la mitraclip nel trattamento dell’ insufficienza …percutaneous mitral valve repair is an...

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La Mitraclip nel Trattamento dell’ Insufficienza Mitralica: Indicazioni, Tecnica ed Outcome Renato Rosiello Struttura Complessa di Cardiologia Asst - Mantova

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Page 1: La Mitraclip nel Trattamento dell’ Insufficienza …Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair is an Important Part of a Comprehensive Valve Center Serving Patients Case study: Patient volume

La Mitraclip nel Trattamentodell’ Insufficienza Mitralica:Indicazioni, Tecnica ed Outcome

Renato RosielloStruttura Complessa di Cardiologia

Asst - Mantova

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Epidemiologia dell’Insufficienza Mitralica

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• L’insufficienza mitralica (IM) è la seconda valvulopatia più frequente nel mondooccidentale. Qualora il vizio mitralico risulti severo, l’aspettativa di vita e la libertà daeventi risultano fortemente compromesse. Nonostante le attuali linee guida siano benchiare nell’indicare l’intervento chirurgico, riparativo o sostitutivo, come trattamento discelta nei pazienti con IM severa, esistono tuttavia condizioni complesse in pazienti conIM severa e scompenso cardiaco (SC) in fase avanzata

• Nell’EuroHeart Survey viene evidenziato come il 50% di pazienti anziani, sintomaticiper IM severa, non vengano sottoposti a chirurgia a causa dell’età o delle co-patologie.Per questo motivo sono stati sviluppati diversi dispositivi per effettuare una correzionedell’IM in maniera meno invasiva (percutanea) e ridurre i rischi legati alla chirurgia.

• IM significativa è presente in circa il 30% dei pazienti con pregresso infarto miocardicoe nel 35% dei pazienti con SC cronico. Dati derivati da diversi studi osservazionalipubblicati in letteratura dimostrano come la mortalità raddoppi quando lo SC in stadioavanzato si associa alla presenza di severo rigurgito mitralico.

• La prevalenza di insufficienza almeno moderata negli individui più giovani di 50 anni èinferiore all’1%, mentre viene identificata in 1 individuo su 10 oltre i 70 anni.

Epidemiologia dell’insufficienza mitralica

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• Le forme più comuni di insufficienza mitralica nei pazienti sottoposti a interventochirurgico nei paesi occidentali sono la forma degenerativa (60-70% dei casi), seguitadalla forma funzionale ischemica (20%), endocardite (2-5%), reumatica (2-5%), e altreforme (1%).

• La storia naturale e i risultati clinici nei pazienti trattati in terapia medica o conintervento chirurgico differiscono nel caso di IM funzionale o degenerativa

• Il tasso di mortalità annuo nei pazienti con IM degenerativa significativa varia dall’1% al9%. La mortalità è più alta nei pazienti con dilatazione ventricolare sinistra e neipazienti sintomatici (classe NYHA III o IV).

• Per quanto riguarda l’IM funzionale, numerosi studi osservazionali hanno mostrato unaumento della mortalità nei pazienti con scompenso cardiaco in presenza di rigurgitomitralico significativo.

Storia naturale dell’insufficienza mitralica

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Catheter-Based Mitral Valve RepairMitraClip® System

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Indicazioni all’impianto di Mitraclip

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Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge REpairStudy (EVEREST II)

Randomized Clinical Trial: Primary Safety and Efficacy Endpoints

Ted Feldman, Laura Mauri, Elyse Foster, Don Glower on behalf of the EVEREST II Investigators

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9 Investigational Device only in the US; Not available for sale in the US

Device (%)n=184

Control (%)n=95 P

Age (mean) 67.3 years 65.7 years 0.32

Male 62.5 66.3 0.60

Congestive heart failure 90.8 77.9 <0.01

Coronary artery disease 47.0 46.3 >0.99

Myocardial infarction 21.9 21.3 >0.99

Angina 31.9 22.2 0.12

Atrial fibrillation 33.7 39.3 0.42

Cerebrovascular disease 7.6 5.3 0.62

Peripheral vascular disease 6.5 11.6 0.17

Cardiomyopathy 17.9 14.7 0.61

Hypercholesterolemia 61.0 62.8 0.80

Hypertension 72.3 78.9 0.25

Moderate to severe renal disease 3.3 2.1 0.72

Diabetes 7.6 10.5 0.50

Previous cardiovascular surgery 22.3 18.9 0.54

MR Severity: 3+ to 4+ 95.7 92.6 0.48

MR Etiology: Degenerative / Functional 73 / 27 73 / 27 0.81

EVEREST II Randomized Clinical TrialBaseline Demographics & Co-morbidities

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EVEREST II Randomized Clinical TrialAdditional Analyses

Intention to Treat• Safety

– Major Adverse Event Rate at 30 days

• Effectiveness– Freedom from the combined outcome of death, MV surgery >90 days

or re-operation for valve dysfunction >90 days post Index procedure, and MR >2+ at 12 months

Clinical Benefit (per protocol cohort)

• MR Severity

• Left Ventricular Function

• NYHA Functional Class

• Quality of Life (SF-36 Survey)

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In Italia attivi 47 centri

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Degenerative mitral valve regurgitation

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Prolasso mitralico complesso

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Insufficienza mitralica : funzionale

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ENDOCARDITE

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LESIONE CALCIFICA ANULUS MITRALICO

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LESIONE CALCIFICA ANULUS MITRALICO

