laboratory corporation of america holdings form 10-q

UNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to ______

Commission file number 1-11353

LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware 13-3757370

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

358 South Main Street Burlington, North Carolina 27215

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code) 336-229-1127

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act.

Title of Each Class Trading Symbol Name of exchange on which registeredCommon Stock, $0.10 par value LH New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filingrequirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 ofRegulation S-T (paragraph 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submitsuch files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or anemerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growthcompany” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any newor revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒.

The number of shares outstanding of the issuer's common stock is 97.4 million shares as of July 29, 2020.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets 2 June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations 3 Three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings 4Three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity 5 Three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 6 Six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements 7 Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 27 Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 38 Item 4. Controls and Procedures 39

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings 40 Item 1A. Risk Factors 40 Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 42

Item 5. Other Information 42 Item 6. Exhibits 42

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INDEX

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)

LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIESCONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in millions)(unaudited)

June 30,2020

December 31,2019

ASSETS Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents $ 557.0 $ 337.5 Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $29.1 and $19.0 as of June 30, 2020 andDecember 31, 2019, respectively 1,661.0 1,543.9 Unbilled services 535.4 481.4 Supplies inventory 342.3 244.7 Prepaid expenses and other 317.5 373.7 Total current assets 3,413.2 2,981.2

Property, plant and equipment, net 2,627.7 2,636.6 Goodwill, net 7,422.7 7,865.0 Intangible assets, net 3,877.2 4,034.5 Joint venture partnerships and equity method investments 72.3 84.9 Deferred income taxes 4.9 8.8 Other assets, net 431.1 435.4

Total assets $ 17,849.1 $ 18,046.4

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities:

Accounts payable $ 534.1 $ 632.3 Accrued expenses and other 1,032.7 942.4 Unearned revenue 473.3 451.0 Short-term operating lease liabilities 195.3 206.5 Short-term finance lease liabilities 8.2 8.4 Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt 790.8 415.2 Total current liabilities 3,034.4 2,655.8

Long-term debt, less current portion 5,416.6 5,789.8 Operating lease liabilities 615.5 596.6 Financing lease liabilities 87.5 91.1 Deferred income taxes and other tax liabilities 907.3 942.8 Other liabilities 415.6 383.2 Total liabilities 10,476.9 10,459.3 Commitments and contingent liabilitiesNoncontrolling interest 19.5 20.1 Shareholders’ equity:

Common stock, 97.3 and 97.2 shares outstanding at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively 9.0 9.0 Additional paid-in capital 32.1 26.8 Retained earnings 7,760.6 7,903.6 Accumulated other comprehensive loss (449.0) (372.4)

Total shareholders’ equity 7,352.7 7,567.0

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 17,849.1 $ 18,046.4

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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INDEX

LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIESCONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in millions, except per share data)(unaudited)

Three Months Ended June30, Six Months Ended June 30,

2020 2019 2020 2019

Revenues $ 2,768.8 $ 2,881.7 $ 5,592.6 $ 5,672.9 Cost of revenues 2,008.3 2,056.9 4,104.1 4,058.4 Gross profit 760.5 824.8 1,488.5 1,614.5 Selling, general and administrative expenses 396.3 415.3 791.8 809.1 Amortization of intangibles and other assets 60.1 60.2 122.4 117.3 Goodwill and other asset impairments — — 437.4 — Restructuring and other charges 6.4 13.6 31.8 34.2

Operating income 297.7 335.7 105.1 653.9 Other income (expense):

Interest expense (52.7) (59.1) (107.7) (115.8) Equity method income (loss), net 1.8 2.5 (4.8) 5.5

Investment income 2.5 1.4 5.1 2.0 Other, net 47.7 (10.5) 31.6 (20.9)

Earnings before income taxes 297.0 270.0 29.3 524.7 Provision for income taxes 65.4 79.3 114.6 148.1

Net earnings (loss) 231.6 190.7 (85.3) 376.6 Less: Net earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interest — (0.3) (0.3) (0.6)

Net earnings (loss) attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings $ 231.6 $ 190.4 $ (85.6) $ 376.0

Basic earnings (loss) per common share $ 2.38 $ 1.94 $ (0.88) $ 3.82 Diluted earnings (loss) per common share $ 2.37 $ 1.93 $ (0.88) $ 3.79


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INDEX

LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIESCONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS

(in millions, except per share data)(unaudited)

Three Months Ended June30, Six Months Ended June 30,

2020 2019 2020 2019

Net earnings (loss) $ 231.6 $ 190.7 $ (85.3) $ 376.6 Foreign currency translation adjustments 66.9 25.6 (80.5) 47.2 Net benefit plan adjustments 2.7 2.8 5.4 5.5

Other comprehensive earnings (loss) before tax 69.6 28.4 (75.1) 52.7 Provision (benefit) for income tax related to items of comprehensive earnings (0.7) (0.8) (1.5) (1.5)

Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax 68.9 27.6 (76.6) 51.2

Comprehensive earnings (loss) 300.5 218.3 (161.9) 427.8 Less: Net earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interest — (0.3) (0.3) (0.6)

Comprehensive earnings (loss) attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings $ 300.5 $ 218.0 $ (162.2) $ 427.2


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INDEX

LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIESCONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY(in millions)(unaudited)

CommonStock

AdditionalPaid-inCapital

RetainedEarnings

TreasuryStock

AccumulatedOther

ComprehensiveEarnings (Loss)

TotalShareholders’

Equity

BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2018 $ 11.7 $ 1,451.1 $ 7,079.8 $ (1,108.1) $ (463.1) $ 6,971.4 Net earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings — — 185.6 — — 185.6 Other comprehensive earnings, net of tax — — — — 23.6 23.6 Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans — 24.7 — — — 24.7 Net share settlement tax payments from issuance of stock to employees — — — (19.4) — (19.4) Stock compensation — 25.5 — — — 25.5 Purchase of common stock (0.1) (100.0) — — — (100.1) BALANCE AT MARCH 31, 2019 $ 11.6 $ 1,401.3 $ 7,265.4 $ (1,127.5) $ (439.5) $ 7,111.3 Net earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings — — 190.4 — — 190.4 Other comprehensive earnings, net of tax — — — — 27.6 27.6 Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans — 9.2 — — — 9.2 Net share settlement tax payments from issuance of stock to employees — — — (20.7) — (20.7) Stock compensation — 26.5 — — — 26.5 Retirement of treasury stock (2.4) (1,145.8) — 1,148.2 — — Purchase of common stock (0.1) (199.8) — — — (199.9) BALANCE AT JUNE 30, 2019 $ 9.1 $ 91.4 $ 7,455.8 $ — $ (411.9) $ 7,144.4

BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2019 $ 9.0 $ 26.8 $ 7,903.6 $ — $ (372.4) $ 7,567.0 Adoption of credit loss accounting standard — — (7.0) — — (7.0) Net earnings (loss) attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings — — (317.2) — — (317.2) Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax — — — — (145.5) (145.5) Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans — 26.9 — — — 26.9 Net share settlement tax payments from issuance of stock to employees — (22.0) — — — (22.0) Stock compensation — 17.9 — — — 17.9 Purchase of common stock — (49.6) (50.4) — — (100.0) BALANCE AT MARCH 31, 2020 $ 9.0 $ — $ 7,529.0 $ — $ (517.9) $ 7,020.1 Net earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings — — 231.6 — — 231.6 Other comprehensive earnings, net of tax — — — — 68.9 68.9 Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans — 1.8 — — — 1.8 Net share settlement tax payments from issuance of stock to employees — (9.5) — — — (9.5) Stock compensation — 39.8 — — — 39.8 Purchase of common stock — — — — — —

BALANCE AT JUNE 30, 2020 $ 9.0 $ 32.1 $ 7,760.6 $ — $ (449.0) $ 7,352.7


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INDEX

LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIESCONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in millions)(unaudited)

Six Months Ended June 30,

2020 2019

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net earnings (loss) $ (85.3) $ 376.6 Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization 288.5 277.1 Stock compensation 57.7 52.0

Operating lease right-of-use asset expense 103.9 94.0 Goodwill and other asset impairments 437.4 — Deferred income taxes (29.4) 15.2 Other 55.4 21.3 Change in assets and liabilities (net of effects of acquisitions and divestitures):

Increase in accounts receivable (124.2) (91.1) Increase in unbilled services (58.9) (67.4) Increase in supplies inventory (98.4) (1.7) (Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other 33.1 16.1 Decrease in accounts payable (88.9) (109.0) (Decrease) increase in unearned revenue 28.9 (5.0) Decrease (increase) in accrued expenses and other 54.7 (158.8)

Net cash provided by operating activities 574.5 419.3

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Capital expenditures (205.1) (179.4) Proceeds from sale of assets 7.2 4.2 Proceeds from sale or distribution of investments 1.0 3.4 Investments in equity affiliates (21.8) (15.8) Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired (11.3) (703.7)

Net cash used for investing activities (230.0) (891.3)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Proceeds from term loan — 850.0 Payments on term loan — (250.0) Proceeds from revolving credit facilities 151.7 419.5 Payments on revolving credit facilities (151.7) (384.5) Net share settlement tax payments from issuance of stock to employees (31.5) (40.1) Net proceeds from issuance of stock to employees 28.8 33.9 Purchase of common stock (100.0) (300.0) Other (17.0) (17.1)

Net cash used for financing activities (119.7) 311.7 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (5.3) (1.1)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 219.5 (161.4) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 337.5 426.8 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 557.0 $ 265.4


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INDEXLABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)

1. BASIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT PRESENTATION

Laboratory Corporation of America® Holdings together with its subsidiaries (the Company) is a leading global life sciences company that is deeplyintegrated in guiding patient care, providing comprehensive clinical laboratory and end-to-end drug development services. The Company’s mission is toimprove health and improve lives by delivering world-class diagnostic solutions, bringing innovative medicines to patients faster and using technology toprovide better care. The Company serves a broad range of customers, including managed care organizations (MCOs), biopharmaceutical companies,governmental agencies, physicians and other healthcare providers (e.g., physician assistants and nurse practitioners, generally referred to herein asphysicians), hospitals and health systems, employers, patients and consumers, contract research organizations (CROs), and independent clinicallaboratories.

The Company reports its business in two segments, LabCorp Diagnostics (LCD) and Covance Drug Development (CDD). For further financialinformation about these segments, see Note 16 Business Segment Information to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. During the threemonths ended June 30, 2020, LCD and CDD contributed approximately 61% and 39% respectively, of revenues to the Company. During the six monthsended June 30, 2020, LCD and CDD contributed approximately 60% and 40%, respectively, of revenues to the Company.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries for which it exercisescontrol. Long-term investments in affiliated companies in which the Company exercises significant influence, but which it does not control, are accountedfor using the equity method. Investments in which the Company does not exercise significant influence (generally, when the Company has an investment ofless than 20.0% and no representation on the investee's board of directors) are accounted for at fair value or at cost minus impairment adjusted forobservable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer for those investments that do not have readilydeterminable fair values. All significant inter-company transactions and accounts have been eliminated. The Company does not have any significantvariable interest entities or special purpose entities whose financial results are not included in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

The financial statements of the Company's operating foreign subsidiaries are measured using the local currency as the functional currency. Assets andliabilities are translated at exchange rates as of the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average monthly exchange rates prevailingduring the period. Resulting translation adjustments are included in “Accumulated other comprehensive income.”

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustmentsnecessary for a fair statement of results of operations, cash flows, and financial position have been made. Except as otherwise disclosed, all suchadjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. The year-end condensed consolidatedbalance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles.

The condensed consolidated financial statements and notes are presented in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States (U.S.)Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and do not contain certain information included in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K (AnnualReport). Therefore, these interim statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in theCompany’s Annual Report.

Recently Adopted GuidanceIn June 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standard intended to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about

expected credit losses and other commitments to extend credit held by the reporting entity. The standard replaces the incurred loss impairment methodologyin current generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) with one that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range ofreasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The Company recorded an opening retained earnings adjustment of $7.0 with theadoption of this standard on January 1, 2020.

In August 2018, the FASB issued a new accounting standard to reduce, modify, and add to the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. TheCompany adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated financialstatements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued a new accounting standard to align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hostingarrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred

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to develop or obtain internal-use software. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have amaterial impact on the consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting PronouncementsIn August 2018, the FASB issued a new accounting standard to reduce, modify, and add to the disclosure requirements on defined benefit pension and

other postretirement plans. The standard is effective on January 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impactthis new standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued a new accounting standard to simplify accounting for income taxes and remove, modify, and add to the disclosurerequirements of income taxes. The standard is effective January 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impactthis new standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In January 2020, the FASB issued a new accounting standard to clarify the interaction of the accounting for equity securities and investments accountedfor under the equity method of accounting and the accounting for certain forward contracts and purchased options. The standard is effective January 1,2021. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued a new accounting standard to provide optional expedients and exceptions if certain conditions are met for applyingGAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform. The expedients and exceptions in the standard areeffective between March 12, 2020 and December 31, 2022. The Company did not elect to apply any of the expedients or exceptions for the period endedJune 30, 2020 and is currently evaluating the impact this new standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.

Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Financial Statement Impact

In March 2020, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic. COVID-19 has had and continues to have an extensive impact on the global health and economicenvironment. Given the continued unpredictability of the COVID-19 pandemic and the corresponding government restrictions and customer behavior, thereare a wide-range of feasible financial results for 2020. While the Company's Base Business continues to be negatively impacted by the COVID-19pandemic, the Company's outlook has improved across the enterprise. Base Business includes the Company's business operations except for molecular andserology COVID-19 testing (COVID-19 Testing).

In LCD, demand for its Base Business continues to be below the Company's historical levels; however, the Company's Base Business has been steadilyrecovering from its trough in April, while at the same time COVID-19 Testing continues to grow and the Company continues to increase capacity for itsCOVID-19 molecular and antibody tests.

In CDD, while the pandemic is expected to continue to negatively impact its business, this impact is expected to subside throughout the year as CDDcontinues to work on projects supporting global vaccine and treatment development, with additional support from COVID-19 Testing.

As a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, during the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded goodwill and other assetimpairment charges of $437.4: $426.4 within CDD and $11.0 within LCD, all of which were recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2020. See Note6 Goodwill and Intangible Assets for discussion of goodwill and intangible asset impairment and Note 2 Revenue for the discussion of credit losses andadditional price concessions. The Company also wrote-off or wrote down certain of the Company's investments by $25.4 due to the impact of COVID-19,$7.1 included in Equity method earnings (loss), net (recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2020), and $18.3 included in Other, net ($13.1 recordedduring the three months ended March 31, 2020 and $5.2 recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2020).

In April 2020, the Company received cash payments of approximately $55.9 from the Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund for providerrelief (Relief Fund) that was appropriated by Congress to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, andEconomic Security Act (CARES Act). Upon receiving and satisfying the terms and conditions associated with the distributed funds, the Companyaccounted for the transaction by applying the guidance in ASC 450-30 Gain Contingencies, and recorded these funds in Other, net non-operating income inthe Consolidated Statement of Operations as of June 30, 2020.

The Company instituted numerous actions to help mitigate the financial impact from the COVID-19 pandemic, which included furloughs, reducedhours, and the suspension of discretionary merit adjustments and 401(k) plan contributions in the

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United States (U.S.). In response to its improved business operations, the Company has been rapidly resuming regular work schedules and is proceedingwith merit adjustments and will retroactively reinstate 401(k) plan contributions in the U.S.

Use of Estimates

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic has and will impact the Company’s business and financial results will depend on numerous evolvingfactors including, but not limited to: the magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, the extent to which it will impact worldwide macroeconomicconditions including interest rates, employment rates and health insurance coverage, the speed of the anticipated recovery, and governmental and businessreactions to the pandemic. The Company assessed certain accounting matters that generally require consideration of forecasted financial information incontext with the information reasonably available to the Company and the unknown future impacts of COVID-19 as of June 30, 2020 and through the dateof this report. The accounting matters assessed included, but were not limited to, the Company’s implicit price concessions and credit losses, equityinvestments, notes receivable and the carrying value of goodwill and other long-lived assets. The Company’s future assessment of the magnitude andduration of COVID-19, as well as other factors, could result in additional material impacts to the Company’s consolidated financial statements in futurereporting periods.

2. REVENUESThe Company's revenues by segment payers/customer groups for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, were as follows:

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020

U.S. CanadaUnited

Kingdom Switzerland Other Europe Other TotalPayer/CustomerLCD Clients 20 % 1 % — % — % — % — % 21 % Patients 7 % — % — % — % — % — % 7 % Medicare and Medicaid 7 % — % — % — % — % — % 7 % Third-party 25 % 1 % — % — % — % — % 26 %

Total LCD revenues by payer 59 % 2 % — % — % — % — % 61 %

CDD Biopharmaceutical and medicaldevice companies 18 % — % 5 % 4 % 3 % 9 % 39 %

Total revenues 77 % 2 % 5 % 4 % 3 % 9 % 100 %

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2019

U.S. CanadaUnited




Total revenues 78 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 3 % 7 % 100 %

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For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020

U.S. CanadaUnited




Total revenues 76 % 3 % 5 % 5 % 3 % 8 % 100 %


U.S. CanadaUnited




Total revenues 78 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 3 % 7 % 100 %

Contract costsCDD incurs sales commissions in the process of obtaining contracts with customers, which are recoverable through the service fees in the contract.

Sales commissions that are payable upon contract award are recognized as assets and amortized over the expected contract term, along with related payrolltax expense. The amortization of commission expense is based on the weighted average contract duration for all commissionable awards in the respectivebusiness in which the commission expense is paid, which approximates the period over which goods and services are transferred to the customer. Theamortization period of sales commissions ranges from approximately 1 to 5 years, depending on the business. For businesses that enter into primarily short-term contracts, the Company applies the practical expedient, which allows costs to obtain a contract to be expensed when incurred if the amortizationperiod of the assets that would otherwise have been recognized is one year or less. Amortization of assets from sales commissions is included in selling,general, and administrative expense.

