kurukshetra- english may 2012

7/28/2019 Kurukshetra- English May 2012

1/48

Te Montly Journal

MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Vol. 60 No. 7 Pages 52

May 2012

CONTENTS

Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message o Rural Development to all people. It serves as a orum or ree, rank and serious discussion on the

problems o Rural Development with special ocus on Rural Uplit.The views expressed by the authors i the articles are their ow. They do ot ecessarily refect the views o the govermet or the orgaizatios they

work or.

The readers are requested to veriy the claims i the advertisemets regardig career guidace books/istitutios. Kurukshetra does ot ow

resposibility.

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l RuRal TouRism PaTh To Economic

& REgional DEvEloPmEnT in inDia Dr jt mkerjee 3

l FaRm BasED RuRal TouRism in KERala Dr. gr Je 7l RuRal TouRism a Global View T. Prk

Dr. m. Per 11

l EnlaRging ThE PoTEnTial oF RuRal

TouRism in inDia Br mk 13

l TouRism : an EnginE To Economic

GRowTh in The RuRal economy of

himachal PRaDEsh Dr. J s Prr 17

l agRi TouRism: an innovaTivE n B ube

incomE gEnERaTion avEnuE h v Brte 21

l icT: a caTalyTic inTeRVenTion foR

empoweRinG RuRal india ap hzr 27

l RuRal solid wasTe manaGemenT:

issuEs anD acTion Pr cdr mr 30

l RGGVy: TuRninG The wheel of RuRal india myk arw

gr mk 36

l hydRoponics: a boon foR Drt Prd

incREasED agRiculTuRal PRoDucTion a R 38

in climaTE changE ERa

l hiTech TechnoloGy foR culTiVaTion Dr. R.s. ser 42

of some VeGeTables in soilless culTuRe Dr. s gpt

Kp ser

Dr. m. Pdey

l doctor farmer Drt Prd 44

mEnTha: a mEDicinal PlanT a R

l aGRomeT adVisoRy seRVices foR The faRmeRs srt Brr 48

CHIEF EDITORRINA SONOwAL KOULI

EDITORKAPIL KUMAR

JOInT DI RECTOR

VINOD KUMAR MEENACOVER DESIGnANJU ShARMA

EDITORIAL OFFICEROOM NO. 661, NIRMAN BHAVANA-WING (GATE NO.5),MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT,NEW DELHI-110011

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2/48

Kurukshetra May 201222

InsIde

Rr tr rrety te f f ttet trt te wrd

d be rezed prtt tret f rwt fr te

rr ey. Per re Rr tr, w de

e tr d fr tr t ree e pprtte fr te rr

pepe.

i id were 70 per et f te ppt e rr re d re

depedet ey rtre, ewer pprtte eed t be reted d

Rr tr erty tp f te rt f ff t dre.

w , t , r tr t rrt r

te t jrty f te ppt.

Rr id t ffer beyd rtre. it ret ptet fr

dfferet eet f tr ke e tr, detre tr, et tr,

fr tr, tre tr, tr tr, re tr d te ke.

w tr gr grg t rt 4 r t, tr trv

prt f rr tr rw t rte f 10 per et t 30 per et.

stde te bjet e ded tt tere edee tt Erpe rr

tr de prtt trbt t rr e bt t te ee f te

v rr r t t. w t r

bttt fr rtr e, t deered ppeetry e d

ter-etr ke.

Te prte f tr retr f jb pprtte be dertd

fr te ft tt id eery e eted tr rete 47.5 jb

drety d rd 85-90 jb drety. i pr, rtre rete y

44.6 jb d ftr ere 12.6 jb. mreer tr te trd ret

fre exe erer fter e d jeweery d redy de ret.

E prt, rb pepe wt t ee rr id be e tt

were tey be.


3/48


wt tr ee pprty

te wrd er, tere bee f

reet yer rr tr d

e tr. it eery reed tt f prpery

ped, deeped d ed, rr tr

r e tr pre te tdrd

f te ppt we pprt te

rvt t tr t. w

tr eered dy dtry

id, te ee t tke dte f te

tt by er bet e f te tre

et.

oe y k wt rr tr? Te

RuRal TouRism

Path to Economic & REgional

DEvEloPmEnt in inDia

Dhurjai Mukherjee

eret tke brd ew. ay fr

f tr tt we rr fe, rt, tre

rtg t rr , tr gte ty ey d y

g tr t t trt

d te fr re er tr

experee, be tered rr tr,

Tr mtry py pper pted t. Rr

tr vt tk

pe te tr. it t

et fr/rtr tr, tr tr,

tre tr, detre tr d etr.

a gt v tr, rr tr

rt t rtr: it xr-

th uis pliy pl l phsis n uis, spilly h uninus s h

Nh es n h Hilyn gin s ls h islns h ann & Nib n Lkshwp

p h nul sus hs s n vlp h s p n vll sgy ipv

the economic condions of the people of these regions.


4/48


rt; t r t, t

predty tr eret d t

t rrv tr, rtg

tr.

Ecoourism

nt eerye ppe brd

deft. Etr -- w er wt te

preert f te eret -- bee

fbe tee dy. ad e eret

d te tr dtry wd ke t f

etr rter t rr tr, w d

e dw-rket, r-t-t tt.

Etr d rr tr re t exty te

e bt be bbed teter fr reter

beeft.

o r tt k tte Ert st tw dede bk, pter

13 f aed 21 f te b beprt fr tbe

deepet w deted t t fre

eyte d tbe t deepet

wt pe ep t d y

trr. T gt r t vt

tr t trt k t r

id.

seer reer prre d prjet

e bee rred t wt t d rr

re te f fr frter tr deepet.Te t tr py trded 2002,

detfed rr tr f re t eerte

epyet d prte tbe ed

tr deepet f rt, rft, tre,

erte, d, et. ard t te 2002

py, pe trt w t be prted t rr

tr d tr etteet, were

zbe et f r tre d tr wet

ext.

Te tr py ped t f ep

etr, pey te t ref te nrt Et d te hy re

te d f te ad & nber d

lkdweep t tp te tr rere f

tee re d deep te prt f er

trtey t pre te e dt f

te pepe f tee re. hweer, te

teret f trt fr tee pe rety

bee te re t t deepet

f frtrtre e f te re tke

pe, pey te fr-f rete re.

Rr tr rt rt

rt rt t r. etr rr

tr re te e y ee. Tey re

rey. Rr tr y t eery

t rttr r rv. it

re ty-reted we etr

r r vrt

rt vt.

Te pt bt ty eet w

m md, g gt

eeer d

deepet ty

tt te mtry f

Tr ked t ete

te rr tr ee.

it rrt,

J 2007 r v r

r, rv:

i rder t ke te

ee re ef,

t ery prtt tt

te tee e

be ded wt te

ty befre te

trt f te prjet.Fer f te kw

e w , bt

t dppered te

prjet dertke.

Xepb bee

reed fr te d

f te pepe, te

reprt ted.

Fear of Foreigners

at t ,te fer f freer w

jt e f te b e

tt r t

f trt t te te

e by te eret

d te unDP. Fr te

trt, te te d te


5/48


vtg tr rt, r, tr,

e d tr bety. Bt dre ded

k rtrtr g t,

rkg tr ; k

; k

wree bt te prte d te eed fr de.

mt f te e e bee ddreed.

wt t trvt t mtr Tr,

tere bee derbe e, te mtt

mDd reprt ted. Te rr tr

ee bee be ee t br te

tte rr tkeder t wt te

tr etr t ree epyet. Te

reprt pted t: Rr tr t te ed,

bt te e t tte e rwt,

t ree te bty f derdeeped

t, d t pre te tdrd f

ppt. oe t dey te ft ttwt prper frtrtre pe, rr tr

etr erty te ptet t

eerte re-e epyet. i ft, te

deepet f tr ptfr rd te

ept f rr tr deftey ef fr

try ke id, were er 70 per et f te

ppt rede t x e.


6/48


Boomline

yt rg t r tr

q rtt. ar , tr t t t

ber f trt y pk t te Tj m

d Kjr. Tdy, d te b e

wdw, tr bee key fre-exe erer. ard t mtry f Tr

gr, rg-xg rg r tr r

t r us$15 rt t

tt r trt vg i r t

t rd 7 t 8 .

De t etr, t y be dertd

trv t rg, r r .

it ep edte te treer we t te e

t vt grt r rv

vt t r, tr g

t . etr vr , rtrtr r

gr, t r r rv.

Bt te etr d tte eret e

repbty t f ew re tt te

rg t tr r .

i id, t a tre, t

t g t

vrt rv trt rr vt

t vrt v . mt

re d re bee e bee ppr

te bt reet yer prk, brd tre d

rt v rt z r trt.

it eery te preet t te wrd te wder

tt i t tr

tr t tr vz

tt w br, bred d beked ere.

a eery reed, rr tr e f te

drer f e rwt d epyet

gr r t 80 tr. it t

t rg rr vrt,

epyet f we bede trete te

tt rr r, rg rg

exe et. a , t eery t rete tergt vrt t rt fdi tg

t rqr g t rrk

tg t r t t rt. it

r tt rg k k

prjet t etr t y ree te pbty

rg rx t tbe berk

fr te ftre.

dvg t t, i vr

eted tr rete 47.5 jb drety d

rd 85-90 jb drety ( b etr ke

t rtrt, trrt t.),

rtre rete 44.6 jb d ftr

ere 12.6 jb. mreer tr te trd ret

rg xg rr r g jr

d redy de ret.

a -tr vt, g

ere prded by re f pper, rr

tr re were tr pb-prte

rtr r rt, rr

e te ber f tre beyd tr -- fr

expe, rr deepet, tre, eret

d trb wefre -- tt d be fy ed. it

rt t r tt t u

Tr mter reety ed p te prte

tr t tk v rt tr vtr trt t nrt et

tr tt rkg t

rg .a e fred tt

x t tr

bdet fr te nrt Et d re fd wd be

de be reqet fr prte pertr

d tte eret.

Rr tr t et te id

bt t bd t rw. Tere e rket t

tere. Te experee f y tre w tt

rr tr be ee terte ref ed d epyet. Te prbe

wt rr tr re, f re, te e wt

y rr deepet prjet. str e-ee

t, tk t x

t rjt t, g g

g rr tr.

T t t jtre, we tere r

debte er te wrd te eed fr tbe

vt r -r

v t, t rv t gv -

rd ereet t etr d rr

tr wy tt t d be ed by

t t tr trvr ,

tr, ep te pre f rr deepet f te

try.

[th uh is ln wi n

vlpn issus, bsd in Kolkaa.

e-il: [email protected]]


7/48


Rr tr epe brd re f

v t t t

wt fr tr w rrety te

trgt er. i

tre, epey ter gery, tere

g tr rr tr rg

r. agrtr rg

deepet pe trt Erpe e

rt gt r r-rt

tr v. Vg Kr v kt t tt t t tr

FaRm BasED RuRal TouRism iN KERala

Dr. Gracious James

rg t rt r trt, rg

fr Tr g v

rv tr rt. wt r

t t r t tr jr

trt t r r-t, , rr

d rd, Ker dbtedy id t

rtt t tt. Kr t

r t r t r rr, t,

r. T r r tgtr

6.89 k , g r 31.58 r tf te et rpped re te tte d 43 per

Villgs in Kl hv kil is hspiliy wih h iinl wy ing attract more tourists, creating a heady concoction called Farm Tourism.