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M. DI BARLOW

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M. DI BARLOW

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FLAIL

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FLAIL

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FLAIL

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PROLASSO PARACOMMISSURALE

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TETHERING

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PROLASSO + CLEFT

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Tecnicadi impianto

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ANIMAZIONE

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MITRACLIP

PUNTURA SETTALE DISTANZA PUNTURA SETTALE / COAPTAZIONE MITRALE

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ORIENTAMENTO CLIP

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MITRACLIP

CLIP 1 IM RESIDUA

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MITRACLIP

CLIP 1 CLIP 2

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MITRACLIP

CLIP 2 - IM RESIDUACLIP 1 - IM RESIDUA

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MITRACLIP

CLIP 2 CW doppler transmitralico

Gradiente medio 5 mmHg

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Risultati

Page 87: La Mitraclip nel Trattamento dell’ Insufficienza …Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair is an Important Part of a Comprehensive Valve Center Serving Patients Case study: Patient volume

Event – free survival decreases with increasing MR severity1,2,3

MitraClip intervention in less severe MR results in better outcomes4

∆23% MitraClip patients with MR ≤2+ at 1 year

Risk of mortality increases with increasing NYHA class

For patients with MR≥3+, MitraClip intervention in less severe NYHA class results in better outcomes

Cu

mu

lati

ve r

isk

of

all-

cau

se m

ort

alit

y %

0 12 24 36 48 60

Long run test p<0.001 Follow-up in Months

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

Kaplan-Meier plots for cumulative probability of all-cause mortality

NYHA lV

NYHA lll

NYHA ll

NYHA l

∆22% MitraClip patients with NYHA l or ll at 1 year

Patients in NYHA class l and ll at 12 months

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0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Baseline 12 Months Baseline 12 Months

Device Group Control Group

EVEREST II RCT: MR ReductionPer Protocol Cohort

≤2+

3+/4+

≤2+

3+/4+

81.5%

18.5%3+/4+

97.0%

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0

20

40

60

80

100

Perc

ent

Patients

EVEREST II RCT: NYHA Functional ClassPer Protocol Cohort

97.6%NYHA

Class I/II

87.9%NYHA

Class I/II

I

II

III

I

II

III

IVIV

III

II

I

II

I

Device Group Control Group

Baseline Baseline12 months 12 months

p<0.0001 p<0.0001

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Score

EVEREST II RCT: Quality of Life, SF-36 SurveyPer Protocol Cohort

PCS MCS

Baseline

n=120, matched pairs n=64, matched pairs

30 days

Device Group

30 Day Scores

p<0.0001

PCS MCS

PSC = Physical Component SummaryMCS = Mental Component Summary

Control Group

p<0.0001

P=0.0043

P=0.2910

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

12 Months

12 Month Scores

n=60, matched pairsn=110, matched pairsMCSMCS PCSPCS

Control GroupDevice Group

P<0.0001

P<0.0001

P=0.0017

P=0.0057

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The MitraClip procedure is an important therapeutic option for selected patients with

significant mitral regurgitation given the demonstrated safety, effectiveness and

clinical benefit.

EVEREST II RCT: Conclusion

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Foglietto illustrativo

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Economic Value

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In patients with an indication for valve repair but judged inoperable or at unacceptably high surgical risk, percutaneous edge-to-edge repair may be considered in order to improve symptoms

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Transcatheter MV repair may be considered for severelysymptomatic patients (NYHA class III/IV) with chronicsevere primary MR (stage D) who have a reasonable lifeexpectancy but a prohibitive surgical risk because ofsevere comorbidities (IIb – B)

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Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair is an Important Part of a Comprehensive Valve Center Serving Patients

Case study: Patient volume increases after introduction of MitraClip therapy

55 49 51 48 51 56 56 54 52 57

63 90 99 113 95

135164 157 174

196

8

3075

8964

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Percutaneous Repair Replacement

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Optimal Patient Care

Multi-disciplinary TeamBridging Traditional Silos

Collaboration across specialties is critical to MitraClip Therapy Success

Heart Failure

Specialist

Cardiac

Surgery

Interventional

Cardiology

Echo

Cardiology

Anesthesiology Nursing /

Cath-Lab Staff

Plan Therapy

& Resources

Optimal Patient

Selection

Post

Procedure Care

Echo Guidance

& CommunicationPatient Referral

Collaboration

Required for:

Hospital

Administrator

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• Il trattamento chirurgico rimane il gold standard di riferimento per la terapiadel rigurgito mitralico.

• La MitraClip è una tecnica sicura ed efficace, riducendo il rigurgito mitralicoa meno di moderato.

• Il trattamento con MitraClip dovrebbe essere riservato ai pazienti affetti dainsufficienza mitralica, sintomatici e non responsivi alla sola terapia medica,considerati ad alto rischio chirurgico, anziani con importanti comorbilità odinoperabili, con caratteristiche anatomiche adeguate alla riparazione condispositivo MitraClip.

• Queste indicazioni sono in accordo con quelle recentemente sottolineatedalle linee guida della Società Europea di Cardiologia e della SocietàAmericana. Rimaniamo in attesa dei risultati degli studi randomizzati pereventualmente estendere o circoscrivere l’indicazione.

Conclusioni

Page 103: La Mitraclip nel Trattamento dell’ Insufficienza …Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair is an Important Part of a Comprehensive Valve Center Serving Patients Case study: Patient volume
Page 104: La Mitraclip nel Trattamento dell’ Insufficienza …Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair is an Important Part of a Comprehensive Valve Center Serving Patients Case study: Patient volume