l a n d e s u m w e l t a m t n o r d r h e i n – w e s t f a l e n autorenname, fachbereich...
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L a n d e s u m w e l t a m t N o r d r h e i n – W e s t f a l e n
Autorenname, Fachbereich
Sabine Wurzler
High population density and heavy industry: the challenge for air quality
management in NRW
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Requirements of the first daughter directive
•Monitoring at background and hotspot locations• If limit value plus margin of tolerance exceeded Clean air plans•Source apportionment by modeling and measurements•Prognosis of air quality for 2005 (PM10) and 2010 (NO2)
•Baseline Scenario•With measures
•Measures effective?
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3 clean air plans (basis 2002): Duisburg (PM10), Düsseldorf, and Hagen (NO2)
NRW
The Nether-lands
Belgium
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PM10 annual averages in NRW 2002 (measurements)
Regional background:
25 µg/m3
Total background at Duisburg:
27 µg/m3
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Annual PM10 emissions in the northern part of Duisburg [t/yr]
Emission inventory 2000
Clean air plan Duisburg
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Northern part of Duisburg: measurement site
Residential areas
Residential areas
Steel mill
Sinter plants
Blast furnaces
Coking plant
Ore winning
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Northern part of Duisburg: PM10 exceedances in 2002
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Northern Part of Duisburg:Cause analysis: PM10
2002Regional back-ground 51%
Shipping traffic 3%
Offroad and rail traffic < 1%
Industry 39%
Heating < 1%
Road traffic 6%
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Northern part of Duisburg: PM10 source apportionment by measurements (wind and concentration data)
0,0
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192021
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3435 36 1
3
2
South 180°
Southern industry 155°-205°
Old coking plant, southern blast furnaces (Thyssen) 215°- 355°
Measurement site
North 0° Steel mill, sinter plants, northern blast furnaces (Thyssen) 355°- 35°
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PM10: Modelled Annual Average over Central Europe
Baseline Szenario 2002 2005
EURAD-Model, Resolution 25 x 25 km2 (www.eurad.uni-koeln.de)PM10 (µg/m3)
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Northern part of Duisburg: prognosis of PM10 load
*Measures: closedown of old coking plant, modernisation of blast furnaces and other steel mill parts
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Conclusions
PM10:• High regional background concentrations (> 50%, 25 µg/m3) Episode days•The PM10 exceedances are industry and background induced.•Local efforts and measures will help but won’t solve the problem•A combination of Europe-wide and local measures is called for
Workday
Worksday > 50 µg/m3
Saturday
Sunday
Ideal Sunday
PM10
(µg/
m3 )
Quass, Kuhlbusch, Koch 2004
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NO2 annual average in NRW in 2002 (measurements)
Regional background: 20 µg/m3
Urban background at Düsseldorf:
30 µg/m3
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Düsseldorf Cornelius-Street,
measurement site
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Düsseldorf Cornelius-Street: NO2 exceedances in 2002
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Düsseldorf Cornelius-Street:Source apportionment: NO2 in 2002
2002Regional back-ground 36%
Shipping traffic 5%
Offroad and rail traffic < 1%
Industry 1%
Heating 3%
Road traffic 53%
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Düsseldorf Cornelius-Street:Baseline szenario: NO2 in 2010
Traffic 56%
Regional background 31%
Urban contribution 13%
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Düsseldorf Cornelius-Street:Measures for NO2 reduction in 2010
Reduction of heavy duty vehicles, low emission busses, less stop and go.
Contribution to trafficContribution to NOx emission (baseline szenario 2010)
94,3%
53%
3,6% 1,4% Cars and motorcycles
Light duty vehicles
Busses
Heavy duty vehicles
0,8%
5%
21%
21%
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Conclusions
NO2:•High total background concentrations (> 50%, 20 µg/m3)•The NO2 exceedances are traffic induced.•More “home made” than PM10 •Local efforts and measures can solve part of the problem•A combination of Europe-wide and local efforts would still be an asset
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Acknowledgements
Thank you very much for your attention and for the invitation to the workshop!
I thank •all my colleagues from LUA •RIU EURAD•IUTAwho contributed to this talk!
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Open questions
PM10 exceedances measured in 2003: Clean air plans? Action plans?Action plans: Proceeding? Similar to clean air plans?In NRW up to 10 action plans may come up in 2005.
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Northern part of Duisburg: time evolution of PM10 load
Partial closedown of a coking plant: Reduktion of particle load
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Northern part of Duisburg: cause analysis: PM10
2005
Regional back-ground 54%
Industry 43%
Urban contribution 3%
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NO2: Modelled Annual Average over Central Europe
Baseline Szenario 2002 2010
EURAD-Model, Resolution 25 x 25 km2
NO2 (µg/m3)