kurukshetra mar 12

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Vol. 60 No. 5 Pages 52 March 2012 Rs. 10/-

FOOD


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Te Montly Journal

MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Vol. 60 No. 5 Pages 52

Marc 2012

CONTENTS

Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message o Rural Development to all people. It serves as a orum or ree, rank and serious discussion on the

problems o Rural Development with special ocus on Rural Uplit.The views expressed by the authors i the articles are their ow. They do ot ecessarily refect the views o the govermet or the orgaizatios they

work or.

The readers are requested to veriy the claims i the advertisemets regardig career guidace books/istitutios. Kurukshetra does ot ow

resposibility.

Sales Emporia : Publications Division: *Soochna Bhavan, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi -110003 (Ph 24365610) *Hall No.196, Old Secretariat, Delhi

110054(Ph 23890205) * 701, B Wing, 7th Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400614 (Ph 27570686)*8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069 (Ph 22488030)*A Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Basant Nagar, Chennai-600090 (Ph 24917673) *Press road, Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthapuram-695001 (Ph 2330650) *Block No.4,

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Chenikuthi, Guwahati 781003 (Ph 2665090)

lThe imponderables of

The food securiTy bill r.c. rj 3

lfood securiTy in rural india:

poverTy in The land of plenTy a h 7

lFOODFORALL d. s r 11

lrighT To food d. h rj gt

e. rt K 17

lfood securiTy and public disTribuTion

SYSTEM ISSUES AND CONCERNS K. b 20

lchallenges To provide food for all d. at m 26

l

harmonize organic farming y.v. sand food securiTy J.p.s. d 29

lFrom the Ground

FinAnciALincLuSiOninBihAR

a sTep Towards developmenT b mk 35

lcanna sTarch high QualiTy subsTiTuTe

for commercial sTarches d. Jk .T.r. 45

lDYingcROwSinBiRDFLuFREEinDiA a s 47

CHIEF EDITORRINA SONOwAL KOULI

EDITORKAPIL KUMAR

JOInT DI RECTOR

VINOD KUMAR MEENACOVER DESIGnANJU ShARMA

EDITORIAL OFFICEROOM NO. 661, NIRMAN BHAVANA-WING (GATE NO.5),MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT,NEW DELHI-110011

TEL. : 23061014, 23061952FAX : 011-23061014E-MAIL : [email protected] SUBSCRIPTION ENQUIRIES,RENEWALS AND AGENCY INFORMA-

TIONPLEASE CONTACT:

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Kurukshetra March 201222

InsIde

at t u ct t f st b d 2011,

t pt t t t. T f st b

t tt t t qt

qtt qt t . T b x t

pt st ctt f.

it 75 t t 50 t

t t t 7 k t, t r.3 k , r.2 k

t r.1 k t t t .

f st t t . T t t,, t . T t t t rt t f

t t t . T

t t tt t, t t tt

tt tt t t

.

rt t u at mt, m s p x

t tt f st b tt t

t t t t b tt qt t t -tt,

t qt.

T t t t tt

t t t t p dtt st (pds) , t t

t t t t t

tt t (pds).

w t, t t t t f st b, t

tt t t t t q t t t

t.

i t t , t j

t t f t .

wt t 236 t, t

tt t k t t, t

x t tt t , t t

t t t b.


4/50


i, t

bt 1947, qk t t

t t , t

tt t, t

, tt tt, . i

t, i bt, t t

usa, t

t t t tt.

h, t t t t

t k t

t k t t t t x

t t? it x tt tt

t.

The imponderables of The food securiTy bill

R.C. Rajamani

T, t xt t, t

t k t t t

t. h t nt

f st b tt t

t.

The Bill

T b, t t t

t, x t

t tt. T k t t

75 t t t 50 t

t t t 7

k -- t r.3 k ,

If even one individual were to go without food, then let the whole universe be annihilated,thundered revolutionary poet Subramania Bharati more than a hundred years ago.

That hunger is the most basic and primordial urge that must be met for human survival bears out

what food means to life. No wonder, among the three basic human needs food takes the first place

as is evident in the axiom, roti, kapda aur makkaan (food, cloth and shelter).


5/50


r.2 k t r.1 k

t t t t (bpl)

. T t ( t

apl) t t t 3 k

t t t t

t (msp) .

it tt t t

qt t, t,

q t t. b, t

qt t tt t

t t t t tk.

PDS

at t, t pds

t 6.5 11.5 t . a t

tt, pds k ( t

40 t). m tt t t k

t t t t ct p

tt t t t . f

t t t t.

o t t, t t t

t t

tt t t t.

i , xtt t, t ,

t t t kt

tt t .

n t, t t k

t tt

tt t ttt t

. it tt

ttt t t

t tt t

t. a t t t t t

t t

t. T t t t t

tt t k t ,

t pds

. T xt t

t t t t

t r.63, 000 , k

t tt t t t

t. T t

at t xt t

r. k .

a t u at mt

s p t t t t t

at t t t. h

t t pds. h

t qt t t xt

t t t t t at. a

t t, t tt

t k t , t

stt , , qt t

, t t. e t

t t, t t t t t t. a

t tt

q tt t,

t.

T t t t,

ttt tt t

According to Union Agriculture Minister Sharad Pawar it will be

dicult to implement the proposed Act under the present system. He has

suggested massive reforms in the PDS. He has raised the queson whether the

exisng mechanism is compable with the spirit of the Act. As he has pointed

out, there are serious limitaons on all fronts like capacies of mandis,

nancial posion of State agencies, manpower, quality inspecon

mechanism, storage and movement.


6/50


t. gt t t

t t t

t t t t

t.

T ct k t stt t t tt t pds

t t t k

t t.

f ct i

t t -tt

tt k a, b, J K,

Jk, utt p wt b. T

o, m p, ctt, K,

T n t t

tt, - t qtt t

t stt.

a t ak gt, c t

c at

ct p, n

-

t t

t t

t t

t 4% .

at t t 2.5%, 2.4%,

3.2%, t t t t p,

t 4% tt. p t

t, gt t, ft

t t t t

t tt t

. bt t t !

it t t tt

t b t .a t t

t t ; t

qt t tt t

t, t tt tt

t; t t t stt k

t t t ,

t t t ;

t t t ct

stt t tt

.

Validity of the Bill

at t cttt t

t b. T T n c mt, m. J.

Jt, k t t

t b k stt t. utt p c

mt, m mt t t.

a t d m s st, t

t tt, t b t

t k pds, t - x

t, t t t t

. a t , t b

tt .

o t t

t t

t t .

gt t

tt 2011-

12 k t t -

t 250

t. ett ttt t 650 700

k t q t

t t . a t

qt tt

t , t t t tt

15 t

t tk t t .

T ct tt 526.8 k

t t tt t. bt,

xt t tt t tt. a t

p c, p s,

t t t t t

t

tt t t t t t

.

The Bill has no role

for gram sabhas and local

bodies in achieving social

protection measures.


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et t -

J n ut,

p b b btt t tt

t t t

t t t

.

Storage Problems

T t t. ct,

t tt- f ct i

t ct w ct t

t t t 87 t .

T cwc 487 t t

10.6 , t fci, t 1,500 ,

t t t. T

t k t t, xt, t

k .

s, t t

tt t t

t t t k

. v t k

k tt t t t

t t tk,

i t tt .

i t tt t t

k t t jt

itt f p r ittt

g h ix (ghi), 2011. it k 67

t 81 t t t t t

t tt. i t

t t t t t t

t t t t

t. c, i

b t t tt

t t ghi t .

T tt t 14 t

t tt

tt. T ghi t q

t t - t t t

t tt , t t

t -

tt.

T t t t

t t t t

t t t t t

. T t t

t t t

t t t. T

t t t

t t t

x t

Trp t t.

st, t t t t t

, k t t

jt t . a t fao t

tt t 225 (23 t t

tt t) i ,

t 260 (24 t t tt t) t t

. at t

t t t

t 1993-1994 1999-2000, t tk

tt t

t t t

(Te) 1992 Te 1999. i i, t

t t t

t t t .

T t t x t t t

t t f st .

e t t t t

t t t tk. T

t t, tt t

t xt

t tt t

tt kt kt

t k.

n t, e t

. bt t t t tt

q t t t

t.

(The author is a Senior Journalist based in

New Delhi, e-mail :[email protected])


8/50


w

le te ida costo does ot

xt eo te rt to food

t t, t t

esred Arle 21 of te costo as te

fdametalrttolfeofeveryidaze.T

rttofoodsestateverydvdalmstave

relar aess to set, troally adeqate

ad ltrally aeptable food for a ave ad

t . i tk t t tt t

of a self-sey food ra prodo

t t

av a domes prodo far exeed te

aosoveralldemad-idaasbeetess

t tk t

food securiTy in rural india:

poverTy in The land of plenTy

Anupam Hazra

alterately.ireetyears,tebaleaaster

t t t t t

i. T

t i

t tk t tt t

avalabltyoffoodbttlleoroaesstot

t .

ida s oe te most proressve ao of

te orld, mak aves te eld of see

t, et. global ml-

aoalsadrodstresaveaedte

i t

t, t

Rural India achieved self-sufficiency in food grain production in the 70s and has sustained it since

then; but the achievement of food grain security at the national level did not percolate down to

households, resulting into high chronic food insecurity among the rural poor. In this context the

National Food Security Bill, 2011 is a revolutionary initiative of the Government, raising hope for

the millions of hungry Indians residing across six lakh villages of this country.

Extent of Food Insecurity in Rural India: Some glimpses

Teproporoofpoplaoosmlessta1890kal//demasfatreasedtestatesof

o, m p, Ktk, wt b, rjt pj.

Almost2/3rdofrraloseoldsJarkadddotaveaesstosafedrkater2001.

