kyyeu_hoithao_20pt

7/24/2019 kyyeu_HOITHAO_20pt

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HI THO KHOA HC:O TO LIN THNG THEO HTHNG TN CH

1

MC LC

PHN 1: Nhng vn chung........................................................................... 3

1.

Mt s kin m bo cht lng o to lin thng theo hthng tn ch-ThS.Nguyn Caot .......................................................................................5

2.

o to lin thng theo hthng tn ch- Tim nng v nhng ro cn cnvt qua - TS. Tn Tht Dng......................................................................11

3.

Kinh nghim mt snc v nh hng o to lin thng Vit Nam -TS. Phm ThMinh Hnh ............................................................................22

4.

o to lin thng theo hthng tn chnc ta: Quan im, nhn thcv gii php pht trin - PGS.TS Phm Xun Hu.....................................29

5.

o to lin thng Cc trng cng nhn chng trnh ca nhau nhthno - PGS.TS Nguyn Kim Hng ...........................................................42

6.

o lin thng tcao ng ln i hc theo hthng tn ch- TS.NguynNgc Hng ....................................................................................................46

7.

o to lin thng theo h thng tn ch t gc nhn bn ngoi gingng i hc - ThS. Phm Vn Lun.........................................................54

8. H thng tch ly v chuyn i tn ch chu u v phng hng hinhp ca Vit Nam TS.Phm ThLy............................................................62

9.

Mt siu kin m bo cht lng o to lin thng trong h thnggio dc i hc Vit Nam - PGS.TS Lc Ngc.....................................68

10.

o theo hthng tn ch- Bi ton kh gii cho cc trng i hc v caong a phng - ThS.L ThHng Qu.................................................72

11.

o to lin thng l phng thc o to ngn nht, kinh t nht -PGS.TS Phng Rn.......................................................................................82

12.

o to lin thng trong vic phn lung hc sinh hin nay - ThS.NguynNgc Ti .........................................................................................................86

13.

Mt s vn trong o to lin thng ti cc trng i hc, cao nghin nay - ThS. Nguyn Ngc Ti.................................................................94

14.

o to theo hthng tn chv vn lin thng ca vn bng t ti cnghai nm ca quc tsang Vit Nam - V Minh Thi ..................................98

15.o to lin thng theo hthng tn chbc i hc Lch s, vai tr vvn dng cc phng php dy hc - TS.Trn Th Thn-TS.Nguyn Th

Hnh.............................................................................................................103

16.

o to lin thng theo tn ch - My vn cn t ra - ThS.H HngVn Nguyn Tr Thnh ............................................................................113


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BAN LIN LC CC TRNGI HC V CAONG VIT NAM

2

PHN 2: o to lin thng ti cc trng..................................................121

17.

o to lin thng theo hthng tn ch- Nguyn Vnh An.....................123

18.

o to lin thng ti trng i hc KHXH&NV-i hc Quc gia

Tp.HCM - TS.L Khc Cng....................................................................13019.Xy dng chng tnh o to lin thng ln i hc cho bc cao ng

ngh- PGS.TSVn Dng .....................................................................134

20.o to lin thng ti trng i hc dn lp Phng ng - TS.NguynTino-ThS.Hong ThMinh Hu.........................................................167

21.

o to theo h thng tn chm ra chi mi cho o to lin thng -TS.Nguyn Vn H......................................................................................172

22.

Kin nghv xut vic chuyn i o to lin thng theo hthng tnchtrng i hc H Tnh - Bi Vn Ht.............................................176

23.

o to lin thng bc i hc ngnh Y, Dc-Hng gii quyt nhu cunhn lc y tp ng nhu cu x hi - PGS.TS Lng Xun Hin........181

24.o to lin thng theo hthng tn chngnh Sphm mthut Gcnhn tthc tin - Nguynnh K...........................................................188

25.

o to lin thng ti Hc vin k thut qun s - GS.TSKH Phm ThLong..............................................................................................................195

26.

Nhng thch thc v gii php trong o to lin thng theo hthng tnch trng i hc S phm- i hc Hu - PGS.TS Bin Vn Minh-TS.Phm Quang Chinh...............................................................................200

27.

Nhng kh khn v thch thc trong o to lin thng theo hthng tnchti trng cao ng Sphmng Nai - L Quang Tn...................206

28.

o to lin thng Con ng vng t trnh dcao hn - NguynPhc Ti.....................................................................................................211

29.

o to lin thng Bc i cn trn tr vi cc trng i hc ngoicng lp - TS.Lu Thanh Tm-Trn Hng Hong...................................218

30.o to lin thng theo hthng tn chtrng cao ng Vn ha nghthut Thanh Ha - TS.L Vn To.............................................................221

31.

Mt snhn xt vthc trng o to lin thng v gii php thc hin

trng cao ng sphm - TS.Trn ThThn ..........................................225PHLC: Hot ng ca VUN .................................................................... 235

32.

Bo co hot ng ca VUN nhim k2006-2008 ....................................236

33.

Danh sch cc trng i hc, cao ng thnh vin VUN n nm 2008......................................................................................................................244

34.Danh sch cc trng i hc, cao ng thnh vin VUN gia nhp 2009......................................................................................................................257


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PHN 1


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MT S KIN VM BO CHT LNG

O TO LIN THNG THEO HTHNG TN CH

Nguyn Caot1

Trngi hc Cu Long

Hc ch tn ch c hnh thnh v m u ti Vin i hc (H)

Harvard, Hoa knm 1872. Mc ch ca n l qu trnh o to c tchc

sao cho ngi hc c th la chn cho mnh cch hc ph hp nht vi kh

nng hc vn v ti chnh ca mnh. Cso to phi thch ng ddng trc

nhu cu bin ng, a dng ca i sng x hi. Vi mc ch nhvy, hc chtn chc pht trin nhanh chng Mv lan rng sang chu u.

Vit Nam, trc nm 1975 cng trin khai o to theo hc chtn

ch. Sau 1975, vo nm 1980 ttng o to theo hthng tn chc hnh

thnh. Trng H Bch khoa Tp.HCM i tin phong trin khai t nm hc

1993-1994, sau l cc trng H Lt, Cn Th, Thy sn Nha Trang,

Khoa hc tnhin Tp.HCM V cho n nay, theo quy ch43/2007 BGio

dc v o to a ra ltrnh cc trng H Vit Nam trin khai o to

theo hthng tn ch.

Nhvy, i vi h thng o to theo h thng tn chqu l cn qu

mi cho cc trng H Vit Nam. Trong cc hi tho, c nhiu kin thun

nhng cng cn kin bn khon mt ny mt khc.

Vi hthng o to chnh quy gn nhy iu kin trin khai m

cn c nhng bn khon hay trngi khi trin khai o to theo hthng tn ch

th vic o to lin thng khng bit snh thno. Ni nhvy, khng c

ngha l dng li, khng trin khai, chng ta phi tm cch no thc hincho tt nht. Xut pht im ti Hoa K l p ng nhu cu ca ngi hc b

hn chvkhnng kinh tv c thl hc vn. Vy, vi nhng ngi hn ch

v thi gian v tui tc, sc khe, hc vn nh i tng ca loi hnh ny

chng ta o to c c khng?

1ThS, Quyn Hiu trng


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c kin vvn ny, xin c i qua cc mc sau y:

1. c im ca hthng tn ch:

Trit l cbn ca hthng tn chl tn trng ngi hc, coi ngi hcl trung tm, ni cch khc l hng n ngi hc. Ngi hc c chng

ra khoch hc tp cho ph hp vi khnng v iu kin ca mnh. Hnh

thc o to theo hc chtn chmang li hiu qukinh tcao, nn nhiu nc

trn th gii p dng hnh thc ny. C nhiu m hnh khc nhau, nhng h

thng ny c nhng c im cbn sau:

1.1.Ngi hc phi tch ly kin thc theo tng hc phn.

1.2.Mi hc phn cu to theo module, phn btheo mc thit kca nm

hc. Ngoi phn i cng chung cho mt chng trnh, cn cu to mn

hc tchn, chia nhnh su cho mi chuyn ngnh hp.

1.3.Quy nh khi kin thc cho mi vn bng, vi H h 04 nm khi

lng kin thc t120 n 140 tn ch(khng nht thit phi ti a).

1.4.Chng trnh o to mm do, ngi hc d dng iu chnh ngnh

nghkhi thy khng thch hp vi strng son.

1.5.nh gi thng xuyn, trong quy ch43 quy nh vnh gi theo quy

nh sau:

im nh gi bphn v kt thc hc phn chm theo thang im

10 (t0 n 10), lm trn n mt chsthp phn.

im hc phn l tng im ca tt c cc im nh gi b phn

nhn vi trng s, sau chuyn im thnh chv quy i ra im

s4,3,2,1,0.

Cn cvo im ca mi hc phn tnh im trung bnh hc kv

trung bnh chung tch ly theo cng thc sau:

A =

=

=

n

ii

n

iii

n

na

1

1

Trong A l im trung bnh hc khay TBC tch ly,


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ai l im ca hc phn thi,

nil stn chca hc phn thi,

n l tng shc phn.1.6.Dy hc ly ngi hc lm trung tm, v thphi i mi phng php

dy hc, ngi hc phi lm vic nhiu hn v trao i vi thy, bn

thng qua gi tho lun, trn mng hay thy b tr gi tr li trc tip

ngi hc.

1.7.Tchc o to v qun l o to rt khc bit vi cch tchc theo

quy ch25/2006, nh: ng k mn hc, gigic ca mt ngy hc, i

ngcvn hc tp, v lp tn ch

1.8.Tuyn sinh theo hc k, xt tt nghip 02 ln/01 nm; khng thi tt

nghip

1.9.Chc mt loi vn bng cho tt ccc loi hnh (chnh quy v khng

chnh quy).

2.

c im ca o to lin thng:

2.1.C hai hnh thc: tCln H v tTC ln H.

2.2.i tng l ngi ln tui, hc xong mt loi vn bng no , cng tc mt n vno .

2.3.Chng trnh o to lin thng theo nguyn tc k tha v tch hp,

mm do gim ti a thi gian hc li kin thc knng m ngi hc

tch ly cc trnh khc.

2.4.Chng trnh phi c xy dng trn cschng trnh khung v thit

kph hp vi cc iu kin m bo cht lng o to.

2.5.Ngun tuyn sinh a dng va bn v trnh , tui v kinh nghimnghnghip, mc ch v ng chc tp.

3. Mt sxut m bo cht lng:

Tlu nay, vic o to lin thng em n cho chng ta mt du n

kh xa v cht lng khi chng ta thc hin iu hnh theo cc quy ch c.

Trn thc t, cng cn c nhng n vo to cha ch n vic m bo


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cht lng. iu c thhin cc lnh vc vquan im, nhn thc cng

nh thc hin. Ngi hc khi tham gia hc cng nhn thc cha y v

phin din. V thu vn c hin tng hc gi bng tht?

Theo yu cu ca o to tn ch, vic qun l v thc ca ngi hc rt

cao; liu c thm bo cht lng khi vn hnh quy chny hay khng?

y trong khun khbi tham lun, xin nu mt vi kin gp phn

vo m bo cht lng o to lin thng theo hthng tn ch.

3.1. Vn xy dng v cu to chng trnh o to:

c chng trnh o to ph hp vi i tng ngi hc v phng

thc o to, cn nghin cu v xem xt nhu cu vic lm ca ngnh o to. V

th, cn coi trng nhng kin ca cc nh qun l doanh nghip. Mun vy, t

ho to chnh quy, nh trng cn nm c thc trng i ngcn bnhn

vin m doanh nghip c, cn o tao li trn cs chng trnh c

thit ksph hp vi nhu cu i hi ca doanh nghip v thit thc vi ngi

hc.

Chng trnh xy dng cn khai thc khnng chuyn mn, thc tca

ngi hc.

Chng trnh khng thin v l lun, dng l lun tm nhng chkhim khuyt xy ra trong thc tv em thc tvo ni dung ca bi ging.

3.2. Qun l o to:

Qun l ngi dy m bo ng gic phn btrn chng trnh. C

cn b theo di kim tra vic hc ca ngi hc st sao m bo thi gian ti

thiu dlp.

Qun l vic thc hin trao i nhm, tho lun. C thphn cng thm

ging vin cng tham gia nhng githo lun vi ging vin ng lp chnh cabmn.

Nn c suy ngh v vic trao i, tr li ca thy bng hnh thc qua

mng Internet. V thc t, cc thy t c iu kin gp sinh vin v ngc li

ngi hc v l do cng vic v a dkh c ththc hin vic trao i trc

din vi thy.


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3.3.nh gi:

Cn ci tin cch nh gi cho im, trng sca tng loi im.

Nn coi trng phn thc hnh, thc tdo vy phn tho lun, tiu lun...nn trng s0.5.

Phn kim tra l thuyt nn xy dng thi trc nghim v cho trng s

0,5.

Vn cht lng l vn sng cn ca mt m hnh o to, m

bo cht lng th cn xem xt mt m hnh tng thch.

Nu m bo cht lng th vic o to lin thng theo hthng tn ch

skhai thng cho mt phng thc o to tt. N c tc dng thc y thc sspht trin ca cc n v, cc doanh nghip. Trong cchthtrng, nu c

tc dng thit thc, cc doanh nghip su tv o to sc ngun v c mi

trng sch s dng v.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1.

