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APP 96

LABO RATORY REFERENCE RAN GE VALUES

Show-Hong Duh, PhD, DABCC, Department of Pathology,University of Maryland School of Medicine

Janine Denis Cook, PhD, Department of Medical and Research Technology,University of Maryland School of Medicine

Reference range values are for apparently healthy people and often overlap significantly with values for those who are sick. Actualvalues may vary significantly due to differences in assay methodologies and standardization. Institutions may also set up their ownreference ranges based on the particular populations that they serve, thus regional differences may occur. Consequently, values report-ed by individual laboratories may differ from those listed in this appendix.

All values are given in conventional and SI units. However, cases where SI units have not been widely accepted, conventional unitsare used. In case of the heterogenous nature of the materials measured or uncertainty about the exact molecular weight of the com-pounds, SI measurements cannot be used so that mass per volume remains as the unit of concentration.

Abbreviations:

ACD, acid-citrate-dextrose; AMP, adenosine monophosphate; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CHF, congestive heart failure; Cit,citrate; Cl, chlorine; CNS, central nervous system; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; cyclic AMP, adenosine 3 ,5 -cyclic phosphate; EDTA,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Hb, hemoglobin;HDL,high-density lipoprotein;Hep, heparin; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cho-lesterol; MB, myoglobin; NaCit, sodium citrate; NAPA, N-acetylprocainomide; Ox, oxalate; RBC, red blood cell(s); RIA, radioim-munoassay; SD,standard deviation;WBC,white blood cell(s)

References:Burtis CA, Ashwood ER. eds. Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry, 3rd ed. Philadelphia; WB Saunders, 1998.Childrens Hospital, St. Louis, The Department of Clinical Laboratories, High Density Lipoprotein L ipid Panel: Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol,

LDL (calculated), Cholesterol, Total, Triglycerides, Parathyroid Hormone (PTH).Available athttp://webserver01.bjc.org/slch/pro/Professional.htm?http://webserver01.bjc.org/labtestguide/Lab%20Test%20Guidebook/slchlabsiteoutline.htm.Accessed April 20, 2004.

Clinical chemistry laboratory:Reference range values in clinical chemistry. Professional services manual. Baltimore, Department of Pathology,University of Maryland Medical System, 1999.

Harmening DM, ed. Hematologic values in chemical hematology and fundamentals of hemostasis, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: FA Davis, 1992.Laboratory Corporation of America, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, Westergren. Available at

http://www.labcorp.com/datasets/labcorp/html/chapter/mono/he005000.htm. Accessed April 20, 2004.Laboratory Corporation of America. Fecal Fat. Quantitative. Available at

http://www.labcorp.com/datasets/labcorp/html/chapter/mono/sc008000.htm. Accessed April 20, 2004.National cholesterol education program:Report of the expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults. Arch

Intern Med1988;148:36-69.Triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and coronary heart disease. National Institute of Health Consensus Statement, NIH Consensus Development

Conference, 1992;10(2).University of Texas Health Center at San Antonio. Neonatal Bilirubin. Available at http://labs-sec.uhs-sa.com/clinical_ext/dols/soprefrange.aps.

Accessed April 20, 2004.University of Texas Medical Branch. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, Wintrobe. Available at

http://www.utmb.edu/lsg/LabSurvivalGuide/hem/Sedimentation_Rate.htm. Accessed April 20, 2004.University of Virginia Childrens Medical Center. Therapy Review: Warfarin (Coumadin).Pediatric Pharmacotherapy. January 1995;1(5):386.

Available at http://www.people.virginia.edu/~smb4v/cmchome.html. Accessed April 20, 2004.Wafarin Therapy in Children Who Require Long-Term Total Parenteral Nutrition.Pediatrics [electronic article]. November 2003;112(5):386.

Available at http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/112/5/e386. Accessed April 20, 2004.

APP17 lab reference range values.qxd 8/13/05 1:45 PM Page APP 96

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APP 97LA BORATORY REFERENCE RANGE VALUES

Tests Conventional Units SI Units

*Test values dependent on laboratory methods used.