Moreta90peretofrraloseoldscasar,Jarkad,OrssaadMadyaPradesddot

t tt t t .

a t tt - a p, b, gjt, h, Ktk, K, m p

Rajastaavesoreasetedeeofaaemaamoometereprodveaerop.

T t a p (51 t 64 t),

h (48 t 57 t) K (23 t 32 t).

TeproporoofometcEDasdrasallyreasedforAssam(28to40peret)folloedbyBar(40 t 46 t), m p (42 t 45 t) h (31 t 33 t).

12otof20statesderosderaoavereserta80peretforproporoofrralaaem

ldre.Bar,tatalreadyadareof81peret,asfrterreasedto89peret.

TeproporoofrralsttedldreKaratakaasreasedfrom39to43peret.

Source: worldFood Proram(wFP) /M.S. Samata Resear Fodao (MSSRF). (2008). Reporto teStateof Food

isertyRralida.neDel,ida:wFP/mssrf


9/50


. bt t jt

t t t i. r i

sllstrlesfortsbaseessesoflfelkefood,

drk ater, satao ad edao. i spte

of some mprovemet troal stats te

aoal level, early alf ofte rralldre are

ser from maltro. Vtam-A deey,

t t t

- t t t

ldrefromterraloseolds.irodeeys

qt t t t ,

t . o t t , -tt

deey s eqally ommo amo te rral

poplao ad espeally amo te vlerable

.

Expansion and Coverage of Major FoodSecurity Iniaves: At A Glance

Integrated Child Development Services

(ICDS): T icds s

1975 ct s s t

oeoftsoreamtomprovetetroal

t tt t

aeofsxyearsadpreatadlata

t; l 1975, t

33 jt

t 7073 jt 2009, t t t87.3mllobeearestroaetork

t 1 Anganwadit.

Mid-Day Meal Scheme: l 15t

at 1995 - t ,

t @ 100

ldpersooldayadooked/proessed

t t

tt 300 8-12

t

200 3 k tt t 9-11 t . T s

tt (c i-v) gt

p s p s

gt t p s

by loal bodes. i drot-aeted areas,

t - tt t

smmer vaaos also. 12

t t

t .

Targeted Public Distribuon System

(TPDS): i t t

mmm qaty of food ras to te

t t , t

gt t Tpds J

1997. itastededto beet abot sx

t t

qt 72 k t

k t t t 10 k

perfamlypermot.Tetotalo-takeof

(t ) Tt

Pbl Dstrbo System (TPDS) dr

a 2007 t m 2008 t 33.5k t 265.6 k t

109.07 k t t.

Antyodaya Anna Yojana: i t

k Tpds tt

toardstepoorestseoof poplao,

t at a yj (aay)

laed Deember, 2000. ially AAY

otemplated deao of oe rore

t t t

t bpl Tpds tt stt t t

alysbsdsedrateofRs.2/perkfor

eatadRs.3/-perkforre.TeAAY

s x qt

t t 2.5

.

Mahatma Gandhi Naonal Rural

Employment Guarantee Act: iated

2005, MgnREgA s te rst ever la

teraoally tat aratees aet t t .

a t t

t t

t t

arateedaeemploymetaaal

t t


10/50


t t k

k; t revoloary leslao

t 450 -

t t t.

Naonal Food Security Mission: ct

Sposored Seme o naoal Food

st m t

otrytoeaeteprodoofre,

t 10, 8 2

toesrespevelybyteedofte11t

p.

The Issue of FoodSecurity Bill 2011

f t t j

developmetal prores for rral ida se te

epoofteotrysveyearplaproess.Rral ida aeved self-sey food ra

prodote70sadassstaedtsete;

t t t t t t

aoallevelddotperolatedotooseolds,

resl to ro food serty amo

te rral poor. i ts otext te naoal Food

Serty Bll, 2011 s a revoloary ave of

t gt, t

i x k

tsotry.Esmatessesttat68peretof

teotrys1.2bllopoplaolletaleal

etlemetforfoodrasaerteBllseated.

s, t t t tt t t t

Atllbeasatotrbootepartof

t t t t

; t t t t

tspledetoaatrefreedombyexler

fromeveryome.iaaoeremammotealt

adtesedestoaveo-exstedforyears,a

tt t t t tt

, ,

t.

The Issue of Food storage and

Management

i t txt t ,

t t

stass are mak t apparet tat te ida

t tt t,

tesadleakaesareosteaoaforte

t t t t jt

rralpoorsastaoereteyllot

beaposoetertoaordtosqaremealsa day or to qell ter saable er. wt a

236 t

2010-11,overmet odos arebrsat

t . mt t ,

tk x t-t. o t t

, i 600 t

t t, t 25% t 30%

sasteddetoadeqatelosalspport.So,

leaoaslearlyplayedapart,tefood

t t t

toesrepeoplesetlemetstofood.Moreover

tmakesosesetokeepspedoprodo,

fstoraeadmaaemetsadledderetly

t. f tk , t

otryeedstovestsbstaally,yetraoally

osafestoraeadsemaaemetoffood

stoksbeaseveryoetseoedtromass

tt t

t qt

t t.

The Issue of food grain availability

d 2008-09, - t

esmated to be a reord 228 mllo toes bt

t t tt

t t. mt t t t

tat despte overo food stoks, per apta

food ra avalablty oes to be amo te

t t . f t 2009

jt 444 t t

434 2010. o t t

ad,ArsoryveofutednaosworldFoodp t t, t t t

t i

-aptlyreetstatida,sosderedtobe

t tt t

- x t

t t t t 27%


11/50


te orlds derorsed poplao; mak t

peretlyevdet tt t t

i t t

dex(BMi)atlessta18.5adattesameme

43%ldreaed belove arederet. s

k t , t qt ttt t t

teproperdstrbooffoodadmaktem

aordableparlarlytoterralpoor,otfood

prodo.

Food for All in Rural India: Making ItHappen

TroaoofMgnREgA-temmm

t t

t tt . T mgnregs t t t

oorforte rralae level, makaeps

aomore vsbleadpromet bt takl

t i q

ml-setoraleorts;eletedloalbodes,toeter

t t tt t t

.e. ealt, edao, ome ad ldelfare,

t t, t.

mrolevelaoplasforfoodsertyaves.

Oteoead,reeedaeotofoodad

trosold prompt ao for desad

mpleme sod food ad tro poles

ad at te same me, t s also eessary to

t t

ooperaves, self-elp rops ad oter soally

t t t t

prodoadpost-arvestpasesoffarm.Te

t t t t t

aeosoldbepadtoaarltrefor

foodserty.So,lmatelyombafoodrss

i q - t

ttt t t

tt

tt t t

atoal/state/reoal tt

t t pt rj t

tt t

tt t t -

tt t,

t

t t

sataoforterralpoor

tt t

t t

edaoalbeermetoftevlerablead

bakardseooftesoety

k t-

t

system for te food ad tro serty

aves

O teoterad, eorts toardsaev

tedesredoaloffoodsertyabetesed,f a deetralsed approa to mplemetao of

t t. T

t

t t t

, t

of te problems of tro ad drk ater.

wtsaolsapproa,ro,ddead

tt i

osteeveadmeaflmaer.

ConclusionK t t t -tk

adterateoffoodraprododrtelast

, i k t tt t t

rretrateoffoodprodoftegovermet

ptsmte aeotoardsproper storae ad

dstrbo of avalable food ras ad at te

sameme f taesreproper mplemetao

of teexs food serty avesmata

t t t gt t t t for aexorbtat avelke TeRtto Food

at .

(The author is Assistant Professor in

Department of Social Work at Assam (Central)

University, Silchar 788011; Assam; E-mail:

[email protected])


12/50


uPAsmostamboselfareproramme

f st i t

t t t k . T f

st b t i

t t t. w tRttoiformaoAtadteMaatmagad

naoal Rral Employmetgaratee Atpassed

2005adteRttoEdaoAt2008ad

t t f st b

t t t t t t

t, t 700 . it

reartsbasedleslaotoelmateer

&deprvao.

Te Food SertyBll arrestepoteal

food-for-all

Dr. Shahin Razi

to alter te deses of mllos of idas poor

t , t

lealrtsetfoodtolvetdty.itas

approved by te cabet aer over to years of

tese, somemes fraos debate. Te debateosstoParlamet,ampas,temedaad

t .

T b

maltroasafdametalrt.itprovdesfor

t t , & t

allzestoaveaesstosafeadtrosfood,

tt t qt t t

aaveadealty lfetdty. insort t

hunger musT go.

The Food Security Bill carries the potential to alter the destinies of millions of Indias poor and

disadvantaged people, by assuring them as a legal right sufficient food to live with dignity.

According to Prof. Jean Dreze Hunger is almost a hidden national emergency.


13/50


What is Food Security ?

st t

tt t t

t t

t t t tt, k t,

evrometal satao, bas ealt are ad

prmaryedao.Tefoodsoldoratefrom

eet ad evrometally be prodo

t tt t t

, , t,

admareseres.

fao (1983) t t

t t :

() T tt jt t

t tt t t

t t

t t .

() f t t :

, t qt

; x tt t

; t

t t t

t. Salient Features of the Naonal Food Security

Bill :

l s t 75 t

poplao ad p to 50 per et of rba

poplao

Beearesdvdedtoprorty adeeral

t.

l7 k. t t

oseoldsatpresotexeedRs.3/2/1

for1k.ofre/eat/oarseras.lnt t 3 k. t

t t x

t t (msp)

t t x

te derved MSP (reallatedMSP aer de-

k ) .

lntroal spport for ldre ad lata

t.

lmt r. 1,000 x t

forlatamoters.

lOefreemealeverydayfortedestte.

lAordablemealsatommtyktesforte

.

lT t t t

t t-t

lFaalmplaoesmatedatRs.94,973r.