GS. Lm Quang Thip, 1998, Mc tiu, ni dung, phng php dy hc i hc trong thi kmi.

2. BGio dc & o to, 2006, Ti liu gii thiu h thng tn ch, pht

trin chng trnh o to i hc & cao ng.

3. Quy ch43/2007 thng 08/2007 vo to theo hthng tn ch.

4. Quyt nh 06/2008/Q-BGDT, ngy 13/02/2008 vQuy nh o to

lin thng trnh cao ng, i hc.

5.

GS. Lm Quang Thip, 2009 hi tho Hu2009, Vic p dng hc chtnchtrn thgii v Vit Nam.

6. TS. Nguyn Tin Vn, 2009 hi tho Hu2009, o to theo tn ch, ti

sao?

7. TS.V Vn Thng, 09/2008, Thng tin khoa hc i hc An Giang, Vn

o to theo hc chtn ch.


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8. ThS. Hong ThTuyt, Lm thno a sinh vin quen li hc th

ng vo qu o dy t hc? Hi tho Nng cao cht lng o

to, Lt 2001.

9. TS. Nguyn Thin Tng, i mi ng thi phng php ging dy,

phng php hc tp & phng php nh gi trong o to theo hc ch

tn ch, Hi tho khoa hc VUN ln 2, Hi phng 09/2007.


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O TO LIN THNG THEO HTHNG TN CH

TIM NNG V NHNG RO CN CN VT QUA

Tn Tht Dng1

Trngi hc Sphm Hu

1.t vn

i mi v nng cao cht lng o to i hc (H) ang l mt yu

cu t ra cp thit nc ta hin nay. Trong bi cnh hi nhp v xu thton

cu ho ang ngy mt din ra nhanh chng, gio dc v o to phi to ra

nhng ng lc mi nhm o to mt i ngnhn lc p ng yu cu phttrin kinh tx hi, tham gia gii quyt nhng vn chung ca khu vc v th

gii. thi i hin nay, nhng pht hin mi, nhng thnh tu khoa hc k

thut ngy cng pht trin mt cch nhanh chng v c ng dng rng ri vo

trong i sng x hi. i vi gio dc bc H, nhng thng tin ny phi nhanh

chng cp nht v ging dy ph hp vi mi chuyn ngnh o to. Do vy,

chng trnh o to v phng thc tchc dy hc cng cn phi iu chnh

cho ph hp vi yu cu ca thc tin. Nhng m hnh o to theo kiu hn

lm, chng trnh o to "ng cng", phng thc o to thiu linh hot strc tip hoc gin tip lm hn chkhnng pht huy sc mnh ca cc n v

tham gia tchc o to. BGio Dc v o to (GD&T) khuyn ngh

cc trng H v cao ng (C) xc nh ltrnh chuyn i phng thc o

to, tphng thc o to nin chsang phng thc o to theo hc chtn

chv cng bQuyt nh 43/2007/BGD&T ban hnh Quy cho to i

hc v cao ng hchnh quy theo hthng tn ch. Bcng cho trin khai

th im chng trnh o to lin thng trong my nm qua v chnh thc

ban hnh Quyt nh s 06/2008/Q- BGD&T ngy 13 thng 02 nm 2008Quy nh o to lin thng trnh cao ng i hc. Nhng chtrng ny

tc ng n gio dc H v to ra nhng i thay nht nh. Tuy vy,

nhng phng thc o to mi pht huy c tim nng ca n cng cn phi

c thi gian v phi hn chnhng ro cn ny sinh trong qu trnh trin khai.

1TS, Trng phng o to


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Trong phm vi bi vit ny chng ti chnu my nhn xt vnhng tim nng

v nhng ro cn trong o to lin thng theo hthng tn ch(HTTC).

2.

Vnhng tim nng2.1. Tim nng ththng o to tn ch

iu ai cng ddng nhn ra l hthng o to tn chbao cha trong

n slinh hot, mm do v t quyn li ca ngi hc vo vtr u tin. Tt

nhin, khai thc ht u thny khng phi l vn n gin. Mun lm

c iu ny trong iu kin nc ta hin nay phi mt mt thi gian kh di

nu thc slm ng trit l ca o to tn ch. V phn u lm c iu

i hi chng ta phi nhn din ng nhng tim nng vn c ca n v

nhng iu kin tim nng y chuyn thnh hin thc. Trc tin, hthngo to tn chcho php ngi hc chn la chng trnh v thi gian hc. iu

ny i hi chng trnh o to ca cc trng phi c thit kchun v a

dng. Trong thc tin hin nay, vic trin khai xy dng v chuyn i chng

trnh o to sang hc chtn chnc ta vn cn nhng bt cp. Bt cp ngay

tslin thng trong chng trnh khung bt buc ca cc ngnh hc, nht l

cc mn mang tnh cht lin ngnh. Cc mn hc chung c slng tn chkhc

nhau, ni dung ging dy c nhng vnh nht nh, v do vy trong thc t

trin khai chng trnh c khi "lin" m khng "thng". H thng mn hc tchn cng phi c xy dng ht sc a dng v p ng c yu cu chuyn

i ngnh hc khi cn thit. Mun vy, cc Hi ng xy dng chng trnh o

to ca cc ngnh hc phi c khnng bao qut nhng vn mi v ang

t ra trong thc to to trong v ngoi nuc. Quan st thc tnc ta hin

nay c ththy rng chng trnh o to ca cc ngnh vn ang cung cp cho

ngi hc nhng tri thc c sn ca ngi thy m cha chun by kh

nng p ng yu cu ca ngi hc. Do vy, ngi hc thc cht chchn cc

mn hc c sn trong stn chquy nh hn hp ca mt chng trnh o to.Cch lm ny hn chtim nng ca HTTC vn drt linh hot v mm do.

Cng cn ni thm l h thng o to tn ch xy dng cc hc phn

thnh cc module v sinh vin c quyn chn la thi gian tch ly cc

module ny theo quy nh ca chng trnh. Trong iu kin ca cc trng

cng o to mt ngnh hc, nu c c sthothun v cng nhn vcc tn


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chc trong chng trnh chung gia cc trng th sinh vin sc iu kin

tch lutn chph hp vi nhu cu ca bn thn h. V trong iu kin ca cc

H vng, H a ngnh, vic cng nhn tn chgia cc trng stng khnng

la chn ca ngi hc v thc sto c slin thng trong tchc o to.

Trong thc tin, iu ny cng cha thc hin ng bcc trng H v C,

vn cn hin tng "ng bng" trong tng trng thnh vin lm hn chkh

nng linh hot ca HTTC. Quan st vic tchc o to tn chnc ngoi

chng ta ddng nhn ra vic cng nhn tn chgia cc trng trong mt quc

gia v gia cc trng cc quc gia. Tt nhin, lm c vic ny cc

trng cng nhn lin thng cc tn ch l cc trng c kim nh cht

lng. Chng ti nghrng, thc sto ra slin thng trong o to H v

sau H chng ta cn phi hc tp kinh nghim ca nhiu nc trn th giinhm nng cao cht lng o to v to iu kin sinh vin hi nhp c

vi cc nc.

Trong chng trnh o to theo HTTC vic thit ksinh vin hc mt

lc hai chng trnh hoc c ththay i ngnh hc khi cn thit m vn khng

hc li ton bchng trnh ca ngnh hc mi cng c t ra. y l mt

hng i ng n nhm gip cho nhng sinh vin c nng lc c c hi

vt xa hn cc bn cng kha hoc c thchuyn sang mt ngnh hc m c

hi kim vic lm dhn. iu ny thc sgp phn vo vic thc hin ch

trng o to theo nhu cu x hi ca BGD&T. Tuy nhin, trong o to

tn chnc ta hin nay vic thc hin iu ny cng c nhng kh khn nht

nh. Trong chng trnh o to, ngoi cc hc phn chung bt buc, cc hc

phn giao nhau gia cc ngnh hc khng nhiu v khng ng b, do vy, sinh

vin cng phi i din vi nhng kh khn khi chuyn i. Nu khng to ra

c slin thng trong qun l th cng kh to ra slin thng trong chuyn

i ngnh hc.

2.2. Tim nng ttiu chun nh gi cht lng gio dc

nng cao cht lng gio dc H p ng yu cu kinh tx hi ang

i thay nhanh chng, B GD&T xut nhiu bin php ci cch gio

dc. Mt trong nhng chtrng ln c thc hin trong thi gian qua l

trin khai nh gi cht lng gio dc ti cc trng Cv H. Hin nay


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c 20 trng tham gia nh gi v c nh gi ngoi. Cc trng khc

ang trong ltrnh trin khai v ang hon thin dn cc tiu chun trong Quy

nh v cht lng nh gi trng i hc ban hnh theo Quyt nh s

65/2007/Q- BGD&T ngy 01 thng 11 nm 2007 ca B trng B

GD&T. Trong s10 tiu chun theo quy nh c tiu chun 3 vchng trnh

gio duc, trong quy nh:

" 1. Chng trnh gio dc (CTGD) ca trng H c xy dng trn cs

chng trnh khung do B GD&T ban hnh. CTGD c xy dng vi s

tham gia ca cc ging vin, cn bqun l, i din ca cc tchc, hi ngh

nghip v cc nh tuyn dng lao ng theo quy nh.

2. CTGD c mc tiu r rng, cth, cu trc hp l, c thit kmt cchhthng, p ng yu cu vchun kin thc, knng ca o to trnh H

v p ng linh hot nhu cu nhn lc ca thtrng lao ng.

3. CTGD chnh quy v gio dc thng xuyn c thit ktheo quy nh,

m bo cht lng o to.

4. CTGD c nh kbsung, iu chnh da trn c s tham kho cc

chng trnh tin tin quc t, cc kin phn hi tcc nh tuyn dng lao

ng, ngi tt nghip, cc tchc gio dc v cc tchc khc nhm p ng

nhu cu ngun nhn lc pht trin kinh t- x hi ca a phng hoc cnc.

5. CTGD c thit k theo hng m bo lin thng vi cc trnh

o to v CTGD khc.

6. CTGD c nh knh gi v thc hin ci tin cht lng trn kt qu

nh gi."[ 3].

Nhng tiu chun trong quy nh ny l cn ccc trng tkim tra

mnh t yu cu cht lng nhthno, ng thi cng l csv ng lc

cc trng tng cng cc hnh thc lin thng, lm cho qu trnh t chco to thc slinh hot v hiu qu. Nu khng xem y l mt trong nhng

thc o cn thit vCTGD th khnng "ng cng" ca chng trnh vn c

thtip tc din ra trong thc t.


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2.3. Tim nng tquy nh o to lin thng

thc hin vic tchc o to C, H t cht lng tt, BGD&T

cho th im chng trnh o to lin thng trong mt strng H, C.Bcng ban hnh Quyt nh s49/2002/Q-BGD&T ngy 05 thng 12

nm 2002 "Quy nh tm thi vo to lin thng dy ngh, trung hc chuyn

nghip, cao ng v i hc". Sau my nm lm th im BGD&T chnh

thc ban hnh Quy nh o to lin thng trnh cao ng, i hc theo

Quyt nh s 06/2008/Q-BGD&T ngy 13 thng 02 nm 2008 to c s

php l cc trng trin khai o to theo phng thc ny. iu 2 ca Quy

nh nu r: "o to lin thng l qu trnh o to cho php sdng kt qu

hc tp c ca ngi hc hc tip trnh cao hn cng ngnh nghhoc khi chuyn sang ngnh o to, hnh thc gio dc v trnh o to

khc". iu 9 quy nh vchng trnh o to nhsau:

"1. Chng trnh o to lin thng (CTTLT) phi c xy dng theo

nhng nguyn tc sau:

a. CTTLT c thit ktheo nguyn tc mm do, pht trin theo hng

ktha v tch hp gim ti a thi gian hc li kin thc v knng

m ngi hc tch ly cc trnh khc;

b.

CTTLT phi phn nh ng mc tiu o to, yu cu hc tp, ni

dung phng php dy v hc, thi gian o to, khoch thc hin v

phng php nh gi theo trnh v theo ngnh o to tng ng;

c. CTTLT c xy dng da trn vic so snh gia CTT trnh C

cho nhng ngi c bng tt nghip trung cp v chng trnh o to

trnh H cho nhng ngi c bng tt nghip C hoc trung cp.

Vic xy dng CTTLT ni trn c thc hin theo nguyn tc b

nhng khi lng kin thc cn thiu v kin thc cp nht mi ph hp

vi thc tx hi;

d. CTTLT phi c xy dng trn c s chng trnh khung v c

thit kph hp vi cc iu kin m bo cht lng o to" [2].

Nhvy, c ththy chng trnh o to lin thng to cho ngi hc

nhng thun li cbn trong vic tch lukin thc v chuyn i ngnh o


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kh khn cho cc n vqun l khi xem xt cng nhn kt quca ngi hc.