8/48


et f te re der tee rp te try.

Ker re t r rr

91 r t, r 75 r t, 22

per et dr te yer 2008-09. Ker re

t r t 5 rt rg 2008-09.

Ker, be rtr dted tte,

tr t r vg fr Tr

g tt vtt

Ker 30.22 k etre f r

rpped re w 56.78% f te stte tt

erp re. Te stte bt 350,000

k tr r tvt. wt

teret, tee be erted

t trt ttrt rder t trfer te

beeft f tr drety t te frer. Fr

bed Rr Tr effete ed fr

tbe rr deepet, et rr

perty d ft rr epyet. iKer te rtr etr w ted

wt rr eret, trbte y 13% t

t tt t rt (sdp) t

prry etr trbt p t 17%. Te Fr-

bed Rr Tr Ker t ret

te ptt etr tr ddt e

eert d bt te e f rtre

etr. it t te ret f yer f

epyet pprtte fr te edted

epyed te rtre etr w

terwe pt fr -rtre tte.

Farm Tourism-A non-seasonal approach

Fr bed rr tr -e

tr prdt d t t be prted .

E-tr Ker be ked wt rr

tr t jv t rr

t trw pe tr re fr trt t by

rg t trt r rg r

rrvg t , g t

r. m r v v vv

ret f te deepet f fr tr. Tey

re:

Fr tr etre Fr e d fr p

sef-ded fr tr

e vt tr

ntr t rk trg

r eer rtre tp

fr str : ex r qt

Rdde td e fre fr prdt d

r t

Pre f fr prdt d e

a dy pt fr tr t ret ke b

by tree

fr s t t rr k c r mr

mtre ve

Fr Tee Pyrd fr cdre

art r t v, r rt

v, g r-rg, g

g, r v r. Tr

rg t rkt r r- rr tr

epey fr fre trt Ker. Te t f

, , rr trv t

Fr-Tr w wde te trt be. Te

r vg rt vg e d te rty t er bt re f

fd, pt, , rw ter ke wd,

r, gg, tr, tr, r

d rr fetye. Fr-Tr w ree

rd frer, e d rtre te

t t t rt t gt

. Rr g, v, , r

t tr rv vr trtt

t t r . p r tt r

f pr-tre e t ke fe re peef.

ayred w pr-tre ed ppr

rt e. Tr e fr

rg . p trqt

re bt Fr-bed Rr Tr t wy

fr rb re d e t tre.

Vg rv vrt rr t

rt trg v r.

artr eret rd frer d te

r r r rt rt

rb dweer. Pe f rtr

prte ke et rp yed fr, et

yed fr, pre t d fr

r v tr r t t

trt. Fr-bed Rr Tr d retewree bt rr fe d kwede bt

rtre ee rb dre.

Trg gt r r t vgr t

p. Te frer etert te et we

etert ef te pre. he t ke

xtv tr t

ftte e tr tpere. Tere


9/48


ree te ber f trt preferr -

rb trt pt. hee, tere pe fr te

r -r trt t trr

e by etb Fr-bed Rr Tr

etre.

Farm-based accommodaonTrt vr

fr d y f tee re redy preet

Kr, g xv vv

e. Bt tere t betwee be

trt t tt trt

t Ker. atg rr tr

vrt vr t , t

t r r tr

te rr re fr. i y tre fr-

rrt gt

rr t tt . fr

expe, rd 18 peret f trt bed pe

atr re ted fr. at preet, 50 peret

t Kr trt

Erk d Trtpr dtrt.

a grtr r trt

derbe teter wt te dper f trt

tr. o vrg, 850 trt

r eed t be dded e yer t eet te

rwt ded er te ext tw dede. at

preet, t bkwter rert d ebt

re t te ed f te pre petr d

eqety t f re f te ere trt,

t rg. Kr rgtr g grt r vr t

wt ty er 47 per et f 33.38 rre pepe

vg t, rg t t 2011

e. Pepe rr re fe fr 74.04

per et 2001 t 52.30 per et 2011. Tee

ft pt t te prpet d eety f

Fr-bed Rr Tr deepet.

Green Farms Kerala project

Green Farms Kerala vv rjt

eed by geret f Ker. T prjet

rr t fr/pt Krt reee trt ew f ret te

rtre etr tr tr wt

etet. it w ret dret d dret

epyet f pepe t t ew tre f

tr be. uder t prjet dd

r rp w t et 10 re f fr r 50

r t t r r trt tr,

r etbed trt rt r jr

trprt rrdr, be prt fGreen Farms Kerala

rvt t t tr. T rjt

t rr t grt

r tr r/t. a rt t rjt

te frer w e t deep ter fr d

t rr Kr

Tr. T r/t r Green Farms

Kerala be erted t tr prdt by

dd eer pet rder t ke te

re trt-fredy d t ebe wer t

gt t t t t. a rt t

rjt, t rr j t t

vtg g r t r

by te geret. T ere te tbty f

te ppred Green Farms Kerala t, tere w

be peret e tt tr ter

v.

a v t t t 25% r t

trgg xv t

te trt, bjet t x f R. 5.00 k

w be e t te wer f te prjet. a t

derGreen Farms Kerala w be rketed by Ker

Tr tr te prt d eetr ed. n

qt vtt t

by te geret. ietet w deped te

g t , trr r

r t tt rv . T

ery pprprte te bkrd f te

geret de f w 5% f te fr

re fr tr prpe. it w be bt t te

Tr tr Kr trg t tr

f te ew tr prdt Fr Tr b

tt vtt.

Kerala Farm Tourism Desnaons

Pathanamthia tre farm ourism

desnaon trp derty dred

t r grtr r t,

, t, vr vgt

ke rd, pepper et. re exteey

vt. at 80% t trt deped t drety r drety. Koayam

farm tourism desnaon prtt

er etre f Kerala, tk t t

tret prder f rp. mt f

id tr rbber rte fr te re

-kt t r Koayam.

Vagamon, t g t ikk-K


10/48


brder, prde fr te eeker f pee

d trqty d bde f tre d

deep farm tourism desnaon in Kerala.

Maupey, t r tr

Munnar, tted t et f 1700 be

e ee, 13 K fr te tw. Maupey we kw fr t y pezed dry

r. Tr r vr 100 vr g

g t t z r r t

Maupey d tr re wed t tree

t v t t r. T r

fr qe e f t kd wt eer

vr g-g g rr.

Tr q rg vtr t cr

Palakkad dtrt tt dertke te

t rg k t t g g

f nr, r dered t be f ret e

fr te etre pt f ew. spred er re f 18 re, te nr r E Fr

r cr Palakkad dte et

vtr t . Idukki dtrt Ker

bee kw fr t pe d treer rd

te wrd e jreyed ere fr trd

pe. Kr t r trg rr

tr prjet t Kumbalangier K wt

te fr te Deprtet f Tr,

geret f id. Kumbalanghi perfet

r tr vg tr

Ker, e t te prt tw f c w

t tret f bkwter eted byterk wterwy t te we f Ker.

a dy Kumbalanghir tr

v t rr; trt r t

eye d te d.

The pros and cons of farm based ruralourism

Fr-bed rr tr w rete

epyet fr te rr pepe d eerte

r t. T v

re f e wt ter rtr

. wt t r tr ,et et w re. Te pre f te rtr

d w re. Ded fr ter d d ere

w ree d tere w be preet te

rv. Trg t r

trt, t.

Te rr pepe w er t deep ety

vrt t rr t, r,

trt, t, t. T r

t preere te tr btt, b-derty

tr et. mrket fr r prdt

r v rr r t

rr r v rt tt

wt te ter.

at rr tr br r

t r v, t g

g . T t

g t r trrr.

T rt tr rvr

etr rert, te d tr pertr

r ; tk t

t rt. f, rk r rt

w be prted fr tde d t prded

y. Te rr pepe be expted by rb

trrr. l r t t.

Tere w be ree te pre f r/fr prdt. Te trt y expt tr

rere w w e ey pt te

vrt. pr tr t

te er. it drpt te rr tre. it

t t tr tr r,

grtr tr v.

Conclusion

i rder t eet te deepet eed

t , t rv t t

rt tr rr . wt trg

t r G tr,

t tr vt ,

Kr xt t t v t

tr dtry tr fr-bed rr tr.

w t tk t t t

t r rgr tt t

t rjt rt vt vt

w et t erdte rr perty d

epyet. Fr bed rr tr t t

be ted t rry pty ee. i Ker1,

eery e bt f t et e r tw

tr prjet. Ker e-d tre edet

er rr fe. Te eret d prte

fr-bed rr tr t ere tbe

rr vt v g.

(The author is Asst. Professor, Post Graduate

Department of Commerce, Government Arts

cllg, thiuvnnhpu, Kl, -il:

[email protected])


11/48


strtee t e tr tret

f rwt rr r rg rt

text. Tey re, t ert, bt eb

rr prder t rede ree rtre,

gg rt tt r

v t r g rkt,

r tr rt (r r gt).

Regeneraon in the face of agriculturaldecline

i Erpe, tr bee dered

tyt fr regeneration f rr re,

RuRal TouRisma global viEw

T.Prakash & Dr.M.Perumal

prtry were trdt rr dtre

r (w s 1998, hggrt,

br bk 1995). st rr tr r

predty et wt Erpe (d

etr er) r nrt ar txt,

f rey det tr d e

retrtr. Fr fte d frtrtre( trrt) r , t t

trtey t dpt te fr tr prpe,

rket te rr ttrt, d drw et,

prtry det tr, fr te te. Tere

edee tt Erpe rr tr de

There is evidence that in Europe rural tourism has made important contribuons to rural incomes both

at the level of the individual farmer and more widely in the local community .


12/48


prtt trbt t rr e bt t

te ee f te dd frer d re wdey

t t (eTb 1991). w t

eery bttt fr rtr e,

t deered ppeetry e d ter-

etr ke. T ppr t rr tr reeed prrty ttet Eter Erpe

e te f f te r rt d te pe

f . Te eed fr rr reeert

bee ee. i te ery 1990 tre

Eter Erpe eeded t repd qky t

prey kw rte: ee

f dtr re, f set-tred

rket, brek dw f te -pette d

er-tffed rtr etr d eqety

epyet, pre ft d

d tdrd. h epyet

de t prtt f ree rtr -

perte, ped wt ew

freed t e t rb

etre eerey deppted

rr re. at te e te

te ee f det tre

w ery reded de t

f trt, trt fr

te tde wrd, d f

f bde fr pre

fr f tr.

iterre tre, w

frer Eter B tre

depeded ey, w reded

t .

at t , trt wtr vtr

rv tr r

r r. T r 1990 r

rtered by re-e, rt-ty tr,

r Gr, t rr -

tre te cze Repb. at,

t vrg r r

, prg, rr tr

ee e Eter Erpe eery re

rr t wtr er ( tr v

r, -tr rtr).

Rr r t et t r

g rt t t wt rrt

deeped d prted. Frterre, rr re

r r rgr t

perte rket ey.

