1

KRISS Activity of Air Monitoring

Center for Gas Analysis

Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science

jkim@kriss.re.kr

Jin Seog Kim

◼ International System of Reliability

◼ Preparation of Gas CRMs

◼ Monitoring of Greenhouse Gases

◼ Measurement of Air Quality

Contents

Environment : Atmosphere, Water

Soil, Waste

Health : Bio-analysis, Food, Medical

Human Eng.

Safety: Construction, Security

Sensor

National Metrology Institute of South

Korea

Clean environment, Reliable medical service, Safe living condition

Dissemination of National Measurement Standards

International

Standards

NMI

Accredited Calibration/Testing Laboratories

RM Producers

(ISO 17025, ISO 17034)

Industries, Research Institutes, Testing/Inspection Labs,

Environmental Monitoring, Health/Medical Agencies, etc

- National Metrology System -

Legal Metrology

OIML

International

Organization for

Legal Metrology

MetrologyDocument

Standards

Conformity

assessment

CGPMGeneral Conference

on

Weights & Measures

ISOInternational

Organization for

Standardization

ILACInternational

Lab. Accreditation

Conference

CIML

International

Committee for

Legal Metrology

CIPM

International

Committee on

Weights & Measures

IECAPLAC

Asia Pacific

Lab. Accreditation

Cooperation

KATS KRISS KATSKATS

(KOLAS)

Measurement in science technology, business transaction, etc

International

Body

Local

Organization

ApprovalMeasurement

StandardKS Accreditation

ITC

Technical

Committees

1. Preparation of Gas CRM

◼ Purity assessment of source gases ◼Molecular weights of source gases (isotopic ratio)

◼ Impurity analysis based on final concentration

◼ Accurate mixing (Gravimetry)

◼ Internal consistency by comparison (4 cyl. at a time)

◼ Short-term stabilty (equal division method, within 7days)

◼ Long-term stability test (after 3 months for reactive gas)

◼ Validation of life time by periodical reproduction

Balance capacity

26 kg/1 mg• Easier, faster, highly precise:

rotation type

• Pressure, temperature, relative

humidity recorded

automatically

• Two or three cylinders

measured serially (e.g., A-B-A-

B, A-B-C-A-B-C, or A-C-A-C

cylinders)

• RUweighing = 0.02 % @ 100

μmol/mol O2 in N2

Cylinder Weighing System

Accurate weighing of source gases in Cyl.

Reliability of Gas CRM

Document Standards

Measurement Standards

Lab. Accreditation

ISO 6142, 6143

ISO 17034

ISO/IEC 17025

Internal Analytical Procedures

PRMs (KC cylinders)

Calibration of Mass, T, P

KC/SC report

CMC list

Review by expert

2. Monitoring of Greenhouse Gases

◆ Greenhouse Gases effect to Global Warming

and should be monitored

◆ Global Atmosphere Watch Program needs

precise and stable standard reference gas

mixtures

◆ WMO designates Central Calibration Lab

(CCL) for developing accurate and precise

references

◆ NMIs establish Primary methods for

accurate measurement and support CCLs

International comparison

CCQM-K52 Ambient Level CO2

Coordinating Lab: VSL

Substance: Carbon dioxide in Synthetic Air

CCQM-K82 Ambient Level CH4 BIPM/NIST

Comparison results vs. Data Quality Objectives of WMO-GAW

DQO = ± 2 nmol/mol

CCQM-K83 Ambient level halocarbons also published in KCDB

Deviation

[nmol/mol]

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

NMIJ NIM VSL WCCGMD/NOAA VNIIM KRISSNIST

A B C D E

International comparison

CCQM-K68 Ambient Level N2O

Coordinating Lab: KRISS

Subatance: Nitrous oxide 320 nmol/mol in Synthetic Air

13

Korean Global Atmospheric Watch Program

- Monitoring sites

Anmyeon Island

Kosan observatory, Jeju

Ulleung Island

- Remote Sampling sites

Baekryeong Island

Hucksan Island

- Observation Components:

CO2, CH4, N2O, CO, AWS

CFCs, SF6, PFCs, HFCs, δ13C, δ18O

KGAW 기상청

흑산관측소

울릉관측소

백령관측소

고산관측소

Application of Remote Observation to Dokdo

• Set up CO2/CH4 CRDS System in Dokdo

- At East Dokdo (Altitude 98.6m)

- Automatic Water Removal System and Calibration System controlled by KMA

- Operated by KMA

Automatic Water Removal in the Atm. Sample Continuously and Remote management

Knowledge Transfer: GNL &

KNJ Engineering

Application: Dokdo (KMA)

Ship Araon (Polar Research)

Anmyeon Island (KMA)

Kosan in Jeju (Environ. Manag.)