Theo Quy nh 06/2008 ca BGD &T vo to lin thng th mt trong

nhng iu kin o to lin thng l " xy dng hon chnh chng trnh

o to lin thng". iu ny d dn n chng trnh o to s b "ng

cng" khi ph duyt v sinh vin gp nhiu trngi khi cng nhn cc hc phn

tch ly trc . Trong thc ttrin khai o to, cc trng hu nhcn c

vo chng trnh c ph duyt xt iu kin cho sinh vin tt nghip.

l cha ni cc bc hc ny trong bi cnh hin nay tn ti nhiu phng

thc o to khc nhau vi nhiu chng trnh o to c rt nhiu khc bit t

cc ngnh hc. B cng to iu kin cho cc trng c thm quyn cng

nhn kt quhc tp. iu 11 quy nh: " Cn cquy trnh o to ca mi

trng, ngi hc c thc cng nhn kt quhc tp theo tn ch, hc phn,chng trnh mn hc v kt qu ton kho hc c min tr khi hc

chng trnh o to lin thng"[2]. iu ny em li stchtrong tchc

o to nhng nu khng c nhng hnh thc qun l thch hp sddn n s

ty tin. Nn chng khi trin khai o to theo hc chtn chth vic cng

nhn kt quphi cn cvo khung tn chquy nh cho mi ngnh hc (bao

gm ctn chbt buc v tchn) xc nh chun u ra ca mt ngnh hc

v cng nhn cc tn ch hc c trong chng trnh o to bc hc. Vic ny

khng to ra nhng kh khn cho ngi hc v B ch trng s dngchng trnh o to hchnh quy p dng cho hva lm va hc. i vi

vic lin thng theo hthng ngang th sinh vin c quyn chn hc hc phn c

trong chng trnh o to ca ngnh hc thuc cc trng khc nhau min l

cc trng ny cng nhn tn chca nhau. Nu c c slin thng ca cc

trng c cht lng o to tt th sinh vin sc hng li nhiu hn. Cn

to ra khnng hp tc v phi hp trong tchc o to v qun l cht lng

o to.

3.2.

Ro cn tqun l o to v qun l ti chnh

nc ta, vic tchc o to theo hnh thc nin ch tn ti qu lu,

trthnh thi quen v n su vo nhn thc ca nhiu ngi. vn hnh theo

mt phng thc mi i hi phi c thi gian thch nghi v phi c nhng h

tr v cc yu t khc. Mc d mi chuyn sang o to theo HTTC nhng


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18

nhiu cn bv ging vin nhn ra u thca phng thc ny v t nhiu

hiu c trit l ca n. Tuy vy, nu khng gii quyt tt vmt nhn thc,

khng tp hun kvtchc ging dy v qun l o to, th thi quen cd

dn chng ta trvvi phng thc cv nu c thay i cng sdn n hin

tng na vi. Nhiu ngi sda vo quan nim "cch lm Vit Nam" lm

bin dng phng thc o to. Chng ti nghrng mt phng thc o to

linh hot, mm do th i hi mt phng php qun l o to nng ng v

c khnng xl kp thi mi tnh hung. Vn ny trong thc tkhng d

thc hin nc ta v nhiu l do. C mt phn do phng thc o to mi i

hi phi c shtrca cc thit bhin i m trong thc tkinh ph eo hp

ca mi trng trong mt thi gian ngn khng thp ng c nn phi dng

sc lc ca i ngqun l lm cho hngi thay i. Mt phn khc lin quann khnng nm bt cc vn trong qun l theo phng thc mi trong iu

kin chng ta cha c o to mt cch bi bn m chyu l nhng kinh

nghim c truyn cho nhau mt cch ngu hng. V khng thkhng ni n

thu nhp ca cc thnh vin trong trng. o to tn chi hi slinh hot.

o to lin thng trong HTTC cng cn s linh hot. Cng sc b ra nhiu

cng i hi phi c th lao xng ng i vi bn bv ging vin. Nhng

hot ng ca hnhm p ng mt yu cu l m bo cht lng o to v

khng ngng nng cao n theo tiu chun chung ca cc nc tin tin. Cnnghin cu c cc gii php thch ng nhm ph b nhng ro cn trong

qun l o to th mi hy vng "lin" v "thng".

Vqun l ti chnh khng phi khng c nhng vn cn quan tm.

i vi cc trng sphm vn cng c nhiu im phi nhn li. Kinh ph

o to ca cc trng da vo sngn sch c cp kh khim tn v mt

phn da vo cc chtiu o to khng chnh quy hoc ngoi ngn sch. Cc

trng phi c gng ht mnh mi sc p ng yu cu ti thiu cho hot

ng dy v hc. i vi cc trng sphm c nhng kh khn ring. Sinh

vin sphm c min hc ph, do vy trng chc cp b sphm. Kinh

ph ny cnh trong khi vt gi th bin ng khng ngng. V thl khi trin

khai o to tn chsinh vin c bao cp hon ton. iu ny dn n nhng

kh khn nht nh khi tchc o to. Vi hnh thc o to lin thng theo

HTTC cc trng sphm c c thu hc ph ca ngi hc theo hc hchnh


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quy khng? i vi hva lm va hc tchc o to ti cc n vlin kt

khi sinh vin c cng nhn min hc cc hc phn c trong chng trnh lin

thng th kinh ph c c gim i khng? Nu slng gim i qu nhiu th

khng kinh ph tchc o to. Rt nhiu kh khn t ra v khng kho

bin php dnht l bt ngi hc hc ht chng trnh quy nh c duyt

khi nh hng n thu nhp ca n vtchc o to. V iu ny cng

rt ddn n hin tng "lin" m khng "thng". Sinh vin cng dcm thy

mt mi khi phi thc hin qu nhiu thtc xin min hc cc hc phn theo

quy nh chung. l cha ni cn c cc chnh sch ng btrong qun l o

to v qun l ti chnh. Trn thc tchng ta vn thy t nhiu c vnh gia

hai lnh vc ny. o to i hi phi tchc mm do linh hot trong khi qun

l ti chnh c nhng rng buc ring ca n. Cn tng thm quyn chngcho cc trng hthc sc khnng gii quyt nhng vn lin quan n

tchc o to lin thng theo hc chtn ch.

3.3. Ro cn vscnh tranh khng lnh mnh

Trong bi cnh cc trng H v Cpht trin nhanh nhhin nay vic

trin khai o to lin thng ang din ra mt scnh tranh quyt lit. Thc t

ny dng nhai cng thy r. Chcn nhn qua bo vit cng nhbo mng

chng ta cng thy khng bit bao nhiu trng qung co vo to linthng. Tt nhin l c nhiu trng chang o to theo hnh thc nin chch

cha thc hin hc chtn ch. C nhiu trng c bdy lu nm. C trng

chmi ra i mt vi nm min l h mc m ngnh theo quy nh ca

B. Trong cuc cnh tranh ny nu trng no cng coi trng cht lng o

to th tht ng mng. Ngi hc s c hng li t s cnh tranh cht

lng v hc ph. Nhng c nhiu s cnh tranh da trn nhu cu ddi ca

ngi hc, chcn hc d, thi dv hc ph r. Min sao ch c tm bng

kim sng i. V thl cch thc tchc dy v hc ht sc a dng. Rttic l chng ta t khi kim nh cht lng o to u ra m ch cn ch

trng rng buc u vo. Trong bi cnh lin thng thc hin cho cc bc hc

th nhng hc sinh cc trng trung cp chuyn nghip v cc trng C c

iu kin thc hin c mhc H ca mnh. Cng trong bi cnh cc

trng li thy y l c hi tng thu nhp t hot ng o to. C hai


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4. B Gio dc v o to,Quyt nh s 25/2006/Q-BGD&T ngy

26.06.2006 Ban hnh Quy cho to i hc v cao ng hchnh quy.

5.

B Gio dc v o to, Quyt nh s 36/2007/Q-BGD&T ngy28.06.2007 Ban hnh Quy cho to i hc v cao ng hnh thc va

lm va hc.


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KINH NGHIM MT SNC

V NH HNG O TO LIN THNG VIT NAM

Phm ThMinh Hnh1

Trng Cao ng Cng ng Bnh Thun

pht huy sc mnh tng hp ca h thng gio dc Vit Nam trong

thi khi nhp, khng nh sln mnh ca chthng so vi hthng gio

dc ca cc nc trong khu vc v trn thgii, cc cso to ngun nhn

lc trong nc cn c sphi hp cht chvmi mt nhm o to c i

ngnhn lc trnh cao hiu quv cht lng, c thp ng c nhu cuca thtrng lao ng trong v ngoi nc.

Mt trong nhng vn cn sphi hp gia cc csgio dc nhm

nng cao trnh ca ngun nhn lc Vit Nam l o to lin thng, c

bit l trong giai on o to nhn lc ang chuyn dn sang o to theo h

thng tn ch, o to lin thng vn cn gp nhiu thc trng nan gii v rt cn

sthng nht chung trn ton lnh thcho cc cso to nhn lc.

1.

o to lin thng: vai tr ca n trong s pht trin cagio dc Vit Nam v mt sthc trng.

Trong bi Gii thiu phng thc o to lin thng mt snc v

nhng vn dng Vit Nam trnh by ti hi tho o to lin thng trong

cc trng Trung cp chuyn nghip, Cao ng, i hc Vit Nam: Thc trng

v bi hc kinh nghim ca Vin Nghin cu Gio dc, Trng i hc S

phm TPHCM tchc vo thng 12/2008, chng ti cp n khi nim,

vai tr v mt s thc trng ca hot ng o to lin thng di gc so

snh tng qut vi hthng gio dc mt snc [1].Ngoi nhng vn nu, vi nh hng chung vhc chtn chcho

cc csgio dc i hc (H) Vit Nam trong tng lai, hot ng o to

lin thng cn nhng vn rt ng quan tm, nht l i vi cc cso to

thuc khi gio dc chuyn nghip: t chc o to theo hc ch tn chhin

1TS, Trng phng NCKH&HTQT


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nay chbt buc i vi cc csgio dc H, cc trng trung cp chuyn

nghip (TCCN), dy ngh(DN) mun thc hin lin thng ln cao ng (C),

H vn b xem l phng thc o to lc hu, o to theo hc phn - l

phng thc o to tn ti trong sut lch sgio dc H Vit Nam. Chnh

v iu ny l ro cn cng khin cho qui m o to lin thng chpht trin

theo hng tng qui m trong phm vi tng trng: cc trng H mthm h

C, cc trng C m thm h TCCN lin thng cho bc C, H ca

trng mnh.

Hin nay, bc o to cao hc, hot ng ny din ra kh thun li v rt

nhiu trng dch tiu tuyn sinh, nn i vi cc ngnh hc gn vi ngnh

tuyn sinh (thm ch c nhng ngnh thuc hai lnh vc hon ton khc xa nhaunhKthut v Qun trkinh doanh) u c thit kcho cc hc vin mun

dthi theo hc mt chng trnh chuyn i tng thch trc khi thi v do

hvn c nhiu chi c thhc nng cao trnh .

V sao lin thng ngang v lin thng dc ln C, H trong h thng

gio dc Vit Nam li khng thc hin ddng nhcon ng ny?

2.

Kinh nghim o to lin thng mt snc trn thgii

i vi cc quc gia c hthng gio dc lu i, vic chuyn i sang

o to theo hthng tn chnhm mc ch thu ht sinh vin trn ton thgii

n t nc ca h, iu ny mang li nhiu li ch cho quc gia bi vic

truyn b ngn ngchnh thng, trao i vn ha v nhng li ch kinh tkm

theo. Chnh v th, khi thit kni dung chng trnh theo hthng tn ch, cc

csgio dc H ny lun ch trng n stng thch vi cc hthng gio

dc ca nhiu nc, c bit l nhng nc km pht trin hn bi l ngun

tuyn sinh lu di, chc chn v t cnh tranh.

Do , ngay cmt snc c hthng gio dc ni ting phc tp, lu

i v ht sc hiu quvn chuyn sang hc ch tn chv h thng gio dc

mi, n gin hn c thit lp ph hp vi phng thc o to ny.

m bo hot ng lin thng gia cc quc gia ddng thc hin, ni

dung chng trnh thit ktheo hc chny ht sc linh hot c p dng cho

bt csinh vin tt nghip bt kngnh nghno, cso to no, kc


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trong v ngoi nc u c chi tip tc hc nng cao trnh , nht l i

vi cc csgio dc ngoi cng lp.

Vi chtrng chung , n vqun l nh nc vgio dc cp qucgia c thcan thip vo cc hot ng cbn nht ca cc csgio dc H

nhm m bo sthng nht chung trn ton lnh thvo to lin thng gia

cc csgio dc trong nc v gia cc quc gia, v th, nhng sng kin cho

spht trin cc nh hng c u tin la chn.

hot ng lin thng ngang din ra thun li trong trng cng nh

ngoi trng, cc csgio dc d ngang cp hay khng vn lun tn trng qu

trnh o to ca nhau, do nhng tn chno sinh vin hc qua mt cs

gio dc khc c bc o to thp hn trong nc cng nh ngoi nc uc cng nhn.

Ni dung chng trnh o to hnh thnh thng hiu ca mi csgio

dc c tham gia vo qu trnh o to nhn lc vn vn l vn then cht trong

o to lin thng. Do hot ng ny c din ra thun li nhiu nc l

nhgii quyt tt vn ny.