Rural diversicaon of under-developedareas

i deep tre, te e f

py-ker fe re diversicaon

t rgr t rr . i t

text, te prbe t te trtr

grtr, t t

rtr ed, d te er fr ew

re f rwt d e pprtty.

sder fr f rw trt.

i t text, tr prted

vt, tr t

rtre. at bd

xg t r

, t t r

tg xg

frtrtre t ew prpe.

new et d frtrtre

re rby eeded. Tr

e f br te

tt f edeepet (frtrtre,

, rv)

t der-deeped re.

Tere re f re e rr

re tt e redy bee

trr t , vvg

rg rt t r: .g.

afr, te m-mr Key, te nrr

crter Tz, te ok Det Btw

Krgr n prk st ar r -

kw expe.

(The First author is Ph.D Research Scholar

and the Second author is Associate Professor,

PG& Research Department of Economics,

Uuu dhnlkshi cllgtihy-19, -il :

[email protected])

tourism is promoted as

a new activity, which

is supplementary to

agriculture. Although

building on existing

assets where possible,

i is no a maer ofsimply switching existing

infrasrucure o a new

purpose.


13/48


Te ee f rr tr w trted

2002-03 wt te bjete f t

rr fe, rt, tre d erte t

rr vg v r

t rt, r, , tx

tr vrt. T t t t t

ty ey d y we

t tr t trt

r t rg xr. T

r vg tr tr

grg rv r rr trg

trt t, w y tp exd fr rr t

rb re.

arg t wr Tr orgz.

Te ept f tbe tr deepet

ENlaRgiNg ThE PoTENTial oF RuRal

TouRism iN iNDia

Barna Maulick

tt w eet te eed f preet trt

d t rg rtg g

rt r t tr. it vg

ed t te eet f rere

tt , t

tg tr tgrt,

r g r, g vrt rg t.

at tr trted ree e

r t , t rr tr

vr gv rrt. wr tr rk

t gt rv grg tr xt

t tr. s, t tr t rt

t rt te f trt tt te

prpe f t d be dertd d yed.

Rural tourism can be harnessed as a strategy for rural development. The development of a

sng pl un h np ul uis is inily usul uny lik Ini

where almost 74 percent of the population resides in its 7 million villages.


14/48


T rg trt rrv (fTa) i

reed fr 4.43 2006 t 5.78

2010. Tr te t py prtt

re fre exe erer fr te try.

i 2010, rg xg rg (fee) r t

tr r us $ 14.19 r t

us $ 11.39 2009, rgtrg grt

24.6 peret.

Table 1: Foreign Tourist Arrival (FTA) in India

(1981, 1991, 2001-2010)

Year FTAs in India (in lakh)

1981 12.79 (2.0)

1991 16.78 (-1.7)

2001 25.37(-4.2)

2002 23.84(-6.0)

2003 27.26(14.3)

2004 34.57(26.8)

2005 39.19(13.3)

2006 44.47(13.5)

2007 50.82(14.3)

2008 52.83(4.0)

2009 51.68(-2.2)

2010 57.76(11.8)

nte: Fre te pretee dete perete f

rwt

i te t dede tere bee rerkbe

ree te rr f fre trt.

Terefre, rr tr ret ptet

d er reee er ftre. Te

e qty f re de t w rere

t prde r e, w prde

ee f pt d t te

re fr te. Te e qty f

re deepet te bty f te re

t t t tr rere ptet d

qte f eret dr perd f

te. T, tr deped p , t

t repd t te eed f te trt, eed

f te te, be -e

d try we ped d erety

d. T b tr detty f tee pepe

d t be derey ffeted. s te rr

tr t:

l ipre te qty f fe f te rr

pepe

l Prde d experee t te trt

l mt te qty f eret tt

eet fr bt trt d te

ty

Infrastructural Development is needed for

Rural Tourism: Rr tr be reed

trtey fr rr deepet. Te deepet

f tr ptfr rd te ept f rr

tr deftey ef fr try ke

id were t 74 peret f te ppt

rede t 7 e. Te tred f

dtrzt d deepet e d

rb etr ppr r te wrd. a

wt t, te tree f rb fe tye e edt ter rbzt ydre. T ed t

rw teret rr re. o te ter d,

te rw tred f rbzt ed t f

Table 2: Foreign Exchange Earnings (FEE) from Tourism in India

Year FEE in Rs. crore FEE in US$ Million

2001 15083(-3.5) 3198(-7.6)

2002 15064(-0.1) 3103(-3.0)

2003 20729(37.6) 4463(43.8)

2004 27944(34.8) 6170(38.2)

2005 33123(18.5) 7493(21.4)

2006 39025(17.8) 8634(15.2)

2007 44360(13.7) 10729(24.3)

2008 51294(15.6) 11832(10.3)

2009 54960(7.1) 11394(-3.7)

2010 64889(18.1) 14193(24.6)

nte: Fre pretee repreet perete e er te pre yer

sre: id Trt sttt


15/48


f e ee, eer jb pprtte ed

t deert f e. Rr tr d be

t t. ag t t, rg v

wree, rw teret erte d tre

d pred ebty d eret

e re te prte f

rr tr. i te deeped tre, t

rt t tr vg vg

g t xr v rx t

fe tye.

Terefre, t prte e tr

prry tr prdt d t pred tr

- t t rr

erp re, key erp re wd

r vt rr tr.

T t trg

vrg t trt

tr. art r t, t wd be t tp te rere be der

rt mtr Rr dvt,

stte geret d ter mtre/

Deprtet f te geret f id.

Challenges in rural tourism

Te jr ee re eed t preere

te eret d tr rere, te eed

r , rr rtg r t

trt d pepe, d te eed t eerte

r vt t

v t rt tr vt.

a t t trg,

r r, rvt t t

dpe d te b frtrtre, t ree

t vgr qt rg t

vrt. T rv t rr

tr v r rgg

v t rr r. l

tr tr t gv t tr

ter w ety, f tey e eq tke

d trty eet d deepet.

Along with these challenges, there are

Legislaon Problems- Tr prt f

trtt t, t g

ee re py txe t te

eret. Bt rr tr rr pepe

w be ed, tere d be pr f

tx dy.

Lack of Trained Manpower- Pepe tred

te eet wd t ke t t te rr

re t w e t deped rr pepe w

re reqred t be tred t ter t te eed

t trt. T rt rt t trt,

weter t tre tr, et tr r

r tr, eerye expet qty ere

t rgt . Gvrt trt rt tr

ty re t deep te pwer t rry

t t.

Insucient Financial Support- geret

jt trt rg rr tr. ctr

stte eret d ere rr tr

rvg rt t trt t rjt. it

w rete epyet rr re d w

r r t rr. it

rvg t gr r rr

r t r r. st rt

rqr r vt k

rr, rt r rg,

bd f py frtrtre, d d e

eet.

Lack of Local Involvement - se te rr

pepe k kwede d k, tey y et te

jb f ked wrker. Te b ept bed

rr tr t z r

rr . bt r r

ed ed de k, p d

g . mt t rr t e kwede f tr, d re ed

by tde etr w pe t tke t f te

t r rr r. cqt,

pepe bee fed bt wt kd f

tr tey wt t etb ter w re.

Illiterate Populaon- vt jrty f te rr

r t trt t

r t tr v t.

Tr tr, rg, r v trg

tr t vr. T

t r k t k ttr tr j tr t r rrv

r t d re t tereted t tke p rk. Bt

r gz v t rr

t t grt , t

py prtt re te

det f te rr er. Tr tee

tey t expre t dfferet prdt d


16/48


ere. Tey re exped t dfferet tey

prdedtr eret r -eret

tte. Fr deepet f rr tr rr

pepe eed tdertd te rbte.

Lack of Communication Skills- le

d edt te b dre t. Te bty t te

effetey ery eet. m f e w

deped yr bty t e wr wee t

trt. after ee tr te r bd

f trt eerte e teret t kw re

d f tere e t wer te qet,

t w rete ete pt. ver w e

t dertd te trt wt d eed. Tere

d t be y t p betwee

te et d te t.

Lack of Proper Physical Infrastructures-nery f f te e te try d t

e weter rd. Jt ett t e f

tee e ery dfft tk. i rtet

tte, ke a dpe ery betf,

bt de t ey rf t ebe fr

deep tr epey dr ry e.

Fr deep tr rr re , t y

-weter rd bt fe drk wter,

eetrty, teepe, fety d erty, et. re

eeded.

Lack of Basic Educaion-Te rr tery

69 peret per te ce reprt 2011 we t

w 59peret 2001 d 44 peret 1991

rr id. cty, tr x dede te

rr tery rte id bew te ere.

ard t 2011 e, we te rb tery

rte 84.97 peret d tt tery rte

74.04 peret, te rr tery rte t bew

te ere. Terefre, k f b edt

rr re jr dre rr tr.

Language Hindrance- Tere re 16 rezed

e d 850 det id. at

hd ff e, bt y prtf id pepe d t dertd t. Eter te

rr pepe e t prde teee t

te wt te trt r tey w t et

beeft fr te rr tr. a wt

t, er w e t dertd hd t

tert wt te id ter d E t

te wt te fre ter.

Business Planning Skills-Fr y be,

te kwede d k reqred t rze

t t. wt t ep f eret r

-gvrt rgz,

rr. bt, t vgr rt

vg g t rjt rrtr, tr t t gv t

t t rr . avrt

r vr rtt r rg

r rg t tr. it

be prted tr prt ed, brre,

r t.

trained touris Guide-Te depy ery

rtt r rg trt. T g

d e tr kwede bt te pe

d e r e d be t eerte teret

te d f trt t t te te. Te de t , v , rr t e

kwede bt te pe. Tede d be

tgt t rt t trt

v g k g

rrt g t. drtt Tr

eet d tr te de d te prde te

ee.

i - tr t

vrt trt r . i

r, re d tr pt reted

v rttr t, t t

f et. Te t bee tt

er id t t e d id t

r q xr t rjvt. Tr

e f te et reee er etr f id

d rr tr w bee eeted fr

vt t t. Rr i r

tr rt, r tr g t t

r vrt. Trr, t rr

tr t t rg t rg

trt. Rr tr rjt i

v 310 trt t.

(The author is Research Scholar, Patna

Univsiy, n rsh assi in cn

Economic Policy and Public Finance (a research

wing of the Department of Finance, Government

of Bihar), Asian Development rsh Insiu,

Patna, e-mail : [email protected] )


17/48


Tr eered e f te wrd

ret ere dtre wt zbe

t. wt t rg

-r, v tg

deet, derp e d te de-

rg r tr, t trv tr

t trg t rv (Gdp)

Gr d prt r j r

te wrd ey. T ed t te preet

tr rt tr trrt,

tr rt t. T wTTc (wr Trv

Tr c) t tt t trv

tr etr w t fr 9.9% f b gDP

(wr e r, 2008). i , r

tr t r rgt r, grg

231 jb, r ery e t f eery 12 jb

g (wTTc, 2009). T b tr dtry

TouRism : aN ENgiNE To EcoNomic gRowTh iN ThE

RuRal EcoNomy oF himachal PRaDEsh

eer prtt drer f rwt d

rrt, t gr, r

e d preet be f pyet.

