aupBogqw sMquln(CONSUMER’s EQUILIBRIUM)

pySkrqw;bldyv isMG

lYkcrwr ieknwimkss.s.s.s.huiSAwrpur

swihbzwdw AjIq isMG ngr[1

aupBogqw dy sMquln dw ArQsImq Awmdn, v`D qoN v`D sMquStI,siQqI nMU nw bdlxw[

pirBwSw;“ie`k aupBogqw aus smyN sMquln iv`c huMdw hY jdoNauh AwpxI Awmdn Aqy bwzwr kImqW qo pRwpqsMquStI nMU AiDkqm kr lYNdw hY”[

sYimaUlsn(Samuleson)

do mu`K ivcwrDwrwvW ; (A)quStIgux ivSlySx (Utility Analysis)

(B) audwsIn vkr ivSlySx (Indifference Curve Analysis)2

(A)aupBogI dy sMquln dw quStIguxivSlySx

(Utility Analysis of Consumer’s Equilibrium)quStIgux /aupXoigqw dw ArQ;

vsqU jW syvw dw auh gux, ijhVw aupBogI dIloV nMU sMquSt krn dI SkqI r`Kdw [

“quStIgux iksy vsqU dI auh SkqI hY jo loVW dIsMquStI krdI hY”[ ihbfn

“quStIgux auh sMquStI hY ijs nMU koeIivAkqI aupBog dy PlsrUp pRwpq krdw hY”[

ilpsI3

iPSr ny quStIgux dy mwp dI iekweI vjoNXuitl (Util) Sbd dw pRXog kIqw[

4

quStIgux dIAWiksmW

sImWqquStIgux

ku`lquStIgux

sImWq quStIgux (Marginal Utility)iksy vsqU dI ie`k hor iekweI dy aupBognwl ku`l quStIgux iv`c jo pirvrqn AwauNdwhY [

∆TU

sImWq quStIgux = -----∆Q

sImWq quStIgux= TUn - TUn-1

(i)Dnwqmk (ii) isPr(iii) irxwqmk

5

ku`l quStIgux (Total Utility)iksy vsqU dIAW swrIAW iekweIAW qoN imlxvwly quStIgux dw joV [ku`l quStIgux= TU =MU1st+ MU2nd+ MU3rd+ MU4th+ MU5th

6

mwnqwvW (Asumptions)

1. ivcwrSIl aupBogqw (Rational consumer)

2.igxqIvwck aupXoigqw (Cardinal Utility)

3.suqMqr aupXoigqw (Independent Utility)

4.mudrw dI sImWq aupXoigqw siQr hY[5.rucIAW siQr[6.kImq Aqy Awmdn siQr[7.pUrn igAwn[8.vsqUAW vMfxSIl [

7

8

ku`l quStIgux Aqy sImWq quStIguxiv`c sbMD

nvpRMprwvwdI ArQSwsqrI jYvns(Jevnos)nyivAwiKAw kIqI[

ku`l quStIgux iksy vsqU dIAW iviBMn iekweIAWqoN pRwpq sImWq quStIgux dw joV ;

