l18 internet of things

LECTURE L18INTERNET OF THINGS

“Some have suggested that the internet of things “changes everything,” but that is a dangerous

oversimplification.”

- Michael E. Porter & James E. Heppelmann

The next revolution has started

Everyday object get sensors and software and connect to the internet

Revolutions

1947

Programmable all-purpose electronic commuters start to have impact on big businesses and government

Automation starts, jobs get lost

IBM mainframes

1965

Minicomputers allow mid-sized companies and academia to have time shared computing power

Automation continues

1981

Personal Computer allowed small companies and individuals to own and program comptuers

Generative platform

Opened up a huge revolution - created a new industry

1995

The Internet opened up a new way for people to communicate and exchange data

Created new industries, transformed businesses

2007

The smartphone revolution takes off with new possibilities

Computing power 50.000 times the PDP-8 is now in people’s pocket

Constant access to the Internet

Revolutions

All of these waves cause jobs to be eliminated and productivity to be dramatically increased

1947 Mainframe computers 1965 Minicomputers 1981 Personal Computer 1995 Internet 2007 Smartphone

18 years 16 years 14 years 12 years 10 years?

Revolutions

Now we are approaching the end of the Smartphone Revolution

The Third Wave of IT

IT is now integral part of the product themselves

Embedded sensors, processors, software, and connectivity in products, coupled with a product cloud in which product data is stored and analyzed and some applications are run, are driving dramatic improvements in product functionality and performance.

Source: HBR

Adjacent Possible

The Impact of the Smartphone

Smartphone revolution starts 2007

Contains multiple of sensors

Barometer to sense air pressure and relative elevationAccelerometer to measure distance by walking or runningGyroscope to measure orientation

Information spillover

Processors and sensors

Processors and sensors are now widely available and cheap

Examples Raspberry pi computer, Arduino

By 2020 a cumulative 100 billion processorswill have been shipped, each capable of processing information and communicating

(Source: Ericsson)

Things get connected

Physical components comprise the product’s mechanical and electrical parts

Smart components comprise the sensors, microprocessors, data storage, controls, software, and, typically, an embedded operating system and enhanced user interface

Connectivity components comprise the ports, antennae, and protocols enabling wired or wireless connections with the product

Smart Connected Things

Connectivity takes three forms, which can be present together:

One-to-one: An individual product connects to the user, the manufacturer, or another product through a port or other interface

One-to-many: A central system is continuously or intermittently connected to many products simultaneously

Many-to-many: Multiple products connect to many other types of products and often also to external data sources

Connectivity

Product

Things can be anything

Source: HBR

1. Product

Source: HBR

1. Product

2. Smart product

ProcessorsSensorsSoftware

Source: HBR

1. Product

2. Smart product


3. Smart connected product


Source: HBR

1. Product

2. Smart product


3. Smart connected product


Source: HBR

Farmequipment

system

Planters

Tillers

Trackors

Combineharvesters

4. Ecosystem

Source: HBR

System of systems

Products become part of large ecosystems

Between 2013 and 2022, $14.4 trillion of value (net profit) will be “up for grabs” for enterprises globally

(Source: Cisco)

The New Technology Stack

Smart, connected products require companies to build and support an entirely new technology infrastructure

Source: HBR

What Can Smart, Connected Products Do?


Monitoring

Smart, connected products enable the comprehensive monitoring of a product’s condition, operation, and external environment through sensors and external data sources

Source: HBR

Example: Glucose Monitor that connects to your smartphone


Control

Smart, connected products can be controlled through remote commands or algorithms that are built into the device or reside in the product cloud

Source: HBR

Example: Lockitron door lock


Optimization

The rich flow of monitoring data from smart, connected products, coupled with the capacity to control product operation, allows companies to optimize product performance in numerous ways, many of which have not been previously possible

Source: HBRExample: Diebold self-repairing AMTs


Autonomy

Monitoring, control, and optimization capabilities combine to allow smart, connected products to achieve a previously unattainable level of autonomy.

Source: HBRExample: iRobot’s Roomba vacuum cleaner

Examples

Nike + Fuelband

activity monitor

Jawbone UPactivity

and sleep monitor

LockitronLock

system

Phillips HueLightingSystem

NESTThermostat

iGrillGrilling

Thermometer

SONOSSound

system

SamsungSmart

washer

BabolatTennisracket

Ralph LaurenThe Tech Polo

Shirt

ScanaduHealth

Monitoring

Smart Everything

Smart Everything - what does this mean

Traditionally we use computer to use software - we control the software and tell it what to do and when

Now software is becoming aware of our actiona through sensors, speech and touch

Software is controlling us in real time

Smart Everything - what does this mean

This smartness can be for us as an individual helping us, making our life easier and more productive

This smartness can also help group of people - a whole city to become more efficient

Smart Homes

Smart Cities

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