la salle university school of nursing
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La Salle University School of Nursing. Occupational & Safety Health Administration (OSHA) Orientation for Faculty. Welcome to La Salle!. The following slide show focuses on the following objectives: Discusses role of microorganisms and pathogens in chain of infection - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
La Salle UniversitySchool of Nursing
Occupational & Safety Health Administration (OSHA) Orientation for Faculty
Welcome to La Salle!The following slide show focuses on the followingobjectives: Discusses role of microorganisms and pathogens
in chain of infection Describes bloodborne, airborne, droplet, contact,
vehicle and vector transmission of pathogens Explains protective interventions for decreasing
risk of infection
Please Note: Faculty With proof of attendance at an OSHA
orientation during this past year you do not need to review this presentation
Just take the post-test and submit it to the Dean’s secretary
Bloodborne Pathogens & Other Infectious Agents
Microorganisms are Everywhere Most do not cause
disease and are important for everyday life
Some cause infection and disease (Pathogens)
Who Can Get Infection? Host = you, the patient, patient’s family,
other healthcare workers, or visitors Anyone can be at-risk for developing
infection after exposure if the circumstances are night.
Microorganisms Are Spread in These Ways
Airborne Transmission Person with infection
coughs, sneezes organism into air
Organism remains suspended in air
Susceptible person breathes in organism and may become infected
Example: TB, Measles, chickenpox
Droplet Transmission Droplets containing
microorganisms contact mucous membranes of susceptible host
Example: Influenza, meningococcal meningitis, rubella, mumps
Contact Transmission
Transferring organisms to another person or surface
•Touching surfaces that are contaminated with pathogens
Example: Chickenpox, C. difficile diarrhea, lice, scabies, HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C
Vehicle Transmission
Organism passed on in food or water
Example: Hepatitis A, Salmonella, Shigella, Giardia, E. coli 0127
Vector Transmission Etiologic agent must
pass through animal or insect
•Example: Lyme disease, Rabies, West Nile Virus, Malaria
Stopping Infection Transmission We can stop infection
from spreading to others by interrupting the way the microorganisms get from place to place.
Things You Can DoPrevent the spread of
infection by: Washing your hands Using Standard
Precautions Personal Protective
Equipment Safety devices Safe work practices
Best Practice “Handwashing is the
single most effective method to prevent the spread of infection.”Centers for Disease Control & Prevention
Handwashing
Running water – comfortable temperature Soap – friction to all surfaces for 15-20 seconds
Backs of hands, between fingers, under nails Rinse well Dry thoroughly Use paper towel to turn off faucet (touching faucet
recontaminates you)
Standard Precautions Protect you from both known and unknown
sources of infection Should be used for everyone regardless of
diagnosis or infectious state
Be Aware! Germs may enter
through cuts, punctures, broken skin, eyes-nose-throat and mucous membranes
Standard Precautions WEAR GLOVES when touching blood,
body fluids, excretions, broken (non-intact) skin, contaminated items
WASH HANDS before and after any patient contact, after gloves removed, before invasive or sterile procedures
Standard Precautions Use personal
protective equipment (PPE = gowns, masks, eyewear, gloves, etc.) to prevent exposure from splash of blood or body fluids to face or body
Infectious Waste Use gloves to discard
items soiled with blood or body fluids, IV tubing, urinary catheters & nasogastric tubes into the infectious waste containers
Wash hands after removing gloves
Prevent Sharps Injuries Be careful with sharps Activate safety mechanisms Don’t recap needles Get help with uncooperative patients Dispose immediately after use into
designated sharps container
How to Clean a Blood Spill Put on gloves (if spill is large, wear gown) Use paper towels to absorb the blood, discard into
red bag Clean area with soap & water Disinfect area with product such as Hepacide Discard all materials, including gloves into red
bag Wash hands For larger spills, call Environmental Services
Soiled Linen Handle all linen as
though it has blood or body fluids on it
Place in linen bag Wash hands after
handling soiled linen
Isolation Sometimes additional precautions are
necessary for certain infections Airborne infections such as TB, measles, or
chickenpox need special air handling Check your facility’s Infection Control
Manual for specific infections that need extra precautions (isolation)
TB Skin Test - PPD You should have a PPD
every year to check for TB A negative PPD usually
means you are not infected with TB
A positive skin test for TB (PPD) means you may have been exposed to tuberculosis and should be evaluated for active TB
OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Rule Intent: To reduce or eliminate employee’s
occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens Any healthcare facility should have:
Written exposure control plan Engineering controls (e.g., sharps boxes, etc) Safe work practices and safety devices Hepatitis B vaccine available Education and post-exposure follow-up
Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens Occupational Exposure can occur following
contact with blood or body fluids in these ways: Percutaneous – any new break in the skin caused by
contaminated needle or other sharp object Mucous membrane contact – any splash or splatter of
blood and/or body fluids to the eys, ears, nose, mouth, etc.
