kunio yoshikawa innovative japanese waste to-green product technologies economically viable beccs
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waste to-green product technologiesTRANSCRIPT
Innovative Japanese Waste-to-Green Product Technologies: Economically
Viable BECCS
Kunio Yoshikawa Professor
Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan
Oil and Fertilizer Price Change
Coal-CCS
Coal
Earth Flue Gas
Electricity
Earth
Electricity
Fertilizer
Biomass
CO2
(Without Economical Incentive)
(With Economical Incentive)
Economically Viable BECCS
Biomass-CCS
Income from Waste Treatment +
Income from selling product > Labor cost + Utility cost + Capital cost
Increase Increase Decrease Decrease Decrease
・Deficiency of landfill area ・Environmental concern on land-filling
・Fuel price increase ・Fertilizer price increase
・Automation ・Cheap labor
・Self energy generation
・Technology standardization ・Technology licensing
E f f e c t o f N e w T e c h n o l o g i e s
N e w M a r k e t
Condition for Profitable Waste-to-Green Product Business
Resource Recycling System ① Waste-to-Coal Technology MSW (Municipal Solid Waste), Hospital Waste
② Waste-to-Fertilizer Technology Sewage Sludge, Animal Manure, Food Waste
③ Waste-to-Electricity Technology Biomass Wastes
① Waste-to-Coal Technology
MSW input
Hydrothermal Treatment of MSW
Boiler
Product
Fuel Steam
Water Treatment
Condenser
Water Clean Water
Motor Reactor
Dry Product
Air-blow drying
Cement Kiln
(220℃,2.5MPa)
(15%)
(85%)
MSW = Municipal Solid Waste
Material input
product out
Coal
Pulverizer
Mixer Bunker
Treated MSW
In Cement Production Line
Application of Waste-to-Coal
Commercial Plants
Hospital Wastes (3m3) Municipal Solid Wastes (12m3)
Profitability of Waste-to-Coal • Treatment capacity of MSW : 100tons/day • Investment for full treatment plant with 2 reactors – 3 M US$. • Moisture content of MSW : 65 % • Production per annum on dry basis –12,600 tons/year (100tons/day X 0.35 X 360 days) • Boiler fuel: 15% of RDF will be utilized as a boiler fuel – 1,890 tons/year • Annual operation period: 360days • Daily operation: 24 hours/day • Maintenance cost/year (3% of the capital cost) – 0.09 M US$/year • VC and FC – (labor, electricity… ) – 0.06 M US$/year • Capital cost (5 years depreciation) – 0.6 M US$/year • Total expenditure – 0.75 M US$/year • Income by selling the product fuel – 1.61 M US$/year (150 US$/ton x (12,600-1,890)tons/year)
② Waste-to-Fertilizer Technology
Sewage sludge treatment
Hydrothermal treatment
Mechanical dehydration
Water content 80%
Water content
85%
Water content 55%
Water content 10~20%
Fast natural drying (24 hours)
Separated water
Heavy metal Nutrient (N, P, K)
36,000 US$/ton
Commercial Plants
Food Wastes (10m3) Japan
Sewage Sludge (7.8 m3) China
Profitability of Waste-to-Fertilizer • Treatment capacity of Sewage sludge : 30tons/day • Investment for full treatment plant with 2 reactors – 1 M US$ • Moisture content of sludge : 80 % • Solid fuel production per annum on dry basis –2,160 tons/year (30tons/day X 0.2 X 360 days) • Boiler fuel: 100% of RDF will be utilized as a boiler fuel – 2,160tons/year • Liquid fertilizer production per annum –10,800tons/year (30tons/day X 360days) • Annual operation period: 360days • Daily operation: 24 hours/day • Maintenance cost/year (3% of the capital cost) – 0.03 M US$/year • VC and FC – (labor, electricity… ) – 0.02 M US$/year • Capital cost (5 years depreciation) – 0.2 M US$/year • Total expenditure – 0.25 M US$/year • Income by selling the liquid fertilizer – 2.16 M US$/year (200 US$/ton x 10,800tons/year)
③ Waste-to-Electricity Technology
System analysis O2 supply 52.72 (kg/hr)
100151.96 kg 144.83 kg
O2 supply (kg/hr)909 K 79.66
Producer gasComposition (%)H2 18.19%CO 36.78%CH4 1.00%CO2 44.03% 5.59E+05 MJ/hr
254.94 155.17 kW
Efficiency
Work output
31.91%
Total mass(kg/hr)
Biomassinput
(kg/hr):
Gasifier
Heat Exchanger
ASUCO2 storage
17
Chicken manure
Air
Syngas •CO •H2
•CH4
Fixed bed updraft gasifier
Temparature distribution Gas temp.:<100℃ Carbonizing Temp.:About 500℃ Agitator :About 800℃程度 Char :About 500℃
Outline of the carbonizer
Bio-char fertilizer
18 (N:5%, P:5%, K:5%)
Electricity
Commercial Plant
Chicken Manure Dryer Unit
Use of Chicken Body Heat and Excess Heat Energy (Water Content 70% → 15%)
Gasification Plant
300,000 Chikens
10 tons/day Dry Manure
Electricity 250kW
Bio-char fertilizer
5 tons/day
0.40 US$/kWh
200 US$/ton
Annual Income 0.79 M US$
Annual Income 0.36 M US$
Plant Cost: 1.5 M US$
Profitability