CDD incurs costs to fulfill contracts with customers, which are recoverable through the service fees in the contract. Contract fulfillment costs includesoftware implementation costs and setup costs for certain market access solutions. These costs are recognized as assets and amortized over the expectedterm of the contract to which the implementation relates, which is the period over which services are expected to be provided to the customer. This periodtypically ranges from 2 to 5 years. Amortization of deferred contract fulfillment costs is included in cost of goods sold.

June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019Sales commission assets $ 32.0 $ 28.6 Deferred contract fulfillment costs 13.3 14.9

Total $ 45.3 $ 43.5

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Amortization related to sales commission assets and associated payroll taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, was $5.5 and $5.1,respectively and for the six month periods ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, was $10.8 and $9.5, respectively. Amortization related to deferred contractfulfillment costs for the three months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, was $2.3 and $1.9, respectively, and was $5.3 and $3.8, respectively, for the sixmonth periods ended June 30, 2020, and 2019.

Receivables, Unbilled Services and Unearned RevenueUnbilled services are comprised primarily of unbilled receivables, but also include contract assets. A contract asset is recorded when a right to payment

has been earned for work performed, but billing and payment for that work is determined by certain contractual milestones, whereas unbilled receivablesare billable upon the passage of time. While CDD attempts to negotiate terms that provide for billing and payment of services prior or in close proximity tothe provision of services, this is not always possible and there are fluctuations in the level of unbilled services and unearned revenue from period to period.The following table provides information about receivables, unbilled services, and unearned revenue (contract liabilities) from contracts with customers forCDD.

June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019Receivables, which are included in accounts receivable $ 730.5 $ 771.1 Unbilled services 539.7 483.7 Unearned revenue 471.4 449.2

Revenues recognized during the period, that were included in the unearned revenue balance at the beginning of the period for the six months endedJune 30, 2020, and June 30, 2019, were $102.2 and $161.6, respectively.

Credit Loss RollforwardWith the adoption of current expected credit loss standard in 2020, the Company estimates future expected losses on accounts receivable, unbilled servicesand notes receivable over the remaining collection period of the instrument. The rollforward for the allowance for credit losses for the six months endedJune 30, 2020, is as follows:


AccountsReceivable

UnbilledServices

NoteReceivable Total

Allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2019 $ 19.0 $ 2.3 $ — $ 21.3 Current expected credit losses opening balance impact on retained earnings 1.9 0.2 5.0 7.1 Plus, credit loss expense 9.1 1.9 5.0 16.0 Less, write offs 0.9 0.1 — 1.0

Ending allowance for credit losses $ 29.1 $ 4.3 $ 10.0 $ 43.4

The note receivable is the floating note receivable due 2022 from the Envigo transaction which is recorded in Other assets, net.

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company also recorded $23.3 of additional implicit price concessions as a result of anticipatedcollection challenges from the economic decline.

Performance Obligations Under Long-Term ContractsLong-term contracts at the Company consist primarily of fully managed clinical studies within CDD. The amount of existing performance obligations

under such long-term contracts unsatisfied as of June 30, 2020, was $4,498.8. The Company expects to recognize approximately 31% of the remainingperformance obligations as of June 30, 2020, as revenue over the next 12 months, and the balance thereafter. The Company's long-term contracts generallyrange from 1 to 8 years.

Within CDD, revenues of $13.7 and $48.4 were recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively, from performanceobligations that were satisfied in previous periods. This revenue comes from adjustments related to changes in scope and estimates in full service clinicalstudies.

3. BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS

On June 3, 2019, CDD acquired Envigo's nonclinical contract research services business, expanding CDD's global nonclinical drug developmentcapabilities with additional locations and resources. Additionally, the Company divested the Covance Research Products (CRP) business, which was a partof CDD, to Envigo. As part of this sale, CDD entered into a multi-year, renewable supply agreement with Envigo. The Company paid cash consideration of$601.0, received a floating rate

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secured note of $110.0, and recorded a loss on the sale of CRP of $12.2. The Company funded the transaction through a new term loan facility.

The final valuation of acquired assets and assumed liabilities in the transaction as of June 3, 2019, include the following:

Consideration TransferredCash consideration $ 601.0 Fair value of CRP 110.0

Total $ 711.0

PreliminaryJune 30, 2019

MeasurementPeriod

AdjustmentsFinal

June 30, 2020Net Assets AcquiredCash and cash equivalents $ 15.1 $ (3.8) $ 11.3 Accounts receivable 16.5 (4.4) 12.1 Unbilled services 26.5 (0.9) 25.6 Inventories 4.5 — 4.5 Prepaid expenses and other 3.5 7.3 10.8 Property, plant and equipment (including ROU operating lease assets) 99.1 29.3 128.4 Deferred income taxes 25.5 (0.3) 25.2 Goodwill 432.2 (55.6) 376.6 Customer relationships 125.8 15.0 140.8 Trade name and trademarks 0.6 — 0.6 Other assets 9.9 — 9.9 Total assets acquired 759.2 (13.4) 745.8 Accounts payable 15.4 (0.2) 15.2 Accrued expenses and other 11.6 (1.2) 10.4 Unearned revenue 49.9 — 49.9 Operating lease liabilities 15.0 (15.0) — Other liabilities 66.3 3 69.3 Total liabilities acquired 158.2 (13.4) 144.8

Net Envigo assets acquired 601.0 $ — $ 601.0

Floating rate secured note receivable due 2022 110.0

Total $ 711.0

The final purchase consideration for Envigo has been allocated to the estimated fair market value of the net assets acquired, including approximately$141.4 in identifiable intangible assets and a residual amount of non-tax-deductible goodwill of approximately $376.6. The amortization period forintangible assets acquired is 11 years for customer relationships.

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded a $5.0 charge for the estimated credit loss related to the CDD floating rate securednote receivable due 2022 from Envigo.

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company acquired a business and related assets for approximately $17.3 in cash (including contingentconsideration of $6.0 and net of cash acquired). The purchase consideration for this acquisition has been allocated to the estimated fair market value of thenet assets acquired, including approximately $9.2 in identifiable intangible assets and a residual amount of non-tax deductible goodwill of approximately$8.1. This acquisition was made primarily to expand its specialty testing.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company acquired various businesses and related assets for approximately $117.7 in cash (net of cashacquired). The purchase consideration for all acquisitions in the six months ended June 30, 2019, has been allocated to the estimated fair market value ofthe net assets acquired, including approximately $90.7 in identifiable intangible assets and a residual amount of non-tax deductible goodwill forapproximately $53.8. The amortization periods for intangible assets acquired from these businesses range from 11 to 15 years for customer relationships.These acquisitions were made primarily to extend the Company's geographic reach in important market areas, enhance the Company's scientificdifferentiation and to expand the breadth and scope of the Company's CRO services. The excess of the fair value of the consideration conveyed over thefair value of the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. The goodwill reflects the Company's expectations to utilize the acquired businesses'workforce and established relationships and the benefits of being able to leverage operational efficiencies with favorable growth opportunities in thesemarkets.

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Unaudited Pro Forma Information

Had the Company's total 2019 and 2020 acquisitions been completed as of January 1, 2019, the Company's pro forma results would have been as follows:

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,2020 2019 2020 2019

Revenues $ 2,770.7 $ 2,941.0 $ 5,596.7 $ 5,775.9 Net earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings $ 231.8 $ 194.3 $ (84.9) $ 382.6

4. EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings by the weightedaverage number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings including the impact of dilutiveadjustments by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus potentially dilutive shares, as if they had been issued at the earlier of thedate of issuance or the beginning of the period presented. Potentially dilutive common shares result primarily from the Company’s outstanding stockoptions, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, and performance share awards.

The following represents a reconciliation of basic earnings (loss) per share to diluted earnings (loss) per share:

Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30,

2020 2019 2020 2019

Earnings SharesPer ShareAmount Earnings Shares

Per ShareAmount

Earnings(Loss) Shares

Per ShareAmount Earnings Shares

Per ShareAmount

Basic earnings (loss) pershare: Net earnings (loss) $ 231.6 97.3 $ 2.38 $ 190.4 98.1 $ 1.94 $ (85.6) 97.2 $ (0.88) $ 376.0 98.4 $ 3.82

Dilutive effect ofemployee stock options andawards — 0.4 — 0.7 — — — 0.7 Net earnings (loss)including impact of dilutiveadjustments (a) $ 231.6 97.7 $ 2.37 $ 190.4 98.8 $ 1.93 $ (85.6) 97.2 $ (0.88) $ 376.0 99.1 $ 3.79

(a) Due to the Company's net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2020, diluted earnings (loss) per share is the same as basic earnings (loss) per share.

Diluted earnings per share represent the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised orconverted into common stock. These potential shares include dilutive stock options and unissued restricted stock awards. The following table summarizesthe potential common shares not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their impact would have been antidilutive:


2020 2019 2020 2019

Employee stock options and awards 0.8 0.2 1.3 0.2

5. RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER CHARGES

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded net restructuring and other charges of $31.8: $11.8 within LCD and $20.0 withinCDD. The charges were comprised of $10.5 related to severance and other personnel costs, $8.0 for a CDD lab facility and equipment impairments, and$20.0 in facility closures, impairment of operating lease right-of use assets and general integration activities. The charges were offset by the reversal ofpreviously established liability of $1.0 and $5.7 in unused severance costs and facility-related costs, respectively.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded net restructuring and other charges of $34.2: $16.1 within LCD and $18.1 withinCDD. The charges were comprised of $20.3 related to severance and other personnel costs and $13.5 in costs associated with facility closures, impairmentof operating lease right-of-use assets and general integration initiatives. The charges were increased by the adjustment of previously established reserves of$0.4 in severance reserves.

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The following represents the Company’s restructuring reserve activities for the period indicated:

LCD CDD

Severance and OtherEmployee Costs

FacilityCosts

Severance and OtherEmployee Costs

FacilityCosts Total

Balance as of December 31, 2019 $ 0.5 $ 2.7 $ 5.5 $ 4.7 $ 13.4 Restructuring charges 2.7 3.5 7.8 6.4 20.4 Adjustments to prior restructuring accruals (0.1) (0.4) (0.9) (5.3) (6.7) Impairment of lab facility and equipment — — — 8.0 8.0 Impairment of operating lease right-of-use asset — 6.1 — 4.0 10.1 Cash payments and other adjustments (3.0) (9.9) (3.8) (15.5) (32.2)

Balance as of June 30, 2020 $ 0.1 $ 2.0 $ 8.6 $ 2.3 $ 13.0

Current $ 9.4 Non-current 3.6

$ 13.0

6. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the six months ended June 30, 2020, are as follows:

LCD CDD TotalBalance as of January 1, 2020 $ 3,721.5 $ 4,143.5 $ 7,865.0 Goodwill acquired during the period 8.1 — 8.1 Impairment (3.7) (418.7) (422.4) Foreign currency impact and other adjustments to goodwill 6.4 (34.4) (28.0)

Balance as of June 30, 2020 $ 3,732.3 $ 3,690.4 $ 7,422.7

The Company assesses goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstancesindicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Based upon the revised forecasted revenues and operating income following thedeclaration of the COVID-19 global pandemic, management concluded there was a triggering event and updated its annual 2019 goodwill impairmenttesting as of March 31, 2020, for its CDD reporting units, including one where the 2019 fair value exceeded carrying value by approximately 10%, and itsLCD reporting units. Based on the quantitative impairment assessment, the Company concluded that the fair value was less than carrying value for two ofits reporting units and recorded a goodwill impairment of $418.7 for the CDD segment and $3.7 for LCD segment.

The Company utilized a combination of income and market approaches to determine the fair value of the CDD reporting units. Based upon the results ofthe quantitative assessments, the Company concluded that the fair value was less than its carrying value for one of the CDD reporting units. A non-cashcharge of $418.7 was recognized and included in goodwill and other asset impairments on the Consolidated Statement of Operations to reduce the carryingamount of goodwill for the CDD reporting unit to fair value. Following the impairment charge, the carrying value of goodwill for this reporting unit is$1,560.5. The other CDD reporting unit evaluated indicated a fair value that exceeded carrying value by less than 10%. Management notes that a 1%change in the discount rate in the March 31, 2020, analysis would reduce the headroom to approximately 2.0%. Goodwill for this reporting unit as of June30, 2020 is $628.5.

The Company utilized the income approach to determine the fair value of the LCD reporting units. Based upon the results of the quantitativeassessments, the Company concluded the fair value of one of the reporting units was less than its carrying value. A non-cash charge of $3.7 was recognizedand included in goodwill and other asset impairments on the Consolidated Statement of Operations to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill for this LCDreporting unit to zero. The other LCD reporting unit evaluated indicated a fair value that exceeded carrying value by less than 10.0%. Management notesthat a 1% change in the discount rate in the March 31, 2020, analysis would cause the fair value to be less than carrying value and would result in animpairment of approximately $40.0. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles of Canadian licenses for this reporting unit as of June 30, 2020 were $84.4and $459.7, respectively.

Although the Company believes that the current assumptions and estimates used in its goodwill analysis are reasonable, supportable, and appropriate,continued efforts to maintain or improve the performance of this business could be impacted by unfavorable or unforeseen changes which could impact theexisting assumptions used in the impairment analysis. Various

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factors could reasonably be expected to unfavorably impact existing assumptions: primarily delays in new customer bookings and the related delay inrevenue from new customers, increases in customer termination activity or increases in operating costs. In addition, given the ongoing and rapidly changingnature of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is significant uncertainty regarding the duration and severity of the pandemic as well as any future governmentrestrictions, which may unfavorably impact existing assumptions. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for thepurposes of the goodwill impairment analysis will prove to be accurate predictions of future performance.

The Company will continue to monitor the financial performance of and assumptions for its reporting units. Management's impairment analysis utilizessignificant judgments and assumptions related to the market comparable method analysis, such as selected market multiples, and those related to cash flowprojections, such as revenue and terminal growth rates, projected operating margin, and the discount rate. A significant increase in the discount rate,decrease in the revenue and terminal growth rates, decreased operating margin, or substantial reductions in end markets and volume assumptions, couldhave a negative impact on the estimated fair value of the reporting units. A future impairment charge for goodwill or intangible assets could have a materialeffect on the Company's consolidated financial position and results of operations.

The components of identifiable intangible assets are as follows:

June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019

Gross CarryingAmount

AccumulatedAmortization Net

Gross CarryingAmount

AccumulatedAmortization Net

Customer relationships $ 4,424.3 $ (1,419.9) $ 3,004.4 $ 4,441.7 $ (1,329.5) $ 3,112.2 Patents, licenses and technology 449.0 (245.5) 203.5 453.6 (235.7) 217.9 Non-compete agreements 96.2 (65.0) 31.2 90.9 (60.5) 30.4 Trade name 408.1 (234.3) 173.8 408.2 (219.9) 188.3 Land use right 10.8 (6.2) 4.6 10.9 (5.5) 5.4 Canadian licenses 459.7 — 459.7 480.3 — 480.3

$ 5,848.1 $ (1,970.9) $ 3,877.2 $ 5,885.6 $ (1,851.1) $ 4,034.5

The Company recorded a non-cash charge of $2.7 for the impairment of a CDD tradename during the six months ended June 30, 2020.

Amortization of intangible assets for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, was $60.1 and $60.2, respectively and for the six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019 was $122.4 and $117.3, respectively. Amortization expense for the net carrying amount of intangible assets is estimated to be$118.2 for the remainder of fiscal 2020, $235.6 in fiscal 2021, $229.6 in fiscal 2022, $224.2 in fiscal 2023, $219.2 in fiscal 2024, and $2,311.1 thereafter.

7. DEBTShort-term borrowings and the current portion of long-term debt at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, consisted of the following:

June 30,2020

December 31,2019

4.625% senior notes due 2020 $ 414.6 $ 413.7 2019 Term Loan 375.0 — Debt issuance costs (1.0) (0.7) Current portion of note payable 2.2 2.2

Total short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt $ 790.8 $ 415.2

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Long-term debt at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, consisted of the following:

June 30,2020

December 31,2019

3.20% senior notes due 2022 $ 500.0 $ 500.0 3.75% senior notes due 2022 500.0 500.0 4.00% senior notes due 2023 300.0 300.0 3.25% senior notes due 2024 600.0 600.0 3.60% senior notes due 2025 1,000.0 1,000.0 3.60% senior notes due 2027 600.0 600.0 4.70% senior notes due 2045 900.0 900.0 2.30% senior notes due 2024 400.0 400.0 2.95% senior notes due 2029 650.0 650.0 2019 Term Loan — 375.0 Debt issuance costs (39.8) (42.2) Note payable 6.4 7.0

Total long-term debt $ 5,416.6 $ 5,789.8

Credit FacilitiesOn June 3, 2019, the Company entered into a new $850.0 2019 term loan facility that matures on June 3, 2021. The 2019 term loan facility accrues

interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the Company's election, either a LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 0.55% to 1.175%, or a base ratedetermined according to a prime rate or federal funds rate plus a margin ranging from 0.0% to 0.175%. The 2019 term loan balance at June 30, 2020 andDecember 31, 2019, was $375.0 and $375.0, respectively. As of June 30, 2020, the effective interest rate on the 2019 term loan was 0.98%.