.

Tenaoal Food Serty Bll, redraed o

t k tt t

rops provdes for dereal ra etlemets

tofamlesdepedotereoomodo.itsaysatleast46peretofterralpoplao

t t t

to reeve aerqatyofra at a eaper

t t 29 t t

t.

i rbaareas, 28peretof te poplao

t t t.

Teperetaeofbeeares,oever,may

tt t tt. T -

t t t xt

beeares.

v t t t t

t t 75 t

t 50 t . T

t t t. bt t t

tt t tt.

uderterevsedbll,aesmated2.25rore

ome ll et Rs. 6,000/- ea apart from free

t t.

i exepoal staos, tebllprovdes for

t . p

dltterrasmtettsbeet.

s t

pbldstrbosystem(PDS).


14/50


Tebllallosastrasferexepoalases

t t pds t . it

by trod ompterzao ad mata

t .

Teaalmplaooftebllsesmated

t r. 94,973 . T t

t t pds tt

testatesavetoesrepropermplemetao.

Testatesllbearertaostsrelatote

materalalloaeadfreemealsfortedestte

t t. ct tt b

pj k t u t t

teost-sarformla.TenaoalFoodSerty

BlltsptsteosofmplemetaoofteBll

t stt gt t

bearaspeedsareofteost.

a t p. J d h t

aoal emerey. Te follo fats

t t.

1. 20% t -

t i.

2. 25 t s-s t

tt t i t t.

w t pkt.

3. 4 a t n, c,

K s t

t i t

tt ( k).

4. 410 t

jt t i

tt t t 26 - a

t, t ox ut

t

5. s : T i

tt; t t tt t

t .6. T pj, i t

tt, t k

vt s a.

7. m p, i t tt, gjt,

casaradharyaaareorseota

s.

8. b Jk k t

Zmbabeadha.

crs say te Food Serty Bll troded

pt, t

pblaes.Btotersseetasaopefor

i.

PotcoterPot:wattecrs+Advoatesof

t f st b :

MYTH FACT

a

Rs. 1 Lakh

Crore t

t

pllo

t

beaallyt.

gt. Rs. 67,000

c . T t

to2011poplao,sbsdyll

t r. 27,000

poplao.Partofostsllbe

tt.

n t

t

t

prodve

-t

.

i t

. it , x,

jt 1.2% of GDP t,

o t, ct jt

0.3%.

f t

t

t

ell-o.

c t

t 63.5%

of te poplao from 75%

.

T t

t.

t

.

i 2010-11, i

181.2 t : t.

62.3 t

t, 34%. T q 63

t.

T

t

t

t.

i , t, t

storae fales for 63mllo

t. at 15 million

tt. T

t t qt.

TeoaoofteAtsotmebod,

staes.EveaerteAtomes

tofore,teetlemetsofgeeral(asopposed

t pt) t k

topbldstrb t (pds) , t

t


15/50


t ct gt. ft, t t

tk tatteaddoalreqremets

of te Bll a be absorbedat lle extra ost for

qt .

f t

60mllo toes ts s set for fll-sale

mplemetao of te Bll aross te otry.

it, t

t t t 20 , t t 5% ,

t t t t t

abrptly.Teotrysafoodstoksprovde

t, t .

T f t

to address tree sses before t a et o te

.

Frst,defytepoor.Asemefor750mllo

peopleoldoompletelyoteralsftesbsdy

t t t t

toseodo.Satdesrablelsoad

x .

TenAc sests defy te rba poor

s tree types of vlerables; resdeal

( ;

aesofbepoor);opaoal(rksa

pllers,ostrolabor,domeselp,bears

t.); ( t -

18 t 60). i , , t

t , t k t

- t ,

people, oldpeople, sedledastes / trbes. Ts

( ), t t k t x

t .

s, t t t

t . T t 1 qt

t 2003-04 r. 138.2 r.

289. By Jly 2002, te Foodcorporao of ida t 63 t , t

tt t, t

addeldstrbo.

T, t t t t . it t r.

6.68 t t ortofbeettote

poor 1999-2000 tro tepbldstrbo

systemoffarpresops.wtperfettareof

beeares,tsresoldavebeeRs.1.52.

T tt t tt

t t t t t

14, preat ome ad destte, starv ad

omeless persos. For te rst me, t esres a

t r. 1,000 x t t

t t, t t t

eatbeer,adbreaseedterldre.it aords

t t t t t t

foodetlemets ayere teotry.Rao

t t ,

t .

Problems

Te real problem t te cabet dra Bll

tt t t t t t , t .

Maltro ad starvao reqre m more

taameal,bt all teseStatedesavebee

erasedfromteovermetdra.itastoomay

extlases.istaosofatralalamty,des

t at . c t

, k xt t t k

.

T b x t

, t -

serepoplaos.itoldbetolde

t t t

t t f b, t tt

lveloods, ad spr arltral prodo. Te

t, t t k

i t t.

TenaoalFoodSertyBllllmeetaoal

t mt g t i : t

t.

Teresaaeptableextetofder-tro

admaltroida,opesposoalldesrelatoer.

s ct t tt

t t t t t t t

esredArle21oftecosto.Oeof

t t t upa t t

2004fortenaoalcommssoofFarmers(ncF)


16/50


t k t -t

strateyforfoodadtrosertyteotry

t t t

sertyoverme.TencFeldosltaosall

over ida o te patays to a tro-sere

ida.itsreportassbmedoOtober4,2006.

st t f

Sertyidaabeaevedbytakderet

stepsbyteravarosooprorammeso

tro ad employmet ad by a some

.

l Faltatetesepofloallevelommty

k,

adlemessotatavalabltyoffoodarles

t . i

baks,foodarlessoldbeloaedasperte

eedadsoldberealzedaertesrpls

t.

l SepoffoodbersatgramPaayatad

g s tt t t

oldbeesredatrtme/mmedately.

S food bers sold be sed for te

beearesteformofpartofteraes

deret rral employmet prorammes

ld te naoal Rral Employmet

gt s. T

t t t t

k. uk t

k kt t t pt

t .

s t t t t

loalpoplao.

lPromote te lvao ad osmpo of

t, t . ft,

veetable adoterfoodpreservao of te

t

for osmpo of te loal poplao to

matatetroalsertyatsstaable

t t t

t t kt.

lPbl Dstrbo System (PDS) sold be

streteedbeaseaeevePDSabete

k t t,

t t . stt

of te pbl dstrbo system ll esre

te avalabltyof esseal ommodes.Te

basketoftepbldstrbosystemsold

t t t

tattmeetsalltetroalreqremetsof

t .

lm- t tt t

t t t t

t t t t k

tobe aetedbyte avalablty of foodad

maltro.

lntroalsertysemesofteovermet

t t ,

t t.

lPromotetesepoffodderadfeedbaks,

se lvestok ad lvelood are mately

t t t t t dretlyrelatedtotetroalsertyofte

peopleteformofderetdaryprodts.

lat - t t

potealfortereaoofjobsadtssold

be streteed to provde opportes for

t t t .

lT t

tt t

t t k t t t

reasesteomelevelofteparpats

t t .

lFood-for-orkavessaseldbd,

reao of dells admor ater taks

tk. T

t t t

termfoodsertytroreaoofassets,

ll rease arltral prodvty

t t . s k

arebetakenaoalRralEmploymet

gt s t t k

t.

lcotrat farm t prvate parpao

sold be eoraed. Te relaosp

t t

mtallysymbo.Teprvateplayersaelp

t t qt t

beermarkeoftefarmprode.no-farm

t t


17/50


t t t t t .

s -t

t t

rralareasllresltvaleaddo

t t

t topportestotepeopleterralareas.

T k t

abetraedadaedtoestablss

- t.

lFarmersooperavessoldbestreteed

t tt t t t

eeve pt delvery system ad eeve

marke of te arltral prode. Major

ropslkeeat,paddy,oo,mazesold

t

t t

torop falres atral alames, adverse

eaterodosadpestdamae.

lat t , t

sropppaeroftefarmerssome

t t

-. T t t

reversedtoavodtefrterdeterorao

t .

li t t , qt t

t t t

stateovermetsadparpaoofprvate

players. Ts ll elp mely ad qalty

spply of major pts lke seeds, ferlzers

ad pesdes. Te state overmets at k t t t

tt t t

lvao.itoldalsotakeareofspros

t kt.

p at s, t

rofida,asbeeridatoaord

prorty to elmao of latet er, der-

orsmetadmaltro.heasateorytat

demoraestakeqkoeoffamesbtotof

tevsblefamesaetmaymoremllos

t . it t t t

i t t tt t

trestearestessaddetermao.

(The author is Associate Professor, Reader, PG

Department of Economics and Dean of the Faculty

of Arts, Jamshedpur Womens College, Jamshedpur

e-mail : [email protected])

S U B S C R I P T I O N C O U P O N(For Ne Membersip/Reneal/Cange in Address

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Also ensure tat it is dran in favour of Director

Publication Division, Ministry of Information and

Broadcasting, Ne Deli.


18/50


i t t

tt t t t .

it t t t

t t, tt qt

t t t

t . a t t

t tt t

tt t t

qt t

. w k 1946 t nk, mt

g t k tt T

t , g . T t

t 65 t

j. pt t t

t k t t . T

t t t

Tk ctt rt 2004-05 tt tt 41.8 t t

righT To food

Dr. Harender Raj Gautam and Er. Rohitashw Kumar

25.7 t

tt t .

