal Emergency Situations Ministry.

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and introduced a range of innovation projects based on the nanotech-nology work of the North Caucasus State Technical University.Today innovative technology developed in Stavropol is being success-fully employed in Russian regions such as Rostov and Lipetsk Oblasts. However, Control Systems director, Oleg Lapshin, explains that not every region is rushing to introduce the innovative system. The reason is... its cheapness!Alas, paradoxical though it sounds, it is not profitable for building management companies to save government money, he says. Our system enables the ovicide dosage to be completely controlled, which makes the spending transparent. How many chemicals are in our wa-ter, sewage, cleaning works, no-one knows; nor how much money, to coin a phrase, has gone into the depths. Only decisive action by re-gional and local authorities help to dismantle barriers in our dialogue with management companies. A special thanks to ecological organisa-tions, thanks to whose voice the authorities hear us. Above all, thanks to the regional ecological fund Zeleniy Mir and its President, Vadim Grebennikov.

Another example: the State Parliament of Stavropol Krai has a thriv-ing youth section headed by Grigoriy Gurov. He and the allied young activists of the Chistiy Gorod (Clean City) movement have already carried out dozens of clean-up operations at beauty spots in Stavropol and the Krai. They have collected and removed tonnes of rubbish, which were probably left not only by their peers in age but also by people who are much older and in theory wiser. You cant teach old dogs new tricks you have to train them from infancy. I completely agree with our President: we need to introduce ecological education in our schools. Initiative our children have; what they need is knowledge.

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Mikhail Kuzmin, Chairman of the State Parlia-ment of Stavropol Krais use of nature, ecology

and tourism committee:

It is impossible to imagine progress without young people with initiative, and your account of the ecological innovation project is a fitting example. It was created by active, energetic young scientists and practicioners. Anyone who cares about his countrys future or is looking for a road ahead and is on the verge of making a dis-covery needs to cooperate however possible.

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Sheep rearing has always been one of the Krais hallmarks. Even in the worst of years it has managed to maintain the breeding stock created by its specialists. Todays experts are agreed that the resurrection of this agricultural sector in Russia will begin in none other than Stavropol Krai. We spoke with the nations most-decorated sheep farmer, world-renowned researcher Vasiliy Moroz, about the current state of the sector and its prospects for development.

Vasiliy Andreevich, you have been involved in researching and developing this industry for half a century. In your opinion, has sheep rearing not lost its relevance?

It has not, and never will. And not just in our region, but in Russia as a whole. Sheep rearing remains one of the most socially and economically important areas of farming. It means jobs, a standard of living, tax revenue for the budget. And nowadays even that is not actually the most important plus: sheep rearing is a source of ecologically clean products. Sheep graze on clean grass in clean pastures. And no matter how much clothing manufacturers might try to replace natural fibre with synthetics, they will never achieve it. Neither nature nor man has yet invented anything better than wool, as our ancestors fully understood. Over a five-year period Peter I put the entire Russian Army into woollen coats, and Catherine II, with the nations health in mind, tried to expand the initiative beyond the barrack gate. Sheep rearing received a lot of attention in our country during the twentieth century...Indeed, the Soviet Union was a world leader in terms of sheep numbers- second only to Australia. During the Second World War military units were recalled from the front to save this peoples jewel , which was essential to the productive development of the economy and the preservation of the nations health. Under military protection the flocks were moved deeper into the rear. The wool produced here during the Soviet years was considerably better than that of Europe. An excellent gene pool, selection