3. Measurement of Air Quality

◆ Monitoring & Measurement Components- CO, NO & NO2, SO2, Formaldehyde

- PM10 & PM2.5, Ozone, VOCs, Odor Chemicals

- Automobile emission control

◆ Regulation by Government (Control by law)

◆ Selection Instruments, Operation procedure,

Quality control, Periodically testing

◆ Reporting uncertainty

Legal Notification on Model Approval of

Environmental Measurement Instrument and

Quality Control

- Testing method of quality control

- Procedure of QA on the results of QC

- Uncertainty evaluation procedure

Componant

Measurement Period

Automatic

measurementData formation

SO2, CO, NO2, O3 5 min. Average of 1 hours

PM-10, PM-2.5 1 hour (special 5 min.) Value of 1 hour

Set up and Operation Guide of Air Quality Monitoring System

- Measurement method and period, Site selection

- Instrument control, Periodical inspection, Quality control

Contract operation (private companies)

- Monthly regular checking including calibration

- In the case of malfunction of instrument, check in that day

Quality control

For increasing reliability of measurement, Check daily, weekly and monthly

Specified inspection and calibration, and Keep record in specified paper

Management of measurement results

- Reporting data of one hour average per measurement site

Significant digits: SO2, NO2, O3 -> 0.001ppm,

CO -> 0.1ppm, Particles -> 1㎍/㎥

Measurement Site should be equipped with the MFC Gas diluter for

calibration, and Certified Reference Gas Mixtures (CO, SO2, NO )

(the expanded uncertainty should be less or equal than 2 % )

KRISS provide 100 umol/mol CO, SO2, NO with 1 % uncertainty.

Evaluation of precision and accuracy of measurement instrument

(once per year)

Repeated measurement more than three times by CRM or RM

Precision: less than 3% Accuracy: within 5%

1) Precision (%)=(SD/Average of measured values)*100

2) Accuracy (%)=(Average of error/reference value)*100

Detailed Guide of Measurement Instrument

On-site management: one time per month

1) Checking Zero

2) Span Calibration (generally the drift is less than 5 ppb)

(Uncert. of CRM 1 % (k=2) 100 ppm -> dilute to 400 ppb)

Fine Particle Measurement(PM10 & PM2.5 Monitoring)

Accuracy management

(1) Filter, Sampling flow amount

(2) Accuracy of Temp. Sensor ± 2.0 ℃

(3) Accuracy of Pressure Sensor ± 10 mmHg

Testing Items Reference

Number of Managed Instruments 3

Number of Measurement 14 days ×2 times

Concentration range of measurement 5 ~ 1,000 ㎍/m3

Accuracy 85 %

Slope (ax + b) 1 ± 0.1

b -5.0 ~ +5.0

Relative Precision 10 %

Comparison with well managed instruments (2times per year)

Measurement of fine particles

Mass

Concentration

Number

Concentration

▷off-line: weighing

after sampling

▷on-line: continuous

collecting and

measurement of mass

concentration

▷On-line: real time

measurement of

number concentration

Traceability

- mass

- flow

Traceability

- Electric Current

- Flow

Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) and Aerosol Electrometers (AEs) were compared separately during the same week 13-17 Nov 2017 at TROPOS (Leipzig)

WMO-GAW World Calibration Centre for Aerosol Physics; holds regular comparisons for WMO-GAW and ACTRIS (European infrastructure project)

CCQM K150/P189

Source – Ag nanoparticles, in a narrow size range,nominally either 40 or 50 nm, selected by electrical mobility

Results (anonymised); Reference = mean of all

-30,00

-20,00

-10,00

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

Lab C1 Lab C2 Lab C3 Lab C4 Lab C5 Lab C6 Lab C7 Lab C8 Lab C9

% D

EVIA

TIO

N F

RO

M M

EAN

OF

ALL

PA

RTI

CIP

AN

TS

Condensation Particle Counters

40 nm 20.000 cm-3 40 nm 10,000 cm-3 40 nm 4,000 cm-3 40 nm 1,000 cm-3 40 nm 100 cm-3

50 nm 20,000 cm-3 50 nm 10,000 cm-3 50 nm 4,000 cm-3 50 nm 1,000 cm-3 50 nm 100 cm-3

KRISS

Conclusions

⚫ Contributions to national measurement system on Gas Analysis in Korea

- provide CRMs and establish analytical system for the clean environments

- establish measurement procedure for the monitoring of air quality

⚫ Reliability of Gas Mixtures comes from third party review,

such as proficiency test, international comparison, and/or

audit by experts

40th GAWG Meeting, 8th-9th Apr. 2019, CIEP, Sevres