Te uted naos Food ad Arltre

Orazao (FAO) says tat arod 1.02 bllo

t . T

tatalmostoe-sxtofallmatysserfrom

er.Aordtotereportofteutednao

st g (J 2011), t 900

k t xt t

2015, i xt t t t

300mllo.AordtoiteraoalFoodPoly

Resear isttesglobal her idex for2010,

idasrakedapoor67tbaler.its

29 t t t t ,

tt . T x

k t -t, ofldmaltroadratesofldmortalty.

According to the report of the United Nations Secretary General (January 2011), of the 900 million

people who are likely to be in extreme poverty in 2015, India is expected to be home to more than

300 million.


19/50


h q tk

t 50 t. w t

t t t t

asasfatorytakeofprote,idateperapta

tk t 10 . T l

AoAd ts reet report (2010) fod tat t t t t

i 42 t 5

ofaeareatedbymaltro.Tsorazao

t t tt t t

t 1990-2005 t t

5.3 t

poplao.

i i, t

t t t

t k

t jt

t . naode, 57 per

t t xt

44.4

t .

Tsorrfysearoertalyjsesteeed

rt t f at t

t t t . T

ct gt t t

brnaoalFoodSertyAt(nFSA)toeradate

eradredemaltroteotry.Te

t t pt twt s t t st

commee.Asproposed,teleslaosoto

over63.5peretoforpoplaoadaetled

t 35 k ( ,

t ) t t t

rafromRs.1to3.itsesmatedtatspplyof

t t

61 t t 71 t

follo te trodo of teproramme ad

teaalfdalloaoforfoodsertyold

t t r.83,000 t t r.1 k .

Food Consumpon

implemetaoofteRttoFoodAtll

q t t t

t t t t t

people. Or poplao of 1.2 bllo s lare,

, xt t t 1.6 2030.

Bt, or aal rot of food prodo as

otkept paet orpoplaorot. During

1990-2007, our populaon has grown by 1.9 per

cent, in comparison to disproporonate growthof 1.2 per cent in food producon. wt

i, t .

it s expeted tat food osmpo idall

1.2 t t

tk t t t

poplaoadreasperaptaomes

t t t t t

t t. pt, t ct gt

t 54.7 t

t t

tk t 27.1 t t t 27.6

t. Te esmated aal

qt

t 446 k t

Tareted Pbl Dstrbo System (TPDS) ad

50 k t t . wt

tetrodoofRttoFoodAt,terellbe

xt 200 k t qt

t . f t t

t, t t t t t

t t t 20 t

foodradetasbeeprojetedby2020.Bt,

tt t t t t, t

t 3 t t

last to deades ad tat toot volalty

frtsatalsarltre?Aqesomarkote

tt t t.

i t t t

adamotesedervestmet,loprodvty,

rrao ad post arvest losses are te ma

t. g, tt t

t t t tsetor.FoodadArltreOrazao(FAO)ave

t tt t t

tt us $ 30

t t , t t w f st

1996, t

2015. a t fao, t

Naonwide, 57 per cent

of the expenditure in rural

areas and 44.4 in urban

areas is used for the

purchase of food.


20/50


oal developmet assstae as drasally

19 t 1980 t 3 t

2006. bt, t t t t 5 t. i

ida, bdet alloaos ad atal expedtre

for arltral setor s oosly del

f y p 15 t ttt t t ft f y p (1951-56) t

3.7 t et f y p (2007-12). T

tt 2 t

tearltrerossdomesprodt(gDP)

rretlyraesfrom0.5to0.6peret.Alloao

t tt t 5.84

t 2008-09, t t t tt t

t t k

t t

t. u tt

arltre s reakolededetaddeto

t t i

t

t . T,

t t

t

t tt

t

f dt itt t

opo.

Low Producvity

Lo prodvty of te rops s also te

t. e u t

202 t 37,040

t , i 242

t 142.7 .

c t t

t tt t t 1970. c

t . n, t 60

t t c .

a t, c t

t i, t 3 t

. c t 200

t 29 t i

150 t 44 . T,

or mmedate aeo ad ao s eeded to

mproveteprodvtyofeat,re,plsesad

olseedsteido-gaeplasadeasterida,

parlarlyBar,Jarkad,casar,Orssa,

easter uar Prades, west Beal ad Assam.

cetralgovermet as pt aambosplaby

fos o tese realzed poteal areas. Te

ct gt

lkenaoalFoodSertyMsso,RastryaKrsVkasYojaa,naoalhorltreMsso,naoal

at ext st t

vestmetarltreadrapddssemaoof

teoloy.Allteseeortsaretaretedtomaxmze

t t t t t t

prodo. Tere salsoret eed to fos o

oterkeyareasarerrao,boteoloy,

protetedlvao,post-

t t

rop spe mssos.

a i t t , t

eed for ame

te rrao fales

t

raater arves ad

byambosplaofter-

k t . T

salsoreteedforapplaoofboteoloy

t. T t t

t , t-tt

ad drot ad ood resstat varees ofmajor

, . T

t t t

more teoloal terveos te form of

yeld rop vareesad beer arltral

praestoaelerateterotoftearltre

to 4per et.Empasss also reqredo beer

postarvestmaaemetpraestommzete

10-15 t 30-35

t t t t t.

(The Dr. Harender Raj Gautam is Senior

Scienst, Department of Mycology and PlantPathology, Dr.Y.S.Parmar University of Horculture

and Forestry, Nauni, Solan-173230, Himachal

Pradesh. and Er. Rohitashw Kumar is Scienst,

Division of Agricultural Engineering; SKUAST-K,

Shalimar, Srinagar (J&K). 191 121, e-mail: hrg_

[email protected])

The esmated annual requirement of

food grains is about 446 lakh tons under

Targeted Public Distribuon System

(TPDS) and 50 lakh tons under other

welfare schemes. With the introducon

of Right to Food Act, there will be

approximately 200 lakh tons more

requirement of the food grains.


21/50


f t t

mestosetqaesoffoodtoleada

aveadealtylfe.Tsreqresotjst

qt t t t t

t t t

t qt .

T qt t

qataveadqaltaveaspets.Teqatave

t t t t

teeoomysoldbesettomeettedemad

food securiTy and public disTribuTion sysTem-

ISSUES AND CONCERNS

K. Baby

adteqaltavedmesorelatestetroal

reqremetsoftepoplaoareproperlylooked

aer.As farasteqesoofeopras

apaty s oered, t volves te trodo

of employmet eerao proramme so tat

t t

reases.Totakleteqaltaveadqatave

t t t , gt

i t t - t

t:

There are close linkages existing between food security and socio-economic development,

human rights, rural health, public Distribution system (PDS), and improving human development

indicators in the developing countries. It is well documented that most poor families in the

world spend nearly 80 percent of their total income on food grains. Prof. Amartya Sen states

that the causes of hunger in India currently are the wide prevalence of poverty and the inability

of a large section of the population to buy food or to establish entitlement over an adequate

amount of food. Here it is imperative to give priority to food security problem and challenges

in the present environment.


22/50


l p dtt st (pds)

litt c dt s

(icds)

lm- m p (mdm)

Need for Food Security

f 1947 , t

for all as bee a aoal oal. Food serty s

deedaspysal,eoom,adsoalaessto

t, k t, t

, t . utt

t t t

orms,deradmaltroremadespread

orotry.cldreadomesertemost.

it t t

ad eoom rot rate, or reptao te

elds of eradao of er ad maltro

spoor.itelastdeade,empassrelaoto

bas ma eeds as sed from a patroae

t t . T t

tro Parlamet Approved Leslao te

eld of edao, formao, ad employmet.

ct, t x

anaoalFoodSertyBlllloferevery

i t t t .

Challenges on Food securitya tt q

amlproedapproa tat addressesmlple

t t t.

Temlproedstrateesrelatedto

lst t t

lr t

leqt t t

t

ls t t tt t,

t, tt

li

Quantave aspects of Food security

b t tt t

t t ,

t t

. at t t tt

t t g rt stt, t

t , t

t t t

t tk

t t t t t. i

t1970

t t t. it t

t t t -t- tt

t tk

t t fci (f ct

i) t tk t t

t t pds. d t t ,

t tk x t t x

tk.

Issues and concerns

w t tk t t k

tt t t, t

. it t t tt t t

t t t

t , t t

t t .(t 82 t 2009-10 90

t 2014-15), t t t k

t t t k t

t tt

.(t, t tt

2778 k t 1999-2000, 2708 k

t 2006-07, 2785 k t

2007-08).

a , t t

t t txt 2002-03. h tt t

t t tt t 2000 k

t. a,

tt t t t.

a t ,

i t t qtt.


23/50


Qualitave aspects

T qtt t t t t

a t g h ix, 2009-10

i k 96 119 t

a t t w f p,

50 t t

i

at 35 t

i t

350

,

t 80 t

t qt.

n 9 t 10

t

t15-40

a t

20

t t

tt.i tt 21.6 t tt t

t 5 .

Maltroaotsfor50peretofder

5 t

at t t

velveida

51 t t

Public Distribuon System in India(PDS)

pds t t tt

t t t t t

ofida.Tebasobjeveso t pds i

toprovdeessealosmeroodsateapad

t t t t

t t t

t

ommodes ad mata

te mmm troal

stats ofor poplao. i

addotofoodras,PDS

ifortedstrboofedble

, , , k

t. T t tt

t pds

i , t,

k. Tt

t t

t 86 t

t pds . p,

ostte a mportat

t t , t 0.2 t tt pds . pds i

teolepoplaoasomeasofdrettare

areemployed. PDSdstrbtes ommodesort

t r 30,000 t t 160

t t tk

t k t .