Non-intact (broken) skin contact – any contact o blood and/or body fluid with an existing break in the skin
Bloodborne Pathogens These pathogens are found in the blood and
certain body fluids of people who have these infections Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis D Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Transmission of Hepatitis Hepatitis B, C, and D are spread by contact
with blood or body fluids containing Hepatitis B virus, or Hepatitis C virus, or Hepatitis D virus
Prevention includes Always using Standard Precautions Getting your hepatitis B vaccine to prevent
hepatitis B
Hepatitis B Vaccine Hepatitis B Vaccine protects you from
getting Hepatitis B Hepatitis B vaccine is available from
primary care providers Most health care facilities provide it for
full-time employees
How is HIV Transmitted? Occupational exposure – blood or mucous
membrane contact with infected blood or body fluids
Sexual contact with HIV-infected person: anal, genital, oral, and other
Blood to blood: injecting drug use, transfusion of blood or blood products
Perinatally from HIV-infected mother to infant before, during or after birth
Infection Control for Home & Work Wash hands
Before and after contact with patients and/or equipment
After contamination and toileting before eating and touching face
After removing gloves Between “dirty” and “clean” procedures
Infection Control for the Healthcare Worker Always practice safety
Use Standard Precautions routinely Consider all patients potentially infected Add other isolation precautions as needed Plan ahead, anticipate potential problems, get
help Follow procedures, don’t short-cut Use safety devices that are available
Infection Control for the Healthcare Worker Safe practices
Practice sharps safety: don’t recap; activate safety devices and dispose of sharp items immediately after use into designated container
Use engineering controls Wear personal protective equipment (gloves, gowns,
goggles, or masks) to protect against splash of blood or body fluids to face or clothing
Infection Control for Everyone Be kind to your immune system
Get enough rest Eat balanced diet Reduce or manage stress in your life
Keep immunizations up-to-date, including getting Hepatitis B vaccine and annual influenza vaccine
Post-Exposure Follow-up If you have a blood or body fluid exposure:
Wash/flush with water or saline Report the exposure immediately to your supervisor;
complete an incident report Go for immediate medical evaluation and follow-up
via Occupational Health (go to Emergency Department if exposure occurs off-shift); Faculty on affiliation may be expected to follow up with their own primary care provider
Post-Exposure Follow-up If you are exposed to a communicable
disease, such as chickenpox, TB, or measles: Report the exposure to your supervisor and
complete an incident report Review your immune status (have you had
this infection or been immunized for it?) Go for medical evaluation
Do Not Come to the Facility If you have a fever If you are getting sick with a cold, influenza, or
other communicable disease (example, measles, chickenpox)
If you have Conjunctivitis (until on antibiotics and eye drainage stops)
If you have Diarrhea and fever (until diarrhea stops) If you aren’t sure whether you should work, talk
with your supervisor or director
Summary You are in control of your own protection Use hand washing consistently Use personal protective equipment Think!!