Ngoi ra, cc nc tchc thnh cng hot ng o to lin thng l

nhng nc ht sc quan tm n hot ng ca sinh vin sau khi tt nghip, do

, khi bt u d tnh tuyn sinh mt ngnh hc bt k, h lun dbo mt

cch tng i thng tin vmong mun ca sinh vin sau khi ra trng, v v

th, hot ng o to lin thng c thit lp ngay khi tuyn sinh cho bt

cmt ngnh hc no.

3.

Nhng nh hng vo to lin thng c thvn dng choVit Nam

o to lin thng l mt hot ng thc stn ti trong hthng gio

dc Vit Nam t lu di nhiu hnh thc: ti chc, chuyn tu, va hc valm v mang li hiu qucao trong vic nng cao trnh cho i ngnhn

lc, nhng hot ng ny chmi c BGio dc v o to (GD&T) tiu

chun ha vi qui m cnc trong u thk21 cng vi nh hng chuyn

i sang hc ch tn chca cc csgio dc H trong tng lai gn. iu

ny i hi hthng gio dc Vit Nam cn c nh hng chung cho hot ng


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ny trn ton lnh th, khi h thng gio dc Vit Nam mi c th thc s

o to nhn lc p ng cho nhu cu pht trin kinh tx hi Vit Nam v cc

nc trn thgii.

thc hin c iu ny, Vit Nam cn lu nhng vn sau:

- Cc csgio dc H cn nhn thc r vic mrng qui m o to

vi ngun tuyn sinh n nh, lu di vi nhiu i tng vn l hot ng c

bn, v th, vic thit kni dung chng trnh cn linh hot cho tng i tng

tham gia d thi: hc sinh trung hc ph thng, TCCN, C khc chuyn

ngnh, cng chuyn ngnh, v gn chuyn ngnh

Khi o to theo hc chtn ch, cc sinh vin tham gia hc tp sc s

lng tn chtch ly khc nhau tutheo i tng dthi.

- c sthng nht chung trong cnc v nhm thu ht hc sinh cc

nc trong khu vc, BGD&T cn yu cu cc ssgio dc H khi chuyn

sang t chc o to theo hc ch tn ch cn thit k chng trnh hc theo

modun tn ch thc s. Bi v mc d hin nay Vit Nam c nhiu c s

gio dc H chuyn sang tchc o to theo hc chtn ch, nhng trn thc

t chl hnh thc tchc o to theo hc chny chkhng phi thit k

ni dung theo hc chny. Do , vic tng thch chng trnh khi thc hin

o to lin thng vi qui m rng, yu tny vn vn l l do cbn nht.

- Khi Vit Nam cha t chc phi hp ng bhot ng o to lin

thng gia cc csgio dc vi qui m cnc, dn dn thc hin c

yu cu ny, qun l o to lin thng cn c qun trit t gc: ngay khi

ng k mm ngnh, BGD&T cn yu cu cc csgio dc c tham gia

o to nu r l trnh lin thng c khi d tuyn v sau khi tt nghip cho

ngnh hc ang mny.

- Cn c sphi hp gia trung ng v a phng, gia cc bngnhtrong vic xy dng ni dung, chng trnh o to, m bo tt ccc trng

cng ngnh, gn ngnh ngho to u c thlin thng v li ch chung cho

ngi hc v cho spht trin trong tng lai ca t nc.

=====


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[1] Khi nim:o to lin thng (TLT) l mt trong nhng phng

thc gip cho ngi hc c chi thc hin vic hc tp lin tc, hc tp sut

i cho nhiu i tng, tng lp trong x hi, nht l nhng hc vin gp nhiu

trngi trn con ng hc vn.

i vi cc quc gia c quan tm n ngun nhn lc c cht lng nhm

phc vcho pht trin kinh tx hi ca t nc, ltrnh TLT c thhin

y trong h thng gio dc quc dn v c s thng nht vmi mt cho

hot ng ny trn ton lnh th. Vit Nam, tnm 2002 TLT bt u thc

hin th im, ngy cng pht trin v l phng thc o to rt c quan tm

cc csgio dc i hc v nghnghip trong giai on hin nay.

Vai tr ca o to lin thng trong spht trin ca gio dc Vit NamSo vi cc nc trong khu vc v trn thgii, Vit Nam c mt nn gio

dc kh non tr, sut mt thi gian di chyu l xy dng nn tng cho ngnh

gio dc nc nh, chmi n nh v pht trin cho n nay khong gn hai

thp k. Tuy vy, gio dc Vit Nam cng thhin c vai tr ca mnh trong

vic thc hin cc chc nng gio dc trn ton lnh thVit Nam: nng cao

dn tr, o to nhn lc, bi dng nhn ti v gio dc ttng chnh tr.

gio dc Vit Nam c th p ng vi s pht trin kinh t x hi

trong thi khi nhp kinh tquc tca nc nh, ng thi khng nh c

sln mnh vmi mt ca ngnh gio dc, nht l ngun nhn lc Vit Nam

c o to trong mt hthng gio dc ngy cng pht trin: vmng li

trng lp, cc loi hnh, phng thc o to mt trong nhng phng thc

quan trng cn thit l TLT.

Trong giai on cn c i ngnhn lc m bo cht lng v slng

cho ton x hi, TLT thhin r nht cc vai tr sau:

-

To iu kin cho mi ngi trong x hi c chi hc tp sut i; hctp lin tc nhm nng cao trnh phc vtt nht cho hot ng ca mi c

nhn tng vtr ca mnh trong cc lnh vc, p ng c yu cu pht trin

kinh tx hi ca t nc.


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- Khai thc c tri thc ca i ngnhn lc trnh cao tham gia vo

o to nhn lc bsung nhn lc c cht lng phc vpht trin kinh tx

hi hiu qucho tng vng v cnc.

- Mrng cc ltrnh o to cho hthng gio dc Vit Nam, c bit l

mi lin h, hp tc v s thng nht gia ngnh gio dc v cc ngnh ngh

khc trong o to nhn lc cho nc nh.

- Hon thin chng trnh khung thng nht trn ton lnh th, to nim tin

tuyt i cho mi cng dn trong x hi c c mhc tp cho d gp phi bt

ctrngi no trn con ng hc vn.

- Khng nh c s ln mnh v hiu qu ca H thng gio dc Vit

Nam trong o to nhn lc phc vcho t nc trong thi khi nhp.

Vi cc vai tr , TLT cn c s quan tm ng mc ca nhiu

thnh phn trong x hi: Cc nh hoch nh chnh sch, nh lnh o, nh

nghin cu, cc csgio dc c lin quan n hot ng ny.

o to lin thng Vit Nam hin nay:

BGD&T c Quyt nh s49/2002/Q-BGD&T ngy 05 thng

12 nm 2002 v Quyt nh s 06 /2008/Q-BGDT ngy 13 thng 02 nm

2008 ca Btrng BGD&T thay thQuyt nh 49 vTLT, ng thi cho php hn su mi trng C, H c thc hin hot ng ny trn tng

scc csgio dc H ton quc, kclin thng ngang gia cc ngnh v

lin thng dc thTCCN ln hC, thCln hH v thTCCN ln

hH. y l nhng chi cho cc hc sinh, sinh vin mun hc ln cc h

tip theo v cng l nhu cu rt ln ca ton x hi cho nhiu ngi lao ng

mun hc tp nng cao trnh . Tuy c hn 6 nm hot ng, TLT vn cn

thhin bt cp vnhiu mt, r nt nht l:

- Quy m ca hot ng TLT:

Cc hot ng TLT chyu chdin ra bn trong tng csgio dc,

cha c quy m trn ton lnh th: cc trng H tuyn sinh thm h C,

TCCN c thtchc lin thng ln H ca trng mnh, cc trng Cm

thm hTC lin thng ln bc Cca trng mnh, lin thng ngang gia

ngnh ny v ngnh khc cng ch din ra trong ni b ca tng c s gio


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dc Lin thng gia cc trng thc hin c l nhcc mi quan hring

t, xin cho gia hai trng c ngnh ngh tng thch nhng cng ch thc

hin ddng i vi lin thng thTCCN ln C, lin thng tTCCN v C

ln H gia hai trng l hot ng din ra ht sc kh khn v l ni tht vng

ca nhiu cn blnh o, qun l v hc sinh sinh vin ca cc trng TCCN

v C.

- Vni dung, chng trnh TLT:

Theo Lut Gio dc, chng trnh khung ca bc hc TCCN, Cdo B

GD&T ban hnh, trn cs, hiu trng cc trng thit kchng trnh

chi tit cho trng mnh. Khi thc hin TLT gia cc cso to, chng

trnh khng tng thch l mt trong nhng l do tchi ddng cc i tngtuyn sinh ca cc trng khc c cng ngnh ngho to mun thc hin lin

thng, c bit l lin thng ln H.

- Quan hphi hp gia cc bngnh:

Chng trnh khung l iu kin ti thiu m bo sthng nht cp quc

gia cho cc hot ng o to nhn lc nhng cho n nay cc bngnh khc

ngoi BGD&T vn cha c chng trnh khung thng nht cho cc ngnh:

c kh, in, tin hc ng dng do kh c th thc hin TLT cho cc

trng c o to nhng ngnh ny

Ngoi nhng vn cbn c nu ra, TLT vn cn rt nhiu vn

cn phi tranh lun, vn rt cn c nhng cch, chnh sch hp l mi c

thgip cho hot ng ny mang li hiu qu.


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O TO LIN THNG

THEO HTHNG TN CHNC TA

QUAN IM, NHN THC V GII PHP PHT TRIN

Phm Xun Hu1

TrngH Sphm Tp. HCh Minh

Nc ta ang trong thi kpht trin kinh tthtrng theo nh hng

x hi chngha, hi nhp khu vc v quc t. Trong iu kin xut pht im

ca nn kinh tcn thp, csvt cht, phng tin kthut hn chcha th

p ng cho nhu cu o to ngun nhn lc cho cc ngnh kinh tv x hi.Nhng, khi bc vo sn chi khu vc v thgii (gia nhp Tchc thung

mi thgii-WTO), chng ta cn phi c nhng bc i ph hp to dng

c vtr vng chc trong sn chi .

Tnhn thc ny, ng v Chnh ph a ra nhiu nghquyt, chth

v gii php pht trin cc lnh vc, c bit ch n vic o to ngun nhn

lc v bi dng nhn ti phc vcho snghip cng nghip ha, hin i ha

t nc. Tuy nhin, trong nhng nm qua vic o to ngun nhn lc cn

nhiu bt cp, cha p ng nhu cu x hi cvs lng v cht lng.

tho g nhng bt cp ny, BGio dc v o to (GD&T), cc i hc

(H) Quc gia, cc trng H, Cao ng (C), Trung hc chuyn nghip

(THCN), Dy ngh(DN) tm cc gii php, thc hin a dng ha cc loi

hnh o to, i mi chng trnh, ni dung v phng php dy hc nhm

nng cao cht lng, trnh ngun nhn lc. Hnh thc o to lin thng

(Cng nhn kthut ln TC, TC ln C, Cln H, lin thng gia cc ngnh

mt strng khc nhau) gii quyt c mt phn nhu cu ca ngi

hc khi cha c iu kin hc bc cao (H), gim bt kh khn trong tuyn

dng ngun nhn lc trnh cao cho cssn xut kinh doanh v cc tchc

qun l hnh chnh, kinh t- x hi trong thi kmi.

1PGS.TS, Vin trng Vin Nghin cu Gio dc


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1.

Quan im v nhn thc:

- o to lin thng (TLT) l loi hnh o to trong h thng o to

quc gia do BGD&T qun l, vi mc ch p ng nhu cu x hi vslng v cht lng ph hp vi iu kin, yu cu pht trin t nc; tha

mn nguyn vng ca ngi lao ng tng thi kcth.

- TLT phi hiu l bao gm lin thng dc v lin thng ngang:

+ Lin thng dc l lin thng theo chiu dc t thp n cao (DN ln

TC, TC ln C, C ln H, TC ln H...) i vi nhng n v c cng

chuyn ngnh trong trng hoc trng khc v c cc iu kin theo qui

nh ca BGD&T.

+ Lin thng ngang l lin thng theo chiu ngang gia cc trng khi

c cng nhn kt quln nhau vchng trnh o to, kt quo to, gip

ngi hc c th thay i ngnh hc t trng ny sang hc ngnh khc

trng khc (cng nhn cc tn chmn hc, mn tng ng, chuyn i).

- TLT l chi cho cc trng thc hin c hiu qutheo hnh thc o

to theo tn ch. Ngi hc c chng sp xp thi gian la chn hc tp,

tch ly cc tn chmn hc m hthy ph hp v c thi gian hc tp hp l

cc trng khc nhau. y cng l chi cho ngi lao ng cha c iu kinhc ngay bc hc cao tip tc nng cao trnh v chn nhng ngnh p ng

nhu cu x hi.

- Chong trnh o to phi c xy dng nghim tc, khoa hc, hp l

m bo cho vic lin thng theo chiu dc v c theo chiu ngang ca tng

ngnh, khi ngnh cng trng v cc trng khc trong nc.

- Ni dung phi va m bo tnh ktha va m bo tnh hthng.

- Khi lung kin thc va m bo phn cng va mm ha cho ph hp

i tng hc tp.

- Tchc lp hc, phng tin dy hc (my mc thit b, ti liu hc tp,

thvin), phng php ging dy v thi gian hc tp cn to cho ngi hc

c thchng trong sut qu trnh hc tp.