Acetaminophen, serum or

plasma (Hep or

EDTA)

Thera peutic 1030 mcg/mL 66199 mcmol/L

Toxic >200 mcg/mL >1324 mcmol/L

AcetoneSerum

Qua lita tive Nega tive Nega tive

Qua ntita tive 0.32.0 mg/dL 0.050.34 mmol/L

Urine

Qua lita tive Nega tive Nega tive

Acid hemolysis tes t (Ha m) 500 ng/mL >1805 nmol/LAmmonia

P la sma (Hep) 933 mcmol/L 933 mcmol/L

*Amylase

S erum 27131 U/L 0.462.23 mcka t/L

Urine 117 U/h 0.017-0.29 mcka t/h

Amyla se:c rea tinine c lea ra nce 14% 0.010.04

ratio


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APP 98 LABORATORY REFERENCE RANGE VALUES

Tests Conventional Units SI UnitsTests Conventional Units SI UnitsTests Conventional Units SI UnitsTests Conventional Units SI Units

*Test values dependent on laboratory methods used.Bilirubin data Source: https://labs-sec.uhs-sa.com/clinical_ext/dols/soprefrange.asp

Androstened ione, serum

Ma le 75205 ng/dL 2.67.2 nmol/L

Fema le 85275 ng/dL 3.09.6 nmol/L

Anion gap

(Na [Cl + HCO 3]]) 716 mEq /L 716 mmol/L

([Na + K] [Cl + HCO 3]) 1020 mEq /L 1020 mmol/L1-Antitryps in, serum 78200 mg/dL 0.782.00 g/L

Apolipoprotein A-1

Ma le 94178 mg/dL 0.941.78 g/L

Fema le 101199 mg/dL 1.011.99 g/L

Apolipoprote in B

Ma le 63133 mg/dL 0.631.33 g/L

Fema le 60126 mg/dL 0.601.26 g/L

Arsenic

Whole blood (Hep) 0.22.3 mcg/dL 0.030.31 mcmol/L

Chronic poisoning 1050 mcg/dL 1.336.65 mcmol/L

Acute poisoning 60930 mcg/dL 7.98124 mcmol/L

Urine, 24 h 550 mcg/d 0.070.67 mcmol/d

Ascorbic a c id , pla sma (Ox, Hep, EDTA) 0.41.5 mg/dL 2385 mcmol/L

*Aspa rta te a minotra nsfera se 1059 U/L (37 C) 0.171.00 -2 to + 3 ka t/L (37 C)

(AS T, S G OT), s erum

Base excess, blood (Hep) 2 to + 3 mEq/L 2 to + 3 mmol/L

B ica rbona te, serum (venous) 2229 mEq /L 2229 mmol/L*B ilirub in

B ilirubin, direct

B irthdea th 0.00.4 mg/dL

Bilirubin, total

B irth1 da y 1.06.0 mg/dL

12 da ys 6.07.5 mg/dL

25 da ys 4.013.5 mg/dL

5 da ysdea th 0.21.2 mg/dL

Tota l bilirubin, neo nat a l

B irth1 da y 1.06.0 mg/dL

12 da ys 6.07.5 mg/dL

25 da ys 4.013.5 mg/dL

5 da ys1 month 0.01.8 mg/dL

1 monthdea th 0.01.8 mg/dLBo ne ma rrow , differential cell count

Adult

Undifferentia ted cells 01% 00.01

Myelobla s t 02% 00.02

P romyelocyte 0-4% 00.04

Myelocytes

Neutrophilic 520% 0.050.20

Eosinophilic 03% 00.03

B a sophilic 01% 00.01

Metamyeolocytes and bands

Neutrophilic 535% 0.050.35

Eosinophilic 05% 00.05

B a sophilic 01% 00.01

S egmented neutrophils 515% 0.050.15

P ronormobla s t 01.5% 00.015

B a sophilic normobla s t 05% 00.05P olychroma tophilic normobla s t 530% 0.050.30