The Golden Fleeceof Stavropol

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Mans impact on the environment and, above all else, on air quality in the Krais cities and most traffic and manufacturing-dense areas that is to say Stavropol, Nevinnomyssk and Budyonnovsk are at the centre of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protections attention. Additional air monitoring stations are being set up under the auspices of a public-private partnership. As a result the Krais capital, Stavropol, has already been removed from the blacklist of Russian cities with heavily-

polluted atmospheres, and now Budyonnovsk and Nevinnomyssk are under the spotlight. Incidentally, it is planned to exert public control over air quality in the City of Chemists (Nevinnomyssk) by erecting an electronic display with an online display of the state of the atmosphere in the city centre. This and other innovations bear witness to the fact that the Krais industrially-developed cities are also the home of ecologically-motivated and socially-responsible business. A strong public movement ensures that businesses find a balance between economics and ecology to aid government environment inspectors the Ministry recently revived its community auxiliary service, which includes Stavropol area Cossacks, long famous for their respect for nature.The Ministry has enacted tough measures, including legislation, to protect the unique environment of the federally-significant Kavkazkie Mineralnye Vody (KMV) resort region: restrict road traffic and convert public transport to use environmentally-friendly gas as fuel. Tree cover is essential to the preservation of the KMVs healing hydro-mineral resources, and the areas woodland is expanding year on year. One of modern lifes most pressing problems is lack of control over the content and quantity of emissions. In its new ecological format Russias resilient development and the modernisation of its economy will have no place for outdated, dangerous and expensive methods of waste disposal like incineration and landfill. Leading on from this, Stavropol has developed and ratified one of the first waste policies in Russia to conform to cutting-edge practice in the field of consumer waste and recycling.Its implementation will facilitate the addition of an entirely new facet to the Krais economy waste processing.

Krai

of Ecological

Initiatives

,

Anatoliy Dmitrievich Baturin, Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental

Protection, Stavropol Krai

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centres, wool-cleaning workshops- the Soviet Union was a serious player in the world wool market.What role did Stavropol play?Our Krai was always and remains a centre of sheep rearing. Its position has strengthened with each passing decade. The serious research potential made possible the relocation here of the All-Union Scientific and Research Institute of Sheep and Goat Raising. I ran it for 16 years. I was able to research the experiences of 32 countries, Australia amongst them, so you can see we were involved in selection on a global level. As a result five new sheep breeds were developed in Stavropol, including the famous Manych Merino. Besides that, there was one other important element in our Krai- the wool-cleaning workshops. The plant, in Nevinnomyssk, played an active part in the interethnic division of work. During the period of reform the chain was broken, which seriously affected sheep rearing. How do things stand today?Yes, if the 1970s and 1980s were the sectors halcyon years, the end of the twentieth century ended up being a dark age in its history. Many production facitlities ceased to exist. Domestic demand plummeted. Sheep numbers fell drastically. All the same, Stavropol retained its flagship status. It can be argued that recent years have seen some positive trends. Over the past year the regions farming organisations have increased wool production by 25%. The price is gradually rising aswell. Do you think sheep rearing in this country will be able to revert to its previous level? What would be necessary for that to be achieved?

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Even a fierce fire leaves something behind, if only the foundations, and we have saved much more. We have everything we need to resurrect the sector: a research school, an excellent climate and sprawling pastures. Stavropol is the only region in the country which still has breeding flocks of fine-wool sheep. Although without domestic demand it will be hard to get to grips with the problem. Sheep farmers are forced to effectively give wool away overseas. In spite of which, merino is held in high regard. But not as raw wool. As cloth. The development of processing capacity in Russia would boost the sheep farmers. In order to create resilient demand we could return to Peter Is decree and dress our officers and soldiers in coats of natural, ecologically clean wool rather than in the synthetics that harm mens health. Wool production would rise from the current 200g per resident of Russia to the 3kg prescribed by experts, and the demographic situation would improve.

Victoria Regia, royalty... Both name and appearance make anyone lucky enough to see it in bloom sit up with aston-ishment. Huge glossy leaves like plates, up to 2m in diameter and capable of holding the weight of a 3-year-old child, sway majes-tically on the surface of the water. And amongst these giants, for a few hours in the evening, appears a blindingly beautiful snow-

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Vasiliy Andreevich Moroz is a Hero of Socialist Work, Academic of the Russian Agricultural Academy, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, and Russian Government prize laureate. He worked for 27 years as the Head Stockman at the V. I. Lenin Sheep Farm and for 16 years headed the All-Union Scientific and Research Institute of Sheep and Goat Raising. He currently teaches at Stavropol State Agricultural University. He has represented his country at international sheep-rearing conferences (in Australia, Argentina, Spain and more) six times. He is the author of 350 research texts, including nine books, and a schoolbook on sheep and goat rearing which is in its third edition and is the base curriculum for training future animal keepers in Russian higher education institutions.

