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11 L IVUfJi /nfJ~ft Ur) Form 10·300 UNITEDS1. _S DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
iE:
(Rev. 6·72) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE North Carolina COUNTY:
NATION ST R HI I Caswell INVENTORY '- NOMII'<IATION FORM FOR N PS USE ONLY
E.NTRY DATE (Type all entr:ies - complete applicable sections)
r1.:N~ME .:<;.::: .. .- >:' . . <. ~'?YT: ,;;,:.: ;·':"'T0 . . -:r::>.p ~
C OMMOI~:
Yellow Tavern AND/OR HISTORIC:
';Union Tavern 12. LOCATION .\:::'.
-T STREE-~ AND NUMBER:
~ ~~~nTOS:~~et, South side between Lee Street and Farmerls Allev CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT:
Milton Second S 1 t. T 1.: I CODE' COUNTY: I CODE
North Carolina J 37 Caswell r 033 13. CLASSIFICATION
CATEGORY OWNfRSHIP ST ATUS
ACC ESSI BLE
(CheCK One) TO THE PUBLIC
[- I -, District 1&1 Bui Iding 0 Public Public Acquisition: ~1 Occupied Yes:
r:J Sitp. =:J Structure IZJ Private 0 In Process 0 Unoccupied 0 Restricted
0 Object 0 Both 0 Being Considered o Preservation work 0 Unrestricted
in progress ~ No
PRESENT U!.E (ChpCK One or More as Appropriate i
I ~: Agricultural 0 Government 0 Pork 0 T ranllportati on o Comments
Commercial 0 Industrial 0 Private Res idence o Other (Specify)
I ,-1 Educational 0 Military :-J Religious
CJ Entertainment 0 Museum 0 Scientific
[4. OWNER OF PROPERTY .
TOWNER'S NAME: Z ut -I
I Mrs. Mary Pulliam 8-,.. -I fY1 STREET AND NUMBER: ::r
Main Street () c CI T Y OR TOWN: STATE: CODF .., 0
Milton North Carolina 37 ~ 15. LOCATION OF ~eGAL OES.CRIPTION
.. c COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC:
jl Caswell County Courthouse () c STREET AND NUMBER: f.I'I
Courthouse SQuare ~ .. Cb
CI TY OR TOWN: STATE CODE
Yanceyville North Carolina 37 ~. ]tEPR~S~~IA.TI.~ fN EXl$TIH~.SURVEYS .. :::Si .. ::': :.,
TITLE OFSURVEV: fY1 Z -I l!
OAT E 0 F SU R V E V : 0 F.d.rol 0 Stat. 0 County 0 locol -< Z
DEPOSI TORY FOR SURVE Y RECORDS: C ~ 01 III
STREET AND NUMBER: :D
CITY OR TOWN: STATE.: r CODE I--10-
r 0 » ... III
I
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Z IJ tI'
C tI' m 0 Z r -<
DESCRIPTION
o Excellent 0 [8 Fair
(Check On~)
o Deteriorated o Ruins CONDITION ~-------------- ----------.-----------------------------~ (Chflck One) (Check One)
o Unah4llv.d 0 Mo ..... d ~ Orilllinal Site
DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (II known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
The information on th is Stokes of the Division Arch , Raleigh, North Carolina ..
The Union Tavern is an I structure I design set directly on Main Street, west the crest of the hill, in Milton .. The two-story gabled brick bui Iding is six bays and two bay with a wing at the south-ast (rear) comer, a porch on the east and a brick and wing on the west side. The brick of the facade is laid in Flemish bond, and that of the remain ing three sides is la id in one-to ... three common bond ..
The most striking features Of the main (north) facade are the three entrances in the second, fourth I and sixth bays from the left, each entrance being a round-arched opening with a molded architrave, a twelve-light fanlight, and raised-paneled soffits and reveals. The center and west fanlights still retain the delicate, elaborately worked metal sunbursts which originally highlighted the hub of each. The outer entrances are double
, door:;, each leaf with three flat pane Is, and the center entrance is a single flat-pane led door. At both levels of the facade are nine-over-nine sash windows set within wide molded arch itraves. The first ... story windows are surmounted by stuccoed flat brick arches with keystones, and the second-story windowns are surmounted by flat brick arches .. Raised paneled shutters hung on iron strap hinges flank the first floor windows • Standing seam tin covers the gable roof.. There are four interior brick chimneys: one on the east side f one on the rear, and two on the west side.