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- a dng ha cc loi hnh o to p ng nhu cu x hi, nhng phi

m bo tnh nghim tc trong tt c cc khu: qun l o to, cht lng

ngi dy, cng nhn kt quu vo v u ra khng tch khi qui cho to

ca BGD&T.

2.Thc trng o to lin thng theo h thng tn chncta:

- Tnm 2002, trc nhu cu hc tp nng cao trnh ca lc lng lao

ng trong cc ngnh kinh t quc dn, B GD&T thc hin th im

TLT ti 6 trng THCN, Cv H: Trng TC in t - in lnh, Vin

H M H Ni, H Nng, C Cng ngthip H Ni (nay l H Cng

nghip H Ni), H Kthut Hng Yn, CCng nghip 4 (nay l H Cngnghip TP.HCM). n nay (nm 2007-2008) cnc c khong 36 trng

H, 51 trng Cc TLT theo cc chuyn ngnh ph hp vi chc nng

o to ca trng cc cp : TC ln C; Cln H; TC ln H.

Thng k sb sngnh, trng TLT c quyt nh ca BGD&T

nm 2007-2008:

STT TRNG Cln HTCCN ln

C

TCCN ln

H

1 H Hng Bng 6 ngnh 7 ngnh

2 H Lc Hng 2 2 2

3 H Cn Th 12

4 H Tin Giang 3

5 H Hi Phng 3

6 H Lao ng X hi 3 3

7H K thut Cng ngh

TPHCM

5


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8H Kinh doanh v Cng

nghH Ni

3 1

9 H Duy Tn 3 3 3

10 H Bnh Dng 4 1

11 H Sphm TDTT H Ty 1 1

12 H Cng nghip TPHCM 11 10 5

13 H Cng nghip H Ni 7 9 5

14H Sphm Kthut Hng

Yn

10 6

15 H Xy dng H Ni 1

16 Hc vin Ngn hng 1

17 Vin H MH Ni 1 1

18 H Hng c 1

19 H Tn c Thng 4

20 H Thy sn 1

21 H SP Kthut TPHCM 6

22 H Nng 5

23 H Hoa Sen 4

24 H Cng on 1

25 H Vn Hin 3 2

26 H Hng Vng 2


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7 CSphm Bc Ninh 2

8

C Kinh t K thut Bnh

Dng

4

9C K thut Cng ngh

thng tin

5

10 CNguyn Tt Thnh 3

11C Kinh t K thut ng

Du

4

12 CThnh 2 8

13C Cng nghip Dt may

Nam nh

5

14 CCng nghip Sao 6

15C Cng nghip thc phm

TPHCM

11

16 CCng nghViettronics 3

17 CXy dng s2 1

18 CCng ng Vnh Long 4

19C Kinh t - K hoch

Nng

1

20C Kinh t Ti chnh Vnh

Long

3

21CKinh t - K thut cng

nghip II

4


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22 CTi chnh - Hi Quan 3

23

C Ti chnh - K ton

Qung Ngi

4

24C Kinh t - K thut Thi

Bnh

3

25 CGiao thng vn ti 4

26 CNng Lm Bc Giang 2

27 CXy dng s1 3

28C Kinh t - K thut Hi

Dng

2

29CKinh t - K thut Cng

nghip 1

1

30 CPht thanh-Truyn hnh 1 2

31 C Vn ha Ngh thut vDu lch HLong

3.

32C Kinh t K thut Ngh

An

2

33CKinh t - Ti chnh Thi

Nguyn

1

34 CKthut M 2

35 CCng ng Tr Vinh 4

36 CTi chnh - QTKD 3

37 CHa cht 1


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38C Kinh t - K thut Cn

Th

8

39C Kinh t - Cng ngh

TPHCM

3

40 CBch Vit 6

41 Cng 8

42 CDu lch H Ni 6

43 CSphm TT Hu 8 7

44 CCng ngh Nng 6

45 CXy dng cng trnh T 4

46 CCng ng Hi Phng 4

47 CSphm Nha Trang 7

48 CTi nguyn&Mi trngH Ni

4

49CKinh t K thut Qung

Nam

3

50C in t in lnh H

Ni

2

51 CSphm H Ni 1

* Mt vi nhn xt :

- Tchc TLT pht trin kh nhanh vqui m (strng, sngnh).


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- Cc trng H (cng lp) mc d c iu kin thun li vi ngging

vin trnh cao, csvt cht trang thit bphc vdy v hc kh tt nhng

trin khai cn chm.

- Khi cc trng H (Dn lp, Tthc) v cc trng Ca scn nhiu

kh khn vcsvt cht, trang thit b, i ngging vin nhng strng

trin khai nhiu.

Phi chng, nhng vn trn t ra cho cc cp lnh o nghin cu,

xem xt cho trin khai loi hnh o to ny cho cn i, ph hp va p

ng nhu cu x hi vslng v cht lng.

2.1. Nhng thun li v li ch em li.

- Thun li:

+ Nhu cu thtrng vlc lng lao ng c trnh rt ln, ngun u

vo cho cc loi hnh o to ny phong ph, a dng (hng nm shc sinh

THPT uc tuyn vo cc trng H khong 10% -15%, scn li hc ti cc

trng C, THCN, DN).

+ BGD&T c nhng quyt nh kp thi cho cc trng thuc cc khu

vc c nhu cu o to ln mcc ngnh TLT v to cchthng thong cho

cc trng nhiu khu ca ltrnh tuyn sinh, o to nhm p ng dn nhucu x hi (cuc vn ng ni khng vi o to khng ng chun, khng p

ng nhu cu x hi).

+ K hoch thc hin n nm 2010 tt c cc trng phi chuyn i

sang hnh thc o to theo tn ch, l nn tng qu trnh TLT c them li

kt qucao.

+ Cc trng v ang c u tln vcsvt cht nh: thvin

in t, my mc kthut, phng tin dy hc, i mi phng php dy hc,

i ng ging vin thng xuyn c bi dng nng cao trnh chuyn

mn, nghip vc thgip cho qu trnh dy hc t kt qucao.

- Li ch:

+ Cc trng H v C khai thc c ti a csvt cht hin c

ca trng; c bit l khai thc c hiu qu lc lng lao ng trnh cao


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khng chca trng mnh m ccc trng khc trong cnc; mi quan h

gia cc trng cht ch, thng xuyn hn.

+ Tng thm ngun thu, gp phn nng cao i sng cn bvin chc,ging vin, bsung csvt cht cho trng.

+ gii quyt c slng ng kngi lao ng c nhu cu hc tp

nng cao trnh phc vnhu cu x hi.

+ To thtrng rng ln cho cc trng C, THCN thc hin nhim v

trc mt v lu di, ni ginh cho nhng ngi lao ng cha c iu kin hc

bc cao tu.

+ Dn to c scn i hp l ccu o to gia cc trnh H,

C, THCN v DN, gia cc ngnh ngh, gia khoa hc c bn, khoa hc k

thut - cng ngh, theo tinh thn quyt nh 121/2007/Q-TTg ngy 27/7/2007

ca Thtng Chnh phvph duyt Qui hoch mng li cc trng H v

Cgiai on 2006-2020.

2.2. Nhng kh khn :

- Trong hthng cc trng H v C(khong hn 400 trng) hin nay

th mi chc khong 1/3 strng tchc o to theo hthng tn ch. c

bit vic xy dng chng trnh cn nng tnh cc b, cha c sthng nhtgia cc chuyn ngnh trong cc trng vthi lng, tn mn hc, gio trnh

chnh thng, nn vic cng nhn tn chcc mn hc gia cc trng cn rt kh

khn.

- Cha c qui chchun mc v thng nht trong TLT; mt strng

linh hot tchc o to v li ch c nhn ca trng (chtuyn nhng hc vin

hc trng mnh d cht lng cha cao trong khi nhng hc vin trng

khc c cht lng li khng c tuyn) gy kh khn cho cc trng khc khi

tuyn sinh.

- Lnh o mt strng cha c nhn thc v quan im ng vTLT

v o to theo tn ch, nn c phn coi nhvic tuyn sinh v cht lng o

to, i khi cn mm ha nhng qui nh ca BGD&T gislng sinh

vin cho trng mnh. Mt khc, vic tuyn sinh lin thng hin nay Bgiao

cho cc trng chng ton bvthi gian, cch thc tchc thi, ra , chm


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thi, quyt nh im tuyn vo, khng qun l cht chnhcc kthi khc nn

kh c thm bo cht lng nhmong mun.

-

Ngi hc lin thng a dng v ngnh ngh, mi trng sng v lmvic khng ging nhau, trnh tuyn vo khc nhau (THCN, sinh vin gm

cngi hc ht THPT, THCS, BTVH, c thi tuyn v khng thi tuyn), cc

ngnh o to trong cc trng c tn gi khc nhau, cc mn hc tng t,

nhng cha thng nht vtiu chun chuyn i cc mn c gn ni dung.

- Cc trng H c khoa o to TC, ngoi vic tuyn thng nhng ngi

c im thp trong k thi H cn tuyn thng hc sinh tt nghip THPT, t

chc thi tuyn nhng ngi tt nghip THCS vo hc chung, khng dg c th

to c scn i vcht lng ckhi hc v khi ra trng.- Phng tin ging dy v cc csvt cht khc ca nhiu trng c

php TLT cha m bo cho cho qu trnh hc tp, thc hnh, th nghim,

nht l vi nhng trng cc tnh min ni Bc b, Ty nguyn, ng bng

sng Cu Long v cnhng trng thnh phln nhng cn phi i thu c

svt cht nhiu a im khc nhau.

- Qu trnh thc hin th im hnh thc o to theo tn chv TLT, n

nay cc cso to ang trin khai mrng qui m nhng cha c tng kt

rt kinh nghim c nhng gii php tt m bo cho tin hon thin loi

hnh o to ny.

3.Gii php pht trin:

3.1. Pha BGio dc vo to:

- Hon chnh v ban hnh qui ch thng nht v loi hnh o to ny

(tuyn sinh, tchc o to, thi - kim tra, thi tt nghip, vn bng chng ch...).

- Kim tra, gim st cht chvic thc hin qui ch, cht lng o to, c

svt cht, (thng qua hot ng kim nh) v cc hot ng lin quan n o

to v qun l o to (thi gian tuyn sinh, thi v cng nhn tt nghip).

- Qun trit n tng cn bqun l cc trng, i ngging vin vquan

im v nhn thc vi loi hnh o to ny, hchng, tch cc tham gia

c hiu qucc hot ng khi c phn cng.


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- Thng nht v ban hnh chng trnh khung o to cho cc trng, cc

chuyn ngnh, trn c s m bo ph hp vi yu cu ca ngi hc, ca

trng, ca doanh nghip (cc ngnh sn xut) tTHCN n Cv H.

3.2.i vi cc trng v cc doanh nghip:

- Phi hp cht ch thng xuyn gia cc doanh nghip vi cc trng

THCN, DN, Cv H trong cc khu tuyn dng, tuyn sinh, chng trnh o

to, tchc v u th tro to, khc phc tnh trang o to khng p

ng nhu cu x hi nhhin nay.

- Ch tuyn nhng ngi c tham gia k thi tuyn sinh vo H nhng

khng im vo H, nhng hc sinh tt nghip THPT hc hTC ln C.

Nhng hc sinh tt nghip THCS hc THCN khng nn tuyn vo, v bn thni tng ny cn khong trng kh ln vvn ha.

- Cho php tt cnhng ngi tt nghip THCN ( tri tng tuyn vo

l hc sinh THCS) khng tnh kt qu tt nghip loi no, khng cn phi c

thi gian cng tc c dthi tuyn v hc ngay (nu im ). Nhng khi

thi tuyn phi m bo ng yu cu v cht lng thi tuyn sinh ca cc h

tuyn sinh khc vo H, C.

-

Nhng sinh vin tt nghip THCN loi kh trln c chuyn thng lnCcng ngnh; tt nghip Ctloi kh trln chuyn thng ln o to H

cng ngnh, cc i tng khc u phi thi theo qui nh.

- Cho php cc trng chng thc hin o to theo hp ng ca cc

doanh nghip cho cc cn b, vin chc, cn bk thut trong ngun sdng

lu di ca doanh nghip (ti trng hoc ti doanh nghip, doanh nghip u t

ton bkinh ph) khng phi tham gia thi tuyn u vo, c qui m ph hp

vi qui m sdng lao ng ca doanh nghip trong khoch c duyt.

-

i vi nhng trng khu vc c nhu cu o to ln nhng csvtcht v i ng ging vin chuyn ngnh cha p ng yu cu v trnh

chuyn mn th khng cho m qui m ln m yu cu phi tng bc khc

phc cc mt yu m bo cht lng o to.


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4.

