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TRANSCRIPT
Was Reconstruction a Success or Failure?
Mr. Schnider7th Grade U.S. History
What we’re going to do today
Agenda: – Warm Up– Activity: Structured
Academic Controversy– Closure
By the end of class, you will be able explain how Reconstruction was a success and how it was a failure.
By the end of class, you will be able explain how Reconstruction was a success and how it was a failure.
Rules of a Structured Academic Controversy
1. I am critical of ideas, not people. 2. We are all in this together. I focus on coming to the best
decision possible, not on winning.3. I encourage everyone to participate and understand all
relevant information.4. I listen to everyone's ideas, even if I don't agree.5. Reflect: I put what someone has said into my own words if
it is not clear.6. I try to understand both sides of the issue. “That
makes sense because…”7. I change my mind when the evidence clearly indicates that
I should do so.
• Be respectful of each other
• Disagree with another person's position and ideas but don't be critical of the person
• Don't take criticism of your ideas as a personal attack
• Listen to everyone's ideas, especially if you don't agree with them
• Change your mind when the evidence supports this
• Try to understand both sides of the controversy
• Understand the position differences before trying to reach consensus (an agreement)
• Focus on reaching the best outcome, not on winning
Rules of Respect
UNDERSTAND
• Change causes conflict which result in both positive and negative consequences
• Ones’ perspective shapes how we view events in history
• Changing a culture’s collective beliefs takes considerable time
Structured Academic Controversy
• Round 1: 10 minutes to prepare– Team A = Reconstruction was a success (3 min)– Team B = Reconstruction was a failure (3 min)
Structured Academic Controversy
• Round 1: 10 minutes to prepare– Team A = Reconstruction was a success (3 min)– Team B = Reconstruction was a failure (3 min)
• Round 2: 5 minutes to prepare– Team A = Reconstruction was a failure (3 min)– Team B = Reconstruction was a success (3 min)
Structured Academic Controversy
PICK UP READING PACKETS & begin reading! • Round 1: 10 minutes to prepare
– Team A = Reconstruction was a success (3 min)– Team B = Reconstruction was a failure (3 min)
• Round 2: 5 minutes to prepare– Team A = Reconstruction was a failure (3 min)– Team B = Reconstruction was a success (3 min)
• Consensus: 5 minutes
Share out groups’ consensus. Think & Discuss:
• Were African Americans free during Reconstruction? In what ways?
• What does it mean to be free?• Based on these documents, was
Reconstruction a success or failure?
13th Amendment: 1865
Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime where of the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.Think to your self:1. When were the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments passed?2. Why do you think they were passed?3. What rights did they guarantee for American citizens?
Emancipation, Thomas NastLibrary of Congresshttp://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2004665360/
14th Amendment: 1868
Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction (laws) thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge (limit) the privileges or immunities rights) of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
15th Amendment: 1870
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Think to your self:1. When were the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments passed?2. Why do you think they were passed?3. What rights did they guarantee for American citizens?
PICTURE SHOWING SENATORS BRUCE, FREDERICK DOUGLASS, AND SENATOR HIRAM RHODES REVELS, 1881
Ele
cted
Bla
ck O
ffic
ials
du
rin
g R
eco
nst
ruct
ion
Dur
ing
Rec
onst
ruct
ion,
tho
usan
ds o
f A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
s w
ere
elec
ted
to lo
cal a
nd s
tate
gov
ernm
ents
thr
ough
out
the
Sou
ther
n st
ates
. In
add
ition
, 17
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
ans
wer
e el
ecte
d to
the
U
nite
d S
tate
s C
ongr
ess
from
Sou
ther
n st
ates
bet
wee
n 18
70
and
1877
. H
ere
are
phot
ogra
phs
of 6
of
thes
e 17
ele
cted
of
ficia
ls.
Rec
on
stru
ctio
n B
lack
Co
des
(M
od
ifie
d)
1."N
o ne
gro
or f
reed
men
sha
ll be
allo
wed
to
com
e w
ithin
the
lim
its o
f th
e to
wn
of O
pelo
usas
with
out
spec
ial p
erm
issi
on f
rom
hi
s em
ploy
ers.
Who
ever
bre
aks
this
law
will
go
to ja
il an
d w
ork
for
two
days
on
the
publ
ic s
tree
ts,
or p
ay a
fin
e of
fiv
e do
llars
.”
2. “
No
negr
o or
fre
edm
an s
hall
be p
erm
itted
to
rent
or
keep
a
hous
e in
tow
n un
der
any
circ
umst
ance
s. N
o ne
gro
or f
reed
man
sh
all l
ive
with
in t
he t
own
who
doe
s no
t w
ork
for
som
e w
hite
pe
rson
or
form
er o
wne
r.”
3. “
No
publ
ic m
eetin
gs o
f ne
groe
s or
fre
edm
en s
hall
be a
llow
ed
with
in t
he t
own.
”
4.“N
o fr
eedm
an s
hall
be a
llow
ed t
o ca
rry
firea
rms,
or
any
kind
of
wea
pons
. N
o fr
eedm
an s
hall
sell
or e
xcha
nge
any
artic
le o
f m
erch
andi
se w
ithin
the
lim
its o
f O
pelo
usas
with
out
perm
issi
on in
w
ritin
g fr
om h
is e
mpl
oyer
.”
5.“E
very
neg
ro is
to
be in
the
ser
vice
of
(wor
k fo
r) s
ome
whi
tepe
rson
, or
for
mer
ow
ner.
”
Sou
rce:
In
the
year
s fo
llow
ing
the
Civ
il W
ar -
thr
ough
out
the
Sou
th -
stat
e, c
ity,
and
tow
n go
vern
men
ts p
asse
d la
ws
to r
estr
ict
the
right
s of
fre
e A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
men
and
wom
en.