The staggered placement of openings and the patched appearance of the brickwork of the rear elevation indicated alteration. Single doors occur in the center bay of the first story and in the west bay at both levels. The window architraves are simpler than those of the facade, and the sash at both levels has been changed. Flat arches surmount each opening .. The rear eaves are'plain and the gable eaves are outlined by plain raking corn ices.. The west side elevation has no openings.. In the front bay of the east side in the first story is a single door, and in the rear bay is a floor-length sash window.. The five-bay one story east side porch with Doric posts supporting a hipped tin roof, with a railing of turned balusters, is a later addition, as is the rear wing. West of the main facade is a one-bay brick continuation of the facade wall, also laid in Flemish bond, but without rear walls and roof .. The only opening in this wall segment, a single door, has a flat-paneled soffit and reveals.. A twentieth century one-story frame shed addition now stands behind this wall segment.. The wall is perhaps the remains of a commerical or residential wing, either contemporary to the main structure or an early addition ..
The interior of the tavern follows a center .... hall plan at both levels. On each side . of the narrow first ... floor hall is a great room with a wooden post-and-Ii ntel arch is now
infi lied by a partition wa II.. The second-floor ha II opens into two bed-chambers on each
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- -----.------.--------------------------------- Jt::CJ /::;{).
Form 10·3000 (July 1969)
(Number .11 entrlea)
UN: ,,) STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NA TIONAL PARK SERVICE
NATIONAL HI L
e NOMINATION
CantiinlUtltic)ll Sheet)
Page 2
rATE
COUNTY
FOR NPS USE ONL...,. Y ___ .....j
ENTRY NUMBER DATE
side. Although the trim has undergone much a during the buildingls chong ing roles, enough of the original remains to determine that the motifs of the ex-terior were continued on the • The interior walls are plastered, above molded baseboards, and the lings are wood-sheathed, although in every room except the south ... east room on the first floor the ings have been covered with pressed tin in a variety of patterns .. If cornices were originally present, they were probably removed when the ceilings were covered with tin.. Wide, three-port molded architraves surround the openings, and each door contains six fiat panels. The stair, which rises in two flights at the rear of the hall against the west wall, is protected by a plain railing, with a square newel, slender pilasters, and a shaped handrail.
GPO 921.724
PERIOD (Check On., or ApptoptrA.te)
o Pre-Columbian: 0 16th Century
o '5th C.ntury 0 17th Century
SPECIFIC DATE(S) (lfApplic.ble 4!lndKnown) 1848-1658 AREAS OF SIGNI FICANCE (Check One or Mor., as Appropriate)
Abof i9ino/
o Prehistoric
o Historic
o Agriculture
~ Architecture
o Art
rn Commerce
o Communications
o Conservation
STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE
o Education
o Engineering
119 Indull try
0 Invention
0 Londscape
Architecture
0 Literoture
0 Militory
0 Music
..
o 18th Century
Q!J 19th Century
o Politicol
o Religion/Phi
losophy
0 Science
0 Sculpture
0 Socia I/Humon-
i'arian
0 Theater
0 Transportation
o 20th Century
DUrban Plonning
~ Other (Specify)
Afro-Ameri can history
The Union Tavern, locally known as the Yellow Tavern, is architecturally one of the finest of the few known taverns still in existence in North Carolina. The tavern
~ years are extremely colorful, but the building is best known for its association with :z Thomas Day, the free black cabinetmaker born in Virgin ia in 1801 .
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Records show that Thomas Day was operating a workshop as early as 1818, and that in 1823 he moved to Milton where he later c~erted the old tavern into a studio. During these early years Day trained the slaves of wealthy whites and employed a few white apprentices to assist him in his expanding business. However, as soon as the slaves became proficient I their owners called them home; thus, to maintain a permanent staff I Day became a slaveholder himself.
By 1834 Thomas Day's career was firmly established.. He had many wealthy custo'" mers, including the governor of North Carolina. It was his privilege to visit many of the finer homes of the area, often staying as long as a week designing and plann ing the furnishings of each room. By the mid-nineteenth century his workshop had the largest production volume and greatest number of apprentices in the state. His fine furniture with its distinctive large-scale Empire styling enlivened by sinuous curves and unusually three-dimensional classical ornaments of apparent African-inspired styl zation, was in demand throughout the northern Piedmont of North Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia" Interior architectural trim, such as mantels and newel posts, exhibiting his characteristic exuberant geometric and curvilinear patterns appears in several Milton residences as well as in the finer mid-century farmhouses throughout Caswe II County.
Thomas Doy's success in his trade brought him equa I success in his private life co Day married Aquilla Wilson, a free black woman from Virginia.. A North Carolina law in force at that time prohibited the immigration of blacks into North Carolina.. Being unable to bring his wife to live with him in Milton, Day threatened to leave the state .. In an effort to keep the gifted craftsman in the area, Milton citizens presented a petition to the General Assembly asserting his value to the town and state .. As a result, the legislature exempted Day's wife from the law" Another example of his personal success is reflected in the bargain between Day and the Mi It on Presbyterian Church of which
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form 10·3000 (July 1969)
UNI" STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
ATIOHAL
(Nwnber all fSnfrJelf) "8 _
NA TIONAl PARK SERVICE
Ie NOMINATION FORM
(Continuation Sheet)
COUNTY
FOR NPS USE ONLY -.--------1 ENTRY NU .... BER DATE
he was a member. Day handsome church of walnut, yellow popular and pine with gracefu By curved arms in exchange for the privi of sitting in the main area of the church auditorium to wh only.
