lab view introduction-threehour
TRANSCRIPT
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Virtual Instrumentation With LabVIEW
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Course GoalsCourse Goals
• Understand the components of a Virtual InstrumentUnderstand the components of a Virtual Instrument• Introduce LabVIEW and common LabVIEW functions • Build a simple data acquisition application• Create a subroutine in LabVIEWCreate a subroutine in LabVIEW
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Section ISection I
• LabVIEW termsLabVIEW terms• Components of a LabVIEW application• LabVIEW programming tools• Creating an application in LabVIEWCreating an application in LabVIEW
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LabVIEW Programs Are Called Virtual Instruments (VIs)
Front Panel• Controls = Inputs
O• Indicators = Outputs
Block Diagram• Accompanying “program”Accompanying program
for front panel• Components “wired”
together
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VI Front PanelVI Front PanelFront Panel Toolbar
IconToolbar
G hBooleanControl Graph
LegendControl
WaveformWaveformGraph
PlotL d
ScaleL dLegend Legend
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VI Block DiagramgBlock Diagram
SubVI
Toolbar DivideFunction
GraphTerminal
SubVI
Wire Data
Terminal
Data
While LoopStructure
Numeric Constant
Timing Function
Boolean Control Terminal
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Express VIs, VIs and FunctionsExpress VIs, VIs and Functions• Express VIs: interactive VIs with configurable dialog page• Standard VIs: modularized VIs customized by wiring• Functions: fundamental operating elements of p g
LabVIEW; no front panel or block diagramFunctionFunction
Express VIExpress VI Standard VIStandard VI
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Controls and Functions PalettesControls and Functions Palettes
Controls Palette(Front Panel Window)
Functions Palette(Block Diagram Window)
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Tools Palette• Floating Palette• Used to operate and modify• Used to operate and modify
front panel and block diagram objects.j
Automatic Selection Tool
Operating Tool
Positioning/Resizing Tool
Scrolling Tool
Breakpoint Tool
Labeling Tool
Wiring Tool
Probe Tool
Color Copy ToolWiring Tool
Shortcut Menu Tool
Color Copy Tool
Coloring Tool
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Status Toolbar
R B tt
Status Toolbar
Run Button
Continuous Run Button Additional Buttons on the Diagram Toolbar
Abort Execution
Pause/Continue Button Execution Highlighting Button
g
Text Settings
Align ObjectsStep Into Button
Step Over ButtonDistribute Objects
Reorder
Step Over Button
Step Out Button
Resize front panel objects
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Open and Run a Virtual InstrumentOpen and Run a Virtual InstrumentExample finder
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Creating a VIFront Panel Window
Creating a VI
Block Diagram WindowBlock Diagram Window
ControlTerminals
Indicator Terminals
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Creating a VI – Block Diagramg g
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Wiring Tips – Block DiagramWiring Tips Block DiagramWiring “Hot Spot” Click To Select Wires
Clean Up WiringUse Automatic Wire Routing
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Dataflow Programming• Block diagram executes
dependent on the flo of data
g g
dependent on the flow of data; block diagram does NOT execute left to rightexecute left to right
N d t h d t i • Node executes when data is available to ALL input terminals
• Nodes supply data to all output t i l h dterminals when done
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Help OptionsHelp Options
C t t H lContext Help• Online help• Lock helpLock help• Simple/Complex Diagram help• Ctrl + H
Online reference• All menus online• Pop up on functions in diagram to access online info directly
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Exercise 1 - Convert °C to °FExercise 1 Convert C to F
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Debugging TechniquesDebugging Techniques• Finding Errors
• Execution Highlighting
Click on broken Run buttonWindow showing error appears
• Execution HighlightingClick on Execution Highlighting button; data flow is animated using bubbles. Values are
• Probe
gdisplayed on wires.