Kt lun:

Mrng qui m, cht lng TLT trong giai on hin nay nc ta l

mt tt yu khch quan, ph hp vi xu hng pht trin gio dc o to cathgii. Trong thi kpht trin nn kinh t th trng v hi nhp, nhu cu

ngun lao ng cht lng cao ca cc doanh nghip i hi cc trng phi i

mi cc loi hnh o to, i mi phng php ging dy, vi nhng bc i

v gii php ph hp p ng c s lng v cht lng. TLT l mt trong

nhng gii php gp phn ng kgii quyt yu cu trn. Tuy nhin, txut

pht im ca nn kinh tc ngun vn tch ly khng ln, nhn thc ca cc

tng lp nhn dn cn hn ch, x hi cn chung hnh thc bng cp, cha

tht ch n nng lc chuyn mn to chng cho nhiu c so tocha thc s ch trng i mi mnh lm nh hng n snghip gio dc

chung. TLT hin nay cng khng nm ngoi quo . V vy, cn phi c

nhng quan im v nhn thc ng n, nhng gii php ph hp cho cc loi

hnh o to ni chung v TLT ni ring, mi c ththc sp ng nhu cu

x hi.


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42

O TO LIN THNG CC TRNG CNG NHNCHNG TRNH CA NHAU NHTHNO

Nguyn Kim Hng1Trngi hc Sphm Tp.HCM

Ai cng bit thkXXI l thkca hc tp sut i. Nhu cu hc l mt

nhu cu khng th thiu v trong mt chng mc nht nh, nhng x hi

trng vng bng cp, n cn c nng cao hn mt bc nhl chun mc

x hi.

Nm 2010, theo cho ca BGio dc v o to (GD&T) l nmcui cng cc i hc Vit Nam stchc o to theo tn chmt hnh thc

tchc o to c trin khai thn mt thkMv thc sc hiu qu

nn lan ta ra nhiu nc. Trong bi vit ny, chng ti khng nhc li nhng

qui nh ca BGD&T vo to lin thng. Vcbn, c hai hnh thc lin

thng: lin thng dc (theo ngnh) v lin thng ngang (gia cc ngnh cng

trng v khc trng) v hqu l bng cp ca ngi hc c nng t

trung hc ln cao ng, tcao ng ln i hc hoc lin thng thng ttrung

hc nghln i hc. Cmay hc tp cho mi ngi n v n thc sttcho nhng ngi mun hc nng cao trnh chkhng phi nh bng

hoc tnh bng mnh.

Tnm hc ny, hc sinh tt nghip cc trng trung hc phthng s

c xt tuyn hoc thi tuyn vo htrung hc ngh. BGD&T khuyn khch

cc trng tchc xt tuyn. Nm 2009 chtiu o to i hc l 112.2002, ch

tiu tuyn htrung cp chuyn nghip l 18.000 ngi bng 16% chtiu tuyn

sinh hi hc. Cng nm hc ny, BGD&T a ra chtiu hva hc va

lm, lin thng v bng 2 l 152.000 sinh vin, o to txa 73.000 sinh vin.Chtnh hai hva hc va lm, bng hai, lin thng v o to txa gp

hn 2 ln ssinh vin chnh qui hi hc, mi thy chi hc cao rng m

cho nhng ngi hc trung cp v cao ng.

1PGS.TS, Ph Hiu trng2 Bo co tnh hnh thc hin k hoch v ngn sch nm 2008 v d ton ngn sch nm 2009 (Ngy26/12/2008)


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trnh chung cho tt cngi hc nu p ng c yu cu chung l ngi hc

phi tt nghip mt trong cc ngnh hc trong danh sch m chng ti lit k.

Cch la chn thhai slm cho vic tchc o to theo nin chsddng

hn cch thnht. V c hng trm ngi c nhn bng cnhn hai nh

vy v phn ln trong shhin ang lm trong ngnh du lch cc tnh thnh

pha Nam v h khng nh cht lng o to v khnng p ng nhu cu

o to ca Cs2 Khoa Du lch i hc MH Ni ti TP.HCM. Mt kinh

nghim nhtrong lc chng ta cha c iu kin tchc o to lin thng nh

hin nay thnh lang php l n tchc thc hin.

Ti c mt ngi quen c con theo hc mt i hc Hoa K cho bit,

con anh ang hc nm th2 mt i hc c ting TP.HCM, anh cho con ihc Hoa K v mun chu c iu kin hc tt hn. Trng m chu hc cho

bit, chu c thdch tn mn hc, m tni dung, ly chng nhn ca trng

i hc m chu hc Vit Nam cng bng im th sc min mn hc ny.

Nhvy, c thgim c thi gian hc Hoa K, nhng iu kin m trng

a ra l ch cng nhn kt qu theo mc pass chkhng cng nhn im

theo mc A+, A v B. V nhthcng c ngha l chu c thkhng nhn c

hc bng. Thl chu nh hc li, hc li nn im rt cao v chu c nh

trng Hoa K cp 50% hc ph (khong 9000 USD/nm). Vn ti sao cc

i hc khng cng nhn im hc ca nhau: n gin v Hoa K, cc trng

khi cng nhn nhau th mi c thlin thng ngang, sinh vin mi c chuyn

trng v c cng nhn kt qu hc. Cc i hc thng cng nhn

chng trnh ca nhau, c thchuyn i khi hai i hc c cng ng cp.

Hng nm cc i hc Hoa K thng thng bo trn website ca mnh nhng

ngnh hc c thly chng chmn hc tcc trng khc vi danh sch cth

trong thng bo tuyn sinh ca mnh.

Hin nay, cc i hc Vit Nam cha lm iu ny, d rng chng trnhca ngnh hc chng ta hin nay ging nhau n 50-70%. Theo ti, cc trng

nn thng bo cho sinh vin c thnhn cc tn chmn hc cc trng khc.

y l mt nt vn ha cn phi sm thc hin. Lm c nhvy c ngha l

chng ta to iu kin cho ngi hc v hng ti c bit ha vic hc tp

ca mi c nhn xu hng hc tp trong thk21.


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O TO LIN THNG TCAO NG LN I HC

THEO HTHNG TN CH

Nguyn Ngc Hng1

TrngH Sphm Kthut Namnh

Lin thng trong Gio dc - o to theo hthng tn ch(HTTC) trthnh

chtrng v nhim vca ton ngnh Gio dc - o to; vic p dng quy trnh

o to mm do, lin thng, kt hp m hnh truyn thng vi m hnh a giai on

tng chi hc tp v phn tng trnh nhn lc c nu trong NghQuyt

s14/NQ-CP ca chnh phvi mi cbn v ton din Gio dc i hc VitNam giai on 2006 2020. o to lin thng cao ng (C) ln i hc (H) phi

c thit kchng trnh ph hp vi mc tiu o to. Do vy, khi lng kin

thc v thi gian tchc o to cn c tp trung n thp cc nng lc thc hin

ca ngi sinh vin tt nghip H. Phn tch cc yu tkhi hc chng trnh H cc

sinh vin cn phi hi tim nng v kinh nghim c tch ly tkhi hc C. V

th, khoch o to lin thng tCln H khng n thun l vic so snh cng

trchc cc chng trnh o to hai cp trnh C/H m l slin kt, tch

hp theo quan im hthng. Trong cc chng trnh u phi c xem xt, iuchnh ph hp vi mc tiu o to lin thng v cc mi lin hgia khoa hc c

bn, csngnh, chuyn ngnh, gia l thuyt vi thc hnh v gia cc khoa hc

khc ng thi chng trnh lin thng c xy dng theo HTTC. Quyt nh s

2666/Q- BGD&T ngy 24 thng 5 nm 2007 ca Btrng BGio dc v o

to giao cho Trng H Sphm K thut (HSPKT) Nam nh o to lin

thng ttrnh Cln trnh H cc ngnh Tin ng dng, Cng nghHn, Cng

nghkthut in, Cng nghkthut t, Cng nghChto my, Cng nght

ng, Cng nghkthut in - in t.Quyt nh s641/Q- HSPKTNngy 21 thng 8 nm 2007 ban hnh

Chng trnh gio dc H lin thng ttrnh Cln trnh H. Loi hnh o

to: Chnh quy; Thi gian o to: 1,5 nm.

1TS, Trng phng o to


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T thc t o to lin thng ti trng HSPKT Nam nh trn c s

chng trnh gio dc H c xy dng v thc hin cng nhhc tp kinh

nghim ca cc trng bn c nhiu nm o to theo HTTC, chng ti cho rng

ngoi vic chun btt i ngging vin, cn bqun l, csvt cht cho o

to cng tc tchc v qun l qu trnh o to cng cn c quan tm mt

cch ng b, v y l c trng c tnh cht quyt nh mt nh trng tin

hnh o to theo HTTC hay cha?

Vi xut pht im ca trng HSPKT Nam nh v cc yu cu o to

lin thng theo HTTC, chng ti xut ltrnh tchc v qun l qu trnh o

to lin thng tCln H theo HTTC nhhnh 1.

Hnh 1. Ltrnh tchc v qun l qu trnh o to lin thng cao ng

ln i hc theo HTTC ca Trngi hc Sphm Kthut Namnh.

1. Hon thin h thng chng trnh o to lin thng cc ngnh, chuyn

ngnh t trnh C ln trnh H theo HTTC mt cch khoa hc. Trng

NH thitrc nghim

(4)

Dy hc tchcc (5)

Hon thinphng kho

th (6)

Hon thinhthng

thng tin T(7)

Tchc hthng cvnhc tp (8)

- Hon thinchng trnh hc- Xy dng cchng dn v tchc o to

(1)

- Tuyn sinh theo hc k- Xy dng KHGD. LyHK lm n vhc v- SV ng k hc theo cctin - Lp hc tchc theo hc

phn

- p dng thang im ch.- Chm thi bng my(9)

2010 2012 Thi ian


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HSPKT Nam nh l trng hc a ngnh, a bc hc v pht trin theo nh

hng ng dng nghnghip nn khi lng thc hnh trong cc chng trnh

o to rt ln; V vy, cc hc phn thc hnh nghphi c module ho v c

thdng chung mt smodule cbn ca ngh(hnh 2).

Hnh 2. Scu trc khi knng nghtrong cc chng trnh o to

i hc, cao ng cng nghkthut v knng ngh

Trong chng trnh o to C, H cng nghkthut phi c bit quan tm n

vic xy dng hc phn, module tchn v n to ra li thca o to theo HTTC so vi

o to theo hc chnin chbi smm do, khnng la chn chng trnh hc ca sinh

vin v tip cn thtrng lao ng S(H2) minh ha khi knng nghtrong chng

trnh o to cc h:H cng nghkthut, Ccng nghkthut gm:

-

Cc knng cbn ca ngnh ngh.

- Cc knng khc (knng qun l sn xut, knng thao tc, knng tduy).

- Phn in m l phn knng chung ca cc chng trnh o to thc hnh

(chyu l cc knng cbn ca ngnh ngh). Phn knng chung c thit kthnh

cc module dng chung cho cc bc H, cc ho to thun li cho cng tc tchc

Phn NLTH(Knng ngh)

Knng ngh

i hc Cao ng cng ngh

Knng cbn ca ngh

NLTHkhctheom

ctiuoto


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v qun l o to, tit kim kinh ph xy dng chng trnh trong o to theo HTTC.

Trong qu trnh xy dng chng trnh phi phn cng nhim vcth, khoa hc, trnh

chng cho, chquan, thiu kin ca cc chuyn gia ngoi trng (theo hnh 3).

Hnh 3. Phn cng nhim vcho cc n vxy dng chng trnh o to

lin thng theo HTTC.

Khoa chuyn mn

Hi ng KH vo to

Phng Khoa hc vQuan hquc t

Hiu trng

Phng o to

Phng kho th

- Xy dng chng trnh ngnh, chuynngnh, chng trnh chi tit ca hc phntheo yu cu ca trng v tun thchng trnh khung.- Sa cha khi c kin phn bin

- Gi chng trnh i phn bin.- Thm nh chng trnh theo quy nh,khung chng trnh v chng trnhkhung- Sa cha v bin tp tng th.

- Cung cp ti liu, cng c- xut cc quy nh ni bvchngtrnh trnh hiu trng- Hon thnh cc th tc giao nhim v,nghim thu v ban hnh chng trnh- Trnh Hiu trng ph duyt CT

- Ra quyt nh ban hnh cc quy nh vchng trnh.

- Ph duyt.- K quyt nh ban hnh chng trnh

Tchc thc hin chng trnh:- Lp khoch o to tng ththeo CT- Cng cc khoa hon thin khoch chitit v tvhc o to.- Ch o, kim tra, gim st thc hinchng trnh.

Tchc nh gi chng trnh v:- Tnh khthi- Cc sai st vni dung- Kh nng tip thu ni dung chngtrnh ca SV

Phnbinngoi

trng


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2. Sau khi hon thin chng trnh hc (H.3), cn khn trng chun bh

thng gio trnh, ti liu tham kho thch hp (2) tnhiu ngun: sdng gio

trnh ca cc trng H c uy tn trong v ngoi nc, txy dng trn cs

xy dng cng chi tit cc hc phn (3) cng bcho sinh vin v tip tc

hon thin h thng ngn hng thi trc nghim (4) p ng nhu cu ca

ngi dy v hc.

o to theo HCTC spht huy cao tnh tch cc hc tp ca sinh vin.