Tourism and rural economy ofHimachal Pradesh

Te ey f te tte f h Prde

grtr, rtr, rt

r. T gr-rtr r

dtre, w bed dtre, ertre d

erb bed dtre re te dtre f te

tte f h Prde. Te er reere

t t v t tt t r r

tr kg

ee te ee dery w wdey

ted wt tbe tr deepet

gr tr rr. T

Dr. Jai Singh Parmar


18/48


redet py t re tr deepet

bee tey e derbe dret experee f

t t tr tr rv r

t r r t t tr

r. fr t t r wr Tr

orgz (wTo) rgz t rtf rr tr. Rr tr pre epey

tdr prt tr, r tr, etr,

detre tr, tr tr et. Tr

tr rr vt trtg rv

rt r trrr t

d d te ter y deeped e

tr be e ty t ter deepet

trtee ftr.

Rr re re rw te trt

eter te tte f h Prde bee

tey e expereed dee trdt

dtre er te t few dede. T derfy

ter ee, rr ee e be t

dpt ew e trtee tt bd ter

tr d tr rere. hee, tr

bee dered ee f edeepet d prted effete re

f e d epyet rr re f te

tte f h Prde. Tee rr re

te tte e ret ptet t ttrt trt

w re er f tet tr d tr

rere. Te prt f tr bee

pr f te ey f te tte f h

Prde fr y yer. Te ere tr

e w ree er te yer. Te

rwt f bd tr h Prde

Table-1 District-wise tourist inflow in Himachal Pradesh (2008-2010)Year

2008 2009 2010

Disric Indian Foreigner Total Indian Foreigner Total Indian Foreigner Total

Bilaspur 683761

(7.30)

190

(0.05)

683951 886495

(8.03)

170

(0.04)

886665 962061

(7.50)

86

(0.02)

922147

Chamba 644309

(6.87)

3953

(1.05)

648262 686136

(6.22)

3353

(0.84)

689489 786163

(6.12)

3253

(0.72)

789416

Hamirpur 279745

(2.98)

53

(0.01)

279798 432433

(3.92)

34

(0.01)

432467 554970

(4.33)

12

(0.003)

554982

Kangra 1275155

(13.61)

70819

(18.80)

1345964 1403963

(12.72)

75549

(18.86)

1479512 1631232

(12.73)

91709

(20.22)

1722941

Kinnaur 147754

(1.58)

20773

(5.51)

168527 271287

(2.46)

13811

(3.45)

285098 384963

(3.00)

18742

(4.13)

403705

Kullu 2001674

(21.36)

112910

(29.97)

2114584 2224649

(20.16)

119514

(29.84)

2344163 2395990

(18.70)

133707

(29.48)

2529697

Lahaul Spiti 172931

(1.85)

41398

(10.99)

214329 251415

(2.28)

65101

(16.25)

316516 362660

(2.83)

59125

(13.03)

421785

Mandi 603086

(6.43)

9154

(2.43)

612248 869904

(7.88)

8070

(2.01)

877974 1006418

(7.86)

10485

(2.31)

1016903

Shimla 2061539

(21.99)

112917

(29.97)

2174456 2175314

(19.71)

108981

(27.21)

2284295 2485564

(19.40)

127737

(28.16)

2613301

Sirmaur 575798

(6.14)

1785

(0.47)

577583 653668

(5.92)

2090

(0.52)

655758 748599

(5.84)

2712

(0.60)

787311

Solan 480125

(5.12)

2693

(0.71)

482818 586388

(5.31)

3811

(0.95)

590199 673932

(5.26)

5780

(1.27)

679712

Una 446820

(4.77)

91

(0.02)

446911 594920

(5.39)

99

(0.03)

595019 819461

(6.40)

268

(0.06)

819729

Total 9372697

(100.00)

376736

(100.00)

9744 433 1103657 2

(100.00)

400583

(100.00)

11437155 12811986

(100.00)

453616

(100.00)

13265602

Source: Directorate of Tourism and Civil Aviaon, Government of Himachal Pradesh.

(Figures in parentheses denotes percentages to the column totals)


19/48


detrted ted rwt tert

trt rr betwee 2000-2011. hweer,

te tr dt ree ret ftt

te ber f tert rr, w re

ete t tert eet. hee, te

py ker d dertd te tty f

ere trt rr d fd wy d e

t tbze te ey d ety ddt t

pr te deepet f te dtry.

Trend of tourist inow

Fr te t few yer, h Prde

rgg vrt r t trt

t rgr. T r

tr re re er te yer d te tte

eret wrk er te 20 Year Tourism

Master Plant rt r r trt. wt

te rwt rte f er 13% trt rr, te

tr dtry eer jr trbtr

t t gr tt rt (Gsdp) r t

yer t e. Ery 1.50 rre trt ted te

tte dr 2011, t 1.32 rre 2010 wt

ree f 13.74%.

The new policy iniave and aconarea

Te rw tr dtry eer

ee t e rwt te rr

re f h Prde. i rder t derfy

tr tte wt ew t prt rr

tr, te eret f h Prde

ed ew tte Har Gaon Ki Kahanit

expt te tr ptet f te e w

e r tr fe. i tee eeted

e te f d be te prt f

tre d ptty by prd b

ete d ter reqte frtrtre tt

te e be beefted wt epyet

d ddt e. Te tr deprtet

eed t k tee e wt dett

tt te trt kee t e peep t te

rr fetye t tee pe. i rder t k

tee e t te ppr trt dett

te eret eed t rete frtrtre ke

ptwy, retrt f tr wter re

d ter deepet wrk tee eeted

e. Frter, rder t e ew de

t rr tr, te eret d wrk t

effete p fr er d preer te

tr erte. Te et ry f tepe,e, erte d tr bd d

pe eed t be retred.

crg t t tr

te tte, te eret eed t deep

t trtg t xt xt

re er were te ty

Table-2 Tourist Arrival in Himachal Pradesh(2000-2011) (in lacs)

yr

Domesic Percenage

increase/

decrease

Foreigner Percenage

increase/

decrease

Total Percenage

increase/

decrease

2000 45.7 1.11 46.81

2001 51.11 11.84 1.33 19.82 52.44 12.03

2002 49.6 -2.95 1.44 8.27 51.04 -02.67

2003 55.44 11.77 1.68 0.17 57.12 11.91

2004 63.45 14.45 2.04 21.43 65.49 14.65

2005 69.28 8.42 2.08 1.96 71.36 08.96

2006 76.72 10.74 2.82 0.36 79.54 11.46

2007 84.82 10.55 3.39 20.21 88.21 10.90

2008 93.72 10.49 3.77 11.21 97.49 10.52

2009 110.37 17.77 4.01 6.37 114.38 17.32

2010 128.12 16.08 4.54 13.22 132.66 15.98

2011 146.04 13.98 4.84 6.60 150.89 13.74

Source: Directorate of Tourism and Civil Aviation, Government of Himachal Pradesh.


20/48


vv t re t te pepe f te

re. Te pb eet tr retedvt v r tt t

ty d te er rezed te

rt t r tr rt

v.

Te fret ret e, ty w re ted

te rr d terr re d be deeped

rr tt -tr v

v trt. T t t

et e d be prded wt te reqte

k t ere te ptty etr d t e

prfey tee ret e.

aqt trg

eet eed t be treteed r

trt . mr tr r

tr t rgz t

t jv t tr t gt g

trt trvg r t vt rt .

T tr r tr rv

beere, fd te d k t te retrt

t rebe pre t te trt.

[Dr. J.S. Parmar is Associate Professor,

Himachal Pradesh University Business School,

Summer Hill,SHIMLA-]

Table-3 Occupancy rate in hotels of Himachal Pradesh (2000-2010)

Year No. of Hotels/

Gues Houses

Percenage

increase/

decrease

Bed capacity Percenage

increase/

decrease

2000 1434 31296

2001 1504 4.88% 32302 3.21%

2002 1562 3.86% 32947 1.99%

2003 1643 5.19% 36389 10.45%

2004 1710 4.08% 37948 4.28%

2005 1768 3.39% 39214 3.34%

2006 1852 4.75% 41511 5.86%

2007 1899 2.54% 45345 9.24%

2008 1992 4.90% 48233 6.37%

2009 2139 7.38% 51928 7.66%

2010 2150 0.51% 56023 7.89%

Source: Directorate of Tourism and Civil Aviation, Government of Himachal Pradesh

FORTHCOMING

ISSUES

Eret d Rr ie - Je 2012

Rr Derpy - Jy 2012

Rr het - at 2012

Rr Edt - septeber 2012

Rr irtrtr (s i)- otr 2012

F nrt-Et - neber 2012


21/48


i

ndias tourism industry is experiencing a strong

period of growth in high spending foreign

tourists, and coordinated government campaignsto promote Incredible India. Tr tered

trt r t gr, vrt

v t vt.

pr agr-Tr t

eree wt Rr Tr, E-Tr, het

Tr, adetre Tr d ry detre.

agRi TouRism:

aN iNNoVaTiVE iNcomE gENERaTioN aVENuE

N B Ubale and H V Borate

a v t rv

vg r t v vtr t tt

. agrtr t t vg rkg r r grtr, rtr, r

gr r r t r jt,

, r v vvt t v

t r r r. i gr agr Tr te

r rg vtr t r rr

fr rtr prpe.

agi uis giulul uis, is n lniv ipving h ins n pnil

economic viability of small farms and rural communities. India is an agriculture country and most

of its people live in villages.

Present concept of travel and tourism is limited to urban and rich class which constitutes only a

small portion of the population. However, the concept of Agri tourism takes travel and tourism to

the larger population, widening the scope of tourism due to its cost effectiveness.


22/48


it d be derbed - Rural/Agricultural

Environments + Farm Commodies + Tourism

Services = Agri tourism

ar tr r rtr tr e

trv r rvg t t

e bty f fr d rr

. i grtr tr t

t v vg. a vg

t t t t vg

frer wrk. se e re b, we ter

r rv r. T r gr t

r t v rt k . a

re ery te r, we te t te weet

g r. w j t t t rg

t t rz t grr

rd, re te r pere tt bd

te tryde. Te er e ety, peef

fe. Etbet f ar tr t w prte

ed erty tr pr te derty

d erty f rere, k d tee

tt r v t grtr . it

ep t ee e, epyet d e

tt rr i. it

g rg v, rv

rv rr rr t rt r

trt t ter re t prde pprtty fr

r t gt k t t rt. T rg

d w te tre f te artre d

Rr rt tt i

t grtrt (frr) r t -rv

rt t t tr

t fy d trde t ept f ar

tr t t ur cz , e

Rr, etrtt rt.

Present status in India:

ar tr dered te ftet

rw etr te tr dtry. Te ept bee efy peeted tte ke

mrtr, Ker, Rjt, Jrkd, gjrt

d h Prde. it bee ew ee

fr er te e fr te rr frer.

i mrtr, rr re e fred

rgz ed mrtr stte ar

Rr Tr (maRT). Tr r t 150

ar tr eter te tte wrk wtt

t t gvrt .

i Ker, te eret pyed key re

g t rr t tr. Rjt

t rrr vtr t rt t rgtr. i h Prde, te tte eret

vg rg t rr t rt

rqr rr r r tr r.