TU= ∑MU

ku`l quStIgux= TU5th =MU1st+ MU2nd+ MU3rd+ MU4th+ MU5th

9

mwqrw ku`lquStIgux

sImWqquuStIguxW

vrxn

0 0 0

Dnwqmk1 8 8-0 = 8

2 14 14-8 = 6

3 18 18-14 = 4

4 20 20-18 = 2

5 20 20- 20 = 0 isPr6 18 18-20 = - 2 irxwqmk

ku`l quStIgux Aqy sImWq quStIgux iv`c sbMD

10

8

14

18

20

Uti

lity

1 2 3 4 5

Quantity

F G

TU

Y

XO6

TOTAL UTILITY

11

2

4

6

8

Uti

lity

1 2 3 4 5

Quantity

MY

XO

-2

6

U

Marginal Utility

Zero

+ve

- ve

12

8

14

18

20

Uti

lity

1 2 3 4 5

Quantity

G

TU

Y A

O6

F

Quantity

Uti

lity

MU

2

4

6

8

O1 2 3 4 5 6

-2

X

X

B

mwqrw ku`lquStIgux

sImWqquuStIguxW

vrxn

0 0 0

Dnwqmk

1 8 8-0 = 8

2 14 14-8 = 6

3 18 18-14 = 4

4 20 20-18 = 2

5 20 20- 20 = 0 isPr

6 18 18-20 = - 2 irxwqmk

ku`l quStIgux (TU) Aqy sImWq quStIgux(MU) iv`c sbMD

(i)jdoN MU G`tdI hY qW TU G`tdI dr qy v`DdI hY[(ii)jdoN MU isPr huMdI hY qW TU AiDkqm huMdI hY[(iii)jdoN MU irxwqmk huMdI hY qW TU G`txw SurUkrdI hY[

do inXm;(i) G`tdy sImWq quStIgux dw inXm

(Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility)

(ii) sm-sImWq quStIgux dw inXm(Law of Equi-Marginal Utility)

13

14

(A) G`tdy sImWq quStIgux dw inXm(Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility)

gosn dw pihlw inXmlgwqwr iekweIAW dw aupBog krn nwlhryk vwDU iekweI qoN pRwpq quStIgux G`tdwjWdw hY[aupBogI aunIAW iekweIAW KrIddw jdoNvsqU dI sImWq iekweI dw quStIgux, kImqdy brwbr huMdw hY[

MU= Price

ieQy sMquln iv`c Aqy sMqStI AiDkqm huMdI

15

(B) sm-sImWq quStIgux dw inXm(Law of Equi- Marginal Utility)

jy aupBogI v`D qoN v`D sMquStI pRwpq krnwcwhuMdw hY ,auh AwpxI mudrw nMU v`KrIAWvsqW qy ies qrHW Krc krnw cwhIdw hY ikhr vsqu qy mudrw-Krc dw sImWq quStIguxbrwbr hovy[ v`D qoN v`D sMquStI dw inXm[ pRqIsQwpn dw inXm[ ( Law of Substitution)

16

G`tdy sImWq quStIgux dw inXm dI mh`qqw(Significance of Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility)

(i) aupBog dy inXmW dw AwDwr; mMg dw inXm, sm-sImWq aupXoigqw Aqy aupBogqw vwDw(Consumer surplus)[

(ii) aupBog Aqy auqpwdn iv`c iviBMnqw; auqpwdk vsqUAW dy ifzweIn, gux pYikMg iv`cpirvrqn leI mzbUr huMdy[

(iii) kr dw AwDwr; Awmdn vwDy nwl AmIrWiv`c Dn dI sImWq aupXoigqw Gtx lgdI [

17

G`tdy sImWq quStIgux dw inXm dI mh`qqw(Significance of Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility)

(iv)smwjvwd dw AwDwr; AmIr lokW pwsoN DngrIb lokW pws pirvrqn krn dw suJwA[

(v)mu`l inrDwrx; jy auqpwdk AiDk vsqUAWvycxw cwhuMdw qW kImq G`t krnI pvygI[

(vi)aupBogqw leI mh`qv: auh ie`k hI vsqU qyAiDk Krc nhIN krdw[

(vii)aupXoigqw mu`l Aqy vtWdrw mu`l iv`cAMqr; pwxI qy hIry dw AMqr[

aupBogqw dy sMquln dw inrDwrx(i)ie`k vsqU nwl (Single Commodity Case)(ii) do vsqUAW nwl (Two Commodity Case)

(i)ie`k vsqU nwl ;KrIdx leI kImq Adw krnI , iqAwg bdly kuJ aupXoigqw pRwpq

G`tdI sImWq aupXoigqw inXm Anuswr hrykvwDU iekweI dy aupBog qoN pRwpq hox vwlI sMquStIG`tdI jWdI hY[pr mudrw dI aupXoigqw siQr rihMdI hY[

18

aupBogqw dy sMquln dw inrDwrx

isAwxw aupBogI vsqU dw aupBog aus sImwq`k vDweygw, ijQy

AwKrI iekweI qoN pRwpq sImWq aupXoigqw,mudrw(kImq) dI sImWq aupXoigqw dy brwbr hovy[ieh sMquln dI AvsQw hovygI[

