La modellazione per la gestione efficiente della rete idricaPedro Pina

Buildings Rail and Transit Bridges

Government Mining and Metals

Communications

Roads

Campuses

Water and Wastewater

Utilities

Power Generation

Process Manufacturing

Bentley Solutions for Infrastructure

Using Models

Overview

Getting started

Network representation

(skeletonization)

Pipe properties

Water use (consumption,

demand)

Applying the model

Steps in Modeling

1. Define scope of modeling

2. Select an appropriate model software

3. Learn how to utilize the software

4. Build the Model Network, Assign Demands and Elevations

5. Skeletonize the model

6. Calibrate the model

7. Define the specific situation to be modeled

8. Input the situation-specific data

9. Run the model

10. Are results reasonable? Make recommendations

….Additional runs required?

Building the Model

Model Sources

• Maps form the basis for representing the system

• Use CAD/GIS drawings when available

• Use the latest available maps

• Verify maps with as-built drawings where needed

• Verification with field personnel

Constructing the Network

• Multi-Platform

• Convert maps to model

• Manual process or automated using CAD / GIS

• Assign node/link identifiers (e.g. numbers or labels)– Naming conventions

– Automatic labeling

– Auto prompting

Strategy: A Long-term Approach with Immediate [Near-term] Benefits

Implement IWA best practices

8

Current AnnualReal Loss Volume

Economic Level Real Loss

UnavoidableReal Loss

Replacing pipes with least impact on

customers

Speed and Qualityof Repairs

Detecting and fixing leaksReplacing/installing meters

(DMAs)

ActiveLeakage Control

Pre

ssure

Managem

ent

Managing assets for maximum return In

frastr

uctu

reM

anagem

ent

Source: The “4 Component” diagram promoted by IWA’s Water Losses Task Force (Thornton and Lambert, 2005)

Model Building

Assign Demands

Calibration

Remotely piloted control stations

Measurement Devices (Data-Loggers)

To fit the characteristics of the hydraulic model to the best

representation of the real world

Traditional Method of Managing Runs

Input File

MODEL

Output File

Input File 1 Output File 1

Input File 2 Output File 2

Input File 3 Output File 3

Input File 4 Output File 4

Input File 5 Output File 5

Input File 6 Output File 6

Input File 7 Output File 7

Input File 8 Output File 8

Input File 9 Output File 9

. .

. .

Scenario Control Center™

Scenario ManagementAlternatives

Current Scenario Physical: OptimizedDemand: Today

Active Topology: CurrentYear 2010 Scenario

Physical: 2010Demand: 2010

Active Topology: New 2010

Year 2020 Scenario

Physical: Wellesley 2020Demand: 2020

Active Topology: New 2020

New Diameter Scenario

Physical: New DesignDemand: Max 2020

Active Topology: New 2020

Main Rule!Garbage in = Garbage out

Performan

ce

Stages

Decisio

n Time

Managemen

t Indicators

Customer

Service

Water

LossesEmergencies

Level of IT

integration Software Services

Pre-

Effective

Months

Annually for

global

reporting

No 24*7

emergency

support and

customer phone

service

No real

control,

usually

above

50%

Very frequently,

long delay for

resolution

Invoicing

and wages

Billing

CAD

Hydraulic

Project

(reabilitation

, new)

+

Emergency

repairs

+Master

Planning

EffectiveWeeks

Several times

per year for

control

24*7 emergency

service (call

center and

emergency

teams)

35 to 50%

Frequent,

Usually sorted

out during

night and

weekends

Invoicing,

subcontracti

ng,

administrati

ve,

client

interaction,

All the

Above

+

CRM

M&O

Software

Customizatio

n and

Integration

EfficiencyDays Monthly

Same as above

+

Control room

+

telemetry

20 to 35%

Low frequency,

resolution at

night and

weekends

Same as

above

+

telemetry,

GIS,

Network

modeling

All the

Above

+

Asset

Managemen

t,

GIS,

Modeling,

Telemetry

System

Integration,

hydraulic

consultancy,

Telemetry

Services

Excelence

Same as above

+

SCADA

+

Rare,

Usually sorted

All

integrated

with real

All the

Above

+

Control

System

Integration,

strategic

consultancy

Active Leakage Control Using WaterCAD/WaterGEMS

DMA MANAGEMENT

16

Create DMAs easily and quickly

Compare measured

and simulated

flows

“ The use of DMAs has proved suitable for leakage control with many differing

network configurations, irrespective of whether the

customers are unmetered or metered and on both

continuous and intermittent supply systems.”