Pa r

a di s

e

E c o l o g i c a l

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white flower. The unique lily can be found in the creeks of the River Amazon in far-off Brazil and Peru. And in Stavropol. A few years ago the aquatic royal beauty took up residence in the orangery of

Stavropols V. V. Skripchinskiy Botani-cal Garden.One of the worlds largest aquatic plants, it can be quite demanding it requires particular water tempera-tures, light and humidity. However, the conditions created in the state cap-itals botanical garden are so comfort-able that it blooms by both night and day, enabling residents and visitors alike to feast their eyes.Victoria amazonica is not the gardens only delight. Here hasbeen gathered a truly unparallelled collection of plants from every corner of the world. This ecological paradise on Stavropo-lian soil can look back on more than half a century of history. In 1959 41.28 hectares of land in the Krais centre were allocated for the preservation and enrichment of Stavropols flora, and the chairman of the regional branch of the All-Union Botanical Society, Vasiliy Scripchinskiy, was ap-pointed Director of the newly-created garden. During the first 5-7 years an orangery, laboratory building and fence appeared on the desigated site, and the first scientific research got un-der way. Valuable plant species were collected during field expeditions to the Caucasus foothills, the Caucasus itself and the European part of Russia. Stavropols colleagues in other Russian botanical gardens also shared their collections. Over the past 50 years of the Stavropol gardens existence its employees have managed to collect 60,000 different seeds, and its territory has expanded to 185 hectares- an area without equal amongst collections in the South of Russia. Flowers, bushes, trees, peren-nial and annual grasses, and exotic plants from entirely different parts of the world peacefully coexist in this ecological oasis. The staff s focused scientific research work has enabled it to grow its own original plants. These riches are eagerly shared with the resi-dents of Stavropol Krai. The Botanical Garden is always open to visitors, and

many examples of its unique greenery decorate the citys recreation zones and private dachas and allotments throughout the Krai.

Any other state capital in southern Russia can look with envy at the unique city of forests created by Stavropols excellent location. Four forests and numerous wooded parklands are located within (!) the city, named one of the RSFSRs greenest in the early 1970s, and now it is also easily the most in bloom, with dozens of flower displays.

From Poplars to Flower PicturesThe founding of Gorzelenstroy (City Green Construction) after World War 2 opened the citys modern greening, although professional horticulture has existed in the city since the 19th century. Stavropol urgently needed to be greened after the war, says its Director, Galina Selemeneva. It began with the planting of poplars in the 1950s. There were no nurseries, so the undemanding and well-established poplar was chosen from the limited selection, and the city, especially Lenin Street, was quickly transformed. The poplars looked like majestic cypresses framing the roadway.In the 1960s local people helped build the city square few cities centres can boast a similar green oasis, which covers over 3 hectares and Stavropols image was made. The citys landscape designers won awards at all kinds of exhibitions during the next two decades.

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year Gorzelenstroy took over gardening at the Kulakov veterans home, and the whole of Kulakov Road is to be beautified.

Public-Private BeautificationStavropol has been lucky in that its leaders have seen that the city gardens are important and need stable financing, and the current mayor, Nikolai Paltsev, has truly revived them. In 2010 the gardens budget doubled to 50 million roubles, of which 15 million has gone on new green spaces. The already-extant areas are gradually increasing in size and inproving in quality and beauty.The two new squares opened in the run-up to the 65th Victory Day were Stavropols first public-private partnerships, and more are currently under consideration.