The Company also maintains a senior revolving credit facility consisting of a five-year facility in the principal amount of up to $1,000.0, with the optionof increasing the facility by up to an additional $350.0, subject to the agreement of one or more new or existing lenders to provide such additional amountsand certain other customary conditions. The revolving credit facility also provides for a subfacility of up to $100.0 for swing line borrowings and asubfacility of up to $150.0 for issuances of letters of credit. The Company is required to pay a facility fee on the aggregate commitments under therevolving credit facility, at a per annum rate ranging from 0.00% to 0.25%. The revolving credit facility is permitted to be used for general corporatepurposes, including working capital, capital expenditures, funding of share repurchases and certain other payments, acquisitions and other investments.There were no balances outstanding on the Company's current revolving credit facility at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019. As of June 30, 2020, theeffective interest rate on the revolving credit facility was 1.14%. The credit facility expires on September 15, 2022.

Under the term loan facility and the revolving credit facility, the Company is subject to negative covenants limiting subsidiary indebtedness and certainother covenants typical for investment grade-rated borrowers, and the Company is required to maintain certain leverage ratios. In May 2020, the Companyentered into amendments to its term loan facility and its revolving credit facility, in each case to, among other things, increase the maximum leverage ratiocovenant to 5.0x debt to last twelve months EBITDA for each of the three periods ended June 30, September 30, and December 31, 2020, 4.5x for periodended March 31, 2021 and then reverts back to 4.0x. The Company was in compliance with all covenants in the term loan facility and the revolving creditfacility at June 30, 2020 and expects that it will remain in compliance with its existing debt covenants for the next twelve months.

The Company's availability of $997.0 at June 30, 2020, under its revolving credit facility reflects a reduction equivalent to the amount of the Company'soutstanding letters of credit.

LiquidityDuring the fourth quarter of 2020, $412.2 of the Company's senior notes mature. The Company has elected to redeem these notes in August 2020 at par

using from available cash on hand and borrowings under its revolving credit facility.

At June 30, 2020, the Company had $557.0 of cash and $997.0 of available borrowings under its revolving credit facility, which does not mature until2022, and the Company was in compliance with all of its debt covenants. In May 2020, in order to obtain increased financial covenant flexibility, theCompany and its lenders entered into amendments to the term loan facility and the revolving credit facility to increase the maximum leverage ratio to 5.0xdebt to last twelve months EBITDA for the three month periods ending June 30, September 30 and December 31, 2020 and 4.5x for the period endedMarch 31, 2021. The amendments also provide that during any period in which the Company's leverage ratio exceeds 4.5x debt to last twelve months

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EBITDA (i) the Company will be prohibited from consummating share repurchases, subject to limited exceptions, (ii) borrowings under the revolvingcredit facility will accrue interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the Company's election, either a LIBOR rate plus a margin of 1.25% or a base rate plus amargin of 0.25%, (iii) the facility fee that the Company is required to pay on the aggregate commitments under the revolving credit facility will be 0.25%per annum, and (iv) borrowings under the term loan facility will accrue interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the Company's election, either a LIBOR rateplus a margin of 1.175% or a base rate plus a margin of 0.175%.

The Company is closely monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of its business and the effects such impacts will have on theCompany's liquidity.The significance of the impact on the Company’s business is not yet certain and depends on numerous evolving factors that theCompany may not be able to accurately predict.

8. PREFERRED STOCK AND COMMON SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The Company is authorized to issue up to 265.0 shares of common stock, par value $0.10 per share. The Company is authorized to issue up to 30.0shares of preferred stock, par value $0.10 per share. There were no preferred shares outstanding as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

The changes in common shares issued are summarized below:

Issued and Outstanding

Common shares at December 31, 2019 97.2 Common stock issued under employee stock plans 0.6 Retirement of common stock (0.5)

Common shares at June 30, 2020 97.3

Share Repurchase ProgramAt the end of 2019, the Company had outstanding authorization from the board of directors to purchase $900.0 of Company common stock. During

three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company purchased 0.6 shares of its common stock. When the Company repurchases shares, the amount paid torepurchase the shares in excess of the par or stated value is allocated to additional paid-in-capital unless subject to limitation or the balance in additionalpaid-in-capital is exhausted. Remaining amounts are recognized as a reduction in retained earnings. As of June 30, 2020, the Company had outstandingauthorization from the board of directors to purchase up to $800.0 of the Company's common stock. The repurchase authorization has no expiration date;however, the Company temporarily suspended stock repurchases beginning in March 2020 due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Earnings The components of accumulated other comprehensive earnings (loss) are as follows:

Foreign CurrencyTranslation

AdjustmentsNet Benefit Plan

Adjustments

Accumulated OtherComprehensive Earnings

(Loss)

Balance as of December 31, 2019 $ (285.4) $ (87.0) $ (372.4)

Current year adjustments (80.5) 5.4 (75.1) Tax effect of adjustments — (1.5) (1.5)

Balance as of June 30, 2020 $ (365.9) $ (83.1) $ (449.0)

9. INCOME TAXES

The Company does not recognize a tax benefit unless it concludes that it is more likely than not that the benefit will be sustained on audit by the taxingauthority based solely on the technical merits of the associated tax position. If the recognition threshold is met, the Company recognizes a tax benefitmeasured at the largest amount of the tax benefit that it believes is greater than 50% likely to be realized.

The gross unrecognized income tax benefits were $40.4 and $31.7 at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. It is anticipated that theamount of the unrecognized income tax benefits will change within the next 12 months; however, these changes are not expected to have a significantimpact on the results of operations, cash flows or the financial position of the Company.

As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, $40.4 and $31.7, respectively, are the approximate amounts of gross unrecognized income tax benefitsthat, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective income tax rate in future periods.

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The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized income tax benefits in income tax expense. Accrued interest and penaltiesrelated to uncertain tax positions totaled $8.2 and $5.5 as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

The Company has substantially concluded all U.S. federal income tax matters for years through 2015. Substantially all material state and local andforeign income tax matters have been concluded through 2014 and 2010, respectively.

The Company has various state and foreign income tax examinations ongoing throughout the year. The Company believes adequate provisions havebeen recorded related to all open tax years.

10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The Company is involved from time to time in various claims and legal actions, including arbitrations, class actions, and other litigation (includingthose described in more detail below), arising in the ordinary course of business. Some of these actions involve claims that are substantial in amount. Thesematters include, but are not limited to, intellectual property disputes; commercial and contract disputes; professional liability claims; employee-relatedmatters; and inquiries, including subpoenas and other civil investigative demands, from governmental agencies, Medicare or Medicaid payers and MCOsreviewing billing practices or requesting comment on allegations of billing irregularities that are brought to their attention through billing audits or thirdparties. The Company receives civil investigative demands or other inquiries from various governmental bodies in the ordinary course of its business. Suchinquiries can relate to the Company or other parties, including physicians and other health care providers. The Company works cooperatively to respond toappropriate requests for information.

The Company also is named from time to time in suits brought under the qui tam provisions of the False Claims Act and comparable state laws. Thesesuits typically allege that the Company has made false statements and/or certifications in connection with claims for payment from U.S. federal or statehealthcare programs. The suits may remain under seal (hence, unknown to the Company) for some time while the government decides whether to interveneon behalf of the qui tam plaintiff. Such claims are an inevitable part of doing business in the healthcare field today.

The Company believes that it is in compliance in all material respects with all statutes, regulations, and other requirements applicable to its commerciallaboratory operations and drug development support services. The healthcare diagnostics and drug development industries are, however, subject toextensive regulation, and the courts have not interpreted many of the applicable statutes and regulations. Therefore, the applicable statutes and regulationscould be interpreted or applied by a prosecutorial, regulatory, or judicial authority in a manner that would adversely affect the Company. Potential sanctionsfor violation of these statutes and regulations include significant civil and criminal penalties, fines, the loss of various licenses, certificates andauthorizations, additional liabilities from third-party claims, and/or exclusion from participation in government programs.

Many of the current claims and legal actions against the Company are in preliminary stages, and many of these cases seek an indeterminate amount ofdamages. The Company records an aggregate legal reserve, which is determined using calculations based on historical loss rates and assessment of trendsexperienced in settlements and defense costs. In accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 450 “Contingencies,” the Companyestablishes reserves for judicial, regulatory, and arbitration matters outside the aggregate legal reserve if and when those matters present loss contingenciesthat are both probable and estimable and would exceed the aggregate legal reserve. When loss contingencies are not both probable and estimable, theCompany does not establish separate reserves.

The Company is unable to estimate a range of reasonably probable loss for the proceedings described in more detail below in which damages eitherhave not been specified or, in the Company's judgment, are unsupported and/or exaggerated and (i) the proceedings are in early stages; (ii) there isuncertainty as to the outcome of pending appeals or motions; (iii) there are significant factual issues to be resolved; and/or (iv) there are novel legal issuesto be presented. For these proceedings, however, the Company does not believe, based on currently available information, that the outcomes will have amaterial adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, though the outcomes could be material to the Company's operating results for any particularperiod, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period.

As previously reported, the Company responded to an October 2007 subpoena from the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Office ofInspector General's regional office in New York. On August 17, 2011, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York unsealed a FalseClaims Act lawsuit, United States of America ex rel. NPT Associates v. Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, which alleges that the Companyoffered UnitedHealthcare kickbacks in the form of discounts in return for Medicare business. The Plaintiff's Third Amended Complaint further alleges thatthe Company's billing practices violated the False Claims Acts of 14 states and the District of Columbia. The lawsuit seeks actual and treble damages andcivil penalties for each alleged false claim, as well as recovery of costs, attorney's fees, and legal expenses.

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Neither the U.S. government nor any state government has intervened in the lawsuit. The Company's Motion to Dismiss was granted in October 2014 andPlaintiff was granted the right to replead. On January 11, 2016, Plaintiff filed a motion requesting leave to file an amended complaint under seal and tovacate the briefing schedule for the Company's Motion to Dismiss, while the government reviews the amended complaint. The Court granted the motionand vacated the briefing dates. Plaintiff then filed the Amended Complaint under seal. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.

In addition, the Company has received various other subpoenas since 2007 related to Medicaid billing. In October 2009, the Company received asubpoena from the State of Michigan Department of Attorney General seeking documents related to its billing to Michigan Medicaid. The Companycooperated with this request. In October 2013, the Company received a Civil Investigative Demand from the State of Texas Office of the Attorney Generalrequesting documents related to its billing to Texas Medicaid. The Company cooperated with this request. On October 5, 2018, the Company received asecond Civil Investigative Demand from the State of Texas Office of the Attorney General requesting documents related to its billing to Texas Medicaid.The Company is cooperating with this request.

On August 31, 2015, the Company was served with a putative class action lawsuit, Patty Davis v. Laboratory Corporation of America, et al., filed in theCircuit Court of the Thirteenth Judicial Circuit for Hillsborough County, Florida. The complaint alleges that the Company violated the Florida ConsumerCollection Practices Act by billing patients who were collecting benefits under the Workers' Compensation Statutes. The lawsuit seeks injunctive relief andactual and statutory damages, as well as recovery of attorney's fees and legal expenses. In April 2017, the Circuit Court granted the Company’s Motion forJudgment on the Pleadings. The Plaintiff appealed the Circuit Court’s ruling to the Florida Second District Court of Appeal. On October 16, 2019, theCourt of Appeal reversed the Circuit Court’s dismissal, but certified a controlling issue of Florida law to the Florida Supreme Court. On February 17, 2020,the Florida Supreme Court accepted jurisdiction of the lawsuit. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.

In December 2014, the Company received a Civil Investigative Demand issued pursuant to the U.S. False Claims Act from the U.S. Attorney's Officefor South Carolina, which requested information regarding alleged remuneration and services provided by the Company to physicians who also receiveddraw and processing/handling fees from competitor laboratories Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc. (HDL) and Singulex, Inc. (Singulex). The Companycooperated with the request. On April 4, 2018, the U.S. District Court for the District of South Carolina, Beaufort Division, unsealed a False Claims Actlawsuit, United States of America ex rel. Scarlett Lutz, et al. v. Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, which alleges that the Company's financialrelationships with referring physicians violate federal and state anti-kickback statutes. The Plaintiffs' Fourth Amended Complaint further alleges that theCompany conspired with HDL and Singulex in violation of the Federal False Claims Act and the California and Illinois insurance fraud prevention acts byfacilitating HDL's and Singulex's offers of illegal inducements to physicians and the referral of patients to HDL and Singulex for laboratory testing. Thelawsuit seeks actual and treble damages and civil penalties for each alleged false claim, as well as recovery of costs, attorney's fees, and legal expenses.Neither the U.S. government nor any state government has intervened in the lawsuit. The Company filed a Motion to Dismiss seeking the dismissal of theclaims asserted under the California and Illinois insurance fraud prevention statutes, the conspiracy claim, the reverse False Claims Act claim, and allclaims based on the theory that the Company performed medically unnecessary testing. On January 16, 2019, the Court entered an order granting in partand denying in part the Motion to Dismiss. The Court dismissed the Plaintiffs' claims based on the theory that the Company performed medicallyunnecessary testing, the claims asserted under the California and Illinois insurance fraud prevention statutes, and the reverse False Claims Act claim. TheCourt denied the Motion to Dismiss as to the conspiracy claim. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.

Prior to the Company's acquisition of Sequenom, Inc. (Sequenom) between August 15, 2016 and August 24, 2016, six putative class-action lawsuitswere filed on behalf of purported Sequenom stockholders (captioned Malkoff v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02054- JAH-BLM, Gupta v. Sequenom,Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02084-JAH-KSC, Fruchter v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02101- WQH-KSC, Asiatrade Development Ltd. v. Sequenom, Inc., etal., No. 16-cv-02113-AJB-JMA, Nunes v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02128-AJB-MDD, and Cusumano v. Sequenom, Inc., et al., No. 16-cv-02134-LAB-JMA) in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California challenging the acquisition transaction. The complaints asserted claims againstSequenom and members of its board of directors (the Individual Defendants). The Nunes action also named the Company and Savoy Acquisition Corp.(Savoy), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, as defendants. The complaints alleged that the defendants violated Sections 14(e), 14(d)(4) and 20 ofthe Securities Exchange Act of 1934 by failing to disclose certain allegedly material information. In addition, the complaints in the Malkoff action, theAsiatrade action, and the Cusumano action alleged that the Individual Defendants breached their fiduciary duties to Sequenom shareholders. The actionssought, among other things, injunctive relief enjoining the merger. On August 30, 2016, the parties entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)in each of the above-referenced actions. On September 6, 2016, the Court entered an order consolidating for all pre-trial purposes the six individual actionsdescribed above under the caption In re Sequenom, Inc.

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Shareholder Litig., Lead Case No. 16-cv-02054-JAH-BLM, and designating the complaint from the Malkoff action as the operative complaint for theconsolidated action. On November 11, 2016, two competing motions were filed by two separate stockholders (James Reilly and Shikha Gupta) seekingappointment as lead plaintiff under the terms of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. On June 7, 2017, the Court entered an order declaringMr. Reilly as the lead plaintiff and approving Mr. Reilly's selection of lead counsel. The parties agree that the MOU has been terminated. The Plaintiffsfiled a Consolidated Amended Class Action Complaint on July 24, 2017, and the Defendants filed a Motion to Dismiss, which remains pending. On March13, 2019, the Court stayed the action in its entirety pending the U.S. Supreme Court's anticipated decision in Emulex Corp. v. Varjabedian. On April 23,2019, however, the U.S. Supreme Court dismissed the writ of certiorari in Emulex as improvidently granted. The Company will vigorously defend thelawsuit.

On March 10, 2017, the Company was served with a putative class action lawsuit, Victoria Bouffard, et al. v. Laboratory Corporation of AmericaHoldings, filed in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina. The complaint alleges that the Company's patient list prices unlawfullyexceed the rates negotiated for the same services with private and public health insurers in violation of various state consumer protection laws. The lawsuitalso alleges breach of implied contract or quasi-contract, unjust enrichment, and fraud. The lawsuit seeks statutory, exemplary, and punitive damages,injunctive relief, and recovery of attorney's fees and costs. In May 2017, the Company filed a Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs' Complaint and Strike ClassAllegations; the Motion to Dismiss was granted in March 2018 without prejudice. On October 10, 2017, a second putative class action lawsuit, SherylAnderson, et al. v. Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina. Thecomplaint contained similar allegations and sought similar relief to the Bouffard complaint, and added additional counts regarding state consumerprotection laws. On August 10, 2018, the Plaintiffs filed an Amended Complaint, which consolidated the Bouffard and Anderson actions. On September 10,2018, the Company filed a Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs' Amended Complaint and Strike Class Allegations. On August 16, 2019, the court entered an ordergranting in part and denying in part the Motion to Dismiss the Amended Complaint, and denying the Motion to Strike the Class Allegations. The Companywill vigorously defend the lawsuit.

On April 1, 2019, Covance Research Products was served with a Grand Jury Subpoena issued by the Department of Justice (DOJ) in Miami, Floridarequiring the production of documents related to the importation into the United States of live non-human primate shipments originating from or transitingthrough China, Cambodia, and/or Vietnam from April 1, 2014 through March 28, 2019. The Company is cooperating with the DOJ.

On May 14, 2019, Retrieval-Masters Creditors Bureau, Inc. d/b/a American Medical Collection Agency (AMCA), an external collection agency,notified the Company about a security incident AMCA experienced that may have involved certain personal information about some of the Company’spatients (the AMCA Incident). The Company referred patient balances to AMCA only when direct collection efforts were unsuccessful. The Company’ssystems were not impacted by the AMCA Incident. Upon learning of the AMCA Incident, the Company promptly stopped sending new collection requeststo AMCA and stopped AMCA from continuing to work on any pending collection requests from the Company. AMCA informed the Company that itappeared that an unauthorized user had access to AMCA’s system between August 1, 2018 and March 30, 2019, and that AMCA could not rule out thepossibility that personal information on AMCA’s system was at risk during that time period. Information on AMCA’s affected system from the Companymay have included name, address, and balance information for the patient and person responsible for payment, along with the patient’s phone number, dateof birth, referring physician, and date of service. The Company was later informed by AMCA that health insurance information may have been included forsome individuals, and because some insurance carriers utilize the Social Security Number as a subscriber identification number, the Social SecurityNumber for some individuals may also have been affected. No ordered tests, laboratory test results, or diagnostic information from the Company were inthe AMCA affected system. The Company notified individuals for whom it had a valid mailing address. For the individuals whose Social Security Numberwas affected, the notice included an offer to enroll in credit monitoring and identity protection services that will be provided free of charge for 24 months.