Orthochroma tic normobla s t 510% 0.050.10

Lymphocytes 1020% 0.100.20

P la sma cells 02% 00.02

Monocytes 05% 00.05

CA-125, serum

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CA 19-9, serum 20% tota l Hb >0.20 HbCO fra c tion

Letha l >50% tota l Hb >0.5 HbCO fra c tion

Ca rotene, serum 1085 mcg/dL 0.191.58 mcmol/L

Ca techolamines, plas ma

(EDTA)

Dopa mine < 30 pg/mL

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*Cell counts, adult (continued from previous page)

Reticulocytes 0.51.5% RB C s 0.0050.015 of RB Cs

24,00084,000/mcL 2484 109/L

Cells , CS F 010 lymphocytes/mm3 0-10 lymp hoc yte s/mm3

0 RB C/mm3 0 RB C/mm3

Cerulopla smin, serum 2060 mg/dL 0.20.6 g/LChloramphenicol, serum or

plasma (Hep or

EDTA); trough



Chloride

S erum or pla sma (Hep) 98107 mmol/L 98107 mmol/L

S wea t

Norma l 535 mmol/L 535 mmol/L

Cys tic fibros is 60200 mmol/L 60200 mmol/L

Urine, 24 h (vary greatly with

Cl intake)

Infa nt 210 mmol/24 h 210 mmol/24h

Child 1540 mmol/24 h 1540 mmol/24h

Adult 110250 mmol/24 h 110250 mmol/24 h

CS F 118132 mmol/L (20 mmol/L 118132 mmol/L (20 mmol/L

higher tha n serum) higher tha n serum)

Choleste rol, se rum

Adult desira ble

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**Test values dependent on laboratory methods used.Test values dependent on patients race.

Complement components (continued from p revious page)

Tota l complement deca y ra te 1020% Fra ction deca y ra te: 0.100.20

(func tiona l), pla sma Defic iency: >50% >0.50

(EDTA)

C 1q , serum 14.922.1 mg/dL 149221 mg/L

C 1r, serum 2.510.0 mg/dL 25100 mg/LC 1s(C1 estera se), serum 5.010.0 mg/dL 50100 mg/L

C 2, serum 1.63.6 mg/dL 1636 mg/L

C 3, serum 90180 mg/dL 0.91.8 g/L

C 4, serum 1040 mg/dL 0.1-0.4 g/L

C 5, serum 5.511.3 mg/dL 55113 mg/L

C 6, serum 17.923.9 mg/dL 179239 mg/L

C 7, serum 2.77.4 mg/dL 2774 mg/L

C 8, serum 4.910.6 mg/dL 49106 mg/L

C 9, serum 3.39.5 mg/dL 3395 mg/L

Coombs test

Direc t Nega tive Nega tive

Indirect Nega tive Nega tive

Copper

Serum

Ma le 70140 mcg/dL 1122 mcmol/L

Fema le 80155 mcg/dL 1324 mcmol/L

Urine 335 mcg/24 h 0.050.55 mcmol/24 h

Corpuscular values of

erythrocyte s (values

are for adults; in

children, va lues vary

with age)

Mea n corpuscula r hemoglobin (MCH) 2731 pg 0.420.48 fmol

Mea n corpuscula r hemoglobin 3337 g/dL 330370 g/L

conc entration (MCHC)

Me a n c o rp us c ula r vo lum e (MC V) Ma le 8094 m cm3 8094 fL

Female 8199 mcm3 8199 fL

Cortisol, serum

P las ma (Hep, EDTA, Ox)

8 AM 523 mcg/dL 138635 nmol/L

4 P M 316 mcg/dL 83441 nmol/L10 P M

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*Test values dependent on laboratory methods used.Actual therapeutic range should be adjusted for individual patient.