Ri ht li k i t di l b d itRight-click on wire to display probe and it shows data as it flows through wire segment
You can also select Probe tool from Tools palette and click on wire
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Section II – SubVIsSection II SubVIs
• What is a subVI?• Making an icon and • Making an icon and
connector for a subVIUsing a VI as a s bVI• Using a VI as a subVI
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Block Diagram NodesBlock Diagram Nodes
Icon Expandable Node Expanded Node Icon Expandable Node Expanded Node
• Function Generator VI• Same VI, viewed three different waysSame VI, viewed three different ways• Yellow field designates a standard VI
Blue field designates an Express VI• Blue field designates an Express VI
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SubVIsSubVIs• A SubVI is a VI that can be used within another VI• Similar to a subroutine• Advantagesg
– Modular– Easier to debugas e to debug– Don’t have to recreate code– Require less memoryRequire less memory
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Icon and Connector
• An icon represents a VI in other block di
Icondiagrams
• A connector shows available Terminals
A connector shows available terminals for data transfer
ConnectorConnector
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SubVIs S b VIS b VISubVIs Sub VIsSub VIs
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Steps to Create a SubVISteps to Create a SubVI
• Create the IconCreate the Icon• Create the Connector• Assign Terminals• Save the VISave the VI• Insert the VI into a Top Level VI
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Create the IconCreate the Icon• Right-click on the icon in the block diagram or front panel
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Create the ConnectorCreate the ConnectorRight click on the icon pane (front panel only)
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Assign TerminalsAssign Terminals
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Save The VISave The VI
• Choose an Easy to Remember Locationy• Organize by Functionality
– Save Similar VIs into one directory (e g Math Utilities)– Save Similar VIs into one directory (e.g. Math Utilities)• Organize by Application
S ll VI U d f S ifi A li ti i t– Save all VIs Used for a Specific Application into one directory or library file (e.g. Lab 1 – Frequency Response)Response)
• Library Files (.llbs) combine many VI’s into a single file, ideal for transferring entire applications across computers
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Insert the SubVI into a Top Level VIInsert the SubVI into a Top Level VIAccessing user-made subVIs
Functions >>All Functions >> Select a VIOr
D i diDrag icon onto target diagram
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Tips for Working in LabVIEWTips for Working in LabVIEW
• Keystroke Shortcutsy– <Ctrl-H> – Activate/Deactivate Context Help Window– <Ctrl-B> – Remove Broken Wires From Block DiagramCtrl B Remove Broken Wires From Block Diagram– <Ctrl-E> – Toggle Between Front Panel and Block
Diagramg– <Ctrl-Z> – Undo (Also in Edit Menu)
• Tools » Options… – Set Preferences in LabVIEWTools » Options… Set Preferences in LabVIEW• VI Properties – Configure VI Appearance, Documentation etcDocumentation, etc.
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Section III – Data AcquisitionSection III Data Acquisition
DAQ Device• Data acquisition (DAQ) basics• Connecting Signals• Simple DAQ application
Computer
Sensors
Terminal Block
Cable
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DAQ – Data AcquisitionDAQ Data AcquisitionTemperature Acquisition using the DAQ Assistant
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Data Acquisition TerminologyData Acquisition Terminology
• Resolution - Determines How Many Different Voltage Resolution Determines How Many Different Voltage Changes Can Be Measured
Larger Resolution More Precise Representation of Signal– Larger Resolution More Precise Representation of Signal• Range - Minimum and Maximum Voltages
– Smaller range More Precise Representation of Signal• Gain Amplifies or Attenuates Signal for Best Fit in • Gain - Amplifies or Attenuates Signal for Best Fit in Range
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Hardware ConnectionsHardware Connections
SC-2075BNC-2120
SC 2075
SCB-68
NI-ELVIS
SCB-68
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Exercise 2 – Simple Data AcquisitionExercise 2 Simple Data AcquisitionComplete Convert C to F.vi, then create Thermometer.vi.
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Section IV – Loops and ChartsSection IV Loops and Charts
• For Loopp• While Loop• Charts• Charts• Multiplots
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LoopsLoops
• While Loopsp– Have Iteration Terminal– Always Run at least Once– Run According to Conditional
Terminal
• For LoopsHave Iteration Terminal– Have Iteration Terminal
– Run According to input N of Count Terminal
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Loops (cont.)p ( )1. Select the loop 2. Enclose code to be repeated
3. Drop or drag additional nodes and then wire
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ChartsCharts
Waveform chart – special numeric indicator that can display a history of values
Controls >> Graph Indicators >> Waveform Chart
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Wiring Data into ChartsWiring Data into Charts
Single Plot Charts Multiplot Chartsg p
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Exercise 3 – Using loops Exercise 3 Using loops Students build Use a loop.vi.
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Section V – Arrays & File I/OSection V Arrays & File I/O• Build arrays manually• Have LabVIEW build arrays automatically• Write to a spreadsheet filep• Read from a spreadsheet file
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Adding an Array to the Front PanelAdding an Array to the Front PanelFrom the Controls >> All Controls >> Array and Cl t b l tt l t th A Sh llCluster subpalette, select the Array Shell
Drop it on the screen.
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Adding an Array (cont.)Adding an Array (cont.)
Place data object into shell (i.e. Numeric Control)j ( )
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Creating an Array with a LoopCreating an Array with a Loop
• Loops accumulate arrays at their boundariesp y
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Creating 2D ArraysCreating 2D Arrays
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File I/OFile I/OFile I/O – passing data to and from files- Files can be binary, text, or spreadsheet- Write/Read LabVIEW Measurements file (*.lvm)( )
Writing to LVM fileWriting to LVM file Reading from LVM fileReading from LVM file
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Write LabVIEW Measurement FileWrite LabVIEW Measurement File• Includes the open, write, close and error handling functions
f• Handles formatting the string with either a tab or comma delimiter
• Merge Signals function is used to combine data into the dynamic data type
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Exercise 4 – Analyzing and Logging DataExercise 4 Analyzing and Logging DataStudents build Temperature Logger.vi
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Where Do I Go From Here?Where Do I Go From Here?
• Example programs (Help» Find Examples…)Example programs (Help» Find Examples…)• LabVIEW Student Edition (www.ni.com/labviewse)• Web resources (ni.com)
– NI Developer Zone (zone.ni.com)NI Developer Zone (zone.ni.com)– Application Notes
Info labview newsgroup (www info labview org/)– Info-labview newsgroup (www.info-labview.org/)– Instrument Driver Library (www.ni.com/idnet)