Twenty-three putative class action lawsuits were filed against the Company related to the AMCA Incident in various U.S. District Courts. Numeroussimilar lawsuits have been filed against other health care providers who used AMCA. These lawsuits have been consolidated into a multidistrict litigationin the District of New Jersey. On November 15, 2019, the Plaintiffs filed a Consolidated Class Action Complaint in the U.S. District Court of New Jersey.On January 22, 2020, the Company filed Motions to Dismiss all claims. The consolidated Complaint generally alleges that the Company did not adequatelyprotect its patients’ data and failed to timely notify those patients of the AMCA Incident. The Complaint asserts various causes of action, including but notlimited to negligence, breach of implied contract, unjust enrichment, and the violation of state data protection statutes. The Complaint seeks damages onbehalf of a class of all affected Company customers. The Company will vigorously defend the multi-district litigation.

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The Company was served with a shareholder derivative lawsuit, Raymond Eugenio, Derivatively on Behalf of Nominal Defendant, LaboratoryCorporation of America Holdings v. Lance Berberian, et al., filed in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware on April 23, 2020. The complaintasserts derivative claims on the Company’s behalf against the Company’s board of directors and certain executive officers. The complaint generally allegesthat the defendants failed to ensure that the Company utilized proper cybersecurity safeguards and failed to implement a sufficient response to data securityincidents, including the AMCA Incident. The complaint asserts derivative claims for breach of fiduciary duty and seeks relief including damages, certaindisclosures, and certain changes to the Company’s internal governance practices. On June 2, 2020, the Company filed a Motion to Stay the lawsuit due toits overlap with the multi-district litigation referenced above. On July 2, 2020, the Company filed a Motion to Dismiss. On July 14, 2020, the court enteredan order staying the lawsuit pending the resolution of the multi-district litigation. The lawsuit will be vigorously defended.

Certain governmental entities have requested information from the Company related to the AMCA Incident. The Company received a request forinformation from the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) of the Department of Health and Human Services. On April 28, 2020, OCR notified the Company ofthe closure of its inquiry. The Company has also received requests from a multi-state group of state Attorneys General and is cooperating with theserequests for information.

Three putative class action lawsuits related to California wage and hour laws have been served on the Company. On September 21, 2018, the Companywas served with a putative class action lawsuit, Alma Haro v. Laboratory Corporation of America, et al., filed in the Superior Court of California, Countyof Los Angeles. On June 10, 2019, the Company was served with a putative class action lawsuit, Ignacio v. Laboratory Corporation of America, filed inSuperior Court of California, County of Los Angeles. On July 1, 2019, the Company was served with a putative class action lawsuit, Jan v. LaboratoryCorporation of America, filed in the Superior Court of California, County of Sacramento. All three cases were subsequently removed to the U.S. DistrictCourt for the Central District of California, and then consolidated for all pre-trial proceedings. In the lawsuits, Plaintiffs allege that employees were notproperly paid overtime compensation, minimum wages, meal and rest break premiums, did not receive compliant wage statements, and were not properlypaid wages upon termination of employment. The Plaintiffs assert these actions violate various California Labor Code provisions and constitute an unfaircompetition practice under California law. The lawsuits seek monetary damages, civil penalties, and recovery of attorney's fees and costs. The partiesreached a tentative settlement resolving the claims for all three cases. The settlement is subject to Court approval. If the settlement is not approved, theCompany will vigorously defend the lawsuits.

On July 30, 2019, the Company was served with a class action lawsuit, Mitchell v. Covance, Inc. et al., filed in the U.S. District Court for the EasternDistrict of Pennsylvania. Plaintiff alleges that certain individuals employed by Covance Inc. and Chiltern International Inc. were misclassified as exemptemployees under the Fair Labor Standards Act and the Pennsylvania Minimum Wage Act and were thereby not properly paid overtime compensation. Thelawsuit seeks monetary damages, liquidated damages, and recovery of attorneys’ fees and costs. On February 3, 2020, the Court denied without prejudicethe Plaintiff's motion to conditionally certify a putative class action. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.

On January 31, 2020, the Company was served with a putative class action lawsuit, Luke Davis and Julian Vargas, et al. v. Laboratory Corporation ofAmerica Holdings, filed in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California. The lawsuit alleges that visually impaired patients are unable to usethe Company's touchscreen kiosks at Company patient service centers in violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act and similar California statutes.The lawsuit seeks statutory damages, injunctive relief, and attorney's fees and costs. On March 20, 2020, the Company filed a Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs'Complaint and to Strike Class Allegations. The Company will vigorously defend the lawsuit.

On May 14, 2020, the Company was served with a putative class action lawsuit, Jose Bermejo v. Laboratory Corporation of America filed in theSuperior Court of California, County of Los Angeles Central District, alleging that certain non-exempt California-based employees were not properlycompensated for driving time or properly paid wages upon termination of employment. The Plaintiff asserts these actions violate various California LaborCode provisions and Section 17200 of the Business and Professional Code. The lawsuit seeks monetary damages, civil penalties, and recovery of attorney’sfees and costs. On June 15, 2020, the lawsuit was removed to the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California. On June 16, 2020, the Companywas served with a Private Attorney General Act lawsuit by the same plaintiff in Jose Bermejo v. Laboratory Corporation of America, filed in the SuperiorCourt of California, County of Los Angeles Central District, alleging that certain Company practices violated California Labor Code penalty provisionsrelated to unpaid and minimum wages, unpaid overtime, unpaid mean and rest break premiums, untimely payment of wages following separation ofemployment, failure to maintain accurate pay records, and non-reimbursement of business expenses. The second lawsuit seeks to recover civil penalties andrecovery of attorney's fees and costs. The Company will vigorously defend both lawsuits.

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Under the Company's present insurance programs, coverage is obtained for catastrophic exposure as well as those risks required to be insured by law orcontract. The Company is responsible for the uninsured portion of losses related primarily to general, professional and vehicle liability, certain medicalcosts and workers' compensation. The self-insured retentions are on a per-occurrence basis without any aggregate annual limit. Provisions for lossesexpected under these programs are recorded based upon the Company's estimates of the aggregated liability of claims incurred.

11. PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT PLANS

Retirement PlansAll employees eligible for the LCD defined-contribution retirement plan (LCD 401(k) Plan) receive a minimum 3% non-elective contribution (NEC)

concurrent with each payroll period. Employees are not required to make a contribution to the LCD 401(k) Plan to receive the NEC. The NEC is non-forfeitable and vests immediately. The LCD 401(k) Plan also permits discretionary contributions by the Company of 1% to 3% of pay for eligibleemployees based on service. The Company incurred expense of $13.9 and $16.2 for the LCD 401(k) Plan during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and2019 respectively, and $27.4 and $32.2 during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

All of the CDD U.S. employees are eligible to participate in the CDD 401(k) Plan, which is available on a voluntary basis and features a maximum4.5% Company match, based upon a percentage of the employee’s contributions. The Company incurred expense of $20.3 and $17.9 for the Covance401(k) plan during the three months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively, and $43.8 and $37.8 during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and2019, respectively.

The Company also maintains several other small 401K plans associated with companies acquired over the last several years.

Pension PlansThe Company has a defined-benefit retirement plan (Company Plan) and a nonqualified supplemental retirement plan (PEP). Both plans have been

closed to new participants since December 31, 2009. Employees participating in the Company Plan and PEP no longer earn service-based credits, butcontinue to earn investment credits.

The Company Plan covers substantially all LCD employees employed prior to December 31, 2009. The benefits to be paid under the Company Plan arebased on years of credited service through December 31, 2009, interest credits and average compensation. The Company's policy is to fund the CompanyPlan with at least the minimum amount required by applicable regulations.

The PEP covers a portion of the Company's senior management group. Prior to 2010, the PEP provided for the payment of the difference, if any,between the amount of any maximum limitation on annual benefit payments under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and the annualbenefit that would be payable under the Company Plan but for such limitation. Effective January 1, 2010, employees participating in the PEP no longerearn service-based credits. The PEP is an unfunded plan.

The effect on operations for the Company Plan and the PEP is summarized as follows:


2020 2019 2020 2019

Service cost for administrative expenses $ 1.3 $ 1.0 $ 2.6 $ 2.0 Interest cost on benefit obligation 2.8 3.5 5.6 7.0 Expected return on plan assets (3.8) (3.8) (7.5) (7.6) Net amortization and deferral 2.2 2.6 4.8 5.2

Defined benefit plan costs $ 2.5 $ 3.3 $ 5.5 $ 6.6

The service cost component of net periodic pension cost and net periodic post-retirement benefit cost is included in operating expenses with otheremployee compensation costs. The other components of net benefit cost, including amortization or prior service cost/credit and settlement and curtailmenteffects are included in other, net non-operating expenses. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company made no contributions to the CompanyPlan. The related net pension obligation for the Company Plan and PEP was $92.7 and $93.4 as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

As a result of the Covance acquisition, the Company sponsors two defined benefit pension plans for the benefit of its employees at two U.K.subsidiaries (U.K. Plans) and one defined benefit pension plan for the benefit of its employees at a German subsidiary (German Plan), all of which arelegacy plans of previously acquired companies. The U.K. Plans were closed to future accrual as of December 31, 2019. Benefit amounts for all three plansare based upon years of service and compensation; however, the U.K. Plans were based on service and compensation through December 31, 2019. TheGerman

22



Plan is unfunded while the U.K. Plans are funded. The Company’s funding policy has been to contribute annually a fixed percentage of the eligibleemployee's salary, and additional amounts, at least equal to the local statutory funding requirements.

As a result of the Envigo acquisition, the Company assumed a defined benefit pension plan for the benefit of Envigo's U.K. employees (the EnvigoPlan), which is a legacy plan of a company previously acquired by Envigo. The Envigo Plan is a funded plan that is closed to future accrual. TheCompany’s funding policy has been to contribute amounts at least equal to the local statutory funding requirements.

The related net pension obligation for these plans inclusive of the U.K. Plans, German Plan, and the Envigo Plan, was $86.0 and $99.1 as of June 30,2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

12. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company’s population of financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements as of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, is asfollows:

Fair Value Measurements as of

Fair Valueas of

June 30, 2020Balance Sheet Using Fair Value Hierarchy

Classification June 30, 2020 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3Noncontrolling interest put Noncontrolling interest $ 15.2 $ — $ 15.2 $ — Cross currency swaps Other assets, net 14.3 — 14.3 — Interest rate swaps Other assets, net 2.3 — 2.3 — Cash surrender value of life insurance policies Other assets, net 78.6 — 78.6 — Deferred compensation liability Other liabilities 76.8 — 76.8 — Contingent consideration Other liabilities 9.0 — — 9.0

Fair Value Measurements as of

Fair Valueas of

December 31, 2019Balance Sheet Using Fair Value Hierarchy

Classification December 31, 2019 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

Noncontrolling interest put Noncontrolling interest $ 15.8 $ — $ 15.8 $ — Cross currency swaps Other assets, net 3.2 — 3.2 — Interest rate swaps Other assets, net 1.5 — 1.5 — Cash surrender value of life insurance policies Other assets, net 80.2 — 80.2 — Deferred compensation liability Other liabilities 76.7 — 76.7 — Investment in equity securities Other current assets 9.1 9.1 — — Contingent consideration Other liabilities 9.9 — — 9.9

Fair Value Measurement of Level 3 Liabilities Contingent ConsiderationBalance at December 31, 2019 $ 9.9 Payments (4.8) Adjustments (2.1) Additions 6.0

Balance at June 30, 2020 $ 9.0

The Company has a noncontrolling interest put related to its Ontario subsidiary that has been classified as mezzanine equity in the Company’scondensed consolidated balance sheets. The noncontrolling interest put is valued at its contractually determined value, which approximates fair value.

The Company offers certain employees the opportunity to participate in an employee-funded deferred compensation plan (DCP). A participant'sdeferrals are allocated by the participant to one or more of 16 measurement funds, which are indexed to externally managed funds. From time to time, tooffset the cost of the growth in the participant's investment accounts, the Company purchases life insurance policies, with the Company named asbeneficiary of the policies. Changes in the cash surrender value of the life insurance policies are based upon earnings and changes in the value of theunderlying investments, which are typically invested in a similar manner to the participants' allocations. Changes in the fair value of the DCP obligation arederived using quoted prices in active markets based on the market price per unit multiplied by the number of units. The cash

23



surrender value and the DCP obligations are classified within Level 2 because their inputs are derived principally from observable market data bycorrelation to the hypothetical investments.

Contingent acquisition consideration liabilities are measured at fair value using Level 3 valuations. These contingent consideration liabilities wererecorded at fair value on the acquisition date and are remeasured quarterly based on the then assessed fair value and adjusted if necessary. The increases ordecreases in the fair value of contingent consideration payable can result from changes in anticipated revenue levels and changes in assumed discountperiods and rates. As the fair value measure is based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market, they are categorized as Level 3.

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, income taxes receivable, and accounts payable are considered to berepresentative of their respective fair values due to their short-term nature. The fair market value of the Senior Notes, based on market pricing, wasapproximately $6,433.0 and $6,140.6 as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company's note and debt instruments are classified asLevel 2 instruments, as the fair market values of these instruments are determined using other observable inputs.

13. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

The Company addresses its exposure to market risks, principally the market risk associated with changes in interest rates and foreign currencyexchange rates, through a controlled program of risk management that includes, from time to time, the use of derivative financial instruments. TheCompany does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. The Company does not believe that its exposure to market risk ismaterial to the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

Interest Rate SwapThe Company is party to a fixed-to-variable interest rate swap agreement for its 4.625% senior notes which mature on November 15, 2020, with a

notional amount of $300.0 and variable interest rates based on one-month LIBOR plus 2.298% to hedge against changes in the fair value of a portion of theCompany's debt. On July 17, 2020, notice was given to holders of the notes that the Company had elected to redeem the outstanding securities on August17, 2020. The interest rate swap derivative financial instrument is accounted for as fair value hedge of the Senior Notes due 2020. These interest rate swapsare included in prepaid and other assets or liabilities, as applicable, and added to the value of the Senior Notes. As the specific terms and notional amountof the derivative financial instrument matches those of the fixed-rate debt being hedged, the derivative instrument is assumed to be a perfectly effectivehedge and accordingly, there is no impact to the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Cash flows from the interest rate swap areincluded in operating activities.

Carrying amount of hedged liabilities as ofCumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment

Included in the Carrying Amount of the HedgedLiabilities as of

June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019Balance Sheet Line Item in which Hedged Items are Included

Current portion, long term debt $ 302.3 $ 301.5 $ 2.3 $ 1.5

Cross Currency SwapDuring the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company entered into six U.S. Dollar to Swiss Franc cross-currency swap agreements with an aggregate notional

value of $600.0 and which are accounted for as a hedge against the impact of foreign exchange movements on its net investment in a Swiss subsidiary. Ofthe notional value, $300.0 matures in 2022 and $300.0 matures in 2025. These cross currency swaps maturing in 2022 and 2025 are included in other long-term assets as of June 30, 2020. Changes in the fair value of the cross-currency swaps are recorded as a component of the foreign currency translationadjustment in accumulated other comprehensive income in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. Thecumulative amount of the fair value hedging adjustment included in the current value of the cross currency swaps is $(8.8) and $11.1 for the three and sixmonths ended June 30, 2020, and was recognized as currency translation within the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Earnings. Therewere no amounts reclassified from the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Earnings to the Condensed Consolidated Statement ofOperations during the three months or six months ended June 30, 2020.

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The table below presents the fair value of derivatives on a gross basis and the balance sheet classification of those instruments:

June 30, 2020 December 31, 2019Fair Value of Derivative Fair Value of Derivative

Balance Sheet Caption Asset LiabilityU.S. Dollar

Notional Asset LiabilityU.S. Dollar

Notional

Derivatives Designated as Hedging InstrumentsInterest rate swap Prepaid expenses and other/Other liabilities $ 2.3 $ — $ 300.0 $ 1.5 $ — $ 300.0 Cross currency swaps Other assets, net or Other liabilities $ 14.3 $ — $ 600.0 $ 3.2 $ — $ 600.0

The table below provides information regarding the location and amount of pretax (gains) losses of derivatives designated in fair value hedgingrelationships:

Amount of pre-tax gain/(loss)included in other comprehensive

incomeAmounts reclassified to the

Statement of Operations

Amount of pre-tax gain/(loss)included in other

comprehensive incomeAmounts reclassified to the

Statement of Operations

Three Months Ended June 30, Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended

June 30,Six Months Ended

June 30,

2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019

Interest rate swap contracts $ (0.9) $ 4.3 $ — $ — $ 0.9 $ 6.8 $ — $ — Cross currency swaps $ (8.8) $ (7.8) $ — $ — $ 11.1 $ 4.0 $ — $ —

No gains or losses from derivative instruments classified as hedging instruments have been recognized into income for the three and six months endedJune 30, 2020 and 2019.

14. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION


2020 2019

Supplemental schedule of cash flow information: Cash paid during period for:

Interest $ 111.5 $ 123.8 Income taxes, net of refunds 15.1 119.6

Disclosure of non-cash financing and investing activities: Conversion of zero-coupon convertible debt — 7.2 Change in accrued property, plant and equipment (17.1) (12.5) Floating rate secured note receivable due 2022 from the sale of CRP — 110.0

15. BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION

The following table is a summary of segment information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. The management approach hasbeen used to present the following segment information. This approach is based upon the way the management of the Company organizes segments withinan enterprise for making operating decisions and assessing performance. Financial information is reported on the basis that it is used internally by the chiefoperating decision maker (CODM) for evaluating segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources to segments. The Company’s chiefexecutive officer has been identified as the CODM.