Production-consumption gap in major

Food items in India (in Million Tones)

Year Rice Wheat Pulses Sugar Oilseeds

2005-06 2.3 -4.2 -0.9 -4.1 -4.6

2006-07 6.7 -0.4 -1.0 0.7 -1.9

2007-08 6.6 2.4 -1.6 8.3 -6.2

2008-09 6.2 2.2 -2.6 5.1 -4.0

2009-10 6.0 9.8 -2.2 -8.1 -4.7

2010-11 -2.8 2.1 -2.3 -7.5 -6.0

Source RBI Bulletin 2010

PDS has been considered

as the most important food

based safety net introduced

by the government of India. The

basic objecves of the

PDS in India is to provide essenal

consumer goods at cheap and

subsidized price to the consumers

so as to insulate them from

the impact of rising prices of

these commodies and

maintain the minimum nutrional

status of our populaon.


24/50


Te cetral isse Pre (ciP) xed by te

overmetremaedalteredll1997,teadal

tt t t Tt

PblDstrboSystem(TPDS),tesse

t t (apl)

xedeqaltoteeoomost,adforBPLere

xedat50peretofeoomost.Formakte

PDSsystemmoreeet,teovermetreded

t apl 70 t

2010-11.

Flaws in Food security System

l Limited benefit to poor from PDS. m

t

tt t t

t

t pds

t

t

kt

t t pds t t

t.

l Regional disparities in PDS Benefits. T

qt . pds tt t

t

t.

lThe burden of Food Subsidy .pds

i t t

t gt.

lInefficiencies in the operation of FCI. T

t fci t

t

t t t t

t t t, tt t

t.

lPDS results in inaon. Te operao of

pds t t

, t t t tt

t t

overmetatallyredesteetqaes

t kt.

llk pds. p k

t t t t

tt t t t

kt. T j t t k

t t t t

kt t t t.

Conclusion

i t t t, t

system s oe of te most sat ma

t t. T k

exsbeteefoodsertyadsooeoom

developmet, rral ealt ad pbl dstrbo

t (pds), t

t t t. w t

toderstadaddotteopmalsoloof

mateproblemsofpoverty,er,dseases,

admaltro.

Many empirical studies

have shown that the ruralpoor have not beneted much from

the PDS as their dependence on the

open market has been much higher

than on the PDS for most of the

commodies.

Public distribuon System

Food security

(The author is Asst.Prof. Economics, Govt.

College Chiur, Palakkad (Dt.), Kerala. 678104,

e-mail: [email protected])


25/50



26/50



27/50


T t

t t t

. a t t w bk, t

83% t

dr last tree years as pt a qeso mark t t t . f

t tt t t t

ofaao.Rapdreasefoodpressas

ateproblemsoferadmaltropoor

t.

i, t x

. i ,

foodsertysdeedaseoomaesstofood

alo t food prodo ad food avalablty.

challenges To provide food for all

Dr. Anita Modi

a t f st, 1996

tysesredeallpeopleatallmesave

pysaladeoomaesstoset,safead

trosfoodtomeetterdetaryeedsadfood

prefereesforaaveadealtylfestyle.2

i t , t

tt . T w f st,

1996 tt t 2015 t

teobjevesdlttobeaeved.

FoodadArltreOrazaoaselsted

treespeamsteoeptoffoodserty:-

. e prodo of adeqate food

.

According to world Food Summit, 1996 food security is ensured when all people at all times

have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary

needs and food preferences for an active and healthy lifestyle.

The proposed National Food Security Act will be an important step in achieving food security

and contouring hunger and malnutrition in the country


28/50


. Maxmzstabltyteoofspples.

. s t t

t t t.

p. m.s. st t

ompoets te term food serty. Te rst

t t

food prodo ad mports. Te seod s food

t t t

poer. Te trd ompoet s food absorpo

k t, t

yee, prmary ealt are ad edao. a

tt t t t tt

t

avea aessto set

ad tros food ras.

T t

t food serty. h l

t tt t

t.

Te rst odo

t

t t

foodras at aordable

. T t

t xtt,

aprodve,ompeveadsstaablearltre

t. T t t t tt . m k

more food, lad reforms, osoldao of small

lad olds, provso of stoal loas o

t tt t g

Revoloasbeelaedbyteovermet.

NFSM

i te naoal Food Serty Msso

(nFSM)Ast2007toreaseprodoad

prodvtyofeatad plsesoa sstaable

tt t . i tmsso, empass as lad o te dssemao

t t

praes.

KCC

T K ct c (Kcc)

t t k

t . it t t t tt

teredtotoarltrereasesbstaally

toRs6,85,146roredrtetetveyearpla

adesmatedredtsofteorderofRs.19,59,524

oredrteelevetveyearpla.itesame

t tofrralfrastrtresasrrao,atersed

developmet, eletrao, roads, markets

t xt

arltralotptadprodvty.

bt n yj k

stretefrastrtreofrralareas.naoal

at i s

1999 t tt t t t

atralalamessas

drot,ood,re.

at desrable dstrbo of

t

tt t

t.

a t

tt t

to esre te opmm

dstrbo of food ras

t tt

.

SUPPORT PRICES

T t t t

t (msp) t t t

majorfoodtemsadtoesreremeravepres

t . m t t

elpfl protete terest of farmers te

evetofoverprodo.Reetlyteovermet

asmoded teproedreofMSPto ldete

ost of rop srae ad ts esr beer

.

Pbl dstrbo system (PDS) s a major

tt t

t t t .

T t pds t t

k t t t

adesrterdstrboataordablepres

tt t t.

An important issue related to

food security is that poor personsshould have enough purchasing

power to have an access to sucient

and nutrions food grains.

Thus mere availability of food

grains does not ensure food security.

High lighng this important aspect of

food security


29/50


i 1997, PDS system as bee moded as

taretedpbldstrbosystem(TPDS)tomake

tmore fredly for poor perso. i ts moded

t Tpds, t

t t. i t

sameaymataaberstokoffoodrassamportatostetofteovermetfood

t tt t

t t.

i 2001, t k

t t t t

t t bpl . T

t r. 1000

t t k. at

a yj a yj

t t t t t

t t bpl .

TeproposednaoalFoodSertyAtll

tt t t

otoreradmaltroteotry.

T t t t t

pysaleoomadsoalrtofallzesto

aveaesstosafeadtrosfood,osstet

taadeqatedeteessarytoeleadaave

t t t.

pt j t t

t. p. at t tt t

i t t

ofpovertyadteabltyofalareseoofte

poplaotobyfoodortoestablsetlemet

qt t , k t

t t i

may a-poverty prorammes espeally meat

t t t t t

t t. T tt

Rral Developmet Proramme (iRDP), naoal

r et p (nrep) , T

r yt s et (Trysem), s

Jayagram Sarojar Yojaa (SgSY) reamed asnaoalRral Lvelood Msso (nRLM) 2009

et.employmetadtseeraoerada

t t t t t.

Maatmagad naoalRral Employmet

gt p (mnrega) t

t t t . T

t t t

esr te rt of employmetlte

mportae ofMnREgA s elmatepoverty

admaltro,Prof.M.S.Samataasrtly

sad, te sessfl mplemetao of nREgA

adtert to formaoatdates tattet -, t-

leslaotoelmateeraddeprvao.

T t tt t t

tsqaltave ompoet.Toesre food serty

qaltave terms,naoal ntroPoly as

laed 1993 tomake provso of tros

t , t t t

meae ofmaltro of amo ldre te

same ay as naoal Rral ealt Msso as

started2005toprovdeeessaryadaordable

ealtfalesrralareas.Aa,JaaSraksayj, tt t ,

Ksor Sak Yojaa,Md Day Meal Semes are

t t

t .

T t t

termssveryessealtoavearelableesmao

t t t. a t tk

commee abot 37.2 peret of te poplao

t t p

commssoesmataostatabot27.5peret

poplasterpofpoverty.worldBakasesmated tat abot 42 peret of poplao s

povertyrdde.ArjSegptaommeeesmated

77peretofpoplaobelopoverty le.Ts

ade varao a be see te esmaoof

poverty of otry. Te proposed naoal Food

st at t tt

t t t

t t.

it t t t tt i t

t t t .

Aord to Food ad Arltre Orazaot 230 t

, t 27 t tt

derorsedpoplaoofteoleorld.

(The author is Lecturer in Economics, S.B.R.M.

Govt. College, Nagaur, Rajasthan, e-mail :

[email protected])


30/50


food ad ArltreOrazao (FAO) asaoedtattoorafarmelps

prode tros food ad represets

t, t t

t. a t t 2% t

2005

2006 t us $24

t e u, t us, c

Asa. Bt te data o te prodvty of ora

verssoveoalfarmsotattepoteal t t

t .

Bt ora farm aot sbstte

oveoal farm systems to feed te orlds

ro poplao so e a take p ora

t tt tt

o jdos se of emal ferlzers

harmonize organic farming and food securiTy

Y.V. Singh and J.P.S. Dabas

t t x t 2050. c

pts,espeallyferlzers,oldelpsatly

boost food prodo otres of Asa ere

te sol sers from lo ferltyadeedsadded

tt.

Orafarmsaprodosystem

avods or larely exldes te se of syteally

ompodedferlzers,pesdes,rotrelators,

eeally moded orasms ad lvestok food

addves.Totemaxmmextetpossbleora

farmsystemrelyporoprotaos,seofrop

, , , ,

o farm ora astes, boferlzers, meaal

lvao, meral bear roks ad aspets of

boloal otroltomatasolprodvtyad

ltto t tt t t t,

t t.


31/50


Why India should promote Organicfarming?

O r g a n i c

methods can

increase farmp r o d u c t i v i t y ,

repair decades

of environmental

damage and

knit small farm

families into

more sustainable

d i s t r i b u t i o n

networks leading to improved food security if they

organize themselves in producon, cercaon

and markeng. During last few years an increasing

number of farmers have shown lack of interest

in farming and the peopleo sed to lvate

aremra tooter areas. Temost mportat

t t t t

fastropoplaos.Orafarmsoeay

topromoteeter self-seyor food serty.

f t t

eropvareestatoldeevelysemassve

ptsofemalferlzers,toxpesdes

t t . d t t seeteaer-eetssas severe evrometal

q, t,

solferlty,srfaeadrodaterotamao,

adlossofeedversty.