Cyanide

Serum

Nonsmokers 0.004 mg/L 0.15 mcmol/L

S mokers 0.006 mg/L 0.23 mcmol/L

Nitropruss ide thera py 0.010.06 mg/L 0.382.30 mcmol/L

Toxic >0.1 mg/L >3.84 mcmol/LWhole b lood (Ox)

Nonsmokers 0.016 mg/L 0.61 mcmol/L

S mokers 0.041 mg/L 1.57 mcmol/L

Nitropruss ide thera py 0.050.5 mg/L 1.9219.20 mcmol/L

Toxic >1 mg/L >38.40 mcmol/L

Cy clic AMP

P las ma (EDTA)

Ma le 4.68.6 ng/mL 1426 nmol/L

Fema le 4.37.6 ng/mL 1323 nmol/L

Urine, 24 h 0.33.6 mg/d 1.010.9 mcmol/d or

or 0.292.1 mg/g crea tinine 100723 mcmol/mol c rea tinine

C ys tine or cysteine, urine, Nega tive Nega tive

qualitative

*C-P eptide, serum 0.781.89 ng/mL 0.260.62 nmol/L

C -Rea c tive protein, serum 1500 nmol/L

Diazepa m, serum or plas ma

(Hep or EDTA);

trough

Thera peutic 1001000 ng/mL 0.353.51 mcmol/L

Toxic >5000 ng/mL >17.55 mcmol/L

Digitoxin, s erum or plas ma

(Hep or EDTA); 7.8 h

after dose

Thera peutic 2035 ng/mL 2646 nmol/L

Toxic >45 ng/mL >59 nmol/L

Digo xin, serum or plas ma

(Hep or EDTA); 12 h

after doseTherap eutic

C HF 0.81.5 ng/mL 1.01.9 nmol/L

Arrhythmia s 1.52.0 ng/mL 1.92.6 nmol/L

Toxic

Adult >2.5 ng/mL >3.2 nmol/L

C hild >3.0 ng/mL >3.8 nmol/L


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*Test values dependent on laboratory methods used.Reference values vary from laboratory to laboratory, but are generally found within the range of 57 g/d. It should be noted that children, espe-

cially infants, cannot ingest the 100 g/d of fat that is suggested for the test. Therefore, a fat retention coefficient is determined by measuring thedifference between ingested fat and fecal fat, and expressing that difference as a percentage. The figure, called the fat retention coefficient, is95% or greater in healthy children and adults. A low value indicates steatorrhea.http://www.labcorp.com/datasets/labcorp/html/chapter/mono/sc008000.htm

Fatty acids include a mixture of different aliphatic acids of varying molecular weight; a mean molecular weight of 284 daltons has beenassumed.

Disopyramide, serum or plasma

(Hep or EDTA);

trough

Thera peutic a rrhythmia s

Atria l 2.83.2 mcg/mL 8.39.4 mcmol/L

Ventricula r 3.37.5 mcg/mL 9.722 mcmol/LToxic >7 mcg/mL >20.7 mcmol/L

Doxepin, serum or plasma

(Hep or EDTA);

trough (12 h after

dose)


Toxic >500 ng/mL >1790 nmol/L

*Estradiol, serum

Adult

Ma le 1050 pg/mL 37-184 pmol/L

Fema le Va ries w ith menstrua l cycle

Ethanol (alcohol), whole blood (Ox) or

serum

Depress ion of CNS >100 mg/dL >21.7 mmol/L

Fa ta lities reported >400 mg/dL >86.8 mmol/L

Ethosuximide, serum or plasma

(Hep or EDTA);

trough



Euglobin lys is No lys is in 2 h No lys is in 2 h

-Fetoprotein (AFP ), serum

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Tests Conventional Units SI UnitsTests Conventional Units SI UnitsTests Conventional Units SI Units


Follicle-stimulating hormone (continued from previous page)

Mid-cycle 617 mIU/mL 617 IU/L

Lutea l pha se 19 mIU/mL 19 IU/L

P os tmenopa usa l 19100 mIU/mL 19100 IU/L

*Free thyroxine index (FTI), serum 4.213 4.213

G a strin, serum

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*Test values dependent on laboratory methods used.If the triglyceride value is >400 mg/dL, the LDL calculation is invalid.