Segment asset information is not presented because it is not used by the CODM at the segment level. Operating earnings of each segment representsrevenues less directly identifiable expenses to arrive at operating income for the segment. General management and administrative corporate expenses areincluded in general corporate expenses below.

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Three Months Ended Six Months EndedJune 30, June 30,

2020 2019 2020 2019Revenues:LCD $ 1,692.7 $ 1,760.9 $ 3,394.7 $ 3,482.9 CDD 1,093.7 1,126.3 2,237.5 2,201.0 Intercompany eliminations and other (17.6) (5.5) (39.6) (11.0) Revenues 2,768.8 2,881.7 5,592.6 5,672.9

Operating earnings (loss):LCD 281.3 312.5 486.7 580.8 CDD 65.5 65.8 (273.2) 153.8 General corporate expenses (49.1) (42.6) (108.4) (80.7) Total operating income 297.7 335.7 105.1 653.9 Non-operating expenses, net (0.7) (65.7) (75.8) (129.2) Earnings before income taxes 297.0 270.0 29.3 524.7 Provision for income taxes 65.4 79.3 114.6 148.1 Net earnings (loss) 231.6 190.7 (85.3) 376.6 Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interests — (0.3) (0.3) (0.6)

Net income (loss) attributable to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings $ 231.6 $ 190.4 $ (85.6) $ 376.0

16. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

In July 2020, the Company acquired two businesses and related assets for approximately $200.0 in cash (net of cash acquired). These acquisitions willbe included in both the LCD and CDD segments and were made primarily to extend the Company's geographic reach in important market areas, enhancethe Company's scientific differentiation and to expand the breadth and scope of the Company's services.

On July 17, 2020, notice was given to holders of $412.2 of the Company’s senior notes, due November 15, 2020, that the Company had elected toredeem the outstanding securities on August 17, 2020 at par. The Company will repay the notes with available cash on hand and borrowings under itsrevolving credit facility.

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INDEX

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTSLaboratory Corporation of America® Holdings together with its subsidiaries (the Company) has made in this report, and from time to time may

otherwise make in its public filings, press releases and discussions by Company management, forward-looking statements concerning the Company’soperations, performance and financial condition, as well as its strategic objectives. Some of these forward-looking statements relate to future events andexpectations and can be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as “believes”, “expects”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “seeks”, “approximately”,“intends”, “plans”, “estimates”, or “anticipates” or the negative of those words or other comparable terminology. Such forward-looking statements speakonly as of the time they are made and are subject to various risks and uncertainties. The Company claims the protection afforded by the safe harbor forforward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results could differ materially from those currentlyanticipated due to a number of factors in addition to those discussed elsewhere herein, including in the "Risk Factors" section of the Annual Report onForm 10-K, and in the Company’s other public filings, press releases, and discussions with Company management, including:

1. changes in government and third-party payer regulations, reimbursement, or coverage policies or other future reforms in the healthcare system (or in theinterpretation of current regulations), new insurance or payment systems, including state, regional or private insurance cooperatives (e.g., healthinsurance exchanges) affecting governmental and third-party coverage or reimbursement for commercial laboratory testing, including the impactof the U.S. Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014 (PAMA);

2. significant monetary damages, fines, penalties, assessments, refunds, repayments, damage to the Company’s reputation, unanticipated complianceexpenditures, and/or exclusion or debarment from or ineligibility to participate in government programs, among other adverse consequences,arising from enforcement of anti-fraud and abuse laws and other laws applicable to the Company in jurisdictions in which the Company conductsbusiness;

3. significant fines, penalties, costs, unanticipated compliance expenditures and/or damage to the Company’s reputation arising from the failure to complywith applicable privacy and security laws and regulations, including the U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, theU.S. Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation and similarlaws and regulations in jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business;

4. loss or suspension of a license or imposition of a fine or penalties under, or future changes in, or interpretations of applicable licensing laws orregulations regarding the operation of clinical laboratories and the delivery of clinical laboratory test results, including, but not limited to, the U.S.Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1967 and the U.S. Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 and similar laws andregulations in jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business;

5. penalties or loss of license arising from the failure to comply with applicable occupational and workplace safety laws and regulations, including the U.S.Occupational Safety and Health Administration requirements and the U.S. Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act and similar laws and regulationsin jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business;

6. fines, unanticipated compliance expenditures, suspension of manufacturing, enforcement actions, damage to the Company’s reputation, injunctions, orcriminal prosecution arising from failure to maintain compliance with current good manufacturing practice regulations and similar requirements ofvarious regulatory agencies in jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business;

7. sanctions or other remedies, including fines, unanticipated compliance expenditures, enforcement actions, injunctions or criminal prosecution arisingfrom failure to comply with the Animal Welfare Act or applicable national, state and local laws and regulations in jurisdictions in which theCompany conducts business;

8. changes in testing guidelines or recommendations by government agencies, medical specialty societies and other authoritative bodies affecting theutilization of laboratory tests;

9. changes in applicable government regulations or policies affecting the approval, availability of, and the selling and marketing of diagnostic tests, drugdevelopment, or the conduct of drug development and medical device and diagnostic studies and trials, including regulations and policies of theU.S. Food and Drug Administration, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Medicine and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency in the UnitedKingdom (U.K.), the National Medical Products Administration in China, the Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency in Japan, the

27

INDEX

European Medicines Agency and similar regulations and policies of agencies in other jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business;

10. changes in government regulations or reimbursement pertaining to the biopharmaceutical and medical device and diagnostic industries, changes inreimbursement of biopharmaceutical products or reduced spending on research and development by biopharmaceutical customers;

11. liabilities that result from the failure to comply with corporate governance requirements;

12. increased competition, including price competition, potential reduction in rates in response to price transparency and consumerism, competitivebidding and/or changes or reductions to fee schedules and competition from companies that do not comply with existing laws or regulations orotherwise disregard compliance standards in the industry;

13. changes in payer mix or payment structure, including insurance carrier participation in health insurance exchanges, an increase in capitatedreimbursement mechanisms, the impact of a shift to consumer-driven health plans or plans carrying an increased level of member cost-sharing,and adverse changes in payer reimbursement or payer coverage policies (implemented directly or through a third-party utilization managementorganization) related to specific diagnostic tests, categories of testing or testing methodologies;

14. failure to retain or attract managed care organization (MCO) business as a result of changes in business models, including new risk-based or networkapproaches, out-sourced laboratory network management or utilization management companies, or other changes in strategy or business modelsby MCOs;

15. failure to obtain and retain new customers, an unfavorable change in the mix of testing services ordered, or a reduction in tests ordered, specimenssubmitted or services requested by existing customers, and delays in payment from customers;

16. difficulty in maintaining relationships with customers or retaining key employees as a result of uncertainty surrounding the integration of acquisitionsand the resulting negative effects on the business of the Company;

17. consolidation and convergence of MCOs, biopharmaceutical companies, health systems, large physician organizations and other customers, potentiallycausing material shifts in insourcing, utilization, pricing and reimbursement, including full and partial risk-based models;

18. failure to effectively develop and deploy new systems, system modifications or enhancements required in response to evolving market and businessneeds;

19. customers choosing to insource services that are or could be purchased from the Company;

20. failure to identify, successfully close, and effectively integrate and/or manage acquisitions of new businesses;

21. inability to achieve the expected benefits and synergies of newly-acquired businesses, including due to items not discovered in the due-diligenceprocess, and the impact on the Company's cash position, levels of indebtedness and stock price;

22. termination, loss, delay, reduction in scope or increased costs of contracts, including large contracts and multiple contracts;

23. liability arising from errors or omissions in the performance of testing services, contract research services, or other contractual arrangements;

24. changes or disruption in the provision or transportation of services or supplies provided by third parties; or their termination for failure to follow theCompany's performance standards and requirements;

25. damage or disruption to the Company's facilities;

26. damage to the Company's reputation, loss of business, or other harm from acts of animal rights activists or potential harm and/or liability arising fromanimal research activities;

27. adverse results in litigation matters;

28. inability to attract and retain experienced and qualified personnel or the loss of significant personnel as a result of illness or otherwise;

29. failure to develop or acquire licenses for new or improved technologies, such as point-of-care testing, mobile health technologies, and digital pathology,or potential use of new technologies by customers and/or consumers to perform their own tests;

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30. substantial costs arising from the inability to commercialize newly licensed tests or technologies or to obtain appropriate coverage or reimbursementfor such tests;

31. failure to obtain, maintain and enforce intellectual property rights for protection of the Company's products and services and defend against challengesto those rights;

32. scope, validity and enforceability of patents and other proprietary rights held by third parties that may impact the Company's ability to develop,perform, or market the Company's products or services or operate its business;

33. business interruption, receivable impairment, delays in cash collection impacting days sales outstanding, supply chain disruptions, increases inoperating costs, or other impacts on the business due to natural disasters, including adverse weather, fires and earthquakes, political crises,including terrorism and war, public health crises and disease epidemics and pandemics, and other events outside of the Company's control;

34. discontinuation or recalls of existing testing products;

35. a failure in the Company's information technology systems, including with respect to testing turnaround time and billing processes, or the failure of theCompany or its third-party suppliers and vendors to maintain the security of business information or systems or to protect against cybersecurityattacks such as denial of service attacks, malware, ransomware and computer viruses, or delays or failures in the development and implementationof the Company’s automation platforms, any of which could result in a negative effect on the Company’s performance of services, a loss ofbusiness or increased costs, damages to the Company’s reputation, significant litigation exposure, an inability to meet required financial reportingdeadlines, or the failure to meet future regulatory or customer information technology, data security and connectivity requirements;

36. business interruption, increased costs, and other adverse effects on the Company's operations due to the unionization of employees, union strikes, workstoppages, general labor unrest or failure to comply with labor or employment laws;

37. failure to maintain the Company's days sales outstanding levels, cash collections (in light of increasing levels of patient responsibility), profitabilityand/or reimbursement arising from unfavorable changes in third-party payer policies, payment delays introduced by third party utilizationmanagement organizations and increasing levels of patient payment responsibility;

38. impact on the Company's revenues, cash collections and the availability of credit for general liquidity or other financing needs arising from a significantdeterioration in the economy or financial markets or in the Company's credit ratings by Standard & Poor's and/or Moody's;

39. failure to maintain the expected capital structure for the Company, including failure to maintain the Company's investment grade rating, or leverageratio covenants under its term loan facility and revolving credit facility;

40. changes in reimbursement by foreign governments and foreign currency fluctuations;

41. inability to obtain certain billing information from physicians, resulting in increased costs and complexity, a temporary disruption in receipts andongoing reductions in reimbursements and revenues;

42. expenses and risks associated with international operations, including, but not limited to, compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, theU.K. Bribery Act, other applicable anti-corruption laws and regulations, trade sanction laws and regulations, and economic, political, legal andother operational risks associated with foreign jurisdictions;

43. failure to achieve expected efficiencies and savings in connection with the Company's business process improvement initiatives;

44. changes in tax laws and regulations or changes in their interpretation, including the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA);

45. global economic conditions and government and regulatory changes, including, but not limited to the U.K.'s exit from the European Union; and

46. effects, duration, and severity of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, including the impact on operations, personnel, and liquidity, and the actions theCompany, or governments, have taken or may take in response, and damage to the Company's reputation or loss of business resulting from theperception of the Company's response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the availability and accuracy and timeliness of delivery of any teststhat the Company develops, collaborates on or provides for the detection of COVID-19.

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pt as may be required by applicable law, the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as aresult of new information, future events or otherwise. Given these uncertainties, one should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements.

GENERAL (dollars in millions, except per share data)

Revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2020 were $5,592.6, a decrease of (1.4)% from $5,672.9 during the six months ended June 30, 2019. Thedecrease in revenues was due to a 3.6% decline of organic revenue, 0.4% from the disposition of a business, and 0.1% from unfavorable foreign currencytranslation, partially offset by 2.6% from acquisitions. The 3.6% decline of organic revenue was due to the pandemic, which reduced the Company'sorganic Base Business by 11.7%, partially offset by 8.1% from COVID-19 related business. Base Business includes the Company's business operationsexcept for molecular and serology COVID-19 testing (COVID-19 Testing). The decline in the organic Base Business includes the negative impact fromPAMA of 0.6%.

In March 2020, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic. COVID-19 has had and continues to have an extensive impact on the global health and economicenvironments. Given the continued unpredictability of the COVID-19 pandemic and the corresponding government restrictions and customer behavior,there are a wide-range of feasible financial results for 2020. While the Company's Base Business continues to be negatively impacted by the COVID-19pandemic, the Company's outlook has improved across the enterprise.

In LCD, demand for its Base Business continues to be below the Company's historical levels; however, the Company's Base Business has been steadilyrecovering from its trough in April, while at the same time COVID-19 Testing continues to grow. To date, the Company has performed more than 9.2million molecular and 2.2 million antibody COVID-19 tests and has a current capacity of 180,000 molecular and 300,000 antibody tests per day. TheCompany continues to increase capacity across multiple platforms for its COVID-19 Testing subject to the availability of equipment and testing suppliesand key personnel.

In CDD, while the pandemic is expected to continue to negatively impact its business, this impact is expected to subside throughout the year as CDDcontinues to work on projects supporting global vaccine and treatment development, with additional support from COVID-19 Testing.

As a result of the impact of COVID-19, during the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded goodwill and other asset impairment chargesof $437.4, $426.4 within CDD and $11.0 within LCD, all of which were recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2020. See Note 6 Goodwill andIntangible Assets for discussion of goodwill and intangible asset impairments and Note 2 Revenue for the discussion of credit losses and additional priceconcessions. The Company also wrote-off or wrote down certain of the Company's investments by $25.4 due to the impact of COVID-19, $7.1 included inEquity method earnings (loss), net (recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2020), and $18.3 included in Other, net ($13.1 recorded during the threemonths ended March 31, 2020 and $5.2 recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2020).

The Company instituted numerous actions to help mitigate the financial impact from the COVID-19 pandemic, which included furloughs, reducedhours, and the suspension of discretionary merit adjustments and 401(k) plan contributions in the United States (U.S.). In response to its improved outlook,the Company has been rapidly resuming regular work schedules and is proceeding with merit adjustments and will retroactively reinstate 401(k) plancontributions in the U.S.

In April 2020, the Company received cash payments of approximately $55.9 from the Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund for providerrelief (Relief Fund) that was appropriated by Congress to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, andEconomic Security Act (CARES Act). Upon receiving and satisfying the terms and conditions associated with the distributed funds, the Companyaccounted for the transaction by applying the guidance in ASC 450-30 Gain Contingencies, and recorded these funds in Other, net non-operating income inthe Consolidated Statement of Operations as of June 30, 2020.

On July 30, the Company announced plans to create a program to offer total antibody testing at no charge through the patient’s doctor in support ofincreased blood plasma donations for use as a possible COVID-19 treatment. The Company is working with public health authorities and the providercommunity on the details of the three-month program and is evaluating the impact this program will have on the consolidated financial statements.

There remains significant uncertainty regarding the duration and severity of the pandemic and its impact on the Company’s business, results ofoperations and financial position for the balance of 2020 and beyond. For more information regarding the risks associated with COVID-19 and its impacton the Company’s business, see Risk Factors in Part II - Item 1A.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (dollars in millions)

Three months ended June 30, 2020, compared with three months ended June 30, 2019

Revenues

Three Months Ended June 30,

2020 2019 Change

LCD $ 1,692.7 $ 1,760.9 (3.9)%CDD 1,093.7 1,126.3 (2.9)%Intercompany eliminations and other (17.6) (5.5) 220.0 %

Total $ 2,768.8 $ 2,881.7 (3.9)%

The decrease in revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2020, as compared with the corresponding period in 2019 was 3.9%. The decrease inrevenue was due to a 5.4% decline of organic revenue, 0.3% from the disposition of a business, and 0.1% from unfavorable foreign currency translation,partially offset by 1.9% from acquisitions. The 5.4% decline of organic revenue was due to the pandemic, which reduced the Company's organic BaseBusiness by 20.9%, partially offset by COVID-19 Testing of 15.4%. The decline in organic Base Business includes the lower Medicare and Medicaidpricing as a result of PAMA of 0.5%.

LCD revenues for the quarter were $1,692.7, a decrease of 3.9% compared to revenues of $1,760.9 in the second quarter of 2019. The decrease inrevenues was primarily due to a 4.9% decline in organic revenue and 0.1% from unfavorable foreign currency translation, partially offset by 1.1% fromacquisitions. The 4.9% organic revenue decline includes a 30.1% decline of the organic Base Business (due to the pandemic), partially offset by 25.2%from COVID-19 Testing. The 30.1% decline of the organic Base Business includes a 0.8% negative impact from PAMA and a 1.2% reduction due to theSeptember 2019 nonrenewal of the BeaconLBS - UnitedHealthcare contract pertaining to the Florida market.

Total volume (measured by requisitions) decreased by 19.5% as organic volume declined by 20.7%, partially offset by acquisition volume of 1.2%. Thedecline in organic volume includes a 35.3% reduction of organic Base Business (due to the pandemic), partially offset by increased demand for COVID-19Testing of 14.6%. The organic Base Business volumes continued to improve throughout the quarter with daily volume in June averaging approximately17.0% below June volume in 2019. At the same time, demand for COVID-19 Testing continues to increase, contributing approximately 23.0% to totalvolume in June. While total volume declined 19.5%, price/mix increased by 15.6% due to COVID-19 Testing of 10.7% and the Base Business of 4.9%.The Base Business price includes the negative impact from PAMA of 0.8% and the non-renewal of the BeaconLBS contract of 1.2%.