MU= Price

19

aupBogqw dy sMquln dw inrDwrx

20

vsqU AdIAW

iekweIAW

vsqU A

qoN pRwpqquStIgux

Adw kIqIkImq vjoNiqAwgI

aupXoigqw

quStIgux pRwpqI -iqAwgI aupXoigqw

iv`c AMqr

1 50 20 +302 40 20 +203 30 20 +104 20

(MUA)

20=(PA)

0

5 10 20 -10

21

10

20

30

50U

tili

ty

1 2 3 4 5

Quantity A

Y

XO 6

40

U

P

MU=Price

E

M

aupBogqw dy sMquln dw inrDwrx(ii) do vsqU nwl (Two Commodity Case) sImq Awmdn nMU ie`k qoN v`D vsqW qy Krckrdw hY[

do vsqW qoN pRwpq sImWq aupXoigqw dI qulnwkrdw hY[

aus qy Krc krdw jo v`D aupXoigqw idMdI hY[

sm-sImWq quStIgux dy inXm Anuswr sMqulniv`c hovygw jdoN dohW vsqW qoN pRwpq sImWqquStIgux brwbr hovygw[

22

aupBogqw dy sMquln dw inrDwrx(ii) do vsqU nwl (Two Commodity Case)

G`tdI sImWq aupXoigqw dy inXm Anuswr AiDkmwqrw iv`c vsqU dw aupBog krn nwl sImWqaupXoigqw G`tdI jWdI hyY [

aupBogqw vsqU dI KrId bMd kr idMdw hyY jdoNdUjI vsqU qoN sImWq aupXogqw G`t ho jWdI hY[

G`t sImWq aupXoigqw vwlI dI QW v`D sImWqaupXoigqw vwlI vsqU dw pRqIsQwpn krdw hY[

23

aupBogqw dy sMquln dw inrDwrx

24

Krc kIqyrupey

vsqU A qoNpRwpq sImWqquStIgux

MUA

vsqU B

qoN pRwpq sImWqquStIgux

MUB

1 14 122 12 103 10 84 8 6

5 6 4

25

1 2 4 5

Commodity

A

Uti

lity

M U

2

4

6

8

O12345 X

Commodity

B

14

10

12

3

M U of

A M U of

B

K

J ME H

F

G

L

X1

vsqU A dI sImWq aupXoigqw= vsqU B dIsImWq aupXoigqw =10 iekweIMUA = MUB = 10 Units

MUA = MUB = MU of Money

MUA MUB

---- = ----- = MU of Money

PA PB

26

pRIiKAw dy nzrIey qoN pRSnQ 1.ku`l aupXoigqw iks nMU ikhw jWdw hY?Q 2.sImWq aupXoigqw iks nMU ikhw jWdw hY?Q 3.ku`l aupXoigqw Aqy sImWq aupXoigqw iv`c

sbMD dw vrnx kro[ Q4.aupBogqw dy sMquln qoN kI Bwv hY?Q5.ie`k vsqU dy sbMD iv`c aupBogqw dy sMquln dI

ivAwiKAw kro[Q6.do vsqW dy sbMD iv`c aupBogqw dy sMquln dI

ivAwiKAw kro[Q7.G`tdI sImWq aupXoigqw dy inXm dI

ivAwiKAw kro[27

pRIiKAw dy nzrIey qoN pRSn

28

vrqIAWiekweIAW

ku`laupXoigqw

sImWqaupXoigqw

0 01 102 253 384 485 55

Q8.rwkyS dIku`l aupXoigqwsUcI hyTW id`qIgeI hY[aus dIsImWq aupBogqwpqw kro[

pRIiKAw dy nzrIey qoN pRSnau`qr;

29

vrqIAWiekweIAW

ku`l aupXogqw sImWq aupXogqw

0 0 01 10 10-0= 102 25 25-10= 153 38 38-25= 134 48 48-38= 105 55 55-48= 7

DMnvwd

pySkS ; bldyv isMG lYkcrwr ieknwimkss.s.s.s. huiSAwrpur

swihbzwdw AjIq isMG ngr[84270-04513

30