T k

s a ols prodo maaemet system tat

t -t t,

t, ,

boloal avty. May stdes ave so tat

t yelds ta oveoal metods. we a see

sat deree sol ealt dators s

as troemeralzaopoteal ad mrobal

t, t

. T t

t t

. T -

terated farm systems as te poteal to

t t .

Benets of organic farming:

1. it t t t t t t.

2. it t

t t

t.

3. it k t t t

t .

4. it t t t t

t t.

5. it t tt t

t-t t

t t t.

6. it t t

, t k

.

7. it t t

t, tt, t,

t tt t-

t .

8. it t t

tt tt,

tt t t t t

t.

Organic crop producon system

crsoforafarmsaytatplatsobta

t tt t ..

form; so t does ot maer f sols are maaed

oraallyorbyferlzers.Tssottre.ifat,

deso proesses te sol releases merals

t t

ferlzers. Bt oraally maaed sols plats

t, t ,

ad oter beeal ompods are ot

.

A) Nutrient management

i tt k t


32/50


teealtysoltatsroramaeradasall

t tt tt t t . w

metodsvz.reemar,addoofmares

adboferlzersettobldpsolferlty.Tese

orasoresotolyaddderettretsto

t t t t

soloramaertofeedsolmroorasms.Sol

toramaerresstssoleroso,olds

aterbeeradtsreqreslessrrao.

i t

tt t t t

t t t. w

t k t jt t h .

h t t t

t t. mt t

ferlzers e se are reyled by-prodts from

t t tt t t t.

f k t

t. b t

appledtoteelds,tseatedadaedforatleast

t t, t t

tt 130-140f t k t t

.

A mber of ora ferlzers/amedmets

ad bateral ad falboferlzers a besed

t

ter stablty torop.Deretavalableora

t :

1. Organic manures

c

(fym) t t.

lotretotet,soapplaoratesare

t t tt qt. h,

t i, t

avalabltyoforamares sotset for qt; t t t xt

aled eery prodo. greemar

t s, , t qt

eevetomproveteoramaerotetof

t t

t t -

. c t tt

iteraoal Federao of Ora Arltre

mt (ifoam) cx at

t t

tt k k t, , k t

t. t. T t

a spply esseal trets ad may be from

t, ,

deropysal,ezymaormrobalproesses

adtersedoesotresltaeptableeets

t t

.

2. Bacterial and fungal bioferlizers

cotrboofboloalxaooftroe

t t t (67.3%) tesoresofnxao.Follobateralad

falboferlzersabesedasaompoetof

orafarmderetrops.

2.1 Rhizobium:Teeeveessofsymbo

n2 x batera vz. Rzoba for leme rops

. Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Sinorhizobium,

Azorhizobium, Mesorhizobium etc

ell reozed. Tese batera fe lemes

ave a lobal dstrbo. Tese rzoba ave a

n2-x apabltypto 450 kn a1

t- t t t.c-

t t t

trodoofbateralstrastosol.

2.2 Azotobacter: n2 x free-lv batera

a x atmosper troe ereal rops

tt . s t

: Azotobacter sp. for deret ereal rops;

Acetobacter diazotrophicus Herbaspirillum .

, , . b

xtroe,teyalsoreaseermaoad t t

stad. Teya x15-20 k/a troe per year.

Azotobactersp.alsoasabltytoprodeafal

t t t.

Azotobacter t t t

t .


33/50


34/50


t t k

ofolaoteformofoaalalmats,more

prometlyseeteaeroo.

2.8 Azolla:Aoaaterfer Azollat

troe x BgA Anabaena azollae. Azollat 3.4% t ( t. )

oramaer sol. Ts boferlzer ssed for

relvao deret otres vz. Vetam,

c, T, p. T x

Azolla viz. A.caroliniana,A. niloca,A. mexicana,A.

liculoides,A. microphyllaA. pinnata.Azollat

asaoa,braedstem,deeplyblobedleaves

t t tt t t.

T tt t t. e

leafasadorsaladvetrallobe.Tedorsalesy

x t t . it

t tt t. Azolla

tt t i t

sot a lm fator ad lma odos are

t t. T

t t.Azolla

t nh4

t t t. f t

avesotatreyeldsreasedby0.5-2t/a

t Azolla applao.iidaadca,abot

20ad18% rease reyeld, respevelyas

t tAzolla,applao.

B) Weed management

i t

. s .

Deret ltral praes lke llae, ood,

t t . b,

(t) t t

t t . w t ,

t t

qt. w t drprraoeeverpossble,restrtste

dstrboofatertoteplatle.

C) Insect pest management

i t toapateadvae

ereadederetpestsllbepresetad

adjstteplasedlesadloaosasm

t t . h

tt t t t t

apoplaoofbeealsets,oselarvaefeed

oteesofpests.Tekeytobldapoplao

of beeal sets s to establs borders (ost

rops)arodeldsplatedtbledsofoer

plats tat te beeal sets parlarly lke.

Teperodallybeealsetsarereleaseto

teelds,ereteostropsserveasterome

baseadaratmorebeealsetsoverme.

w t t tk tt t

adledbybeealsets,easomemesse

atraloroteroraallyapprovedsedeslke

eempesdes. Tetomost mportat rtera

for alloed ora pesdes are lo toxty to

t t t

t. T t t t

naoalOraStadards.

D) Diseases management

pt j tt

redosropyeldadqaltyoraad

lo pt prodo systems. Proper ferlty

t t t

maro ad mrotrets ad adopo of rop

rotao ave so to mprove te resstae of

t t . T t t

t tt

tbeealorasms.Teseealtymrobes,

t k t t

tt k.

Limitaon and implicaons of Organic

farming in India

Tereareafelmtaostorafarm.o t t

t tt t x t

emalferlzersforaptsareprased.

Prodo ora fa

drrstfeyears,sotefarmersoldbeve

. T


35/50


36/50


asere, safe ad eet paymet adselemetsystemss amajorpre-reqste

fortestabltyofteaalsystem.Baks

t t tt t t

of eoom rot ad bot pre ad aal

stablty.Aesstosafe,easyadaordableredtad

oteraalservesbytepooradvlerable

, t t

reozedasapre-odoforaelerarot

financial inclusion in bihar- a sTep Towards

developmenT

Barna Maulick

ad red ome dspares. well foedaalsystemreateseqalopportes,eable

x t

terate beer to te eoomy ad otrbte

t t. f i

t qt

rot. i te ida otext, aal lso

s te provso of aordable aal serves

.e. aess to paymets ad remae fales,

Financial inclusion is one of the aspects of inclusive growth. The objective of financial inclusion

is to extend the scope of activities of the organized financial system to include within its ambit

people with lower incomes. It is the del ivery of credit and other financial services like savings,

credit, insurance and payments and remittance facilities at an affordable cost to the vast

sections of the disadvantaged and low income groups. This specific attempt may lift the poor

from one level to another which may help them to out of poverty.

f t g


37/50


38/50


Comparison of Socio-Economic Prole of Bihar and

India:

Indicators Bihar India

Poplao(mllos)(2011) 103.8 121.0

d gt rt(2011) 25.1 17.6

urbaPoplao(mllos)

(2011)

92.0 833.0

Rral Poplao ( mllos)

(2011)

11.7 377.1

PovertyRao(2004-05) 42.56 26

o lt rt (2011) 42.5 26.0

a l h

(2007-08)

0.75 1.57

itt dt

ix (2007-08)

91.31 100

h dt ix

(2011)

0.447 0.504

p t nnp (r) (2008-09) 13663 37490

Source:Census 2011 and Economic Survey 2007-08; Government

of Bihar

b t t tt t

16%oftsgDPaastteaoalaveraeof26%.

T r n-f e (rnfe) st

emer sore of addoal lvelood, se

arltralemploymetasreaedsatraolevels

t k . T bpl

are arltral laborers (46.5%), arsas (12%),

- (6.3%),

(26.4%) t (8.5%).nt b

t kt tt t t

tt rnfe t t . ot

mraos verysatpeomeoofBar.

Everyyear4.2mllopeoplearemratooter

tt t t . dt t

, b t

t tt t . T t

t tt, tt

t t t . T

stateastaketestrateyofeevetareof

t , t t

t (sc) t (sT)

t k t .

Present status of Banking in Bihar:

b tt t

t t k .

dt t t t t tt i, t k tk t t

. a t slbc (stt l k

commee)dataasoMar,2011,tereare4549

k b t 2747 (60%)

, 978 (21%) - 824 (18%)

. (dt t t )

Status of Branch Bank Network grouped by

populaon in the state as on March 31, 2011

Category of

Banks

Rural Semi-

urban

Urban Total

p stbk

1319 683 634 2636

pt st

bk

- 25 63 88

f bk - - 2 2

r r

bk

1291 183 63 1537

c-t

bk

137 87 62 286

Tt 2747 978 824 4549

Source : SLBC, Bihar

i t 94,000 q

kt, t k

35 q kt ( 1,000

sqareklometerrbaarea-terbaraosless

t 1 q kt ). Tt

t- t t t 6 kt

b. h, t

berelavelyerdestyofbraesearBlok

hqt - t. ot

teseloaos,tedstaebeteebakbraes

18 t 20 kt. T

dstrb for prodo etres be far aay

k . e t t

aalserves,tsslearlysetadte

tt t t

t t t 12,000 t t

leastoeaalserveaesspoteverytree

toforvllaes.Terefore,tsjsestesseof


39/50


k tt t tt

tesebraesareotstaedproperly.

i termsofpoplao esmates, te bra

poplaoperbakBarsapproxmately23,000

omparsototeaoalaveraeof15,000.Te

b k t

31,000 t

18,000 t . f k

alsososlopeetrao.37otof538bloks

t stt k-. at 700 t 800

t t 3,700 k- t

stt - . pt

k tt t

b. b t, b

Prmary Arltral credt Soees (PAcS) (8400)

adoterredtooperavesoees(250).