CDD revenues for the second quarter were $1,093.7, a decrease of 2.9% over revenues of $1,126.3 in the second quarter of 2019. The decrease inrevenues was primarily due to a 5.2% decline in organic revenue, 0.7% from the disposition of a business, and 0.1% from unfavorable foreign currencytranslation, partially offset by 3.1% benefit from an acquisition. The decline in organic revenue was primarily due to the negative impact from thepandemic, partially offset by a 1.1% increase from COVID-19 molecular testing through its Central Laboratories business. The pandemic continues tocause delays in clinical trial progression and associated testing, reductions in investigator site access, as well as interruptions to the supply chainparticularly impacting the nonclinical business unit.

Cost of Revenues


2020 2019 Change

Cost of revenues $ 2,008.3 $ 2,056.9 (2.4)%Cost of revenues as a % of revenues 72.5 % 71.4 %

Cost of revenues decreased 2.4% during the three months ended June 30, 2020, as compared with the corresponding period in 2019. Cost of revenuesas a percentage of revenues during the three months ended June 30, 2020, increased to 72.5% as compared to 71.4% in the corresponding period in 2019.This increase was primarily due to the impact of COVID-19, higher personnel costs (primarily driven by merit increases), and PAMA, partially offset byLaunchPad savings.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses


2020 2019 Change

Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 396.3 $ 415.3 (4.6)%Selling, general and administrative expenses as a % of revenues 14.3 % 14.4 %

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During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company incurred $4.6 of acquisition and divestiture related costs and $7.8 in management transitioncosts. In addition, the Company recorded $0.2 of non-capitalized costs associated with the implementation of a major system as part of its LaunchPadbusiness process improvement initiative and $1.8 related to miscellaneous other items. These charges were offset by insurance proceeds of $10.0 related tothe 2018 ransomware attack. These items increased selling, general and administrative expenses by $7.7.

During the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company incurred $33.2 in acquisition and divestiture costs, $1.5 in management transition costs and$0.1 in costs related to the 2018 ransomware attack. In addition, the Company recorded $2.6 of non-capitalized costs associated with the implementation ofa major system as part of its LaunchPad business process improvement initiative. These items increased selling, general and administrative expenses by$37.4.

Excluding these charges, selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues were 14.0% and 13.1% during each of the threemonths ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

Amortization of Intangibles and Other Assets


2020 2019 Change

LCD $ 25.3 $ 25.6 (1.2)%CDD 34.8 34.6 0.6 %

Total amortization of intangibles and other assets $ 60.1 $ 60.2 (0.2)%

The decrease in amortization of intangibles and other assets within LCD primarily reflects the impact of acquisitions occurring after June 30, 2019, netof Amortization of intangible assets within CDD increased primarily due to the impact of acquisitions occurring after June 30, 2019.

Restructuring and Other Special Charges


2020 2019 Change

Restructuring and other charges $ 6.4 $ 13.6 (52.9)%

During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded net restructuring and other charges of $6.4: $3.7 within LCD and $2.7 withinCDD. The charges were comprised of $5.4 related to severance and other personnel costs, $3.3 for a CDD lab facility and equipment impairment, and $4.2in facility closures, impairment of operating lease right-of use assets and general integration activities. The charges were offset by the reversal of previouslyestablished liability of $1.0 and $5.5 in unused severance costs and facility-related costs, respectively.

During the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded net restructuring and other special charges of $13.6: $3.0 within LCD and $10.6within CDD. The charges were comprised of $3.5 related to severance and other personnel costs along with $10.2 in costs associated with facility closures,impairment of operating lease right-of-use assets and general integration initiatives. The charges were offset by the reversal of previously establishedreserves of $0.1 in unused facility reserves.

Interest Expense


2020 2019 Change

Interest expense $ (52.7) $ (59.1) (10.8)%

The decrease in interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2020, as compared with the corresponding period in 2019, is primarily due to alower outstanding balance on term loans, lower variable interest rates, the repayment of the 2.625% senior notes and a portion of the 4.625% senior notes in2019, partially offset by the issuance of $1,050.0 in debt securities in November 2019.

Equity Method Income


2020 2019 Change

Equity method income, net $ 1.8 $ 2.5 (28.0)%

Equity method income represents the Company's ownership share in joint venture partnerships along with equity investments in other companies in thehealth care industry. All of these partnerships and investments reside within LCD. The

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decrease in income for the three months ended June 30, 2020, as compared with the corresponding period in 2019, was primarily due to decreasedprofitability of the Company's joint ventures.

Other, net


2020 2019 Change

Other, net $ 47.7 $ (10.5) (554.3)%

The change in other, net for the three months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2019, is primarily due to $55.9 offunding from the Relief Fund that was appropriated by Congress to the HHS in the CARES Act. This funding was partially offset by the $5.2 write-off orwrite down of certain of the Company's investments primarily due to the negative impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic. In addition, foreign currencytransaction losses of $1.7 were recognized for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and losses of $3.2 were recognized in the corresponding period of2019.

Income Tax Expense


2020 2019 Change

Income tax expense $ 65.4 $ 79.3 (17.5)%Income tax expense as a % of earnings before income taxes 22.0 % 29.4 %

The 2020 tax rate was favorable to the 2019 tax rate due to the mix of earnings inclusive of federal, state, and foreign changes.

Operating Income by Segment


2020 2019 Change

LCD operating income $ 281.3 $ 312.5 (10.0)%LCD operating margin 16.6 % 17.7 % (1.1)%CDD operating income 65.5 65.8 (0.5)%CDD operating margin 6.0 % 5.9 % 0.1 %General corporate expenses (49.1) (42.6) 15.3 %

Total operating income $ 297.7 $ 335.7 (11.3)%

LCD operating income was $281.3 for the three months ended June 30, 2020, a decrease of 10.0% over operating income of $312.5 in thecorresponding period of 2019, and LCD operating margin decreased 1.1% basis points year-over-year.The decrease was primarily due to the reduction inthe Base Business (primarily due to the pandemic) and higher personnel costs, partially offset by the increase in COVID-19 Testing and LaunchPadsavings. The Company remains on track to deliver approximately $200.0 of net savings from its three-year LCD's LaunchPad initiative by the end of 2021.

CDD operating income was $65.5 for the three months ended June 30, 2020, a decrease over operating income of $65.8 in the corresponding period of2019. The decrease was primarily due to the negative impact from the pandemic and higher personnel costs, partially offset by molecular COVID-19testing and LaunchPad savings. The Company remains on track to deliver approximately $150.0 of net savings from its three-year CDD's LaunchPadinitiative by the end of 2020.

General corporate expenses are comprised primarily of administrative services such as executive management, human resources, legal, finance,corporate affairs, and information technology. Corporate expenses were $49.1 for the three months ended June 30, 2020, an increase of 15.3% overcorporate expenses of $42.6 in the corresponding period of 2019. The increase in corporate expenses in 2020 is primarily due to higher personnel costs,including executive transition costs.

Six months ended June 30, 2020, compared with six months ended June 30, 2019

Revenues


2020 2019 Change

LCD $ 3,394.7 $ 3,482.9 (2.5)%CDD 2,237.5 2,201.0 1.7 %Intercompany eliminations and other (39.6) (11.0) 260.0 %Total $ 5,592.6 $ 5,672.9 (1.4)%

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Revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2020 were $5,592.6, a decrease of (1.4)% from $5,672.9 during the six months ended June 30, 2019. Thedecrease in revenues was due to a 3.6% decline of organic revenue, 0.4% from the disposition of a business, and 0.1% from unfavorable foreign currencytranslation, partially offset by 2.6% from acquisitions. The 3.6% decline of organic revenue was due to a 11.7% decline in the Company's organic BaseBusiness (as a result of the pandemic), partially offset by 8.1% from COVID-19 related business. The decline in the organic Base Business includes thenegative impact from PAMA of 0.6%.

LCD revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2020 were $3,394.7, a decrease of 2.5% compared to revenues of $3,482.9 for the six months endedJune 30, 2019. The decrease in revenue was due to a 3.9% decline in organic revenue, partially offset by 1.4% from acquisitions. The 3.9% decline inorganic revenue,was due to a 17.1% decline of the organic Base Business (due to the pandemic), partially offset by 13.2% from COVID-19 Testing. The17.1% decline of organic Base Business includes a 1.0% negative impact from PAMA and a 1.2% reduction due to the September 2019 nonrenewal of theBeaconLBS - UnitedHealthcare contract pertaining to the Florida market.

Total volume (measured by requisitions) decreased by 12.0% as organic volume declined by 13.4%, partially offset by acquisition volume of 1.4%. Thedecline in organic volume includes a 21.0% reduction of organic Base Business (due to the pandemic), partially offset by increased demand for COVID-19Testing of 7.6%. The organic Base Business volumes continued to improve throughout the second quarter with daily volume in June averagingapproximately 17.0% below June volume in 2019. At the same time, demand for COVID-19 Testing continues to increase, contributing approximately23.0% to total volume in June. While total volume declined 12.0%, price/mix increased by 9.4% due to COVID-19 Testing of 5.5% and Base Business of3.9%. The Base Business price includes the negative impact from PAMA of 1.0% and the non-renewal of the BeaconLBS contract of 1.2%.

CDD revenues for six months ended June 30, 2020 were $2,237.5, an increase of 1.7% over revenues of $2,201.0 for the six months ended June 30,2019. The increase in revenue was primarily due to the benefit of acquisitions of 4.6%, partially offset by a decline in organic revenue 1.9% and dispositionof a business of 1.0%. The decline in organic revenue was primarily due to the negative impact from the pandemic, partially offset by a 0.6% increase fromCOVID-19 molecular testing through its Central Laboratories business. The pandemic continues to cause delays in clinical trial progression and associatedtesting, reductions in investigator site access, as well as interruptions to the supply chain particularly impacting the nonclinical business unit.

Cost of Revenues


2020 2019 Change

Cost of revenues $ 4,104.1 $ 4,058.4 1.1 %Cost of revenues as a % of revenues 73.4 % 71.5 %

Cost of revenues increased 1.1% during the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared with the corresponding period in 2019. Cost of revenues as apercentage of revenues during the six months ended June 30, 2020, increased to 73.4% as compared to 71.5% in the corresponding period in 2019. Thisincrease was primarily due to the impact of COVID-19, higher personnel costs (primarily driven by merit increases and one additional payroll day thatpredominantly impacted LCD), and PAMA, partially offset by LaunchPad savings.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 2019 Change

Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 791.8 $ 809.1 (2.1)%Selling, general and administrative expenses as a % of revenues 14.2 % 14.3 %

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company incurred $13.0 of acquisition and divestiture related costs and $10.6 in management transitioncosts. In addition, the Company recorded $1.1 of non-capitalized costs associated with the implementation of a major system as part of its LaunchPadbusiness process improvement initiative and $1.2 related to miscellaneous other items.These charges were offset by insurance proceeds of $10.0 related tothe 2018 ransomware attack. These items increased selling, general and administrative expenses by $19.6.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company incurred $44.3 in acquisition and divestiture costs, $2.9 in consulting expenses relating tofees incurred as part of its integration and management transition costs and $0.7 in costs related to the 2018 ransomware attack. In addition, the Companyrecorded $5.0 of non-capitalized costs associated with the implementation of a major system as part of its LaunchPad business process improvementinitiative. These items increased selling, general and administrative expenses by $52.9.

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Excluding these charges, selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues were 13.8% and 13.3% during each of the six monthsended June 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

Amortization of Intangibles and Other Assets


2020 2019 Change

LCD $ 51.4 $ 50.3 2.2 %CDD 71.0 67.0 6.0 %

Total amortization of intangibles and other assets $ 122.4 $ 117.3 4.3 %

The increase in amortization of intangibles and other assets within LCD primarily reflects the impact of acquisitions occurring after June 30, 2019.Amortization of intangible assets within CDD increased primarily due to the impact of acquisitions occurring after June 30, 2019.

Goodwill and Other Asset Impairments


2020 2019 Change

Goodwill and other asset impairments $ 437.4 $ — N/A

During the six months ended June 30, 2020 , the Company recorded goodwill and other asset impairment charges of $437.4, $426.4 within CDD and$11.0 within LCD, representing 3.9% of the Company's total goodwill and intangible assets. The Company concluded that the fair value was less thancarrying value for two of its reporting units and recorded goodwill impairment of $418.7 in the CDD segment and $3.7 in the LCD segment. The Companyalso recorded a charge of $2.7 for the impairment of a CDD tradename, $7.3 for LCD software, and $5.0 for the impairment of the CDD floating ratesecured note receivable due 2022.

Restructuring and Other Special Charges


2020 2019 Change

Restructuring and other charges $ 31.8 $ 34.2 (7.0)%

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded net restructuring and other charges of $31.8: $11.8 within LCD and $20.0 withinCDD. The charges were comprised of $10.5 related to severance and other personnel costs, $8.0 for a CDD lab facility impairment, and $20.0 in facilityclosures, impairment of operating lease right-of use assets and general integration activities. The charges were offset by the reversal of previouslyestablished liability of $1.0 and $5.7 in unused severance costs and facility-related costs, respectively.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded net restructuring and other special charges of $34.2: $16.1 within LCD and $18.1within CDD. The charges were comprised of $20.3 related to severance and other personnel costs along with $13.5 in costs associated with facilityclosures, impairment of operating lease right-of-use assets and general integration initiatives. The charges were increased by the adjustment of previouslyestablished reserves of $0.4 in facility reserves.

Interest Expense


2020 2019 Change

Interest expense $ (107.7) (115.8) (7.0)%

The decrease in interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared with the corresponding period in 2019, is primarily due to a loweroutstanding balance on term loans, lower variable interest rates, the repayment of the 2.625% senior notes and a portion of the 4.625% senior notes in 2019,partially offset by the issuance of $1,050.0 in debt securities in November 2019.

Equity Method Income


2020 2019 Change

Equity method income, net $ (4.8) $ 5.5 (187.3)%

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Equity method income represents the Company's ownership share in joint venture partnerships along with equity investments in other companies in thehealth care industry. All of these partnerships and investments reside within LCD. The decrease in income for the six months ended June 30, 2020, ascompared with the corresponding period in 2019, was primarily due to the impairment of an equity method investment and decreased profitability of theCompany's joint ventures.

Other, net


2020 2019 Change

Other, net $ 31.6 $ (20.9) (251.2)%

The change in other, net for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2019, is primarily due to the $55.9funding from the Relief Fund that was appropriated by Congress to the HHS in the CARES Act. This funding was partially offset by the $18.3 write-off orwrite down of certain of the Company's investments primarily due to the negative impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic. In addition, foreign currencytransaction losses of $4.5 were recognized for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and losses of $7.8 were recognized in the corresponding period of 2019.

Income Tax Expense


2020 2019 Change

Income tax expense $ 114.6 $ 148.1 (22.6)%Income tax expense as a % of earnings before income taxes 391.1 % 28.2 %

The 2020 tax rate was unfavorable to the 2019 tax rate due to impairment charges for which either no tax benefit was recorded (as they were notdeductible) or the associated tax assets required a full valuation allowance.


2020 2019 Change

LCD operating income $ 486.7 $ 580.8 (16.2)%LCD operating margin 14.3 % 16.7 % (2.4)%CDD operating income (273.2) 153.8 (277.6)%CDD operating margin (12.2)% 7.0 % (19.2)%General corporate expenses (108.4) (80.7) 34.3 %

Total operating income $ 105.1 $ 653.9 (83.9)%

LCD operating income was $486.7 for the six months ended June 30, 2020, a decrease of 16.2% over operating income of $580.8 in the correspondingperiod of 2019, and LCD operating margin decreased (2.4)% basis points year-over-year. The decrease in operating income and margin were primarily dueto the reduction in Base Business (primarily due to the pandemic) and higher personnel costs, partially offset by the increase in COVID-19 Testing andLaunchPad savings. The Company remains on track to deliver approximately $200.0 of net savings from its three-year, phase II of LCD's LaunchPadinitiative by the end of 2021.

CDD operating loss was $(273.2) for the six months ended June 30, 2020, a decrease over operating income of $153.8 in the corresponding period of2019. The decrease in operating income and margin was primarily due to the negative impact of COVID-19, specifically goodwill and other assetimpairments of $426.4, and higher personnel costs, partially offset by organic demand, acquisitions, and LaunchPad savings. The Company is on track todeliver $150.0 of net savings from its three-year CDD LaunchPad initiative by the end of 2020.

General corporate expenses are comprised primarily of administrative services such as executive management, human resources, legal, finance,corporate affairs, and information technology. Corporate expenses were $108.4 for the six months ended June 30, 2020, an increase of 34.3% overcorporate expenses of $80.7 in the corresponding period of 2019. The increase in corporate expenses in 2020 is primarily due to higher personnel costs,including executive transition costs, and COVID-19 related expenses.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES (dollars and shares in millions)

The Company's strong cash-generating ability and financial condition typically have provided ready access to capital markets. The Company's principalsource of liquidity is operating cash flow, supplemented by proceeds from debt offerings. The Company's senior unsecured revolving credit facility isfurther discussed in Note 7 Debt to the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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In summary, the Company's cash flows were as follows for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively:


2020 2019

Net cash provided by operating activities $ 574.5 $ 419.3 Net cash used for investing activities (230.0) (891.3) Net cash used for financing activities (119.7) 311.7 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (5.3) (1.1)

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents $ 219.5 $ (161.4)

Cash and Cash EquivalentsCash and cash equivalents at June 30, 2020 and 2019, totaled $557.0 and $265.4, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid

instruments, such as time deposits, commercial paper, and other money market investments, substantially all of which have original maturities of threemonths or less.

Operating Activities During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company's operations provided $574.5 of cash as compared to $419.3 during the same period in 2019.