Features of Agri tourism:

Te etbet f ar tr t te

ert f id .e. rr pe w e pt

t - v

tt t rr. it rv rt

fr-

. crv t vrt

. crv rt r

. Gr rv

d. Br e derty

. R g

f. ipre dertd f frer d

ter fe

g. ut tr

. ipr -e tt f frer

. mk v tr

j. Prte deepet

k. iree eret wree

. Prde tr wt per experee f

tre d tre

Scope of Agri tourism:Aecon with rural life style

T r vg rt vg

wy rty t er bt re f fd,

t, , r tr k , r,gg, tr, tr, r rr

fetye. ar tr w ree rd frer,

e d rtre t t t t

rt t gt .

Ls xpns pph


23/48


T t , , rr

d tre et ar tr. T wde te

trt be. Preet ept f tre d tr

t t r r tt

r t . hvr, t

ept f ar tr tke tre d tr tt rgr , g t tr

t t t v.

Bning wih h ing ulu

c r grg t t t vg.

Vgr r grg t r j

t eek te frt f der fe. ay pprtty

t vt vg t r

rt. bt, t r

wy prbe. ar-Tr ep t ere

t prbe.

Components of Agri tourism

see bee, d er. T

experee bed ept te ere f ar

tr. artr eret rd frer

t r r r rt

rty rb fe. ar tr

kwede tee tbe wy f tr

w be te pere f tr

wt er experee f re f rtrpet. ar tr de pepe

py t t r ty te fr t experee te rr

r t rt rg v.

Pe f rtr prte ke et

rp yed fr, et yed fr,

rg t, r r v tr

r t t trt. agrtr rt k

fr te fre rket, preed fd, r fd

d re te rb trt. a ret f t r-

tpere te e, tere pe t deepar tr re ke r-pp, ry tr,

pk d w yr tree/pt, bderty prk,

r de f wtered deepet, de

-tr rv, r tr rvg,

rery eet (ret,ed, frt

r, vgt r), gr, rt rg

t, ptry t, ptre t, ertre

t, bed d brekft, pk d py, bk rt

rg, rg, g, g, r k,

rr g t (rv) tr.

For beer enjoyment, group of members canspend some me on the farm while lodging and

camping prr fr pe prpe d be

rred der te e tee fw-

yt

fr v (r t, g ,

kg rt/vgt)

Dy trp/p

wg, r,

special events and fesvals

m v

h r

c r

hrvt v

Rr fv/Jatra

Daily acvies in the agriculture farm:

1. a Feed

2. gded crp /veetbe / Frt fr td tr

3. wtg h t r

r

4. u-pk or

5. hrvt v

6. mk te cw

8. agrtr rgr: t gr

ere, frt, eetbe et.

o the farm visits :

l Frer rket t t pe

l T mk c tr

l Rdde prde td

l Re Tepe vt et.


24/48


Free facilies:

Rural Games, Bicycle Rides, Bullock Cart Ride,

Tractor Ride, Farm Tours, Bird watching and jungle

terk, Local Site Seeing, Evening Entertainment

programs like rr k , , r & t

g.

Agro tourism Resources:

1) Natural resources

l w

l wtr

l Vgt

l Fr d f

l cte

l ldpe

2) Built cultural resources

l idtr erte

l aet et

l Re bd

3) Agro tourism event resources

l sprt

l htr

l ctr

Customer or visitors sasfacon depends on:

1. lte, dertd d repd t

cter

2. prvg srr qt .3. Reqre r, fredy pepe t deer t.

4. arrt .

5. w xt rr r, v

r r rqr

6. cr r vrt

7. T dertd et eed, ter ter

p d et, t prtty,

t gt t rv

prded.

Benets for Communies

fr t rv, agr tr

be ee fr-

l Grg rv r

bee d ere fr trt;

l ugrg/rvtzg t r

redet d tr;

l irg rt rr

d tr eret fr trt d

redet;

l hg rrv rvtz tr,

rt r;

l

prg tr-rg, tr-tr rtg;

l ire wree f rtr e d

e te pb;

l prg t -gg grtr

prdt d ere;

l hep t derfy d trete te rr

v j r;

l prvg r rg

vrt r rg tr

d dtre.

Benets -For touris

sfe d pet tre

Free fr fer d tre

Tr r tr

ctetet

R d pete fee

wrt g

For Locals

ctr exe

Epweret awree

cty Bd

Impact of Agro tourism:

E pt:

ie fr etre fee d dret pyet

fr e rt.

ie fr ted e dded ere.

Deepet f reted e etr

e.. stbe rtre d fretry.

iree d e.

iree fre exe were tr

t rg .

s ipt:

Tr d k deepet fr pr f

e ere.


25/48


e- rr /vrt

.

htr- / vg tr, r

r tr rtr.

ipred frtrtre

/trrt.

ireed ptbd

rgz gr t.

Eret pt:

prt rv

eret.

irv rr gt r.

ir -tkr t rv t

dpe ee.

crv bvrt.

Conclusion

agr tr v t

teqe t edte er bt

rtre. ar tr we te

derty d qee f rtre,

tereby re te bty d te ppe f

gr rt. h t rt

t tr t t rr . pr

f ar tr reqre ept eree

ke ter tr e.. rr tr, e tr,

vtr tr r r grt.

(N B Ubale is Research Scholar, Department of

fuis n oh mngn, Bihn chn

Kishi Viswviyly, mhnpu, dis-Ni,

Ws Bngl n H V Borate is Assistant Professor,

Department of Agriculture Extension, Dr. Balasaheb

Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Dist-

rngii, mhsh, e-mail: ubalenb@

redimail.com)

S U B S C R I P T I O N C O U P O N(For Ne Membersip/Reneal/Cange in Address

I want to subscribe to_________________________________________(Journals name & language) or

1 yr. or Rs. 100/- 2 yrs or Rs. 180/- 3 yrs. or Rs. 250/-

DD/IPO/MO No. ________________________________________________Date____________________

Name (in block letters)

Address

PIN

Note: For Reewal/chage i address-please quote your Subscriptio no.

Please allow 8 to 10 weeks or the despatch o the 1st issue.

Please send DD/IPO/MO to Business Manager

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Also ensure tat it is dran in favour of Director

Publication Division, Ministry of Information and

Broadcasting, Ne Deli.


26/48



27/48


id t brete e d t

bee b we te ft tke t

dert tt re t 700

f t ppt rede bt 636 td

e f t try; bt ee fter xty yer

f depedee, rr id rtered byeere perty, tery, k f et ere,

k f epyet pprtte d er

bkwrde. Rr re re fte rerded

frt-pr d frt pr

wy bee etr pet f rr

icT: a caTalyTic iNTERVENTioN FoR

EmPowERiNg RuRal iNDia

Anupam Hazra

deepet tte. Keep ew tee

predt fetre f rr id ifrt

ct Tg (icT) r

t reptt t be te key t frt-fw

fr tefy te deepet effrt rr

id d be dered pertetrtey fr e te f tbe rr

deepet. T epwer te rr te

wt tbe ppr, icT bee e f

te t effete tret d te fw

tbe prde better t t t ft.

th pw knwlg vlpn n b gly nhn by Icts i hy hnss

improve access and break down barriers to knowledge because while educaon develops cognive

skills, informaon gives content to knowledge


28/48


i i, r 70% t tt v

te rr re, tey e te rt t qre

r; t t t t xt

tt pepe t r rt ee, rr re, t v tr , t

rt v t r r

tr

t itrt. Rr r t v

tr g r t

t rr r g r t

ICT and Sustainable Rural Growth

Strengthening Rural Governance: itrdt f icT rr id expeted t br e te we

pre f rr ere by pr trprey, tbty d dtrte effey f rr

ttt, prt prtpt f te pr de-k pree d pr te effey

d repee f rr ere deery. it ftte peedy, trpret, tbe, effet d

effete tert betwee rr tze - t t y prte better dtrt bt e ted trt t f eret pert. at te e te, icT pre tert wt d wt

ety d ere ety prtpt te rr er pre.

Encouraging social transformation: ae t frt f fdet prte t y deepet

pre. Te reet deepet f icT rety ftt te fw f frt d kwede, beyd

te brder f d e tt. i t text, icT re w wdey rezed rt t t

tke deepet e deep tre w ttey ed t trfrt.

Ensuring A Better Quality of Life:appt f icT te ptet t pre tdrd f pepe

rete d rr re by prd prtt er, d edt beeft. By expd

te e f eret ere icT trete te ed pprtte fr rr id. icT ere

better qty f fe fr te rr pr wt pred e t rket, et, d edt w

pe rr id twrd e deepet, jb-ret d perty-et.

Strengthening the Information-base of rural communities:icT tte y be deed t prde pprt

t ere we t ret t te qere eerted by eed f te rr te. a

rr pr re fte wre f ter rt, etteet d te bty f r eret ee

d exte ere, icT pre ter e t te frt tey eed. it te ptet

t ere pred pr f rt-ter frt reqred by te rr pr fr effete ed

trtee.

Intensifying Effort towards implementation of the rural development initiatives: Fr er effete

peett f te rr deepet prre-icT py r re tr ded-dre

frt d t ere. it te ptet t ree te beeft d rede te

pprtty t f pepe prtpt te pre f rr deepet. Te ptet f icT

t prte rr deepet e ddre te frt p d bke by trete te

de-k pty f te rr pr we te rere ttt f eery rr ty.

Enhancing peoples participation in nation-building process: Te prte f t bzpepe d eek ter w prtpt te deepet pre f try we rezed. i

id, t er bt re pepe, t wt te d eqpp te wt ew k e

bee epzed er d ee fe yer p w prde te be prt f te try

ped deepet. i deep try ke idicT rerded e f te key eeet

derz rtre, prd ety, terte d tred wrker fr dtry d fr br bt

effete prtpt t bd tty. a tee teter trbte eey fr k rr

deepet re ty.

rr re t py ker, bt t w reed

tt t t v rg v

ddre te eed f te rr pr. Te

xt grtr r rr vvg r trg g. it

g r , r rtr r

-rv, vvg trvt, g

t- r xg. Tr

t q r

g t rr r t rqt r


29/48


t tr rr v .

c t rg rg t

r t icT t rt

t g. o t tr , t

rv tt t rqr r

rgt rrt t t rt tgrtdeepet, ke rr deepet d icT

bee e f te jr pet d dr fre

fr rr deepet.

Te pwer f kwede fr deepet

be rety eed by icT f tey re reed t

pre e d brek dw brrer t kwede

v gv k,

r gv tt t kg. i t

t icT tgr t rg t t

v kg t tg tvrepreet t fr e deepet d t

erey te rewrd f t. icT be dered

fdet eeet f y rr deepet

vt t r t g, vr

t r t

w eety rtee epweret f rr

trg rg t g

d ed by:

- rg t tr xg

r r tt g tt xt t xg

r r rr

- g t r rqrt

rr tt v

xr t tv

- rg t t t

r t tr r-

vg rt t tr vt

r

- gg t r

rg t rrt

k fr fter deepet tt

r-

- expd ty pt tr

t

r rr

- xtg tg xg

deepet prre tt rry

gt t r t

t r r

gt tt r

icT

- rg tr t

q t kg t

reqre rder t expt te pwer f icT

- ebedd ty bed icT ere

t xg , gvr

trtre

s, t rv t

t rt rt v rr

t y t te ee f reee d

prte te text f rr deepet bt t vt rg t rr

i t rt t vt r.