T q t t

ofaal serves aess Bar. hoever, t s

possbletatteostadvabltyosderaosmay

maketvabletosatlyexpadtepresee

t tt. bk tt

2126 k t t tt

3468 t m 2011. at

k k ct bk i (cbi) stt

bk i (sbi) t

t tt f y 2010-11,

cbi 849 t t tt 355 ,

sbi k tt 657 tt tt 628 m, 2011. T

t tt 7087 k (t tt 9213

deedvllaes)areyettobeovered.Bakseed

to tesfy ter eortsmay folds for sep

bakotletstevllaesalloedtotem.Te

tablebelososteproressofaallso

.

Penetraon of Micro Finance

m t t tt

tatteoveoalovermets-ra-poverty

t k t t,

t k t t

ofstrorralfrastrtre.Tssparlarlytre

Barereteseprorammeselpolyafrao

oftepoverty-strkepoplao.itssearo,

mroae s a potet alterave for poverty

allevao.Teaesstomelyadadeqateredt

adoteraalservesforteeakerseos

oftesoetyataaordableostsessealfor

t t t t.

Toseed,mroasoldombea

ovave redt delverymeasm tatesres

vableaalservesforteeedytareals

assessmet of te mro-eterprse opportes

testate.hoever,reaadeqateaareess

amo te poteal beeares s te rst

qt t . T

s h g (shg) t shg-bk lk

p, t k,

RRBs adooperave baks aveemered as te

majormroaeprorammeteotry.

Te Mroae State of Setor Report

2010 t k

mroaetrotodes:temroae

peetrao dex (MPi) ad te mroae

povertypeetraodex(MPPi).Teseprovdete

relave sare of te state mroae lets

aeradjsforszeofpoplao-tavaleof

1represeteaoalaveraeorpar . h

tesoresabove1,beerteperformae.Loer

t 1 t t

t t tt.

Ranking of selected states based on

MPI and MPPITop 5

State MPI State MPPI

a p 3.64 a p 6.35

T n 2.27 T n 2.77

o 2.00 K 2.49

Ktk 1.57 Ktk 1.74

wt b 1.48 wt b 1.65

Last 5

J & K 0.03 J & K 0.13

pj 0.07 b 0.14

b 0.2 pj 0.22

h 0.23 mp 0.27

gjt 0.26 up 0.32

Source: Micronance India, State of the Sector Report, 2010


40/50


Amo lo peetraos states, Bar, ad

Jamm ad Kasmr re der MPi ad MPPi.

u mppi, m p pj

t t t t. T x

omparaveperformaead,ee,eastate

makes absolteproress mroae, t oldsllloseotoraksoaotofomparave

beerperformaebyoters.

b t t t tt

shg-bk lk. a J 30, 2010,

mpressve mlave mber of 1,85,600 Shgs

ereredt-lkedtobaksadtetotalredto

t t shg r. 1003 . T

t k shg

t :

Micronancing in Bihar

Year No. of SHGs with

bank linkage

Amount of credit

(Rs. crore)

u t 2004 16246 52

2004-05 11769 37

2005-06 18206 31

2006-07 26417 83

2007-08 49738 241

2008-09 25696 211

2009-10 30241 295

2010-11 7287 53

Total 185600 1003Source: SLBC, Bihar

Comparave Analysis:

b tt tt r.

557 tt 1.40 k shg

t t r. 85 .

mj t shg-bk

lk p t t

ngo t shg

t tk. it xt tt, t

seszproramme,avestakebynABARD

ad oter mpleme baks sall reslt

reaafavorableevromettoardsteShgs

t t tt.

Strategies for Financial Inclusion:

l Te oordated promoo ad provso

of aal serves tro alterave

shg t-

orasaos,MFis,ooperavestrtresad

tro a rae of dversed prodts. Ts

reqresaelloordaoofdvdaleort

madebyalltestatelevelstostoardstepromooofmroae.

lnrtreadprovdeaalresorestote

bddloalMFidstrytoopeaalterave

t t t t .

e k t t t

t t tt mfi qt

t t

t qt.

la t t t

tarets of 100% aal lso, tro

tt t soldbedeveloped.Asaalfrastrtre

, t t k t

Stateovermetsoldvestreate

aal frastrtre reqred foraess to

aalservesbyoeadall.Tsoldbe

t t tt

ofbaks/aalstos expasoor

proporoto teaddoalleteleovered

t t. T k

teostofaessaordabletobottebakers

t t.

lAmajor trst Shg Promoo alot

ame-bodprorammeforBakLkaeof

k . T

t t tt

poexs overmet prorammes, BRLP

wdc, t tt t t

ofomeaspartofalo-lasmssoto

t t tk t .

lgt tk

t t tt

mroaeforestablsShgsoftepoor

admaralzedtroexpereedngOs/

ShPis toesre aalaess ad broade

t t t t. T stt t

take te aves tosmlate te eey

k, shpi t shg

toardsmroaealotteaal

t t shg


41/50


t ae lets der developed

.

lFormadrtrefederaosofaeveShgsas

stroommtystosbottofaltate

o of redt ad to provde oter aal

servessassavsadremaes.TeShgfederaosoldfaltatemroeterprse

promoo as te broader developmet

tt.

lit t t t

avalable mroae prodts to over te

raeoflfeyleaaleedsoftepoor.

a q tt t t

aal prodts ad proesses to meet

oteraalservessassrae,old

t qt

mroaelets.

ldt toal strtres to

tra bak sta as t mfi t

allo smoot o of redt vestmet

mroaesetor.Tsabealsospported

by ell desed aal prodts tat ll

eae te apaty ofmroae lets

adommes to resst tedevastao of

oodadoterdsasters.lEsre reater trasparey mroae

operaos ad let proteo tro

sta revaeredressmeasm for

mroaelets.

(The author is Research Scholar in Patna

University (Economics), Vising Faculty (as Lecturer)

in Economics Department, Magadh Mahila

College, Patna University, Research Associate in

Centre for Economic Policy & Public Finance, Asian

Development Research Instute, Patna, CEPPF is

a research centre of Finance Department, Govt. of

Bihar, e-mail : [email protected])

FORM IV

(See Rule)

1. PlaeofPblao : Del

2. pt : mt

3. pt n : s. K. g

eterzeofida? : Yes

( , tt t t )

Address : PblaosDvso

Mstryofiformao&Broadas,Sooa

b, cgo cx, n d 110 0034. p n : s.K.g

weterzeofida? : Yes

a : dt g,

PblaosDvso,Mstryofiformao&

Broadas,SooaBaa,cgO

cx , n d 110 003

5. et n : K K

eterzeofida? : Yes

( , tt t t )

a : Kkt (e), r n. 661, a w,

n b, n d 110 011

6. n : pt

o t n t s. K.g,

s t dt g ,

peretoftetotalcaptal. PblaosDvso,Mstryofi&B,govt.ofida,

s b, n d 110 003

i,K.gaesa,erebydelaretatteparlarsveabovearetretotebestofmykoledeadbelef.

-Sd/

(K.g)

p


42/50


43/50


tedstrtleveltroteosoldaooftese

pt mt t

Dstrt Pla commee to te dra dstrt

pla,sexpetedtobeerstratesebotloalad

more dera terveos to a omposte

tt t.

creao of apaty for eeve pla

t tt k--qt t

parpave pla. hee te BRgF otas

a spe ompoet for te apaty bld of

PaayaRajistosofRs.250roreperyear.

a k tt k t

, t,

t t

Paayat eleted represetaves as bee

stt t , tk

t .

T brgf

t tt t

p c at 2006 J,

2009. T tt t

t tt tk

daosstdyoftsbakardessadabasele

by els professoal pla spport,

to be folloed by a ell-oeved parpatory

dstrt developmet perspeve pla to address

t k t t et

FveYearPla.Splasoldteratemlple

prorammes tat are operao te dstrt

, t, k

troaombaoofresorestatotote

tt.

BRGF Development Grants

dtt p t

stt t tt t t tt t tt

tt k t,

tt, t, t, t,

tt, t. T kt k tk

p ldes ostrto of sool blds /

, t -t, k t

t, tt t, ,

Paayat blds, rrato taks/aels,

tt t, k , t, t

t , t.

BRGF Capacity Building GrantsTeBRgFasadoptedtenaoalcapablty

b fk (t ncbf)

streteofstoalarraemets,ld

te frastrtre asell as soare spport for

apaty bld of eleted represetaves, te

foares ad oter stakeolders of PRis ad

t t t

.

Drterretaalyear,dstrtplas

223 tt. ext

Jarkad, ere DPcs ave bee ostted

t t d, 2011, stt

brgf tt

t dpc t t tt

t t brgf t t

plas.BRgFfdsarebesedforralapll

t tt t

. a t, r.1830.13 t

dt gt ct b

2011-12, t r.110.25

beesaoedleaamotofRs.428.5rores

.

i 2009, t w bk t

depedet evalao of te BRgF proramme

16dstrts8States.Tekeydsofte

evalao ere tat to te fds alloated

brgf , tt

aremadebyte ommes projets tatare

oseadeetralsedparpatorymaer.Te

evalaoreportpotedottatteBRgFfds

areteslemostmportatsoreofdsreoary

t t pt. T t

t tt t

tobemoreeeve.