The $155.2 increase in cash provided from operations in 2020 as compared with the corresponding 2019 period is primarily due to higher cash earningspartially offset by higher working capital. For the first six months of 2020, cash earnings included the $55.9 CARES Act funding and benefited fromincome and payroll tax deferrals, while working capital was negatively impacted by an increase in COVID-19 related testing supplies inventory andaccounts receivable. The COVID-19 pandemic has created uncertainty about the Company's near-term operating cash flows. Based on current expectationsof the impact of COVID-19, the Company expects to continue to generate positive cash flows from operating activities, however, should the COVID-19impact worsen or last longer than anticipated, the Company may see a significant decline in cash flows from operating activities. For more informationregarding the risks associated with the COVID-19 and its impact on the Company's business, see Risk Factors in Part II - Item IA.

Investing ActivitiesNet cash used for investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2020, was $230.0 as compared to net cash used for investing activities of $891.3

for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The change in cash used for investing activities was primarily due to a decrease in business acquisitions during thesix months ended June 30, 2020. Capital expenditures were $205.1 and $179.4 for the six months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

Financing ActivitiesNet cash used for financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2020, was $119.7 compared to net cash provided by financing activities of

$311.7 for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The change in cash flows from financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared tothe six months ended June 30, 2019, were primarily due to net financing proceeds from the term loan and revolving credit facilities in 2019 of $635.0 offsetby $200.0 more in share repurchases in 2019.

The Company's revolving credit facility consists of a five-year revolving facility in the principal amount of up to $1,000.0, with the option of increasingthe facility by up to an additional $350.0, subject to the agreement of one or more new or existing lenders to provide such additional amounts and certainother customary conditions.

Under the Company's term loan credit facility and the revolving credit facility, the Company is subject to negative covenants limiting subsidiaryindebtedness and certain other covenants typical for investment grade-rated borrowers and the Company is required to maintain certain leverage ratios. TheCompany was in compliance with all covenants under the term loan credit facility and the revolving credit facility at June 30, 2020 and expects that it willremain in compliance with its existing debt covenants for the next twelve months.

During the fourth quarter of 2020, $412.2 of the Company's senior notes mature. The Company has elected to redeem these notes in August 2020 at parusing available cash on hand and borrowings under its revolving credit facility.

At June 30, 2020 the Company had $557.0 of cash and $997.0 of available borrowings under its revolving credit facility, which does not mature until2022. In May 2020, in order to obtain increased financial covenant flexibility, the Company and its lenders entered into amendments to the term loanfacility and the revolving credit facility to increase the maximum leverage ratio to 5.0x debt to last twelve months EBITDA for the three month periodsending June 30, September 30 and December 31, 2020, 4.5x for period ended March 31, 2021 and then reverts back to 4.0x. The amendments also providethat during any period in which the Company's leverage ratio exceeds 4.5x debt to last twelve months EBITDA (i) the company will be prohibited fromconsummating share repurchases, subject to limited exceptions, (ii) borrowings under the revolving credit facility will accrue interest at a per annum rateequal to, at the Company's election, either a LIBOR rate plus a margin of 1.25% or a base

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rate plus a margin of 0.25%, (iii) the facility fee that the Company is required to pay on the aggregate commitments under the revolving credit facility willbe 0.25% per annum, and (iv) borrowings under the term loan facility will accrue interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the Company's election, either aLIBOR rate plus a margin of 1.175% or a base rate plus a margin of 0.175%.

The Company instituted numerous actions to help mitigate the financial impact from the COVID-19 pandemic, which included furloughs, reducedhours, and the suspension of discretionary merit adjustments and 401(k) plan contributions in the United States (U.S.). In response to its improved outlook,the Company has been rapidly resuming regular work schedules and is proceeding with merit adjustments and will retroactively reinstate 401(k) plancontributions in the U.S.

At the end of 2019, the Company had outstanding authorization from the board of directors to purchase up to $900.0 of Company common stock. Asof June 30, 2020, the Company had outstanding authorization from the board of directors to purchase up to $800.0 of the Company's common stock. Therepurchase authorization has no expiration date; however, the Company temporarily suspended stock repurchases beginning in March 2020 due to impactof the COVID-19 pandemic.

Credit RatingsThe Company’s investment grade debt ratings from Moody’s and from Standard and Poor’s (S&P) contribute to its ability to access capital markets.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market risk is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, andother relevant market rate or price changes. In the ordinary course of business, the Company is exposed to various market risks, including changes inforeign currency exchange and interest rates, and the Company regularly evaluates its exposure to such changes. The Company addresses its exposure tomarket risks, principally the market risks associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, through a controlled program of riskmanagement that includes, from time to time, the use of derivative financial instruments such as foreign currency forward contracts, and interest rate andcross currency swap agreements.

Foreign Currency Exchange RatesApproximately 12.0% of the Company's revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2020, and approximately 12.5% of the Company's revenue for the

six months ended June 30, 2019, were denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The Company's financial statements are reported in U.S.dollars and, accordingly, fluctuations in exchange rates will affect the translation of revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currencies into U.S.dollars for purposes of reporting the Company's consolidated financial results. In the second quarter of 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019, themost significant currency exchange rate exposures were to the Canadian dollar, Swiss Franc, Euro and British Pound. Excluding the impacts from anyoutstanding or future hedging transactions, a hypothetical change of 10% in average exchange rates used to translate all foreign currencies to U.S. dollarswould have impacted income before income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2020 by approximately $2.6. Gross accumulated currency translationadjustments recorded as a separate component of shareholders’ equity were $(80.5) and $47.2 at June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company doesnot have significant operations in countries in which the economy is considered to be highly-inflationary.

The Company earns revenue from service contracts over a period of several months and, in some cases, over a period of several years. Accordingly,exchange rate fluctuations during this period may affect the Company's profitability with respect to such contracts. The Company is also subject to foreigncurrency transaction risk for fluctuations in exchange rates during the period of time between the consummation and cash settlement of transactions. TheCompany limits its foreign currency transaction risk through exchange rate fluctuation provisions stated in some of its contracts with customers, or it mayhedge transaction risk with foreign currency forward contracts. At June 30, 2020, the Company had 38 open foreign exchange forward contracts relating toservice contracts with various amounts maturing monthly through July 2020 with a notional value totaling approximately $612.5. At December 31, 2019,the Company had 34 open foreign exchange forward contracts relating to service contracts with various amounts maturing monthly through January 2020with a notional value totaling approximately $369.2.

The Company is party to U.S. Dollar to Swiss Franc cross-currency swap agreements with an aggregate notional amount of $600.0, maturing in 2022and 2025, as a hedge against the impact of foreign exchange movements on its net investment in a Swiss Franc functional currency subsidiary.

Interest RatesSome of the Company's debt is subject to interest at variable rates. As a result, fluctuations in interest rates affect the business. The Company attempts

to manage interest rate risk and overall borrowing costs through an appropriate mix of fixed and variable rate debt including by the utilization of derivativefinancial instruments, primarily interest rate swaps.

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Borrowings under the Company's term loan credit facility and revolving credit facility are subject to variable interest rates, unless fixed through interestrate swaps or other agreements. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had $375.0 and $375.0, respectively, of unhedged variable debtfrom the 2019 term loan credit facility and $0.0 and $0.0, respectively, outstanding on its revolving credit facility.

To hedge against changes in the fair value of a portion of the Company's long-term debt, the Company is party to a fixed-to-variable interest rate swapagreement for a portion of the 4.625% senior notes due 2020 with an aggregate notional amount of $300.0 and variable interest rates based on one-monthLIBOR plus 2.298%.

Each quarter-point increase or decrease in the variable rate would result in the Company's interest expense changing by approximately $0.9 per year forthe Company's unhedged variable rate debt.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and ProceduresAs of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company carried out, under the supervision and with the participation

of the Company’s management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, an evaluation of the effectiveness of thedesign and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Actof 1934, as amended). Based upon this evaluation, the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the Company’sdisclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2020.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities

Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely tomaterially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS AND SUBSIDIARIES

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

See Note 10 (Commitments and Contingencies) to the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, above, which is incorporatedherein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk FactorsThe risk factors set forth below revise and supplement the corresponding risk factors set forth in Part I - Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on

Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as amended. With the exception of the following, there have been no material changes in the risk factorsthat appear in Part I - Item 1A of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The effects of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic have had and could continue to have material adverse impacts on the Company’s business,results of operations, cash flows, and financial position.

The Company is closely monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of its business. In the second half of March, daily volume forroutine tests started to decline as a result of decreased consumer demand driven by a significant reduction in physician office visits, the cancellation ofelective medical procedures, and the negative impacts on discretionary spending resulting from the economic downturn, among other factors. In addition,the performance of the Company’s drug development business was challenged by COVID-19 due to actions that clients have taken and are taking thatslowed clinical trial progress and the associated testing as well as restrictions in trial site access in certain countries and interruptions in the supply chain.Given the continued unpredictability pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic and the corresponding government restrictions and customer behavior, theimpact on the Company's business is not yet certain and depends on the number of evolving factors that the Company may not be able to predict oreffectively respond to.

The further spread of COVID-19, and the Company’s initiatives to help limit the spread of the illness, will impact the Company’s ability to carry out itsbusiness as usual, which could materially adversely impact its business and financial condition. The Company has incurred additional costs for the safety ofits employees and the continuity of its operations, including increased frequency of deep cleaning and sanitation at each of its physical locations, additionalsafety training and processes, enhanced hygiene practices and materials, flexible and remote working where possible, and allowing for greater socialdistancing for the Company’s employees who must work on-site. Additionally, the Company has made a number of changes at the Company’s patientservice centers for the comfort and safety of the patients, many of which have also increased costs for the Company. For example, the Company has setaside the first business hour of every day for vulnerable patients, launched a mobile check-in process that allows patients to wait for their appointment fromwithin their car or other nearby location, and increased sanitation and disinfection in check-in areas, waiting rooms, bathrooms, and hallways with Centersfor Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-approved disinfectants.

The Company faces increased cybersecurity risks due to the number of employees that are working remotely in regions impacted by stay-at-homeorders. Increased levels of remote access create additional opportunities for cybercriminals to exploit vulnerabilities, and employees may be moresusceptible to phishing and social engineering attempts. The Company may also be subject to increased cyber-attacks, such as phishing attacks by threatactors using the attention placed on the pandemic as a method for targeting the Company's personnel. In addition, technological resources may be straineddue to the number of remote users.

Adverse changes in government and third-party payer regulations, reimbursement, or coverage policies (or in the interpretation of current regulations)relating to COVID-19 testing could materially impact the Company's results of operations, cash flows and financial position.

The Company expects to continue to incur additional costs, which may be significant, as it continues to implement operational changes in response tothis pandemic. Further, the COVID-19 outbreak has disrupted and could continue to disrupt the Company’s supply chain, including by impacting its abilityto secure test collection supplies, equipment and testing supplies for its facilities, personal protective equipment for its employees in its testing locations,patient service centers, and drug development clinics. For similar reasons, the COVID-19 pandemic has also adversely impacted, and may continue toadversely impact, third parties that are critical to the Company’s business, including vendors, suppliers, and business partners. These developments, andothers that are difficult or impossible to predict, could impact materially the Company’s business, financial results, cash flows, and financial position.

The Company has diverted resources to developing and enhancing the accessibility of COVID-19 testing, while at the same time taking certain stepswith respect to its business strategy in order to increase cash flexibility. For example, the Company

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temporarily suspended its share repurchase program, applied a heightened threshold to acquisition activity, delayed some of its capital expenditures, andtemporarily suspended merit pay increases and 401(k) contributions for U.S. employees for 2020. In response to its improved outlook, the Company hasbeen rapidly resuming regular work schedules and is proceeding with merit adjustments and will retroactively reinstate 401(k) plan contributions in theU.S. These measures, and any other measures the Company has taken and will continue to take to mitigate COVID-19, may be insufficient to ensure thefinancial stability of the Company, or may have other adverse impacts on the Company’s business, results of operations, cash flows, and financial position.Additionally, if the pandemic continues for an extended period of time, the Company may be forced to prioritize its application of resources to thecontinued mitigation of COVID-19, at the expense of other potentially profitable opportunities or initiatives, such as through the development of newproducts or selected business acquisitions.

If the Company does not respond appropriately to the COVID-19 pandemic, or if the Company’s customers do not perceive its response to be adequate,the Company could suffer damage to its reputation, which could adversely affect its business.

On March 11, 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic and containment and mitigation measures were recommended; six daysprior to this characterization, the Company announced the availability of its LabCorp 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) NAA test, which detects thepresence of the underlying virus that causes COVID-19, for use with patients who meet current guidance for evaluation of infection with COVID-19. OnApril 9, 2020, the Company announced an agreement to collaborate on a comprehensive U.S.-based COVID-19 patient data registry. The Company hasperformed more than 9.2 million molecular tests since making its first COVID-19 test available. The Company also launched a self-collection kit for itsCOVID-19 NAA test under an emergency use authorization from the FDA, as well as expanded availability of serology tests to detect antibodies to thevirus that causes COVID-19. The Company has performed more than 2.2 million antibody tests as of July 30, 2020. The Company continues to increasecapacity for COVID-19 molecular testing but the Company's testing capacity is dependent on access to multiple testing platforms and the availability ofequipment and testing supplies and key personnel. Despite the Company's efforts to expand capacity and access to COVID-19 testing, the Company maynot be successful in meeting expectations, and the Company’s customers and other stakeholders may perceive the Company’s responses to the pandemic asinsufficient, inadequate or not equivalent to or better than competitors, including with respect to the availability of testing and the amount of time it takesfor delivery of test results. Factors that may be out of the Company’s control, such as the availability of equipment, supplies, and key personnel andgeographical changes in demand, may impact the Company’s ability to maintain testing capacity and timely delivery of test results and the Company's otherresponses to the COVID-19 pandemic, and may have an adverse effect on the Company’s operations. Any such disruptions could result in negativepublicity, and the Company could suffer damage to its reputation, which could adversely affect its business, results of operations, cash flows, and financialposition.

The success of the Company is dependent in part on the efforts of its management team and employees, and the COVID-19 pandemic could divert orhinder the Company’s human capital resources, which may adversely affect the Company’s operations.

The Company’s management team and employees have been acutely focused on efforts to respond to and mitigate COVID-19, including developing theLabCorp 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) NAA test. Since that time, the Company has been continuously working to increase the number of teststhat can be performed and improve the time for delivering test results. The Company’s management team is also working closely with federal and stateauthorities, health officials, and other key constituencies to make testing available to patients who meet the CDC criteria for who should be tested, andDepartment of Health and Human Services (HHS) guidance for prioritization of testing. These response efforts have required, and will continue to require,a large investment of time and resources that would otherwise be focused on the development and growth of the Company. Further, the Company's abilityto maintain and expand testing capacity depend upon maintaining and expanding its employee population. If the Company’s management team oremployees become unavailable due to illness or from other related factors, its operations could be materially adversely affected.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has created significant volatility, uncertainty, and economic disruption that could have an adverse impact on theCompany’s financial position, including with respect to the Company’s ability to repay its senior notes due in the fourth quarter of 2020 and maintainits maximum leverage ratio covenant under its term loan facility and revolving credit facility.

While the Company believes that it maintains a solid financial position, including a strong balance sheet, investment grade ratings, and significantaccess to credit, the sweeping nature of the rapidly-evolving COVID-19 pandemic has created cascading effects, all of which are difficult to predict. As thepandemic continues to create disruptions or turmoil in the credit and financial markets, the Company’s ability to access capital on favorable terms andcontinue to meet its liquidity needs in the future could be adversely impacted. The Company may also experience greater than normal impact due tofluctuations in foreign exchange rates and interest rates, decreased sales volumes, changes in employment rates and health insurance coverage, the speed ofthe anticipated recovery, the ability of its customers to pay for its services, and governmental and business reactions to the pandemic, all of which arehighly uncertain and cannot be predicted. The Company implemented several measures in order to

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increase cash flexibility in light of these economic uncertainties, including temporarily suspending its share repurchase program, applying a heightenedthreshold to acquisition activity, delaying some of its capital expenditures, and suspending merit pay increases and U.S. employee 401(k) contributions for2020. As the Company's business performance has improved, the Company will proceed with merit adjustments and will retroactively reinstate 401(k)contributions for 2020. These measures, and any other measures the Company may take to mitigate COVID-19, may be insufficient to ensure the financialstability of the Company, and may have other adverse impacts on the Company’s business, results of operations, cash flows, and financial position.

In May 2020, the Company and its lenders entered into amendments to the term loan facility and the revolving credit facility to increase the maximumleverage ratio covenant to 5.0x debt to last twelve months EBITDA for each of the three month periods ending June 30, September 30, and December 31,2020 and 4.5x debt to last twelve months EBITDA for the three month period ending March 31, 2021. Violation of that covenant could preclude theCompany from borrowing on the revolving credit facility and require repayment of its term loan of $375.0, if demanded by a majority of the Company'sbank group. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to maintain compliance with this modified covenant due to the uncertainties of theCompany's financial performance as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. If the Company were not able to do so, any future covenant amendment orwaiver that the Company may need or seek in the future may lead to increased costs, increased interest rates, additional restrictive covenants and otheravailable lender protections. There can be no assurance that the Company would be able to obtain additional amendments or waivers in a timely manner, onacceptable terms, or at all.