http://webserver01.bjc.org/slch/pro/Professional.htm?http://webserver01.bjc.org/labtestguide/Lab%20Test%20Guidebook/slchlabsiteoneline.htm

HDL-Lipid Panel (continued)

borderline 200239 mg/dL

high >240 mg/dL

Tryg lyce rides

desira ble 200 mg/dL

Hematocrit

Ma les 4252% 0.420.52

Fema les 3747% 0.370.47

Newborn 5365% 0.530.65

Children (va ries w ith a ge) 3043% 0.300.43

Hemoglobin (Hb)

Ma les 14.018.0 g/dL 2.172.79 mmol/L

Fema les 12.016.0 g/dL 1.862.48 mmol/L

Newborn 17.023.0 g/dL 2.643.57 mmol/L

Children (va ries w ith a ge) 11.216.5 g/dL 1.742.56 mmol/L

Hemoglobin, fetal 1 y old:

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Tests Conventional Units SI UnitsTests Conventional Units SI UnitsTests Conventional Units SI UnitsTests Conventional Units SI Units

Iron s aturation, s erum

Ma le 2050% 0.20.5

Fema le 1550% 0.150.5

17-Ketosteroids, urine

Ma les 1025 mg/24 h 3887 mcmol/24 h

Fema les 614 mg/24 h 2152 mcmol/24 h(decrea ses w ith a ge) (decrea ses w ith a ge)

L-Lactate

Plasma (NaF)

Venous 4.519.8 mg/dL 0.52.2 mmol/L

Arteria l 4.514.4 mg/dL 0.51.6 mmol/L

Whole blood (Hep), a t be d res t

Venous 8.115.3 mg/dL 0.91.7 mmol/L

Arteria l

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Tests Conventional Units SI UnitsTests Conventional Units SI Units


*Luteinizing hormone (LH),

serum or

plasma (Hep)

Ma le 1.247.8 mIU/mL 1.247.8 IU/L

Female

Follicula r pha se 1.6815.0 mIU/mL 1.6815.0 IU/LMid-cyc le pea k 21.956.6 mIU/mL 21.956.6 IU/L

Lutea l pha se 0.6116.3 mIU/mL 0.6116.3 IU/L

P ostmenopa usa l 14.252.5 mIU/mL 14.252.3 IU/L

Magnesium

S erum 1.32.1 mEq /L 0.651.07 mmol/L

1.62.6 mg/dL 1626 mg/L

Urine 6.010.0 mEq /24 h 3.05.0 mmol/24 h

Mercury

Whole blood (EDTA) 0.659 mcg/L

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Oxygen, blood

Ca pa city 1624 vol% (va ries w ith 7.1410.7 mmol/L (va ries w ith

hemoglobin) hemoglobin)

Content

Arteria l 1523 vol% 6.6910.3 mmol/L

Venous 1016 vol% 4.467.14 mmol/LSaturation

Arteria l a nd ca pilla ry 9598% of ca pa c ity 0.950.98 of ca pa c ity

Venous 6085% of ca pa c ity 0.600.85 of ca pa city

Tension

pO 2 a rteria l a nd ca pilla ry 83108 mmHg 11.114.4 kP a

Venous 3545 mmHg 4.66.0 kP a

P 50, blood 2529 mmHg (a djus ted to pH 7.4) 3.333.86 kP a

P a rtia l thrombopla s tin time 44 mcmol/L

pH

B lood, a rteria l 7.357.45 7.357.45

Urine 4.68.0 (depends on diet) S a me

P hena ce tin, plas ma (EDTA)


Toxic 50250 mcg/mL 2791395 mcmol/L

Phenobarbital, serum or plasma

(Hep or EDTA); trough


Toxic

S lowness , a ta xia , nys ta gmus 3580 mcg/mL 151345 mcmol/L

Coma w ith reflexes 65117 mcg/mL 280504 mcmol/L

Coma w ithout reflexes >100 mcg/mL >430 mcmol/L

P henolsulfonphtha lein (P SP ) excretion, 2851% in 15 min 0.280.51 in 15 min

urine 1324% in 30 min 0.130.24 in 30 min

917% in 60 min 0.090.17 in 60 min310% in 2 h 0.030.10 in 2 h

(After injection of 1 mL P SP (After injec tion of 1 mL P SP

intra venously) intra venous ly)

