l os verbos juicy an overview of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense
TRANSCRIPT
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LOS VERBOS
JUICYAn overview of stem-
changing and irregular verbs in the preterite past tense
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THE PRETERITE PAST TENSE IN SPANISH IS MADE UP OF DIFFERENT CATEGORIES
OF VERBS:
1. Verbs that have regular past tense endings
2. Verbs that have regular past tense endings but get a spelling change
3. Verbs are irregular in their spelling and their endings
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REVIEW OF REGULAR PRETERITE VERBS:
-ar verb endings: yo -é nosotros/as –amos tú -aste
ud/él/ella -ó uds/ellos/as – aron
-er/ir verb endings: yo -í nosotros/as –imos tú -iste
ud/él/ella -ió uds/ellos/as – ieron
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CONJUGATE THE FOLLOWING VERBS IN THE PRETERITE.
1) Ayer, nosotros __________ (correr) en el parque.
2) Ellos ___________ (mirar) una película anteayer.
3) Una vez yo ___________ (viajar) a Miami.
4) Nosotros ___________ (pasar) tres días en Costa Rica.
5) ¿___________ (recibir) tú un regalo?
6) Yo ___________ (vender) mi coche el año pasado.
7) Marta ___________ (escribir) una carta.
8) Miguel ___________ (comprar) la leche y el pan.
9) Tú ____________ (hablar) con Marisol esta mañana.
10) Ustedes __________ (beber) todo el jugo ayer.
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CONJUGATE THE FOLLOWING VERBS IN THE PRETERITE.
1) Ayer, nosotros corrimos en el parque.
2) Ellos miraron una película anteayer.
3) Una vez yo viajé a Miami.
4) Nosotros pasamos tres días en Costa Rica.
5) ¿Recibiste tú un regalo?
6) Yo vendí mi coche el año pasado.
7) Marta escribió una carta.
8) Miguel compró la leche y el pan.
9) Tú hablaste con Marisol esta mañana.
10) Ustedes bebieron todo el jugo ayer.
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CATEGORIZING PRETERITE VERBS WITH
IRREGULARITIES:
JUICY
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THE J STEMS When conjugated, the following verbs get j’s as part of
their stems:
Infinitive Stem English meaningdecir dij- to say, telltraer traj- to bringtraducir traduj- to translateconducir conduj- to
driveproducir produj- to produce
Endings:yo – e nosotros/as – imostú – iste
ud./él/ella – o uds./ellos/as - eron
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THE U STEMS When conjugated, the following verbs get u’s as part of their
stems:Infinitive Stem English meaningtener tuv- to haveestar estuv- to beandar anduv- to walkpoder pud- to be able toponer pus- to put, place, setsaber sup - to knowcaber cup - to fithaber hub - to be
Endings:yo – e nosotros/as – imostú – iste
ud./él/ella – o uds./ellos/as - ieron
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THE I STEMS
When conjugated, the following verbs get i’s as part of their stems:
Infinitive Stem English meaning
querer quis- to want
venir vin- to come
hacer hic-/hiz- to do, make
Endings:
yo – e nosotros/as – imos
tú – iste
ud./él/ella – o uds./ellos/as - ieron
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LOS CAMBIOS VERBS WITH SPELLING
CHANGES
There are 3 groups of verbs that get regular preterite endings but have spelling changes:
I.-Car/-Gar/-Zar
(Verbs that end with –car, -gar, or –zar and have a spelling change in the yo form only)
II.I to Y Verbs
(Verbs that have an I to y spelling change in the 3rd person forms.)
III.Sandal Verbs
(Not unlike present tense boot verbs, these get a spelling change in the 3rd person forms.)
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LOS VERBOS –CAR/GAR/ZARVerbs that end in –car (sacar), -gar (pagar) or –zar (comenzar) get a spelling change in the preterite yo form only.
A.-Car Verbs: The c changes to qu
Example: sacar
yo saqué nosotros sacamos
tú sacaste
ella sacó ellos sacaron
Examples of other –car verbs: buscar, pescar, tocar, secar(se), practicar
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-CAR/GAR/ZAR VERBS CONTINUED…
B. -Gar Verbs: Get a –gué
Example: pagar
yo pagué nosotros pagamos
tú pagaste
Ud. pagó Uds. Pagaron
Other –gar verbs: jugar, llegar, entregar
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-CAR/GAR/ZAR VERBS CONTINUED…
C. -Zar Verbs: The z changes to c
Example: comenzar
yo comencé nosotros comenzamos
tú comenzaste
él comenzó ellas comenzaron
Other –zar verbs: empezar, cruzar, organizar, almorzar
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I TO Y VERBS
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“SANDAL VERBS” (STEM-CHANGING VERBS)
Remember boot verbs in the present tense? These are similar because they have a stem change in the preterite tense. Notice that the stem change only occurs in the 3rd person forms. Instead of a boot, we have a flat sandal!
Examples: pedir dormir
pedí pedimos dormí dormimos
pediste dormiste
pidió pidieron durmió durmieron
Other sandal verbs include:
(e-i) pedir, servir, preferir, vestirse, competir, seguir, conseguir
(o-u) dormir, morir
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Y… AND…THE OTHER IRREGULARS
These verbs follow their own set of rules! No accents!
The Twins: Identical in the preterite
ir and ser fui fuimos fuiste fue fueron
How do you tell them apart?
Context!
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Y… THE OTHER IRREGULARS
CONTINUED
The Cousins: You can tell they’re related but they are not identical.
dar ver di dimos vi vimos
diste viste dio dieron vio vieron
*Dar “inherited” ver’s –er preterite endings. *Neither dar nor ver have accents.