V vy, nh trng phi to ra mi trng tch trong hc tp, trong c h

thng gio trnh, ti liu y . Song hin nay slng v ccu chuyn mn

ca gio trnh, ti liu va ngho li va khng ph hp v c bin son cho

o to theo nin chnn cn quy nh thng nht ni dung mn hc, ni dung thitheo ngn hng thi

3. c ththc hin o to theo HTTC th phi i mi phng php ging

dy ttruyn thng, chyu l thuyt trnh sang phng php dy hc tch cc ly

sinh vin lm trung tm. iu cng ng ngha vi thay i thi quen dy - hc

ca ngi dy ln ngi hc hng ti gim khi lng giln lp, khuyn khch

sinh vin thc, tnghin cu. Tuy nhin, c snh gi hiu qudy - hc

cn tip tc trin khai trn cschun btt cc iu kin dy hc ca ging vin

v thc ca sinh vin.4. Thnh lp phng kho th (6) nhm mc ch khch quan ha qu trnh dy

hc v qu trnh kim tra nh gi. Mt khc, bphn kho th vi cc thit bchm

thi trc nghim sgim ti v gim thi gian chm thi cho ging vin, tng thi gian

v tin cy vim scho phng o to khi xl kt quhc tp. Cn phi t

chc thi v nh gi kt quhc tp ca sinh vin mt cch cht ch, nghim tc v

khch quan. Kinh nghim ca cc trng H i trc cho thy rng:

T chc thi cht ch, nghim tc buc sinh vin phi hc

nghim tc a sinh vin v vi li ch ca chnh mnh l hc tp, thunhn kin thc; Tchc nh gi khch quan ngha l: ngi dy c lp

vi ngi ra , ngi chm thi buc ging vin ging dy nghim

tc ngha l: a ngi thy vvi gi trch thc ca nghnghip.


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Mun thc hin cc vn nu, iu ct yu l phi tng dn tlcc mn

hc dng phng php trc nghim khch quan khc phc c yu tchquan,

cm tnh khi nh gi ca ging vin, tit kim thi gian, cng sc v kinh ph.

5. Qun l o to lin thng theo HTTC v hon thin hthng thng tin qun

l.

- iu hnh hot ng o to lin thng theo HTTC cn cthho cc

quy ch, quy nh ca BGio dc v o to cng vi ni quy ca nh trng

mt cch hon chnh, thng nht ph hp vi iu kin v c im ca trng

(1) nh: quy cho to, quy chsinh vin, cc quy nh vchc nng, nhim v

ca cvn hc tp, hc ph, thi v chm thi, cc biu mu vng k hc phn,

ng k tin hc nhanh, chm ca sinh vin, c iu chnh tip cn vi ccyu cu ca o to lin thng theo HTTC.

- p dng cng ngh thng tin vo qun l trn c s kin ton h thng

thng tin qun l (7) vi phng tin chyu l cng nghthng tin gm c my

tnh kt ni Internet v mng LAN, hthng cc phn mm qun l sao cho ging

vin, cn bqun l v sinh vin c thcp nht thng tin lin quan trn mng ni

bv trang WEB ca nh trng. Mt khc phi hon chnh trung tm thng tin -

thvin vi thvin in tcho sinh vin hc tp trong nhng thi gian c th.

6.

Tchc hthng cvn hc tp(8): Trong o to lin thng theo HTTC

phi tchc hng dn hc tp v nh gi vic rn luyn ca sinh vin mt cch

thc cht v hiu qu. Thc hin cng vic ny l i ngcvn hc tp vi t

cch l ngi hng dn v chu trch nhim i vi tng sinh vin vcch thc

la chn chng trnh, tin , phng php hc tp, rn luyn t hiu qu

cao nht. i ngcvn hc tp phi c chun btby giv tuyn chn t

nhng cn b, ging vin, chuyn vin tm huyt.

m bo cc iu kin o to lin thng theo HTTC tC ln

H cn tp trung:

- i mi mc tiu o to ph hp vi HCTC, iu ct li i vi

ngi dy l phi xc nh r rng vcc mc tiu o to v khnng t c

u ra ca ngi hc (learning outcomes) lm cscho vic lin thng v

chuyn i gia cc cp bc o to trong nh trng.


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- c im ca HTTC l khi lng kin thc trong ton chng trnh

o to ca tng cp hc cn phi tch ly v c cu trc theo hthng cc

module (hc phn). Qui nh khi lng kin thc c sp xp phn chia

theo khi lng tn chca tng giai on trong kho hc. Qu trnh hc tp

ca ngi hc l qu trnh tch ly kin thc ca ngi hc theo tng hc

phn, n vtnh khi lung kin thc l tn ch(TC). Chng trnh o to

gm c cc hc phn bt buc v cc hc phn t chn, rt mm do, cho

php ngi hc ddng iu chnh ngnh ngho to, tit kim kinh ph v

sdng hiu quvthi gian ca ngi hc. Qui trnh o to p ng nhu

cu a dng ca ngi hc, cht lng hc tp c nh gi cht ch, thun

li cho ngi hc khi hc lin thng.

- Vic nng cao cht lng gio dc H nc ta trong bi cnh hin nay

i hi phi i mi tchc qu trnh o to H, i mi vic dy v vic hc,

c bit l i mi phng php dy - hc (PPDH) H.

i mi v hin i ho PPDH chuyn t vic truyn t tri thc th

ng, thy c tr ghi sang hng dn ngi hc chng tduy trong qu

trnh tip cn tri thc. Dy cho ngi hc phng php t thu nhn thng tin

mt cch c hthng v c khnng phn tch tng hp. Pht trin c nng

lc c nhn, tng cng tnh chng, tnh tchca hc sinh, sinh vin trongqu trnh hc tp.

- Nh trng phi tnh n vic thay i phng thc nh gi ngi hc.

Cch nh gi kt quhc tp trong HCTC skhng tchc bng mt k thi

nhhin nay m phi thit kli phng thc nh gi thng xuyn mt cch

hiu quv cng bng.

- Cc iu kin cn thit cho o to lin thng t C ln H theo

HTTC:

1. Trang bcho ging vin (GV) nhng kin thc vl lun dy hc i hc.

2. Tng cng csvt cht phc vcho vic dy ca thy v vic hc ca tr:

u tcho thvin, thit bdy hc, phng th nghim, xng thc hnh

3. u tthi gian v kinh ph cho GV vit gio trnh.


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4. Xy dng v ban hnh quy chging dy; Tchc nghin cu v p dng

cc phng tin dy hc hin i: multimedia, ha 3 chiu (3-D graphics), th

vin o trn internet, thgii o, thao tc txa v.v

5. Phi hp tchc cc lp bi dng GV vl lun dy hc H v thnh lp

cc thn hp nghin cu vl thuyt, thc hnh v cc phng php phng tin

dy hc hin i.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Quy cho to i hc v cao ng hchnh quy theo hthng tn ch. S:43/2007/Q- BGDDT ngy 15 thng 8 nm 2007

[2] PGS.TSKH - Nguyn Hu c, TS Nguyn c Ho - Qun l v o to theo

hc chtn chti Trng i hc Lt - Bi ng kyu hi tho o to theo

hc chtn chtrong cc trng i hc v cao ng Vit Nam - Nhn thc v kinh

nghim trin khai ca VUN ti i hc Nha Trang thng 12/2006.

[3] Ban lin lc cc trng H/CVit Nam (VUN), i mi phng php

dy hc trong o to theo hc chtn ch. Hi tho khoa hc ln 2 nm

2007 ti i hc dn lp Hi Phng thng 9/2007.


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O TO LIN THNG THEO HTHNG TN CHTGC NHN BN NGOI GING NG I HC

Phm Vn Lun1Trng Cao ng Bn Tre

Trong ltrnh i mi v pht trin gio dc i hc (H), cao ng (C)

hin nay, c thkhng nh o to lin thng theo hthng tn chl mt ng

lc quan trng cc trng H, Cthc hin mt smng mi ca mnh l

dy cch hc; rn luyn, trang bcho sinh vin mt phm cht cn pht huy

mnh m - l tnh chng trong vic hc bng cc bin php thit thc,khai thc trit cng nghmi.

Hin nay, vi tc pht trin ca t nc, nhng thay i nhanh chng

ca khoa hc kthut, nhu cu x hi ang to ra nhiu p lc buc sinh vin

phi tip cn v theo hc bc H; song vic ngi hc ging ng H vn

ch l c mv l iu khng d thc hin! Trong trng hp , khng c

cch no khc l tp trung trang bkin thc nn tng, knng cbn v dy

cch hc cho sinh vin, to cho hkhnng, thi quen v nim say m hc tp

sut i qua m hnh o to lin thng theo hthng tn ch.Nhn thc c vn ny, thc hin ch trng ca ngnh, nhiu

trng H, C quan tm u tv tng bc thnghim o to theo h

thng tn ch(HTTC) tnhiu nm qua. Nhiu hi ngh, hi tho chuyn v

o to theo HTTC cp trng, cp khu vc v ton quc c tchc. Song

qua theo di, chng ti nhn thy do tnh bc xc ca vn , cc trng bc

u chbn su ni hm o to theo HTTC, t cp hoc cha bn tho mt

cch chnh thc, thu o vn o to theo HTTC v nhng hly t ra -

vn tuy mang tnh ngoi l nhng theo chng ti quyt nh khng kmphn quan trng n tin v s thnh bi ca o theo HTTC trong nh

trng H, C. Vi cch tip cn ny, chng ti xin c trao i thm v

oto lin thng theo hthng tn chtgc nhn bn ngoi ging ng i

hc.

1ThS, Ph Trng phng NCKH


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1.

Nn chng tm hiu vn o to theo h thng tn chtgc nhn gio dc phthng?

Chng ta bit, cch nay gn mt thp k, tngy 9-12-2000, Quc hikha X khp th8 thng nht thng qua Nghquyt s40/2000/QH10 v

i mi chng trnh gio dc phthng. Sau , Thtng Chnh phcng

ra chthcthha vic thc hin Nghquyt ny v mt trong bn mc tiu

ca i mi chng trnh, sch gio khoa ph thng l i mi phng php

dy hc (PPDH), pht huy tduy sng to v nng lc thc ca hc sinh (HS).

S p ng ca gio dc ph thng gn nh khng nh r vic i mi

PPDH l mt xu th. Thc ttrin khai cng cho thy tuy cn nhiu hn chcn

hon chnh v l trnh thc hin khng phi a ra nhn nh chnhthc, song nhng g din ra nh trng ph thng cho thy, vic i mi

PPDH vn chl hnh thc, skhng c u ra nu nhng lp hc, bc hc

cao hn qu trnh o to ca nh trng H, Cvn cha to ra mi trng

tip tc kt ni v "pht huy tnh chng, sng to ca HS", "ly HS lm trung

tm", hoc ng dng cc phng tin hin i htrcho vic hc, nhng tiu

ch ny khng cn l khu hiu m trthnh thc tin sinh ng, l thi quen,

nnp ca mi sinh vin trn ging ng H, C. y chnh l tin vt

cht, tinh thn, l ngun lc quan trng ging vin trng H, Cdy hc

theo HTTC.

Vn chng ti quan tm nhiu nht khi ni n o to lin thng l

hin nay vn cha c mt nghin cu hoc cho chuyn mn chnh thc no

kt ni gia gio dc trong nh trng phthng vi gio dc H khi thc

hin o to theo HTTC, xu th tt yu m HS ph thng s phi theo hc.

Chnh v vy, cc trng phthng vic ch trng i mi PPDH gn nhch

nhm mc ch chy theo thnh tch, chng ta c t l kh ln HS gii

nhng cha c tthtip cn vi phng php thc theo m hnh tn chtrongtng lai gn. iu ny dnhn bit bi a sHS lp 12 vo ging ng H,

Ccm thy xa lvi mi trng hc tp mi - ni i hi c sthi gian lm

vic nh (thc) gp i stit ln lp. HS hon ton bng v khng thch

ng vi chhc tp mi. Tlkh ln HS gii phthng khi vo H, C

li o chiu, trthnh t lphbin: sinh vin (SV) c hc lc trung bnh,


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yu. Ngay cssinh vin kh gii khi c nh gi trn l thuyt khi ngi

trn ghnh trng hon ton bng, c thtrn ging ng nu khng c

ging vin bn cnh. V thvic nh gi vmt thc cht ca nh tuyn dng

khi ra trng lm cho ta khng khi tht vng: SV gii nhng khng sdng

c v thiu nhng t cht cn thit! Thc trng ny khng th quy trch

nhim cho nh trng phthng, li cng khng thli cho trng H, C!

Nhn nhn vn mt cch thc tv nghim tc chng ta c thnu ra mt s

nguyn nhn nh:

Cchkhuyn khch hoc chti rng buc thc, trch nhim ca GV

trong vic vic gn kt gia rn luyn phng php hc tp ca HS trong nh

trng phthng v phng php thc, hc tp ngoi nh trng hng tim hnh o to tn chkhi tri qua lp 12 v bc vo ging ng H, C.

Minh ha cho nhn nh ny l tnh trng ng suy ngh: mi nm, ton ngnh

gio dc ph thng, tkhp cc tnh, thnh trong cnc ta c n hng vn

sng kin, kinh nghim vi mi PPDH. l cha kn con stng t

tp th, c nhn in hnh, gio vin dy gii c khen thng. Song khai

thc, huy ng c bao nhiu sng kin, kinh nghim kt ni gio dc

phthng gio dc H l iu cha thkhng nh.