T, te rret text f tbe rr

vt, icT rgz t

trv rt trrg t v

ed f rr id.

Te deepet f ety rey deped

t t r r rr i

- icT grt tt t r

kg rg t -rg

r t rt rt

t tr tt. o t tr

d, t brek te re f rr perty

d t brde te dt dde d epwer te

rr - icT-trv rv t

v t r t-g

rr r rkg t rrr. s, t

eret, tey dtry d ety d

wrk teter t depy icT t eerte e

d deepet rr re. hee t y

be ded tt terted frewrk fr icT

trv rr r q v

te wy twrd tbe rr rwt.

(The author is Assistant Professor, Department

of Social Work at Assam (Central) University,

Silchar 788 011, Assam, e-mail: anupam688@

yahoo.co.in)


30/48


mder wrd ft trw

wy ety. Te rede, re-e,

re-ye re ere

retr wrd tt eerte pprxtey450 t t . wt t

eer er re qtty f te wte

be prded bt te fr f d d

qd wte, te ept f wte eet

bee e f te key f f tbe

deepet prpe w bed pe

d prte. Te qtte f d wte re

re d f te wte re dped

RuRal soliD wasTE maNagEmENT:

issuEs aND acTioN

Pravash Chandra Moharana

tred er tee y e dere

pt pb et d eret. hee

tee wte eed t be ed effety

t ferd pb et d eret.i rder t pre te qty f fe f te rr

ppt, eret tt eed t

be pred. Te te w e t e

wrd, t rer te beeft f ter pet

f eret ee, d e te preet

et t ee prtt ete

stt P dre t t wte

eet eery e.

on h bsis p puin lvls i is si h n j ps (i, wh,

sorghum, pearl millet, barley, finger millet, sugarcane, potato tubers and pluses) of India

generate about 312.5 Mt of crop residues that have nutrient potential of about 6.46 Mt of

pln nu in


31/48


Solid waste generaon in Rural areas of

India

i id epey te rr re, wte

eere tret t te pb et er

d ee. T, te fr f wte(t q) grt rr r

predty r d bderdbe yet

t bee jr prbe t te er

tbty f te e be. it

etted tt rr pepe id re eert

t (rg/r) 0.3 t 0.4

etr t per dy repetey. o te b f

rp prdt ee t etted tt te

jr rp (re, wet, r, per et,

brey, fer et, re, ptt tber d

) i grt t 312.5 mt r

rede tt e tret ptet f bt

6.46 mt f pt tret. id prde rd

33 te f frt d 50 te

f eetbe y. it etted tt ry

10 t 15% f tt prde be eter

rede r b-derdbe wte fr rey

rtre. Te tt d prdt etted

t be 450 mt d te d be u

Terrtre. Reety, te wte tt re t rtte

ey, btte, , pt d pytee

re re rdy rr re w rete

b prbe t e te.

Impact on Rural Health

l iet/qt breed tt wter

p wte te d d

wterwy bked r trted wt wte

ret te pred f dee

l Tere re ft et rk de t

te extee f er, et, fe d

e prtry t wrker

d ebr redet.

l ne ed t te ebrd de

t dr d fe

l Pt f rer d tre wt

eqet tt f ptbe wter

ppy dwtre.

Objectives of Waste Management in Rural Areas

l

T prtet et d pre qtyf fe pepe rr re

l T rede eret pt d ke

rr re e

l T prte rey d ree f d

wte

l T ert b wte t r re

w tret re f rtr d

rttr rp

l T eerte epyet fr rr pr

by ffer ew pprtte wte

eet by dpt t effete d

erety d d wte tretet

tee

Types of Solid Waste

sd wte be defed te

r d r wte ter prded

by ed, rtr fr tt e

e e t te wer. sd wte rr

re eery de-e weep, kte

wte, rde wte, tte d d wte fr

tte ed, rtr wte, brke ,

et, wte pper, pt, t, rbber, wte

fr rket d pp re etc.

a per bderdbty, d wte be

fed :

Bigbl: wt tt r t

deped by b pree eter

preee r bee f r re ed

bderdbe e.g. kte wte, d,

rtr wte et.

Nn-bigbl:wt t

deped by b pree ed -

gr t. T r t t: )


32/48


Recyclable: wt vg v t

deted fr dp be reered d reed

wt ter eery e e.g. pt, pper,

t t. ) Non-recyclable: wt

t e e e f reery e.. tetr

pk, rb pper, ter et.

Approaches for Solid Waste

Managemen

Te d wte eet te et,

trprt, pre, rey r dp f

wte ter, y e prded by

tty, effrt t rede ter effet

et r etet r ety. Fr effete

eet f d wte rr re, f

d be eet t ed ee.

Tt w t be ed t ed

ee d be ed t te ty ee.

i eer, te fw ppr d be

fwed:

l seret f d wte t te ed

v (bgr gr)

l Ree f bderdbe wte t te

ed ee t te extet pbe

l hed ee tretet f b derdbe

wte

l cet d trprtt f ereted

wte t te ed ee t pe

detfed t te ty ee ( e

were ed ee tretet t

)

l cty ee tretet r rey/

ree f wte

l a te bderdbe wte d be

pted t te ty ee

l n bderdbe wte y be frter

ereted d d r reyed

l wt t t, r

r reyed y be dped t te df

te fw pprprte predre, (

wte y y be trt wte,

r t).

Composng as Technology opon forTreatment of Biodegradable Waste

cpt e f te pt fr

tretet f r wte. i pt pre

te r tter brek dw der bter

t ret te

frt f

ke ter ed

pt. Te e

f pt re

deped te

qtty d qty

f feed ter

pred t te

pt pt. mre

fr pte better yed t

frer d t

eret fredy.

B derdbe

d wte be

pted eter


33/48


pt pt r erpt pt. vrpt etd w re tbe t rr

re, re derbed bew.

i) Pit method

Te te eeted fr te pt pt d

be er t tte ed d wter re t

ee tt r wter et dr

te e. a teprry ed y

be trted er t t prtet te pt

fr ey rf. Te pt d be bt

1 deep, 1.5-2.0 wde d f y tbe

et. Te ter brt fr te tte ed

pred d e yer pred rry f

d de wt 4.5 k re ert d 4.5 k f

tke fr 15-dy-d pt

t. a t qtt tr (r 90%)

prked er te ter te pt t te wet

t. Te pt fed t wy yer-by-yer d

t d t tke er t 1 week t f. cre

d be tke t d pt te ter y wy. Te ter tred 3 te dr

t r tg () tr 15

r g t t, () tr 15 , () tr

ter 30 dy. at e tr te ter

xed try, teed wt wter d

reped wt te pt.

ii) Heap mehod

Dr ry e r

re wt ey rf te

pt y be prepred ep

be rd. Te ep d be

bt 2 wde t te be, 1.5

d 2 . Te de re

tpered tt te tp bt 0.5

rrwer wdt t te be. a

bd ete bt rd

te pe t prtet t fr wd w

ted t dry te ep. Te ep

y eed wt 20

yer f rbe ter

ee, y-trw, wdt, wd

p d pped r tk. T te ered

wt te 10 f tre ter

fre r, weed r rde pt rede,

rbe, fre r dry re. Te ptter f 20

rbe ter d 10 tre

ter fwed t te pe 1.5 d

tey re ry wetted tt tey fee dp

bt t y. Te pe ete ered

wt r y t ret et d tred t 6

d 12-week-ter. sredd te ter

peed p dept derby. orwte ter be redded by r

vr t vr t t rtr-r. w

ffet tre ter t be

ree re r e rp ke ep

rw te feret ep by w eed

fter te frt tr. Te ree ter te

tred t te ed x. Te pre tke

bt fr t t pete.

iii) Vermicomposting

Vrg t rrg

pt wt te e f ertwr. Depbe

r wte exret, kte wte,

r r rt r r

g tr. i ger, d

ty w d d dred pped rp rede


34/48


re te key rw ter. mxtre f e d

-e rp rede ere te qty

vrt. drt rtr

z. Eisenia foeda (R rtr), Eudrilus

eugeniae (gt rr), Perionyx excavatus et

r vrg. Eisenia foeda (Red

rtr) t rrr t g

rt tr vrt t rg

r t vrt t 45-50 .

Reuse and Recycling of Non-

Biodegradable Solid Waste

a exped erer, effrt d be de

t erete te -bderdbe d wte

t t rt ) r ()

reybe t ed we ty ee.

srt t r eret f pper, pt, t,

et, et y be de t te ty

ee by te we ef ep rp. sereted

wte eed t be pked d tred fe pe.

Te reybe ereted wte e t te

reyer we e qtte te.

i) Recycling of Papers

it pbe t ert wte pper tef reybe prdt. mk pp fr wte

pper d rt. Te pre w bee

refed. vr rte d wpee y

be de te pp. Te rte re trdy

tt tey be terte t wd t e

extet. hee t ed Pep wd.

ii) Recycling of Plastics

i type f d wte rr re,

pt e bee jr e f er det: ) n-grt n v

wte tre d bke f dre e

) pt r tr ) R rg

ere d tere r pt prbe

v) Tr rr et r dp

yte f pt wte. idd e wer

d erete tee wte t ed

ee. sereted pt wte eed t be pked

d tred fe pe d e t te

reyer.

Landll

i pte f pt, re-e d rey,

e wte re treted/ed w

reqre f dp, eter by ert r

by d f. iert tey were

wte brt pey eeered e

ed ertr. iert t py

br, bt pete bt. iertr re

dered t be e f r pt. T t

be pt fr wte eet. a df

prpery deted re d ed fr te

dp f -bderdbe d -reybe

r d wte. ldf dered t

be be pt. Te -reybe r

wte d be dped by ered d f

pert.

Conclusion

Te rr id treed wet

ter f dertzed rp rede,

exret d det refe ry kw

wte. a ytet eet d tzt

ppr ppy te reet t w

y ep t rr re e bt w

prde ffet eery, re d rw

ter fr y dtre. Te tbe wte

eet tee e brt bt

pte e te tt d yee

ber e te rr pepe. Bt, we

e wy t befre we tt ee

f trty te re f wte eet

te rr re.

[The author is Ph.D. Scholar, Division of

Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian

agiulul rsh Insiu, Nw dlhi-

110012. email: [email protected] ]


35/48



36/48


abe e expre te tt te te

Pre mter sr Rj gd d f

deeped id. Rj gd gree

Vtkr yj (RGGVy) rt

t w ed apr 2005 tt

rr d rb id d bee e ter

xr v i. RGGVy vg

e rwt fr te t by brd terr-rb dde. Te prre t

deep te rr eetrty frtrtre

d ed eetrft t prde e

t eetrty t rr ed. Fr t

prre, eetrty t jt ed t

te te e bt t t ete

te d d f rr ppt by

ep te e t f drke, w ee

RggVy: TuRNiNg ThE whEEl oF RuRal iNDia

Mayank Agrawal, Gargi Malik

f deepet, w tery ee d -

bty f b fte.

a per 2001 e, 1.19 k e

d 7.80 rre ed were -eetrfed

te try. a re prt f ppt

w t drke. it w t

kgr tt t RGGVy

wt te bjete f eetrfy e

d btt; prd e t eetrty

t rr ed; d prd eetrty

et t Bew Perty le f e free

f re.

ur Rjv G Gr Vkr

yj (RGGVy), 576 rjt trgg t tr

1.10 k /-tr vg tv

......And I too have a dream, I dream of an India- strong , independent, self reliant and

in the fron t rank of the nations o f the world .....