It is impossible not to return to the subject of Stavropols forests, which are largely responsible for keeping the city one of Russias greenest. Compared with a national average of 20, Stavropol has 100 square metres of woodland per resident, and preserving it and increasing that ratio figure amongst the governments priorities. After a lost decade, when the forest belonged to no-one both in law and in practice, an era of order is beginning. The process of surveying them for the Land Registry is nearing completion, which should enable them to become city property, and enable other legal owners to put their houses in order. An autonomous municipal organisation, Stavropol City Forestry, has been given responsibility for their security, preservation and development. All of which gives us reason to believe that Stavropol will hold onto its Green title well into the future. Mariya Chunikhina

The crisis-hit late 1980s and early 1990s reduced even the city centre to a lamentable state, but from 1993 the post-war traditions gradually re-turned. Streets and squares were rebuilt and the greenery put in order. The specialists now had new ideas and tried to add new elements.

Beauty Begins On the OutsideAlexandroskaya Square (Angel Square), created from scratch, came first. The designers tried to combine city pomp with a

pleasant place to relax. Designed in the classic palace style, the square lacks shady groves but underlines the angels symbolic importance and laconically adjoins Lenin Square. The centre of the city, its face, is now beautifully-kept. And the outskirts? The arterial roads have been beautified with, among other innovations, a lawn on the hard shoulder and roundabouts, and a quiet square by the city dairy. More work is planned for this year.Several main roads are to receive concrete flower cups with floral compositions just right to leaven the uniformity of the grass adjacent to the main road and to block out the billboards, and their being raised will preserve the flowers from dust from the traffic. All in all, the South-West region is no longer an ignored outskirt, but has a full complement of government-financed greenery. The North-West remains behind, but there are encouraging signs. This

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Be it residential construction, road repairs or hospital and school renovation, everything should end with the beautification of the site, states Nikolai Paltsev. Otherwise the satisfaction gained from the work disappears. Professional landscaping always highlights beauty and individuality and completes any building

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Industrys reputation heavily depends on its ecological safety. Al-though the memory of metallurgical and chemical giants pouring smoke into the sky is still strong, any modern company must have a radically different attitude to the environment if it is to prosper. One example of ecologically sound industry in Stavropol is the fertiliser producer Nevinnomysskiy Azot, part of the EuroChem group.

Everything Unnecessary Is Scrap15 years ago the blinding-white phosphogypsum slag and the reddish-brown smoke-laden foxtail piling out of the chemical plants chimneys could be spotted from afar. Today the foxtail is gone, and the slag is being removed for processing. Even better, the effluent cleaning ponds are now populated by lively ducks and gracefully royal white herons which return and raise their

,

,

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EVERYTHING HAS TO GOSOMEWHERE

Commoners Second Law of Ecology

Concerning the inevitable waste resulting

from human activity and the consequent need

to consider its later reuse as much

as its reduction.

EuroChems Ecological Vector

Atmospheric emissions cut by two-thirds

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DISCOVERY INNOVATIONS

young after their winter migration every year.. Its no big surprise, shrugs the plants Technical Director, Sergei Kononov. The high-emission, 1960s-era production has ended and the workshops have been completely renovated, with great investment in environmental protection, and as a result emis-sions have been reduced by 24.6% over the past seven years. We should go another 900 tonnes below the authorised limit by 2015. Given that 15-17,000 tonnes of pollution were emitted annually in the 1980s, emissions now are one third of that.

Nevinnomyssks 34 Proposals Although the companys share of Nevinnomyssks pollution is now 7-8% at most, it has still produced an Ecological Programme for 2008-2015 to reduce emissions by at least 20%. Its highlights include gas analysers to improve the burning of natural gas and new gas cleaning systems in to lower emissions of ammonia by 105 tonnes, oxides of nitrogen by 5 tonnes, mineral fertiliser dust by 10 tonnes,

and more. The construction of a new melamine plant should reduce the workload of the granulation node and recycle part of the urea melt as melamine. Measures will also be taken to reduce waste water.The citys own programme has the same aims. It opens with 34 fully-funded proposals, some of which are already in action, put forward by Nevinnomysskiy Azot. A protocol on air-quality monitoring and ecological improve-ment signed last year by the Krai, the city and the company is in operation. In 2010-2011 the company will purchase the neces-

sary equipment and install three monitoring posts in conjunc-tion with the Krai and the state hydrometeorological and envi-ronmental monitoring centre.