P henyla la nine, serum 0.81.8 mg/dL 48109 mcmol/L

Phenytoin, serum or plasma




*Phos phatas e, a cid, prosta tic, s erum

ra dioimmunoa ssa y

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Porphyrins, urine

C oproporphyrin 34230 mcg/24 h 52351 nmol/24 h

Uroporphyrin 2752 mcg/24 h 3263 nmol/24 h

Po tass ium, plas ma (Hep)

Ma les 3.54.5 mEq /L 3.54.5 mmol/L

Fema les 3.44.4 mEq /L 3.44.4 mmol/LPotassium

Serum

Premature

Cord 5.010.2 mEq /L 5.010.2 mmol/L

48 h 3.06.0 mEq /L 3.06.0 mmol/L

Newborn, cord 5.612.0 mEq /L 5.612.0 mmol/L

Newborn 3.75.9 mEq /L 3.75.9 mmol/L

Infa nt 4.15.3 mEq /L 4.15.3 mmol/L

Child 3.44.7 mEq /L 3.44.7 mmol/L

Adult 3.55.1 mEq /L 3.55.1 mmol/L

Urine, 24 h 25125 mEq /d, va ries w ith d iet 25125 mmol/d; va ries w ith d iet

C S F 70% of pla sma level or 2.53.2 0.70 of pla sma level or 2.53.2

mEq /L; rise s w ith mmo l/L; rise s with

pla sma hyperosmola lity pla sma hyperosmola lity

P rea lbumin (tra ns thyretin), serum 1040 mg/dL 100400 mg/L

Primidone, serum or plasma




Proca inamide, serum or plasma



Toxic (a ls o c ons id er effect of >1012 mcg /mL 4251 mc mo l/L

metabolite, i.e., NAPA)

*Progesterone, serum

Adult

Ma le 1397 ng/dL 0.43.1 nmol/L

Female

Follicula r pha se 1570 ng/dL 0.52.2 nmol/L

Lutea l pha se 2002500 ng/dL 6.479.5 nmol/L

P regna ncy Va ries w ith gesta tiona l w eek*Prolactin, serum

Ma les 2.515.0 ng/mL 2.515.0 mcg/L

Fema les 2.519.0 ng/mL 2.519.0 mcg/L

P ropoxy phene , pla sm a (EDTA)

Thera peutic 0.10.4 mcg/mL 0.31.2 mcmol/L

Toxic >0.5 mcg/mL >1.5 mcmol/L

Propranolol, serum or plasma



*P rosta te-spec ific antigen (P SA),

serum

Ma le

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NOTE: INR=[(Patient PT)/(Normal PT)] *ISI where ISI is the international sensitivity index, a value provided by the reagent manufacturer.NOTE: target therapeutic range (international normalized ratio) of 2.03.0. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/112/5/e386NOTE: The American College of Chest Physicians has recommended a therapeutic INR range for adults of 2.03.0, except in patients with mechani-

cal cardiac valves who should have an INR of 2.53.5. 1target INR range of 2.63.8 for children with heart disease and a slightly lower range of2.13.3 for treating children with established venous thrombosis. Clinicians at Torontos Hospital for Sick Children used an INR range of 2.03.0initially but later found that a lower target of 1.31.8 was as effective and resulted in no bleeding complications.http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/pediatrics/pharma-news/jan95.pdfNOTE: The recommended therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolisms and pulmonary embolisms in an INR of2.5 with a range between 2.03.0, and children with mechanical prosthetic heart valves have a recommended therapeutic INR range of 3.0 INRrange between 2.53.5. Evaluate at that time. http://www.warfarinfo.com/pediatrics.htm