37/48


tr 3,48,987 r tr

e e t tr. i

trt tr rjt 33 trt v

r p-ii t RGGVy.

Frter, trty x ppeetry prjet e

r p-ii. T brt

nr trgt tr 1 tr

vg rvg r tr

t 1.75 rre BPl ed redy bee

x vt tr

1,03,611 e d 1.91 rre BPl ed

22 mr, 2012. uder te ee, bede

tr -tr bpl

t 100% t r r

Kr J prgr, rv xt t

prde e t aPl ed, w re reqred

t r tr trt t rr

rg r tg . mtr n R erg

g Rt Vg etr

prgr r rvg rt r

gg/ tr t rt -

tr vg -tr t

tr vg r gr xt

t fd febe by te stte geret d re

t vr r t RGGVy.

T t r t

e prepr dtrt bed deted prjet

rrt r x trk . T

cetr Pb setr udertk re ed

t t. Gr pt vv

t r tr vg.

T irtrtr r RGGVy -

Rr etrt dtr bk (Redb)

t 33/11 kV (r 66/11 kV) t

f deqte pty d e t be

etbed bk were tee d t ext;

Vg etr irtrtr (Vei)

vv tr -tr vg

t. Tr rv dtr

Trfrer f pprprte pty e

r t; dtrz dtrt

Gr (ddG) v -

v rg r r gr

t r t v.

ur RGGVy tr r

rv t -tr k

, t , t / t

re etre, dpere, et. Prd pwer t

rr re e rd deepet f tee

r rg , t r ,

tr, t,

t d rerd d e t ew tey rtre. mreer, Kd d e dtre

et bt wt te e f eetrty.

RGGVy, t, t

e te rr id ety. Te

g rg rr t

g t rt gr t r r.

here wt te er f gt dtrt

f a d bt w te ee trfred

ter e:

Aacks by wild animals were common in my

village. Before the electricaon, we used to spend

the nights in fear. Elephants would destroy houses

and gers would kill cows and goats. Aer the

electricaon aacks by wild animals are rare as

the lights keep them away. ...........An old lady from

village Halowa NC, Kaziranga

nw r dre tdy te ee

d i wrk te kte ee te te t.

..........a r vg hk

Erer er d t t te erby tw

jt t et be pe red w edte we dy... w tey re t t e.

ar trt , r

r vg. i v

peed be repr p d y e

e p. ...........a, ve Rb

it r t t RGGVy

dr te 12t P wt 90% pt bdy.

Dr te 12t P te ee w t er

rg t rrv

d BPl ed. it prped t ee

bpl r t rg 40-60 w t 250 wd t prde lED e BPl ed. Te 12t

P prpe t e eprte ew ee

r rv , grtr . (pib

ftr.)

(mynk agwl is di (mi &

Communicaon), PIB, and Gargi Malick)


38/48


hyDRoPoNics: a BooN FoR iNcREasED agRiculTuRal

PRoDucTioN iN climaTE chaNgE ERa

Dasharah Prasad and Asha Ram

Hypnis sil-lss ulu is hnlgy gwing plns in nuin sluins h supply

ll nuin lns n piu pln gwh wih wihu h us n in iu

such as gravel, vermiculite, rock wool, peat moss, saw dust, coir dust, coconut fibre, etc. to provide

mechanical support.

i t rt r t vr t t t

rtre rwt t 4 peret w reqred

t t rgg i.

mrvr, v r trg

t tr t rt r

rt, tr r t rt

r tr rt r. T

t t r qt. i

, v r grg (o

f agrtr) t t vv rg ,

t f br d re e f wter. ad e

pe ke etrpt re, t be

fr rp rw.

F.1 .grw pt hydrp

What is Hydroponics?

hydrp r -e tre tey

r grg t trt tt

trt t r t grt

wt r wtt te e f ert ed

re, erte, rk w, pet , w dt,

r t, t r, t. t rv

pprt.

fg. 2 f hr

Why Hydroponics?

hydrp r -e tre yte

f rw pt w ep rede e f

te prbe expereed et rp

tt, epey d rte idwere er etrpt brb er

te tbe d fr r tte

, ftre, ttte, pt, reret

etre, prk d py rd et. s y

te t be rw ed d pt

ry rw t. it prde re,

tret, r, wter, et. fr ef pt

rwt. mdft f terte rw

ed ted t be expee. hweer,

d pe er tt fr pt rwt, t

te. Preee f dee r d

etde, tbe ret, frbe pt, pr dre, derdt de

t er, et. re e f te.

hr r rt t rv

r t grt trr,

er yed be bted pred t pe

grtr. hr r e tre


39/48


r tr vr -r

d pet, w epey derbe te trp

r t t rg

trrt t trt t.

T, t t g tk

trz, r, t. vt r t v. it r

e wrk eret d t r br

r t t v r.

History of Hydroponics

hr r tr

az, Bby, Eypt, c d id

were et e ed ded re t rw

ber, wtere d ter eetbe

dy rerbed. Te rde f Bby

t azt g r r tprttype f ydrp yte. lter, we pt

gt trt t gr t t

tret fr experet prpe, tey e te

trtr. itrt r

f trtre deeped

1925 we te ree e

dtry expreed teret t

e. gree e d t be

reped freqety t ere

r trtr, rt

d pet. a ret, reererbee tereted te

t trtr t

r v tr.

i 1929, dr. w f. Grk

te uerty f cfr eeded rw

tt v 7.5 gt trt . h

t r t r

r rv r Grk t rt t rt

hr (tr) p (rkg). T,

ydrp brke te brtry bd d

tr t r r rtr. T

tr r rg t trt

tre. hweer, rp rw ert d ed

g trt r

brd ee. Dr 1960 d 70, er

ydrp fr were deeped ab Db,

arz, Be, cfr, Derk, ger,

h, ir, it, J, R fr

ter tre. Dr 1980, y tted d

pterzed ydrp fr were etbed

rd te wrd. he ydrp kt bee

ppr dr 1990. i sr lk, te ydrp

t v t . m rt

t r r r-t t

rg trt

g t rg -rg

etd d ed e.

Basic Requirements of Hydroponics

s try t te tepertre d

r r rt grt. w t

pr, pt rwt d yed dee de

t t r trtr. pt

v r r

t t . s jt t t rv

t r t grt. it t r t . pt r

trt r trg tr rz. i

r rt , t t

r kt (h) tr vt (ec)

tbe re fr pt rt

t r .

T reqreet t

r t

ydrp. i y ydrp

yte te fw b

reqreet t be

t t v.

l br tr r t

ert ed ed.

l T trt r t

rzr xtr t t r

d r eeet eery fr pt rwt

d deepet.

l br t trt t

te tbe re tt pt rt yte r

t rt t t.

l T trtr r t rt r t trt t r

pt rt yte.

Classicaon of Hydroponics

Te ter ydrp ry et

tret t tre wt pprt

the hanging garden

of Babylon and the

Aztecs floating

farms were actually

prototypes of

hydroponic

systems.


40/48


ed. hweer, pt rw d ed

fr re tret t

ded ydrp. T teqe ed

rete yte. hydrp yte re

frter terzed pe (.e. e te

tret t deered t te pt rt,

t t r) r (.., r t

rvr, r r). crrt

ydrp yte f tt be

fed rd t te teqe epyed.

a ydrp teqe refer t te etd f

ppy tret t t te pt rt.

hweer, der te fw ftr eet

teqe:

) s tr rr v

) ext rvt

) avt t grg v) ext qt t r r,

r, r r , t.

Large numbers of hydroponic techniques are

available

1. s tr r lq r

i) Circulang methods (closed system)

l ntrt tq (nfT)

l d tq (dfT)

ii) Non-circulang method (open systems)

l Rt dpp teqe

l fg tq

l cr tq

2. Solid media culture (Aggregate systems):Tee

be pe yte r ed yte.

) hgg g tq, () Gr g

tq, () Tr r trg tq,

(v) pt tq

3. Aeroponics: aerp f tw type.

) Rt t tq, () fg tq

Advantages of Hydroponics: Tere re y

dte f te ydrp te few re

ted bew:

l l t r. it r v

ptr, pe pe d prteted

trtre.

F 3. sw rt hydrp

l ce wrk eret. Te rwer w

t e y dret tt wt .

l lw drdery. n eed f k bed,

weed, wter, et.

l c v .

l n bre dee r etde de.

l o- r .

l Vgt v t r

ee.

l my pt were fd t e yed ery

ydrp yte.

l her yed pbe wt rret eetr.

l Ey t re br ydrp yte

r rv r t v

.

l n eed f eetrty, pp, et. fr te -

rg t tr.

l Pbty f rw wde rety f eetbe

r r g atr,

rd, et.

l wtr tg r t .

l p t gr t rt g r

r r r xrt.

Limitaons of Hydroponics

l hgr t xtr. T

frter f te -e tre bed


41/48


Hydroponics or soil-less

culture is a system of growing

plants which helps reduce some

of the problems experienced in

convenonal crop culvaon,

especially land shortage in India

where near metropolitan suburbs

encroaching the culvable land

for various acvies such as

housing, factories, instutes,

hospitals, recreaons centres,

parks and play grounds etc.

During 1960s and 70s, commercial hydroponics farms weredeveloped in Abu Dhabi, Arizona, Belgium, California, Denmark, German,

Holland, Iran, Italy, Japan, Russian Federaon and other countries.

During 1980s, many automated and computerized hydroponics farms were

established around the world.

wt tred

e r e t

rtre.

l h deree f

eet k eery fr

rr,

tee f ph d

ec, trt

jdet d

rr, rg

r, t

vr

de prteted

trtre, et.

l cder te fty t, te

-e tre ted t e rp

f te re f tt.

l a rg- vtr v t r

tret t ere ph d Ec f te

trt .

l Eery pt re eery t r te yte.

l y r t r

trtr t r rg r

perd.

Suitable Crops to Grow with

Hydroponics

a rety f rp be rw

ydrp/-e tre. hweer, prrty

t be e t -e rp deped

t rkt t. fg r t

prtt rp t tbe fr ydrp

v:

l Leafy vegetables:

l, h , Kg

k, gtk

l V e g e t a b l e s :

Tt, E Pt, gree

, bt, wg ,

cp, Be pepper,

cg, cr,

cber, me, Rdd

l Fodder crops:

sr, apf, Brey

l Grass: Berd

r, crpet r

l Cereals: Re,

mze

l C o n d i m e n t s :

Prey, mt, ore, sweet

b

l Fruit crops: strwberry

l Flower/ornamental crops: atr,

mrrg, c, r, r, r,

ryte

l Medicinal crops : aer

wt t v-t

de tt ydrp e f te

wy t ree rtr prdt id

der te prbe f d rty d

re ded f fd t te bre

ppt te te d te

e prbe w w ete pt

te rtr eterpre.

(The authors are Ph.D. Scholar at Division of

Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Instute

Nw dlhi 110012 -mail:-Dashrath.sagar@gmail.

com)


42/48


i i, r rt tr tKp Drjeg trt wt bg.s- g t grg t

g tr r rg r t rtt t trt. w tr trt r , t r. w rg r k t, t, rgextrt re ed, t ed r.

