Presented To :

Ma’m Mahvish Mokal

Presented By:

Khawaja Shafique

Naila Hanif

DEPT. OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE THE UNIVERSITY OF LAHORE

Topic

L1 Interference

Introduction

Human learning is fundamentally a process that

involves the making of mistakes.

L2 learning is a process that is clearly not unlike L1

learning in its trial-and-error nature

L1 or Mother Tongue .

L1 is a speaker’s first language and it is also

known as mother tongue , first language and

native language.

L2 or second Language: This term is used

to refer to a language which is not a mother

tongue but which is used for certain

communicative functions in a society. It is

learned after the first language (L1) or mother

tongue. For example: English is a second

language in Pakistan

L1 Interference

L1 interference or language transfer

occurs when a learner’s primary language

influences his/her progress in the

secondary language.

Interference most commonly

affects pronunciation ,

grammar, structures,

vocabulary, and semantics.

Positive

Transfer

Negative

Transfer

Types of

Interference

Positive Transfer Negative Transfer

When the L1 and

L2 of the learners

have common rules,

it is called positive

transfer

Negative transfer

occurs when the

rules of L2 and L1

of the learners are

conflict with each

other. This is the

cause of numerous

mistakes that the L2

learners may

encounters

Example of negative Transfer:

English I like to read

Urdu I read to like

Example of positive Transfer:

Police is coming.

Police are coming.

Phonological interference:

Phonological interference is

a common type of

interference, its most

prominent manifestation

being a “foreign accent

including stress, rhyme,

intonation and speech

sounds from the first

language influencing the

second language”.

Lexical errors:

Meaning related words

that have similar or related

meanings are confused and

the wrong choice is made.

Syntactic

errors:

Grammatical

interference:

The include errors in

verb form and tenses

and in sentence

structure..

Grammatical

interference is defined

as the first language

influencing the second

in terms of word order,

use of pronouns, and

tense.

Syntactic

errors:

Grammatical

interference:

Factors that cause interference.

According to wienrich (1970:64-650)

Speakers bilingualism background.

Disloyalty to target language.

The limited vocabulary of TL mastered

by learner.

Needs of synonym.

Prestige and style.

According to Lott (1983: 258-59)

The interlingual factor.

The over extension of analogy.

Transfer of structure.

L1 INFLUENCE AND

LEARNER LANGUAGE

Learner’s knowledge of their L1 helps them to learn the

parts of the L2 that are similar to the L1.

The L1 may interact with learner’s developmental

sequences of the L2.

When learner's interlanguage form does not cause any

difficulty in communication meaning, they may find it

difficult to get rid it of . (i.e. fossilization)

Conclusion

Human learning is fundamentally a process that involves

the making of mistakes

First Language interference influences in learning the

target language. It has positive and negative effects. The

greater the differences between the two languages, the

more negative the effects of interference are likely to be.

Suggestion

It is important for teacher to know the differences and

similarities between learner’s native language and the target

language. By knowing them teacher will be easier to decide

what strategy, methodology or what material that will be used

in teaching second or foreign language