Do , t c cc mc tiu to ra nhp cu kt ni y mt cchhiu quchkhng chdng li hnh thc, qutht cn gp nhiu gian nan v

nhiu ngi tm huyt ang st rut tvn mnh. Nn chng tm hiu vn

o to theo HTTC tgc nhn gio dc phthng? c bit l chin lc lin

thng, kt ni phng php dy hc, xy dng mi trng hc tp, rn luyn t

mm non ln n H; bi chnh nt c th ca o to theo HTTC t ra

yu cu phi c slin thng, v lin thng gc nhn bn ngoi ging ng

H chng ti bn n chnh l mt schun bchin lc, trc mt bc cho

o to to theo tn chngay trng phthng.2.

o to theo h thng tn ch, ng lc thc y v a ltrnh i mi gio dc ph thng vo ng quo chinlc gio dc ca t nc thi hi nhp

Nghin cu kc trng ca o to tn chcho thy, nu phthng,

thy c gio c chch rn luyn chuyn mn, i mi PPDH thc strthnh


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nhu cu, thnh thi quen ca tng GV trong mi giln lp, chkhng "biu

din, minh ha" qua cc gi thao ging, thi GV gii th tiu im m h

hng ti tip cn m hnh o to theo tn ch! Bi si mi PPDH ch

thc chnh l schun b trc cho cch hc theo m hnh tn ch ca SV

trong tng lai. phi l mt qu trnh hp tc tnhiu pha: bn thn GV, s

htrca phng tin dy hc, sng vin, khch lca nh trng, sng

thun ca phhuynh v sau cng l shng ng ca HS trong thc,

trch nhim ca bn thn mi GV l yu tquan trng. Vn t ra l s

u tcng sc vo i mi PPDH ca GV phthng ng hng, hiu quth

i hi phi c sh tr, to iu kin htim cn vi ltrnh o to tn

ch. Trc ht l cng on to cho HS c phong cch hc tp, lm vic t

ch, lm vic ngoi nh trng; phi c ltrnh gip GV thay i hnh nh caGV chl ngi cm tay chvic cho HS.

Theo chng ti, chnh schun bvi nh hng n u m hnh o

to theo tn ch tnh trng ph thng s to ra bc t ph trong i mi

PPDH. Bc t ph schnh thc l n nh tng lc vo li dy hc theo

kiu thuyt ging, c chp, l thuc vo SGK to ra thi quen thng

HS: thy ni sao, tr ghi vy, chbit hc thuc lng, khng cn suy ngh, thc

mc mt thi quen cn loi trtrong GV phthng hin nay. Chng ta u

bit qun tnh dy hc c hnh v mt chiu ny hin cn ko nhng vt

trt di trn ging ng H. cng chnh l ro cn ca mt bphn kh

ln SV khi bc vo mi trng o to theo hc chtn ch. iu cn thit nht

v c gi trchin lc nht khi chun b tm thhc tp theo hc chtn ch

cho SV ngay t nh trng ph thng chnh l phng php hc tp, l rn

luyn phong cch, xy dng mi trng hc tp ngoi nh trng theo hng

to ra thc tgic hc tp, nghin cu HS. y cng chnh l gii php hu

hiu nht chng li thi quen thuyt ging ca GV: ch yu "rt ui" theo

khi lng kin thc trong SGK, khng quan tm n vic tc ng vo qu

trnh nhn thc ca HS. iu ny cho thy tm quan trng v scn thit ca

vic gn kt i mi PPDH nh trng phthng vi vic chun b tm th

hc tp theo hc chtn chcho HS. C l, n lc vic bn tho o to theo

hc chtn chkhng cn l chuyn ca trng H, C, m l chuyn ca x

hi, ca cng ng v thit thn nht l chuyn ca nh trng phthng.


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o to theo HTTC l n by a ltrnh i mi gio dc phthng

vo ng quo chin lc gio dc ca t nc, vic i mi gio dc ph

thng cn tp trung nghin cu v thc hin nhng gii php sau:

a. Trng tm vn l thm nhun quan im: GV phthng phi hng n

dy cch hc cho HS, gip HS hc cch hc,y phi l ni dung bao qut

ca vic dy v hc ph thng hin nay. Bn cnh dy cho HS nhng kin

thc cbn, yu cu dy v hc cch hc y theo ltrnh tng bc nhm

to thi quen, nim hng th, say sa trong hc tp, mi ngy n trng

thc sl mt ngy vui; t khi dy thc tgic hc tp, nui dng lng

ham hc, hiu hc, mra khnng hc sut i, hc, hc na, hc mi HS.

Cn khng nh rng, ni dung, chng trnh gio dc phthng t ra yucu phi ch trng kin thc nn tng chkhng phi kin thc vmt chuyn

ngnh cth, v chnh yu cu kin thc nn tng phthng mi to ra cho

HS nn tng vng chc tip tc hc tp nhng chuyn ngnh khc bc H,

C. Tuy nhin nhn thc trn i vo cuc sng hc ng l cmt vn .

Theo kt qukho st ca chng ti t156 cn bqun l gio dc (l Hiu

trng, Hiu ph cc trng Mm non, Tiu hc v Trung hc c s trn a

bn tnh Bn Tre ang theo hc cc lp bi dng cn bqun l trng hc ti

trng CBn Tre) c n (149/156) 95,51 % cho rng mnh cn nhn thc m

hvdy cch hc vhc cch hc. Bi vy nn trong qun l dy hc h

cha nng lc kim tra, nh gi v ng vin GV thc hin i mi

phng php ging dy theo hng dy cch hc cho HS, gip HS hc cch

hc. y cng chnh l l do hvin dn no l phthng y l yu

cu qu cao nhng khi bn v li ch ca chin lc dy hc ny th hu

ng : gio dc phthng cn phi trang bnhng cng ccbn HS hc

tp sut i (yu cu quan trng l chnhn ca cng c chnh l kh

nng thc, tnghin cu, thc tm ti, o su suy ngh, lt ngc vn ,

ng ngha hc hi).

b. Mt trong nhng yu cu ht sc quan trng v tin quyt ca qui trnh

o to tn chbc H, Cl tnh chng ca SV. y l mt phm cht

cn v , n i hi phi c mt qu trnh rn luyn cng phu tnh trng

mm non v sut qung i hc tp trong nh trng phthng ca SV. Do ,


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nu vo ging ng H mi t vn rn luyn tnh ch ng hc tp,

nghin cu SV l qu mun. Theo chng ti, nh trng phthng lm tt

vai tr gio dc, rn luyn tnh chng hc tp cho HS,iu quan trng cn

tp trung gip GV phthng thc hin i mi phng php dy hc tcch

tip cn ly HS lm trung tm hoc hng vo HS, mi trng hc tp s

c pht huy khi HS vo hc H. Ci ch ca i mi gio dc phthng

c nhn din qua im tng ng: hng ti mc tiu chung, bn cht ca

qu trnh dy v hc ly ngi hc lm trung tm l pht huy tnh chng ca

ngi hc.

Tr li phng vn ca chng ti, (139/156) 89,1 % cn bqun l gio

dc Bn Tre cho rng Hin nay p lc chuyn mn ca GV khi ln lp rtln, GV rt vt v, u tcng sc nhiu, c bi dng, chun ha bi bn,

c ngi vt chun nhng hiu qugio dc vn khng nh. Tuy cc

trng ang ro rit trin khai thc hin cuc vn ng ln Xy dng trng

hc thn thin, hc sinh tch cc, nhng ngay trong chuyn hc hnh HS

khng chng th ni g n c HS tch cc v nguyn nhn su xa theo

hchnh l do Hc sinh khng chng trong hc tp, chhc nhng g GV

dy, GV nhc, kim tra, nhng g ngoi vng cm th coi nhkhi phi

lo Chnh v vy, hrt ng tnh vi gii php gio dc hng n gia tng

tnh chng hc tp ca HS, theo h, HS khng chng trong hc tp th

khng thni n chuyn nng ng, sng to ca nh trng v nn chng B

Gio dc & o to cn cthha tiu ch HS tch cc bng nhng hot ng

cthca thy v tr nhm rn luyn tng bc thc chng trong hc tp

HS.

c. c thhin thc ha hai vn trn, ng dng cng nghthng tin v

truyn thng (CNTT&TT) vo qu trnh i mi gio dc phthng l mt gii

php k thut v l mt li th c tnh cch mng. Thc t cho thy,CNTT&TT ang v sl n by gip GV phthng thc hin tt thin chc

ca mnh, y cng chnh l phng tin hu ch gip thy v tr c thdy

cch hc v hc cch hc. T gia tng tnh chng trong vic hc, gip

HS nh hng tduy v thi ca mnh i vi cuc sng. Hc tp, rn luyn

trong mi trng CNTT&TT s gip HS nhanh chng lm quen v s dng


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phng tin hc tp hin i mt cch ng n. Vi quan nim ny, hin nay

Cng ty truyn thng gio dc thuc tp on Dn Xun Tp.HCh Minh

tip cn v gii thiu my E-Teacher vo ging dy, hc tp trong cc trng

phthng mt stnh, thnh pha Nam trong c Bn Tre vi mong mun

to ra mt bc ngot mi trong ng dng CNTT&TT vo cuc sng hc

ng. trin khai chng trnh ny, Cng ty tha thun hp tc vi

trng CBn Tre nghin cu v thnghim xy dng hc liu qua my E-

Teacher, ng dng my E-Teacher vo ging dy, hc tp v nghin cu cho

cn bGV v HS, SV nh trng. Trc mt l GV v SV chuyn ngnh ting

Anh, Tin hc, Kinh tca trng. Tuy chbc u hp tc song sm c

nhng tn hiu cho thy shng ng ca phhuynh, GV v HS.

Vi nhng phng tin hc tp hin i, vn khng chdng li gc

kinh t, dch v, sn phm mi iu quan trng hn cchnh l nh trng

gp phn tch cc a HS tip cn nhng cng c, phng tin hc tp,

nghin cu mi. Qua gip HS chng hn trong vic hc, mt schng

cn thit v thch ng vi m hnh o to theo HTTC, mt mi trng hc tp

khai thc v ng dng trit thnh tu CNTT&TT. ng thi y cng l s

chun bvmt tm l cho mt sthay i cbn vvai tr ca HS thch nghi

vi mi trng hc tp mi.

Vi mi trng hc tp c tnh ng dng CNTT&TT cao, m hnh lp

hc truyn thng s tng bin mt cng vi s xut hin tch cc ca m

hnh o to theo tn chp ng nhu cu x hi. Hquu vit ca phng

thc o to ny l chng mang li nhng li thtrong lin kt, lin thng o

to phong ph, kh thi hn nhiu so vi m hnh o to theo nin ch trc

y. Trong cc mi lin kt, lin thng , thit nghrt cn thit nghin cu v

khai thc slin thng tgio dc H vi gio dc phthng trong vic xc

lp v pht trin mi trng hc tp theo m hnh mi, khng chgii hn trongbn bc tng lp hc, m c thgi l khng bin gii, iu lm cho vtr

ca gio dc phthng c khng nh hn bao giht.

3. Tm li: Thai kha cnh ca mt gc nhn bn ngoi ging ng H

vbc tranh ton cnh o to lin thng theo HTTC, c th to ra nhng

bc t ph trong thc hin o to theo m hnh o to tn chcc trng


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H, Ccn nghin cu v c sgn kt mt cch hthng vi gio dc ph

thng. Cn to ra slin thng trong nhn thc, trong tchc v hot ng ca

nh trng phthng nhm mc tiu thch ng vi hnh thc o to tn chmt

cch thc cht ttm thn snhp cuc ca nh trng phthng, gip HS

c c phong cch, thi quen hc tp mi tch cc, chng v hiu quhn

theo ng ltrnh v ngha mong i ca o to tn ch.

C thni, hin nay nh trng H, Cqu ch trng n ngi thy

khi bn chuyn o to tn chm qun i schun bca SV ngay tkhi cn

ngi trn ghnh trng phthng cho mt chhc tp mi o to tn

ch. Thit ngh, vai tr ca nh trng ph thng v tr ny l ht sc quan

trng. Khai thc vai tr trng ph thng trong thi im ny l ht sc hptnh, hp l; y sl ngun xung lc quan trng gip gio dc phthng khng

nh vtr ca mnh v c nhng i mi mnh m, xng ng l trng hc c

s, l bc hc nn tng ca HS trc khi bc chn vo trng H, C.

Chuyn i o to tnin chsang tn ch, trn bnh din tng, tgc

nhn l lun nhn c sng tnh, ng hcao tnh nc v x hi, th

khng c l do g cc trng H, Cli nh trng phthng ng ngoi

cuc. Bi hn ht nh trng ph thng hiu rt r ch c cch tip cn, lin

thng vi phng php, mi trng hc tp theo hc chtn chth cht lnggio dc ca nh trng phthng mi c csci thin v nng cao; gio

dc phthng mi c bc chuyn mnh thch ng vi quy trnh o to tn ch.

Song y cng l mt thch thc ln nu cc trng H, Ckhng pht hin v

khng nh slin thng c bit ny.


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HTHNG TCH LY V CHUYN I TN CHCHU U

V PHNG HNG HI NHP CA VIT NAM

Phm ThLy1

Trngi hc Sphm Tp.HCM

Nm 2009 nh du mt ct mc trong qu trnh hi nhp quc t c

kyyeu_hoithao_20pt

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