The
se la
ws
wer
e of
ten
calle
d “B
lack
Cod
es.”
The
exa
mpl
e ab
ove
of “
Bla
ck
Cod
es”
com
e fr
om la
ws
pass
ed in
Ope
lous
as,
Loui
sian
aim
med
iate
ly a
fter
the
Civ
il W
ar.
Black Codes
Think to yourself:1.When were these Black Codes written? Who do you think wrote these laws?
2.List three things that freed men and women were NOT allowed to do according to the Black Codes.
3.Think. Why would white Southerners pass laws that controlled the movement of African Americans? What would happen if African Americans left the South in huge numbers?
4.How do these laws help you to understand what life was like in Louisiana and other Southern states after the Civil War?
Hen
ry A
dam
s S
tate
men
t (M
od
ifie
d)
Sou
rce:
For
mer
sla
ve H
enry
Ada
ms
mad
e th
is s
tate
men
t be
fore
th
e U
.S.
gove
rnm
ent
in 1
880
abou
t th
e ea
rly d
ays
of h
is f
reed
om
afte
r th
e C
ivil
War
.
In S
epte
mbe
r I
aske
d th
e bo
ss t
o le
t m
e go
to
the
city
of
Shr
evep
ort.
He
said
, "A
ll rig
ht,
whe
n w
ill y
ou c
ome
back
?" I
tol
d hi
m "
next
wee
k.”
He
said
, "Y
ou h
ad b
ette
r ca
rry
a pa
ss."
I s
aid,
"I
will
see
whe
ther
I a
m f
ree
by g
oing
with
out
a pa
ss.“
I m
et f
our
whi
te m
en a
bout
six
mile
s so
uth
of t
own.
One
of
them
as
ked
me
who
I b
elon
ged
to.
I to
ld h
im n
o on
e. S
o hi
m a
nd t
wo
othe
rs s
truc
k m
e w
ith a
stic
k an
d to
ld m
e th
ey w
ere
goin
g to
kill
m
e an
d ev
ery
othe
r N
egro
who
tol
d th
em t
hat
they
did
not
bel
ong
to a
nyon
e. T
hey
left
me
and
I th
en w
ent
on t
o S
hrev
epor
t.
I sa
w o
ver
twel
ve c
olor
ed m
en a
nd w
omen
, be
at,
shot
and
hun
g be
twee
n th
ere
and
Shr
evep
ort.
Sun
day
I w
ent
back
hom
e. T
he
boss
was
not
at
hom
e. I
ask
ed t
he m
adam
e (t
he b
oss’
s w
ife),
"w
here
was
the
bos
s?"
She
sai
d, "
You
sh
ould
say
'mas
ter'.
You
al
l are
not
fre
e… a
nd y
ou s
hall
call
ever
y w
hite
lady
'mis
sus'
and
ev
ery
whi
te m
an 'm
aste
r.'“
Dur
ing
the
sam
e w
eek
the
mad
ame
took
a s
tick
and
beat
one
of
the
youn
g co
lore
d gi
rls,
who
was
abo
ut f
iftee
n ye
ars
of a
ge.
The
bo
ss c
ame
the
next
day
and
whi
pped
the
sam
e gi
rl ne
arly
to
deat
h…A
fter
the
whi
ppin
g a
larg
e nu
mbe
r of
you
ng c
olor
ed
peop
le d
ecid
ed t
o le
ave
that
pla
ce f
or S
hrev
epor
t. (
On
our
way
),
out
cam
e ab
out
fort
y ar
med
whi
te m
en a
nd s
hot
at u
s an
d to
ok
my
hors
e. T
hey
said
the
y w
ere
goin
g to
kill
eve
ryon
e th
ey f
ound
le
avin
g th
eir
mas
ters
.
Henry Adams’s Statement
Think to yourself:
1. Who wrote this document, when, and why?
2. According to Adams, what was life like for freed men and women after the Civil War?
3. Do you trust the account in this document? Why or why not?
Civil Rights Act of 1866
The Freedmen’s Bureau, 1868Library of Congress http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/92514996/
“The Freedmen's Union Industrial School, Richmond, Va.”From Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, September 22, 1866
Shar
ecro
pper
s
Car
toon
by
Tho
mas
Nas
t - O
ct. 2
4,
1874
- “
Wor
se T
han
Sla
very
” S
ourc
e C
arto
on b
y T
hom
as N
ast,
publ
ishe
d in
Har
per's
Wee
kly
Ruins of Richmond, 1865Library of Congresshttp://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2011646720/
Ruins of a locomotive in the Petersburg railroad depot, Richmond, Va. [Stereograph]Civil War Treasures from the New-York Historical Society, [Digital ID, e.g., nhnycw/ad 42016]http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2011660476/
Emancipation. And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves … shall be free!
Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Alfred Whital Stern Collection of Lincolniana
http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/lprbscsm.scsm0336
Title: Lincoln's funeral on Pennsylvania Ave.
Date: Washington, D.C. 1865 April 19http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/brh2003004934/PP/
Rebuilding relationships between the Union and the Confederate (Southern) States: ratify (adopt or pass) the Fourteenth Amendment before readmission to the Union would be granted.
Year of Readmission
“Overall, Reconstructionwas a Success”1.) 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments…2.) Civil rights act of 18663.) Freedman’s Bureau4.) African Americans could now hold public office5.) South returned to Union as planned
“Overall, Reconstruction was a failure”1. Black codes2. Hate groups developed and flourished3. Sharecropping not as successful as hoped4. Southerners resented the Reconstruction causing alienation between North and South5. Andrew Johnson didn’t carry out Reconstruction as planned