*Test values dependent on laboratory methods used.#http://www.labcorp.com/datasets/labcorp/html/chapter/mono/he005000.htm;http://www.utmb.edu/lsg/LabSurvivalGuide/hem/Sedimentation_Rate.htm

P rothrombin consumption >20 sec >20 sec

Prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (see NOTES below)

INR: birth6 mo 1.01.6

INR: 6 moa dult 0.91.2

P rotoporphyrin, tota l, WB 18 mcmol/L

Sa licylates, s erum o r plas ma


Thera peutic 150300 mcg/mL 1.092.17 mmol/L

Toxic >500 mcg/mL 3.62 mm ol/L#Sedimentation rate, erythrocyte

Westergren

Ma le: 050 y 015 mm/h

Ma le: >50 y 020 mm/h

Fema le: 050 y 020 mm/h

Fema le: >50 y 030 mm/h

Wintrobe

Ma les

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Theo phylline, s erum or plas ma

(Hep or EDTA)

Therap eutic

B ronchodila tor 820 mcg/mL 44111 mcmol/L

P rem. a pnea 613 mcg/mL 3372 mcmol/L

Toxic >20 mcg/mL >110 mcmol/LThiocya nat e

S erum o r plas ma (EDTA)

Nonsmoker 14 mcg/mL 1769 mcmol/L

S moker 312 mcg/mL 52206 mcmol/L

Thera peutic a fter 629 mcg/mL 103499 mcmol/L

nitroprusside infusion

Urine

Nonsmoker 14 mg/d 1769 mcmol/d

S moker 717 mg/d 120292 mcmol/d

Thiopenta l, se rum or plas ma


Hypnotic 1.05.0 mcg/mL 4.120.7 mcmol/L

Coma 30100 mcg/mL 124413 mcmol/L

Anesthes ia 7130 mcg/mL 29536 mcmol/L

Toxic concentra tion >10 mcg/mL >41 mcmol/L

*Thyroid-s timula ting hormone 0.44.2 mcU/mL 0.44.2 mU/L

(TS H), serum

Thyroxine serum 512 mcg/dL (va ries w ith a ge, 65155 nmol/L (va ires w ith a ge,

higher in children a nd higher in children a nd

pregna nt w omen) pregna nt women)

*Thyroxine, free, serum 0.82.7 ng/dL 10.335 pmol/L

Thyroxine binding globulin 1.23.0 mg/dL 1230 mg/L

(TBG), serum

Tobra mycin, se rum o r plas ma

(Hep or EDTA)

Therap eutic

Pea k

Less severe infec tion 58 mcg/mL 1117 mcmol/L

S evere infection 810 mcg/mL 1721 mcmol/L

Trough

Less severe infec tion

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LABORATORY REFERENCE RANGE VALUES


Uric Acid (continued)

C hild 2.05.5 mg/dL 0.120.32 mmol/L

Urine 250750 mg/24 h 1.484.43 mmol/24 h

(w ith norma l d iet) (w ith norma l d iet)

Urobilinogen, urine 0.10.8 Ehrlich unit/2 h 0.1-0.8 Eu/2h

0.54.0 Eu/d 0.54.0 Eu/dValproic a cid, s erum or plas ma




Vancomycin, serum or plasma

(Hep or EDTA);

Therap eutic

P ea k 2040 mcg/mL 1428 mcmol/L

Trough 510 mcg/mL 37 mcmol/L


Va nillylma ndelic a c id (VMA), 1.46.5 mg/24 h 733 mcmol/d

urine (4-hydroxy-3-

methoxymandelic ac id)

Viscos ity, serum 1.001.24 cP 1.001.24 cP

Vita min A, serum 3080 mcg/dL 1.052.8 mcmol/L

Vita min B 12, serum 110800 pg/mL 81590 pmol/L

Vitamin E, s erum

Norma l 518 mcg/mL 1242 mcmol/L

Thera peutic 3050 mcg/mL 69.6116 mcmol/L

Zinc , serum 70120 mcg/dL 10.718.4 mcmol/L

APP 112



lab range

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