J A E Morrison, S Tooms, G Hall

Source: Sustainable District Metering – Water Loss 2007

Pressure Management

Criticality Analysis

16”

12”

12”

6”

X6”

= Valve

Infrastructure Lifecycle Management

Prioritize capital investments, by generating reports of historical leakage locations and

correlating with other properties (pipe diameter, material, etc.) and model dynamical

properties

Identify areas with bad leak history and pipe/joint problems

19

Support to ASSET MANAGEMENT

Workflow

Color Coding by Score

Typical Application –Hydraulic Transients - HAMMER

High pressure wavesCan break pipes

+ Transient Energy Calculated by Elastic Water Column Theory (EWCT)

Transient Energy Calculated by RigidWater Column Theory (RWCT)

Reservoir

Reservoir

Pipeline

Pump Station

Static HGLSteady HGL

Max. Head (Elastic)

Min. Head (Elastic)Min. Head (Rigid)

Max. Head (Rigid)

Reservoir

Reservoir

Pipeline

Pump Station

Static HGLSteady HGL

Max. Head (Elastic)

Min. Head (Elastic)Min. Head (Rigid)

Max. Head (Rigid)

Can design Protection/Prevention

Active Leakage Control Using WaterCAD/WaterGEMS

DARWIN CALIBRATOR

• Innovative and unique approach, using Genetic Algorithm optimization technology

• Predicts the location and size of water losses (both real and apparent)

23

Field personnel can focus on area(s)

detected by Darwin Calibrator

IWA-award winning optimization technology

Pictures courtesy of Dr. Zheng Wu

Using SCADA and Field data

24

Pump Management

CSP Case Study (Wu, Woodward & Allen 2009)

• DMZ system

• 57 Ml/day

• 11 pump stations and 9 tanks

• Energy cost: £330K/year

• Recorded daily energy cost: £912

• Modeled daily energy cost: £923

Energy Cost comparison

Pump Existing controls Optimized controls

IDPump utilization (%) Daily cost (£) Pump utilization (%) Daily cost (£)

X2420052_ 100 181.99 100 181.73X2420014_ 40 142.11 41 120.51X2420075_ 42 201.95 37 141.19X2410361_ 50 31.99 42 22.65X2419963_ 50 31.99 42 22.65X241998C_ 26 7.92 31 5.18X2450024_ 40 37.35 21 13.87PILWTH 82 236.19 40 98.33NEWMRKT 23 111.63 22 88.98Total cost(£) 983.12 695.10

• Overall saving is 29% of original energy cost• By shifting pumping hours and increasing supply

of 3.5 Ml/d from gravity source

• Opening hydrant changes head loss and flow velocity of pipes, which is useful– Greater the change, more helpful for the model

calibration

– Changing velocity helps remove bad accumulations in the pipe

• Very common operation in practice

Flushing Problem

• We don’t want to open all hydrants <- Limited number of hydrants should be opened

• Which one to open? -> Affect as much as possible pipes [Efficiency]

• How many to open? -> Require as few as possible [Cost]

• How much hydrant flow should be used? -> Smaller the better

Hydrant Selection - Find Best Hydrants To Open

Case Study – Sabesp, S.Paulo

PASSAGEM FUNDA DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

1.East area of São Paulo2.Population = 230 000 inhabitants

3.Pipe extension = 221 600 m

SABESP Case Study

ModelProblem

•50% water loss•Poor service(frequent supply

disruptions)

Result•36.74 % water loss

•~12.000.000m³ ~3 000 000 USD• Improved service

Solution• Pump management

• New Pressure Reduction Valves (PRV) in critical points

Next Steps• Efficient Leakage Detection

(Darwin Calibrator)•Using the Model for

Maintenance and Operations

Model

Model

Case Study - United Utilities

• United Utilities is the UK's largest operator of water systems

• United supplies 2,000 million litres of water every day via a network of around 40,000 kilometres of water mains, 1,444 kilometres of aqueduct and over 100 water treatment works.

• It covers a population approaching seven million people

Leakage Detection Benchmark

• A DMA water system in UK

• High leakage rate

• Apply the latest leakage detection methodology in WaterGEMS

• Enable informed field survey

Leakage Map Detected by GA-based Model Calibration for DMA129-

01 at Hour 2:00 AMLeakage repaired

Critical Points

Look For:

www.Bentley.com

Water Solutions

Pedro.Pina@Bentley.com