(PIB Feature)


44/50


abt n vt (bnv)

t

t t k

t t

tt t t t

reaed oseolds to aess beets der

t .

i t , t t t

oevty betee prorammes ad te

. T t, 31,000 t

erolledasBnVsderetstatesofteotry

t tt t k xt

t m t .

Why Bharat Nirman Volunteers?

T gt t stt gt

oered ave bee mpleme varos

t

may deades, oevermay evalao stdes

ave so te aps mplemetao of te

prorammes ae te delvery of beets to

t t bpl . T

plaedatderetlevelsarelmtedszeadte

adeqatemetoreaottotetaretedrral

k t t

melybtalsodeserv.

T, t t

fae at te last mle oevty t te rral

oseolds, t s evsaed to se te poteal

t t bt n vt

(bnv) t t t

t

forbeerplaadqaltymplemetaoof

t t tt.

Why should they work voluntarily?

Over a perod of me, te rral fabr as

sered de to fators l ke msroom of

, k t

ommes, lak of aareess abot sses

bharaT nirman volunTeers - agenTs of rural

awakening

oertem,dereeofteservedelvery

t, k t t

ofprorammemplemetaoadterefore, te

beets of deret overmet prorammes

t t .

Moreover, parpao of rral famles te

proessofplaadmplemetaoofvaros

t t

qt. T, t t

vllaerstemselves,parlarlyyotasfod

eessary to provdeopportes toparpate

- , t

t t

as possble. BnVs fod perepble ae

ter persoalty/atdes, tey eared self-

respet,reooad teevetof aev

t, t tt t

-t.

T t t t t

valesadmoraltyopledtteobjevesof

t t t t

as arated ter aeo to several of te


45/50


soal lls a ter ommes from aes

lke aloolsm to mrao to sool drop ots

t t ,

. T t t t

testosofteramsaba,rampaayat

ad te strmets of ommees for resolv

, . T t

toteextetofofroteetreedpoer

tt t t t t t

t .

Vllae aer vllae reported tat tey ad

t tt, ,

tk, t t

ad at mest tero ard eared moey

otrbted. Some of tem deed destte t

t t t pds

set.Tevolteersotrbtedtedet

t t t

t t

t . s

t t

to set p alterave sores

of eery for l p ter

k

t . s plaforsolarstreetl

k

ad l eve for ter

. l t t

beteevarosseoste

t t. T

bnv t t t tt

at te madal level to respod to te fllled

qt t t. s t

otteadmstraotodefyadofyplae

, t

t t t . at t

arereporeortstoeedotbeltsops(lqor

)

t . s t

tk t . m t 100 %

isl .

m t tt

tt . o t

k t

t t t

t t. i

. T kt t t

t t t t t

t t

j t . at t t

t t t k t bnv

t tk.

AllteBnVsareslledtvolteersm

t apard t tt

t

o ut , b K, t lidaFodaostartedbyAbdlKalam,teformer

Presdetofida,veteraavstjoralstsad

t t apard.

T t tt

t xt

tt t t t

aal spport or oorara

t.

o t t, t

t x

toveotrbos tovaros

q.

T tt

ommes are ot dormat

t

t . T

provedtatteyaatalzetelofllled

t t tt

t t t qt

a p. o t

APARDoedsteealtyorkrelaospstatemeredbeteeteeletedrepresetaves

bnv t t t

otsadofrotaos.Tejoreysofars

t k t

t bnv.

(PIB Feature)

Voluntary involvement

of villagers themselves,

parcularly youth was

found necessary to provide

opportunies to parcipate

in socio-economic change,for village development

whereby development of

their own households was

possible.


46/50


Tropal stares ave served as tradoal

t t

at mes of sortae of food. Te most

tt t (40-90%), (30-70 %) t (65-85 %). a

t, ( t) tt j t

j t . bt, t t

t t

derlzedbtoldbemprovedadexploted

to meet domes ad dstral demads. caa

t qt t.

T t t t t

t k Canna edulis

(c).

e k Qt t tt

versaleadrobststaryrootropoftetropal

adsbtropalzoes,avetoteAdeareo

st a. it t tt

adaberototrraoorferlzao

t

faltoro.itasosatpestsordseases.

T 20-40 t , t t

t k, t t

loerookmeadloeaqalesrestrt

tsdret osmpo.Reetly, tere asbeeaeappreaoofaarzomesasasoreof

qt t tt t

t t t t .

Canna rhizomes

T t tt

ad esy rea p to 60 m let ad

canna sTarch high QualiTy subsTiTuTe

for

commercial sTarches

Dr. Jayakumari.T.R.

t t t t. T

rzomes t ter ro ps at te stem ed

t t .

Tkadveosrootsaorterzomesrmly t t

arves.

Te rzomesarearvested4-8mots aer

pla.Teseesedaeralpartsofteplatare

toatsolleveladtetkrootstoksdot

sallybyad.Terzomes,aersrapote

t , t

forstarextrao.

Extracon of canna starch:

c t t 75-80% t,6-14% 1-3% t. it t,

. st xtt

Canna starch has low fiber content and is easily digestible. Hence, it can find a place in the

food and feed systems for the folk especially the infants, invalids , the elder ly and people with

digestive problems.


47/50


t q

:

() Terzomesareasedfreeofsolparles

adtebrosrootsareremovedbyad.

() T t

t.

() T t t

t t t

t t t t

brosssefromtestarmlkos

.

(v) Te separated bres may aa be rsed

ad ased a smlar ay for extrao

of rema star. Fally, te bres are

.

() o t t t, t t

qklyselesot,freetfrommpres

llemeadtmmmexpese.

(v) Tesedmetedstarsolletedbydea

t tt

() T t t

by srr lea ater to elmate ay

remampres,eameallome

forsel.

(v) Fally, te lea speratat s spoed o

adtesedmetedrmstarakesdred

t t t

t.

Properes of canna starch.

caa star s lear s olor t

a say or lste exteror. we ooked, t

tt. T t t

t (35.5-43.5). T t

seetteakedeyeadaretreemestesze

tt-t , t t t

t . T

t a dst lm, ad e, relar, form,

t .

caa star as very arave properes

smlartoorbeertateellkoarroroot

t t wt i t

t (Maranta arundinacea), k

poer ad parle rdty, t

tt t. t tableasasbstte

t. pt t

.

Uses of canna starch

caastarasloberotetadseasly

desble. hee, t a d a plae te food

t t k t t,

valds, te elderly ad people t desve

.

i vt, t t

t tt (

), x t j

te people aross Asa ad tradoally prepared

t x t

t xtt.

Teaastaralsodsseasatke

t ,t . st

poder srstmadetoaslrryta lleold

t t k t. it

sedtebakeresfortepreparaoofbsts

k. T t t

remarsperforaloerme.itaalsobesed

t.

Ototsaraveproperes,aastar

asaoodaeofdmarketsdstryad

t t

foodadlvestokfeederetseasydesblty

t. bt, t

sslleletedadderlzed,mayplae

te sore plats daer of oed ee

eroso ad lmate dsappearae. ireased

maal labor reqred for arves de to te

l roots, dlty teextrao of pre

star,lakofformaootsproperesadlak

ofmeazao arltral praes et. are

tefatorstatdertspoplarlvao.Oe

t , t

t tt t t t

sbstteorapossbleomplemetforassavaortt t.

(The author is Associate Professor and

HOD, PG Dept. and Research Centre of Botany,

H.H. The Maharajas Govt. College for Women,

Thiruvananthapuram -14, e-mail : jayakumari.tr@

gmail.com)


48/50


i t t , t t t tt Jk

tt t t

x t t t

t t t. e

t tt

t tt. T t t

r, J, c (K), sk,

Kt, g, sj, Jt. i

et s, 500 .

g t 250 t; dk,100 sj, 200. T t

st p t tt.

c, , t t

t t t

t t . c

t t t

t . T t

, tt

t. T

dying crows in bird flu-free india

t t . n t,t t t t t

tt tt k.

i t t , t dtt a

h dtt et

k tt t t

t t t

. et t

t , t t a

h dtt t t t

, t t t. nt t t t t t

k t t

ttt .

at t t t, t

t k , ,

, . a

, t

K p. s t. h t t

t t t dtt a h o

Amrendra Suman, Dhumka, Jharkhand


49/50


A Report from the Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI),

Bhopal, confirmed that crows in the state are dying of Avian

Influenza, informally known as Bird Flu.

d. c d p m

z h, att o t t t

, t t t . n t

t.

f r dt, d. a Kv, t tt t

t t t. ft,

t t t

t t tt t . w

t t t t, t t

t t, t t.

s, tt k t tt

rkt. it t t t

t t t t,

tremors,adttofteead.Peopox/

x t ,

t.

a t t, t

t i vt r ittt (ivri),

b, tt t tt

a i, k b

f. it t t t tt h5n1 ,

t , tt

t . T t t ivri

b b, t t t

n 2011.

T t t

t t tt.

l t t t t

. h, t a.K. mt,

c ft o (w), t

t t t t .

v m b g, r,

t. s

, k t tt t , t t

t. a t t, t

r z t t t t

.

T ct gt t

t t Jk t

t t t t t

tt i b . T

t d d 29,

2011. T, t t

t tk t

t t t. wt t

? i t t b t

tt t t t ? b

, t t t

t xtt t ,

t t , tt t t ,

t t .

w t t .

T t t

. o t t t

t, t

t. T t t

tt t x

.

et t t

t t Jk

d.

a t tk t

, t , t. s tk

t t k t. a tt

t t t tt t.

T , t

k t tt ttt t .

Tt jt i

-; t tt!

Charkha Features


50/50

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Licensed U (DN) 54/2009-11 to post without pre-paymentAt RMS, Delhi ISSN-0021-5660

kurukshetra mar 12

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