Thomas Da/s success was not the result of a monopoly on cabin'etwork in Milton. Milton's cultural milieu supported a sizeable colony of craftsmen whose shops were a conspicuous feature of the town. The skills of Day's competitors were varied and well advertised. Thomas Day, however, is the best known nineteenth century North Carol ina cabinet maker.
An Anti~lJarian article (September 1928), in describing Thomas Day, stated "Thomas Day, an issue free Negro and owner of Negro slaves lived at a time and in a country where Anglo-Saxon supremacy precluded recognition of the Negro race save as laborers ... yet he mastered the difficulties of life and used the wonderful talent that was given him to design 'and build II Thomas Day, through determination, overcame the harsh prejudices of the dominant society. Through the development of his skills and the marketing of his talents he became nationally famous and accepted within that society. His talents and achievements were nationallyacknowledged and acclaimed during his lifetime and are still so today. Both the man and his work deserve national commemoration. The Union Tavern, nominated for h is commemoration was the workshop studio Day used while in Milton.
GPO 9 21 "72" /~7.
----------.. _. ------ . " .. ----
groups: Wi lis} House Joumal, North Little-Stokes, Ruth "Milton: and Interiors, II
(Spring 1973), pp. 3-16
Historical I Mi Iton Gazette and Roanoke Advertiser, I Robinson, Wilhelmena S. International
--------------------~----~~--------------~ 1 Negro Biographies. I I
r 10, GEOGRAPHICAL DATA (Partia I listing)
I,' LA TIT U DE -A-N-D-L-(")-N-G-I -T-U-D-E-C-O-O-R-D-I N-A-T-E s-----r-DEFINING A RECTANGLE: LOCATING THE PRooERTY 0
j-----.--------------~------------~IC-O-R--N-E-R4--_---L-~-T-IT-U--D~----~~----L-O-N-G-IT-U--D-E ____ ~
NW NE SE
Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds o
o 0
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R
Lo.TITU["'IE
DEFINING T .... '" \..I::.r, r:::'R POIN I OF A ;:>t'(OPERTY OF LESS THAN TFN ACRES
LATITUDE LONGI TUDE
Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds o
UT M: 17.660524.40 44960 I
iAPPROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY'
~L..~ STATE5 AND C~-~-;:;TIES -;';-~-;;OPERTI~;O --V-E-R-L-"-P-P-ING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES
iSTATF CODE COUNTY CODE
I I
STATE
CODE COUNTY:
("ODE COUNTY
CODE COUNTY:
CODE
COUE
CODE
;)I. FORM PREPARED BY NAME AN 0 TI TL E:
Marcia M. Greenlee, Historical Projects Director ORGAN' ":ATION
A fro-Arne ri ca n B i centenn ia I C orporat i on~ _____________ ---I~--L--':"'_-!.-___ --l STREET AND NUMBER:
CITY Of< TOWN: STATE CODE
Washington, D. C. 20005 11 ~------------------~------------------------------------~~~~ 12. STATE LIAISON OFFICER C RTfFICATION NATfONA·L REGISTERVERtFtCATfON
As the' des ~nated Stat c Liaison Officer for the Na
tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law
R9-6t>"), r hereby nominate this property for inclusion
In tho' National Register and certify that it has been
pvalu,dtc'd according to the ("-iteria and procedures set
forth bv the Nat ional Park SerVice, The recommended
level of significance of this nomll'wtion is:
f'ational 0 State 0 Local [-:-1
Name ________________________________________ __
Tith:·
Date ------------------------------------------
I he reby certify that this property is included in the
Netiona I Register.
Direc/or, OIlJclB of ArcheolollY Imd HIIII/oric Prel/ler'llat;on
ATTEST:
Keeper of The National Re~ister
uate ________________________________________ _
* U,S, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1973-729-147/1442 3-1
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NPS Form 10-900-/1 (3-82)
Continuation sheet Verbal Boundary Description Item number 10
UNION TAVERN
OMB No. 1024-0018 Expires 10-11-87
1
Beginning at a point on Broad Street where the fence line intersects, proceed east SO' along Broad Street to a point. Proceed south 120' between the Union Tavern and the Milton Fire Department to a point at the rear fenceline. Follow the fence west 80' to the corner of the fence, thence north 120' along the fence to the point of origin.
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