Green Investment in StavropolThe 50-year-old company continues to develop its product range in complete compliance with the city mayors concept of Nevin-nomyssk as a high-tech but green city. The environmental im-pact of new capabilities is so meticulously assessed that really only the ultra-modern passes, says EuroChems chief ecologist. The new melamine plant underwent all the stages of federal compliance, and only then did construction begin. I emphasise that the company consciously agreed to raise the projects cost as a result of environmental recommendations by the German consultancy Lurgi. European environmental laws turned out to be more liberal than russian.The new low-pressure melamine technology chosen will actually reduce emissions by 40 tonnes per year while creating 1500-2000 construction jobs and meeting Russian demand for melamine, a

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around 400 million roubles on the environment.

40 The introduction to service of Russias first melamine production facility will reduce harmful emissions by

more than 40 tonnes a year.

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The companys programme The Environment and Health of the Population of Nevinnomyssk is a new step towards improving the areas ecological health

and encouraging healthy living

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raw material used in environmentally-sound adhesives, laquers and wood treatments. In Sochi in September 2009 the Krais Governor presented the project to Prime Minister Putin as one of Stavropols most prom-ising EuroChem will invest 180 million euros in the Krai and Nevinnomysskiy Azots Managing Director, Victor Kayl, filled the Premier in on the technical, economic and environmental details. Putin agreed to the use of imported technology and praised the chemical industrys work in introducing innovation and high technology. Incidentally,the Governor is personally supervising

the building work, and began his first official visit to the city in 2010 at the site. The State Parliament is also involved, and its Eco-nomic Development Committee visited the site in April 2010. Delegates from the entire Krai were acquainted with Stavropols most socially and economically important investment programmes at the United Russia party conference on 2 July 2010, including the melamine plant and Nevinnomyssks industrial park, both of which were presented by the Mayor, Constantine Khramov.

The Unique Community AspectThanks to Nevinnomysskiy Azot, the city is one of very few whose entire sewer system is maintained and operated at private ex-pense. This division, opened in 1968, occupies 50 hectares, and included 14 pumping staions, 4 filtration points, 12 sump tanks, 16 aerotanks and more. The sanitised water flows into the River Barsuchki after 4-5 days. The aerotanks, the key to the process, occupy 24,000 square me-tres, where activated sludge basically eats organic waste. The sediment then passes to a second sump tank, and then the water moves on for ozoning and finishing before being discharged as clean water into the Barsuchki, where carp fishermen are a rou-tine sight. The plant cleans 60,000 cubic metres of water daily, or 25 million annually.According to the chairman of the citys utilties commission, Nev-innomyssk is the only city in the NCFO where a private company

not only cleans all the municipal sewage, but does so using bio-logical means, and at a price significantly less than the Krai aver-age. The search is on to find a replacement for the mechanical decontamination of the tanks.

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2008-2015 . An Ecological Programme for 2008-2010 is in force at

EuroChems Nevinnomysskiy subsidiary.

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Nevinnomyssk is the only city in the NCFO where a private company has taken the citys sewage

treatment upon itself and cleans it using biological means, which significantly raises output quality.

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Me, You, He, She Were a Healthy Nation!EuroChem regards the environment of the local area as critically important, and has launched a 16-million-rouble, three-year pilot programme of grants to promote ecological awareness and healthy lifestyles. Sports grounds, a winter garden, Stavropols first ecology class, hospital equipment and much more have appeared as a re-sult, and over 3000 children have attended related events. These are long-term programmes which will benefit locals for years to come.

Ecological Project of the YearIn December 2008 EuroChem was awarded Ecological Proj-ect of the Year by the federal government for its work to improve the environmental management of its mineral fertiliser production. This gave the firm the right to use an official winners mark in its business. The aim of the prize is to encourage produc-tion, scientific and research innovation in the feield of en-vironmental protection and stimulate pollution-reduction projects, and also to promote public awareness of ecological issues. Marina Shikhova

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EuroChems activities have been awarded the title of Ecological Project of the

krai 3

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