Relevance of hydroponics in present scenario:E yer tree re f frd re t trz. T r

5000 pepe. T e we w e t prde refd e d. Tree re f frd ret jty by er d pr d eety. hydrp te wer. Tere eed fr , t be ed y te, t ye 1/25t t t tr vfr d be rw rty ywere. Eer g tr r g r vgt r. hr t v t rt r. y vgtrp rw ydrpy deert ree e(cea) (ofa). a r t tdte tt yed re y er ydrp

cea (ctr evrt agrtr) t ofa (o f agrtr) t grg , t trt, t,prded tr eret.

Requirement of hydroponics: Fw rete reqreet f te we ydrp r wtertre.

. Nutrient soluon:- my fr frr trt v gvt t r qt r, rt t t r trg t t. pt e tre dr rt r drk dy d retre dr dy, brt t, d

gr trtr. sr r r-x trt r, wter eed be dded t prepre te tret t tr r gt fr

b. Growing medium: - ) Grg ed t ed pprt t te rt d pt.) a vrt grg r z r

hi-TEch TEchNology FoR culTiVaTioN oF somE

VEgETaBlEs iN soil-lEss culTuRE

Dr. R.S. Sengar, Dr. Shalani Gupta, Kalpana Sengar and Dr. M. Pandey

tr v q vr t ydrp yte.

. pH:- ) T t r kt trt, ) h rg r r 0-14, )-6 , 6-tr, 8-14 k, v) Treeded ph betwee 6-6.5. Fewppr expe f rw ed re:sd, Brk, srd, verte/Perte, gre,Rk, st, pt sg.

Type of Hydroponics

Soluon Culture: Te pt re red

pre tret ed t y te deredeeet. Te pyre r y ter er rd ee re ed ter d fr pt pprtpe eeered trtre re reqred. Tprtet te rt fr dret t d t ek grt t trt , t tr rered ter ter rfe wt bk pper. Ter r t rt rv t t v k rvgr tr r t t trt . i g t r trt t ph djtet re de d tret r rqt g. Tr r vr

tre ed be bt kp d hded y ed.


43/48


Rock wool culture: Rk w ert,pr, tere rw ed de fr rktt re eted t tepertre d de tt r. T rg r tr tb r b e rkw fr b tre.T rk r r trg

trpt b re pked wte r wte--bk pyetyee eee b re d tw rw rrgt r-rrg t rr t. frz rk rz trg r rrg t . i t t, tr x t rzrt k tk 1:100 r r t pped t te b.

Nutrient lm technique (NFT): it type f wter tre yte w te bre rt re t g trt .Tre nFT t f rw pt w- trg trt

. Rt r t vr t t 12 r t t g xgt trt .ce re pe t w te tret t r t t tter d eted fr retr t te p tk.ntrt r tp tk bk t te e. ntret re ddedt t t reped perdy t rede te bd p f td dee r.

Advantages of hydroponics culture oversoil culture:

1. hydrp tre prde tred trt .

2. Tere re d preet t bze t trt trg r.

3. T rqt rt tr rvt t tx rg rt.

4. Te rwt f bter d f zedw y terwe e dee.

5. Free fr bre dee d weed.

6. ntr , rgt,

er et be ded.7. T yte e yed wt d

qty prde.

8. it w te tre f reee eetbe re were re t tbe fr eetber

Disadvantages of hydroponics

1. T -te yte fr er etet

pred t ter er etd fv.

2. it reqre e etet d e bkwede f etry; pt pyy dr t rr g ttey.

3. sgt tk g xt rqrt rzr t rtx t r.

4. Pet d dee re b rk.

5. nt t vr r t rydrp.

6. pt v qk r t t g bd.

Eect on farmer

1. if ydrp bee jr prt f tertre wrd te fr we kw ttdy er be e.

2. a te trtr d fr eqpet w beg r tr e.

3. a f r fd ee w be rw wter d reee.

Fuure hrus area

1. Deepet f ew tepertre tert, rtt r vr.

2. Dee tr f wter-bre pte ed ydrp yte. Frtervt t r g ydrp reee w rede t de pt f ydrp.

3. crrety p re be drw fr tetq - tr -t,d perp e dy rfe f ter (t, ) tt t v.

4. i te ftre deep tre, t tr , t pepe e d t rret frteqe.

5. i t tr, r prd fd re t re f-rbe d deert d tterr w be re ey ed.

(Dr. R. S. Sengar, Dr. Shalani Gupta, and KalpanaSagar are from Sugarcane Tissue Culture Laboratory,College of Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabh Bhai PatelUnivsiy agiulu & thnlgy, muand Dr.M.Pandey is from Instute of ManagementStudies, C-238, Bulandshahr Road, Indl, Area, LalQuan, G.T. Road, Ghaziabad 201009 , e-mail :[email protected] )


44/48


met kw pudina (t)

e f te t erb d

extr r trv

tretet. mt be t te e Mentha,

t lt (l)

tr gr -g t

b, e, rery, rjr, eder,

peyry d tye. Te t d

r t r v r J mt/

met mt (Mentha.arvensis), peppert

(Mentha piperita), pert (Mentha spicata), (r rt) ppe t (Menthasuaveolens).

Habia

ner te rer, pd d e ter d

pe. it erb, et fr 30 t 100

. o wrked ee wt ery rt tk

r re freqety tke; wte d ry

beet. Fwer tered t pke fr 2 t

5 . it t tr d pet e

wt ke t dfferet fr ter t. T

mENTha: a mEDiciNal PlaNT

Dasharah Prasad and Asha Ram

ft preet t fr be we dered

te ter pee wt better e. mreer

t te re wy te bet eted pee

re epey tbe fr k r et,

were te e tded ere y teded t

ed e.

Origin of the herb

it fd ete wd cetr d

str er (r t rg rgt),

bt w prbby frt pt t e Ed,

wee t tt pred t te Erpe

tet d afr.

Culvaon

prt vt

tr er, nrtr ar, wtr

cetr a fr te pr t. i t

f tee tre, peppert etered e,

DoctoR faRmER


45/48


rep rt v t. i t t

te try bredbket, trp f p d

ft bt 1,500 k d 250 k wde, jt

t f te hy re, p tee tte

pj, h pr, hr, ur pr

d Br.

Chemical composion

T t

et, ete, re, ee, ,

ety ette, pperte, d pee.

mt r, rr

gr. it k t,

, tr rv gtr

v. mt r vr

rv vr qr,

perfery d r yee prdt. lee

xt, vt, gd dper et. l ed perfery

ted f bert r fre eder , e

t r dr. mety ette ed

perfery d tet wter eder

dr. Pperte ed k dr

r. pg t r,

betwee peppert d pr, bt t be

tx. met d ety ette re repbe

fr te pet d refre dr; tey re

t r v r rr

fred dr dy t perd.

Medicinal properes

(a) Internal use

l Somachic, hepatic, carminative: a d

reedy fr det. Tke te wt

te f f dry ee. Jt fter

bed te wter, ee te ret fr we

tk . y t

t wt r r ey.l mt prtet te er d t ep t t

t t . Vr

fr rr. (if f pf f dred

erb per p f wter. Tke pe f e

).

l Anti-flatulence: it tet rr,

ty d et ep expe te

exee te tete, (f f 1

tbep f dred ee r 2 tbep

f fre ee e tre f wter. Tke

t tr ).

l Bad breath: it trt t x

dr prdt f e pt, ke r

d . (if f e tep f dred

pt per p f wter. Tke tw e per

).

l Diarrhea: if f te dred pt.

l Diverculis or diverculosis: mt re

rv t tt tg

ef t e. (if f pf fdred pt per p f wter. Tke tw e

r ).

() ()

fg: 1 mt t t vgtv grt () rg tg ()


46/48


l Sedave:mt, ke peppert, ed t

t rt t. y rk t tr

wt few drp f t eee.

l Respiratory tract: T ef fr

rg r r trt trtt. (Grg

t t q r t 30 g

r t r tr tr). fr r

r (10 te f f pf f

t r t. drk g ).

mt d febrfe, be t rede feer.

(if f pf f dred pt. Tke

).

l Kidney stones or gallstones: ay rety f

t tg rr, vr

fr red p ed by te .

(i t r v).l Headache, Backache or neck pain: very ef

t e bk p r er p (if f

rg t r tr.

Tk ) (i xtr ,

ppy pre ked

t t

v r t

t z).

l very ef t re

ede tt e

tr rg gv

prbe. (if f

rg

tp per p f wter.

Tke pe f p

).

l Febrifuge: a f de wt te ee

r rr k vr g .

mt re ery r et, pet

t gv r rr.

it r t r t rvg t rrtr . T

prr v xt t trtt

t r t r

vr t vr. (10

te f f pf f te dry pt.

drk t g ).

l Relaxing: T t t rk

f t wter wt e drp f t

eee.

l Cataracts: T xt rr t

preet te et f trt (if f

pf f dred pt. Tke pe f p

d).

l Altude sickness: it t rr d

g t gt rr tt

rv r. (i

f pf f dred pt per p f wter.

Tke pe f p dy pe f dy

r vg r t t r g)

Frterre, f f e tep f

dred ee f t per p f d wter

ery tbe t rede te tepertre drtr t t t.

b) External use

i exter e, ppy pre ked

wt te b f ee

r vr t rt

t rg r

r . it

be pped e f et

g. mx t v t eq prt, t be

ed fr br. T ete

rtr t r

t . wt

pre d ppy t te

t jt. it vr t

t v k t tr rt

er te pf re.

l Muscular distensions: Fr r p,

r dte, ppy pre

ked te det f ee d fwer

te pf e. (a pte f ee

ked t wter be pped

rt t r).

l Insect bites or stings: if f te dred

pt. appy t te ffeted re.

Mint can protect the liver and

help it accomplish its metabolic

funcons. Very useful for

cirrhosis. (Infusion of aspoonful of dried herb per

cup of water. Take a couple of

glasses a day).


47/48


l Eczema: w t t r t t

qd fr te f f te dred pt.

l Lice: mt be ed t d e

t d d e ppr. (srb f

te y pt be te k t wrd ff

).

l Hair care: mt be ed t prepre tr

p.

l Tinnitus or os: Bee f t bterd

rr, t rr rrt r

rgg t r,

t r t

t

er. (crefy prde

pe f drp f dted

f tee pt dete er wt pee f

).

l Pyorrhea: mtwe

wt te f f dry

ee.

l Vaginis: w t

t r t t

rg q t

f f te dry pt.

Contraindicaons andToxicity

l mt v, tr , v

txty. hweer, t d t be ed wt

pepe wt t er, r prbe ed

rx. T t t r t rx

te epe e wre ertbr.

nr d t pt be ed f te per

t t gr t.

l it tbe fr dre w

t vr r. it r t rgt t tk

rg t t . T

erb t be y tke te t e der

r.

l p rg r vr

t tkg t rr.

Mint essenal oil, rich in

menthol, used pure, is toxic

and can be fatal to an adultwith a single dose of a

teaspoon. This oil should be

diluted so it can be used. In no

case it should be supplied, even

diluted, to people t

kurukshetra- english may 2012

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