l1 renewable energy

7/28/2019 L1 Renewable Energy

1/25

MENG 01I02

Introduction to renewable energies


2/25

Renewable energy

Renewable energy is generated from natural sources which

are naturally replenished.

Three primary sources for renewables: the solar nuclear fusion process;

heat emerging from the core of the earth

energy from the rotation of the Earth and moon

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 2


3/25

Renewable energies technologies

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 3

Sun Moon-EarthEarths core

Solar

Wind

Hydro

Waves

Biomass

Geothermal Tidal waves

Renewable energysources overview


4/25

Why renewable energy?

Climate change scenario

Increasing of average temperature

Increase in sea level

Shrinkage of snow covers

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 4


5/25

Rising fossil fuel prices

Energy security

Production of local, clean, and inexhaustible energy

Growing demand for electricity, heat, and transportation fuel

The fossil energy sources coal, crude oil and natural gas

provide more than 85% of the world primary energy demand

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 5

Why renewable energy?


6/25

Solar energy (Thermal collectors)

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 6

Evacuated tubesFlat plate collector Integrated Storage Collector

(ISC)


7/25


8/25

Solar thermal power (Concentrated)

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 8

Movable heliostats (mirrors) follow the sun to reflect the incoming

sun rays on a receiver. Steam is produced at the receiver. Steam passes over

a turbine to turn an electrical generator producing electricity

Central receiver or Power tower


9/25

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 9

Parabolic trough collectors.Working fluid is oil

Solar Dish withStirling engine


10/25

Solar chimney

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 10

1000m

5000 m


11/25

Solar power (Concentrated PV)

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 11

CPV Refractors

Lenses concentrate sun rays on photovoltaic cells

Cells must be cooled by air or water


12/25

Concentrated PV-thermal

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 12

CPVT reflectors

Fresnel mirrors Parabolic trough Solar dish


13/25

Wind power

Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of

energy

Wind turbines are used to produce electricity

Wind turbines are grouped to form wind farms either

on-land or off-shore

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 13


14/25

Hydro power

Hydropower, hydraulic power or water power is power that is

derived from the movement or falling of water

Hydro plants are classified into

Large Hydro - over 50 MW

Small Hydro - over 10 MW to 50 MW

Mini-hydro - 101 kW to 10 MW

Micro-hydro - up to 100 kW

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 14


15/25

Biomass

Biomass is biological material derived from living, or recently living

organisms. In the context of biomass for energy this is often used to

mean plant based material, but biomass can equally apply to both

animal and vegetable derived material.

Sources of biomass

Trees

Energy crops

Agriculture

Wastes & residues

Types of biomass system

Stoves & boilers

Anaerobic digestion

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 15


16/25

Geothermal power

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 16

Heat flows outward from

Earth's interior. The crust

insulates us from Earth's

interior heat. The mantle

is semi-molten, the outercore is liquid and the

inner core is solid. The

deeper you go, the hotter

it gets.


17/25

Tidal power

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 17

The tidal power is generated by thegravitational pull of the Moon onwater. Due to these gravitationalforces the water level follows aperiodic high and low. The heightof the tide produced at a givenlocation is the result of the

changing positions of the Moonand Sun relative to the Earthcoupled with the effects of Earthrotation and the local shape of thesea floor.

The tidal energy generator usesthis phenomenon to generateenergy. The higher the height ofthe tide the more promising it is toharness tidal energy.


18/25

Wave energy

Wave power is the transport of energy by ocean surface

waves, and the capture of that energy to do useful work

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 18


19/25

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

Ocean thermal energy

conversion (OTEC) uses the

difference between cooler

deep and warmer shallow

waters to run a heat engine

Temperature is difference is

around 20oC occurring over

a few hundred meters.

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 19


20/25

World energy status

Renewable energy share of global final energy

consumption for 2008

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 20


21/25

Share of global electricity from renewables

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 21


22/25

Solar PV existing capacity

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 22

Global total installations: 21 GW


23/25


24/25

2010 R.E. technologies cost in US cents per kW.h

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 24


25/25

MENG01I02- 2010/2011 25

l1 renewable energy

Documents