During the fourth quarter of 2020, $412.2 of the Company's senior notes mature. The Company has elected to redeem these notes in the third quarterfrom available cash on hand and borrowings under its revolving credit facility. However, any failure to pay the senior notes prior to or at maturity, or aviolation of its term loan and revolving credit facility leverage ratio covenants or other covenants, a failure to obtain any additional covenant amendmentsor waivers, or a failure to obtain alternative financing, if required, could result in a default, which would result in defaults under the Company’s other debtagreements and have material adverse consequences for the Company.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds (dollars in millions, except per share data)

The following table sets forth information with respect to purchases of shares of the Company’s common stock based on settled trades made during thethree months ended June 30, 2020, by or on behalf of the Company:

Total Number of Shares

RepurchasedAverage Price Paid Per

Share

Total Number of SharesRepurchased as Part ofPublicly Announced

Program

Maximum Dollar Valueof Shares that May YetBe Repurchased Under

the Program

April 1 - April 30 — $ — — $ 800.0 May 1 - May 31 — — — 800.0 June 1 - June 30 — — — 800.0

— $ — — $ 800.0

As of June 30, 2020, the Company had outstanding authorization from the board of directors to purchase up to $800.0 of the Company's common stock.The repurchase authorization has no expiration date; however the Company temporarily suspended stock repurchases beginning in March 2020 due toimpact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Item 5. Other InformationNone.

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Item 6. Exhibits

(a) Exhibits3.1* Amended and Restated By-laws of Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (adopted and effective July 7, 2020).10.1 Amendment No. 1, dated as of May 7, 2020, to the Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated June 3, 2019, among the Company, Bank of

America, N.A. as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theCompany’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 8, 2020).

10.2 Amendment No. 1, dated as of May 7, 2020, to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated September 15, 2017(originally dated as of December 21, 2011), among the Company, Bank of America, N.A. as administrative agent, and the lendersparty thereto (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 8,2020).

31.1* Certification by the Chief Executive Certification by Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule15d-14(a) Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)

31.2* Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)

32** Written Statement of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of2002 (18 U.S.C. Section 1350)

101.INS* Inline XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags areembedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema101.CAL* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase101.DEF* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase101.LAB* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase101.PRE* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

* filed herewith** furnished herewith

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https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/920148/000092014820000029/exhibit101amendment.htm

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/920148/000092014820000029/exhibit102amendment.htm

INDEX

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by theundersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGSRegistrant

By: /s/ ADAM H. SCHECHTER Adam H. Schechter Chief Executive Officer

By: /s/ GLENN A. EISENBERG Glenn A. Eisenberg Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

July 31, 2020

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AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS OF

LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS

(hereinafter called the “Corporation”)

(as amended as of July 7, 2020)

ARTICLE I

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

Section 1. Place of Meetings. Meetings of the stockholders for the election of directors or for any other purpose shall beheld at such time and place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated from time to time by the Boardof Directors (or the Chairman or Vice Chairman, if any of the Board of Directors in the absence of a designation by the Board ofDirectors) and stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof.

Section 2. Annual Meetings. The Annual Meetings of Stockholders shall be held on such date and at such time as shallbe designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting, at which meetings thestockholders shall elect by a majority vote a Board of Directors, as provided in Section 1 of Article II, and transact such otherbusiness as may properly be brought before the meeting. Except as otherwise permitted or required by applicable laws orregulations, notice of the Annual Meeting stating the place, date and hour of the meeting shall be given to each stockholderentitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting. Notice may be given inany manner permitted by applicable laws and regulations, as provided in Article V.

Section 3. Special Meetings. (a) Unless otherwise prescribed by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, SpecialMeetings of Stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, may be called at any time by the Board of Directors.

(b) Except as otherwise permitted or required by applicable laws or regulations, notice of a Special Meeting stating theplace, if any, date and hour of the meeting and the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called shall be given not less thanten nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. Notice may begiven in any manner permitted by applicable laws and regulations, as provided in Article V.

(c) Subject to the provisions of this Section 3(c), a Special Meeting of Stockholders shall be called by a majority of theentire Board of Directors following receipt by the Secretary of the Corporation of a written request for a special meeting (a“Special Meeting Request”) from one, or a group of persons who have owned at least ten percent of the combined voting powerof the then outstanding shares of all classes and series of capital stock of the Corporation entitled generally to vote in the electionof directors of the Corporation, voting as a single class,

continuously for at least one year as of both (i) a date within seven days prior to the date of the Special Meeting Request and (ii)the record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote at the Special Meeting (the “Requisite Holders”), if such SpecialMeeting Request complies with the requirements of this Section 3(c) and all other applicable sections of these By-Laws. Forpurposes of satisfying the foregoing ownership requirement under this Section 3(c), (i) the term “owned” shall have the samemeaning as Section 13(e) of this Article I, and (ii) the shares of the capital stock of the Corporation owned by one or morestockholders, or by the person or persons who own shares of the capital stock of the Corporation and on whose behalf anystockholder is acting, may be aggregated. For the avoidance of doubt, if a group of stockholders aggregates ownership of sharesin order to meet the requirements under this Section 3(c), all shares held by each stockholder constituting their contribution to theforegoing ten percent threshold must be held by that stockholder continuously for at least one year, and evidence of suchcontinuous ownership shall be provided as specified in this Section 3(c). The Board of Directors shall determine whether allrequirements set forth in this Section 3 and these By-Laws have been satisfied and such determination shall be binding on theCorporation and its stockholders. If a Special Meeting Request is made that complies with this Section 3(c) and all otherapplicable sections of these By-Laws, the Board of Directors may (in lieu of calling the Special Meeting of Stockholdersrequested in such Special Meeting Request) present an identical or substantially similar item (a “Similar Item”) for stockholderapproval at any other meeting of stockholders that is held within ninety days after the Corporation receives such Special MeetingRequest.

A Special Meeting Request must be delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of theCorporation. A Special Meeting Request shall only be valid if it is signed and dated by each of the stockholders that is one of theRequisite Holders and include: (i) a statement of the specific purpose(s) of the Special Meeting of Stockholders, the matter(s)proposed to be acted on at the Special Meeting of Stockholders, and the reasons for conducting such business at the SpecialMeeting of Stockholders; (ii) the text of any proposed amendment to the By-Laws to be considered at the Special Meeting ofStockholders; (iii) the name and address of each stockholder of record signing such request, the date of each such stockholder’ssignature, and the name and address of any beneficial owner on whose behalf such request is made; (iv) the class or series andnumber of shares of the Corporation that are owned of record or beneficially by each such stockholder and any such beneficialowner and documentary evidence of such record or beneficial ownership; (v) any material interest of each stockholder or anysuch beneficial owner in any of the business proposed to be conducted at the Special Meeting of Stockholders and a descriptionof all arrangements or understandings between any such stockholder and/or beneficial owner and any other person or persons(naming such person or persons) with respect to the business proposed to be conducted; (vi) a representation that one or more ofthe stockholders submitting the Special Meeting Request intend to appear in person or by proxy at the Special Meeting ofStockholders to present the proposal(s) or business to be brought before the Special Meeting of Stockholders; (vii) if anystockholder submitting such request intends to solicit proxies with respect to the stockholders’ proposal(s) or business to bepresented at the Special Meeting of Stockholders, a representation to that effect; (viii) all

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information relating to each stockholder signing the Special Meeting Request that must be disclosed in solicitations for proxiesfor election of directors in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved), or is otherwise required, in each casepursuant to Regulation 14A under the 1934 Act (as defined below in Article II); and (ix) if the purpose of the Special Meeting ofStockholders includes the election of one or more directors, all the information such stockholder or stockholders would berequired to include in a notice delivered to the Corporation pursuant to Article I, Section 9 of these By-Laws.

In addition, a Special Meeting Request shall not be valid if (i) the Special Meeting Request relates to an item of businessthat is not a proper subject for stockholder action under applicable law; (ii) the Special Meeting Request is received by theCorporation during the period commencing one hundred and twenty days prior to the first anniversary of the date of theimmediately preceding annual meeting and ending on the date of the next annual meeting; (iii) a Similar Item was presented atany meeting of stockholders held within ninety days prior to receipt by the Corporation of such Special Meeting Request (and,for purposes of this clause (iii), the election of directors shall be deemed a “Similar Item” with respect to all items of businessinvolving the election or removal of directors); (iv) a Similar Item is included in the Corporation’s notice as an item of businessto be brought before a stockholder meeting that has been called but not yet held; or (v) such Special Meeting Request was madein a manner that involved a violation of Regulation 14A under the 1934 Act, or other applicable law.

Stockholders may revoke a Special Meeting Request by written revocation delivered to the Corporation at any time priorto the Special Meeting of Stockholders; provided, however, the Board of Directors shall have the discretion to determine whetheror not to proceed with the Special Meeting of Stockholders.

If none of the stockholders who submitted the Special Meeting Request for a Special Meeting of Stockholders appears orsends a qualified representative to present the proposal(s) or business submitted by the stockholders for consideration at theSpecial Meeting of Stockholders, the Corporation need not present such proposal(s) or business for a vote at such meeting.

Section 4. Quorum. Except as otherwise provided by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, the holders of a majorityof the capital stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitutea quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business. If, however, such quorum shall not be present orrepresented at any meeting of the stockholders, the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented byproxy, may adjourn the meeting from time to time, but no other business shall be transacted at the meeting. Any business may betransacted at the adjourned meeting which might have been transacted at the original meeting. The stockholders present at a dulycalled or convened meeting, at which a quorum is present, may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstandingthe withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum. When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, if any,notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place, if any, thereof, by which

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stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, are announced at the meeting atwhich the adjournment is taken. If the adjournment is for more than thirty days, or, if after adjournment a new record date isfixed, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. Once a shareis represented for any purpose at a meeting (other than solely to object (1) to holding the meeting or transacting business at themeeting, or (2) (if it is a special meeting) to consideration of a particular matter at the meeting that is not within the purpose orpurposes described in the meeting notice), it is deemed present for quorum purposes for the remainder of the meeting and or anyadjournment of that meeting unless a new record date is set for the adjourned meeting.

Section 5. Voting. Unless otherwise required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, any questionbrought before any meeting of stockholders shall be decided by the vote of the holders of a majority of the stock represented andentitled to vote thereat. Each stockholder represented at a meeting of stockholders shall be entitled to cast one vote for each shareof the capital stock entitled to vote thereat held by such stockholder. Such votes may be cast in person or by proxy but no proxyshall be voted on or after three years from its date, unless such proxy provides for a longer period. Unless required by statute, ordetermined to be advisable by the Board of Directors, in its discretion, or the officer of the Corporation presiding at a meeting ofstockholders, in his discretion, the vote on any matter need not be by ballot.

Section 6. Consent of Stockholders in Lieu of Meeting. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation,any action required or permitted to be taken at any Annual or Special Meeting of Stockholders of the Corporation, may be takenwithout a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall besigned by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary toauthorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. Prompt notice of thetaking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders whohave not consented in writing. In the event that the action which is consented to is such as would have required the filing of acertificate under the General Corporation Law, if such action had been voted on by stockholders at a meeting thereof, theCertificate filed shall state, in lieu of any statement concerning any vote of stockholders, that written consent and written noticehas been given as provided in this Section 6.

In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without ameeting, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolutionfixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than 10 days after the dateupon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors. Any stockholder of record seeking to havethe stockholders authorize or take corporate action by written consent shall, by written notice to the Secretary, request the Boardof Directors to fix a record date. The Board of Directors shall promptly, but in all events within 10 days after the date on whichsuch a

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request is received, adopt a resolution fixing the record date. If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors within10 days after the date on which such a request is received, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent tocorporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is required by applicable law, shallbe the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to theCorporation by delivery to its registered office in Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of theCorporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery to theCorporation’s registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. If no record date hasbeen fixed by the Board of Directors and prior action by the Board of Directors is required by applicable law, the record date fordetermining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be at the close of business onthe date on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.

Section 7. List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote. The officer of the Corporation who has charge of the stock ledger ofthe Corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholdersentitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number ofshares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purposegermane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten days prior to the meeting, in any mannerpermitted by statute. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof,and may be inspected by any stockholder of the Corporation who is present.

Section 8. Stock Ledger. The stock ledger of the Corporation shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholdersentitled to examine the stock ledger, the list required by Section 7 of this Article I or the books of the Corporation, or to vote inperson or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders, or to consent in writing to any action pursuant to Section 6 of this Article I.

Section 9. Notice of Stockholder Business other than Director Nominations. In order for business to be properlybrought before an Annual Meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to theSecretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice with respect to an Annual Meeting, other than with respect tonominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the Corporation pursuant to Article II, Sections 1 or 13, of theseBy-Laws, must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than sixty normore than one hundred twenty days prior to the anniversary date of the preceding year’s Annual Meeting; provided, however,that in the event no Annual Meeting was held in the previous year or the date of the Annual Meeting has been changed by morethan thirty days, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the later of onehundred and twenty days in advance of such Annual Meeting or ten days following the date on which public announcement ofthe date of the meeting is first made. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of an AnnualMeeting commence a new time period (or

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extend any time period) for the giving of a notice as described above. For all business other than director nominations, astockholder's notice to the secretary of the Corporation shall set forth as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring beforethe Annual Meeting: (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the Annual Meeting and the reasons forconducting such business at the Annual Meeting, (ii) any other information relating to such stockholder and beneficial owner, ifany, on whose behalf the proposal is being made, required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to bemade in connection with solicitations of proxies for the proposal and pursuant to and in accordance with Section 14(a) of theExchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder and (iii) as to the stockholder: (A) the name and address ofthe stockholder as they appear on the Corporation's books and of the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal isbeing made, (B) the class and number of shares of the Corporation which are owned by the stockholder (beneficially and ofrecord) and owned by the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is being made, as of the date of the stockholder'snotice, (C) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding with respect to such proposal between or among thestockholder and any of its affiliates or associates, and any others (including their names) acting in concert with any of theforegoing, (D) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any derivative or short positions, profitinterests, options, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares) that has been entered into as of the date of thestockholder's notice by, or on behalf of, the stockholder or any of its affiliates or associates, the effect or intent of which is tomitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of the stockholder orany of its affiliates or associates with respect to shares of stock of the Corporation, (E) a representation that the stockholder is aholder of record of shares of the Corporation entitled to vote at the meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at themeeting to present the proposal specified in the notice, and (F) a representation whether the stockholder intends to solicit proxiesfrom stockholders in support of the proposal. The foregoing notice requirements of Section 9 shall be deemed satisfied by astockholder with respect to business other than a nomination if the stockholder has notified the Corporation of his, her or itsintention to present a proposal at an annual meeting in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations promulgated underSection 14(a) of the Exchange Act and such stockholder's proposal has been included in a proxy statement that has been preparedby the Corporation to solicit proxies for such annual meeting.

No business shall be conducted at any annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 9and Article II, Sections 1 and 13 of these By-Laws, and unless otherwise required by law, if a stockholder intending to proposebusiness at an annual meeting pursuant to this Section 9 does not provide the information required under this Section 9 to theCorporation promptly following the later of the record date or the date notice of the record date is first publicly disclosed, or thestockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the meeting to present the proposed business,such business shall not be considered, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such business may have been received by theCorporation. The requirements of this Section 9 shall apply to any business to be

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brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder whether such business is to be included in the Corporation's proxy statementpursuant to Rule 14a-8 of the Exchange Act or presented to stockholders by means of an independently financed proxysolicitation. The requirements of this Section 9 are included to provide the Corporation notice of a stockholder's intention to bringbusiness before an annual meeting and shall in no event be construed as imposing upon any stockholder the requirement to seekapproval from the Corporation as a condition precedent to bringing any such business before an annual meeting.

ARTICLE II

DIRECTORS

Section 1. Number and Election of Directors. The Board of Directors shall consist of not less than one nor more thanfifteen members, the exact number of which shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors. Except as otherwiserequired by these By-Laws, by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, directors shall be elected by a majority of the votes castat an Annual Meeting of Stockholders at which a quorum is present, provided that directors shall be elected by the vote of aplurality at a meeting at which a quorum is present if (i) the Secretary receives notice that a stockholder has nominated a personfor election to the Board of Directors in accordance with the advance notice requirements for stockholder nominations set forth inthis Section 1 and (ii) such nomination has not been withdrawn by such stockholder on or prior to the day next preceding the datethe Corporation first mails notice of meeting for such meeting to the stockholders. Each director so elected shall hold office untilthe next Annual Meeting and until his successor is duly elected and qualified, or until his earlier death, resignation or removal, inthe manner hereinafter provided. Any director may resign at any time upon notice to the Corporation. Directors need not bestockholders. For purposes of this Section, a majority of the votes cast means that the number of shares voted “for” a directormust exceed 50% of the votes cast with respect to that director.

Nominations for election to the Board of Directors at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders may be made by theBoard of Directors or on behalf of the Board of Directors by a nominating committee duly appointed by the Board of Directors,or by a stockholder of the Corporation entitled to vote for the election of directors. Except as set forth in Article II, Section 13, allnominations, other than those made by or on behalf of the Board of Directors, shall be made by notice in writing delivered ormailed by first class United States mail, postage prepaid, to the Secretary and received by the Secretary not less than sixty normore than one hundred twenty days prior to the anniversary date of the preceding year’s Annual Meeting, in the case ofnominations for election at an Annual Meeting, and not more than ten days after the date of the Corporation’s notice of a specialmeeting, in the case of nominations for election at a special meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the AnnualMeeting is called for a date that is more than thirty days before or after the anniversary of the preceding year’s Annual Meeting,in order to be timely the notice must be so received not later than the close of business on the later of one hundred and twentydays in advance of such Annual Meeting or ten days following the

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day on which public disclosure of the date of the Annual Meeting was made. In no event shall the public announcement of anadjournment or postponement of an Annual Meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of anotice as described above. Such stockholder’s notice shall set forth as to each proposed nominee who is not an incumbentdirector, (a)the name, age, business address and, if known, residence address of such nominee, (b)the principal occupation oremployment of such nominee during the preceding five years, (c)the number of shares of stock of the Corporation which arebeneficially owned by such nominee, (d)any other information relating to such nominee that would be required to be set forth in adefinitive proxy statement filed in connection with a proxy solicitation pursuant to Section 14 of the Securities Exchange Act of1934 (“the 1934 Act”), (e) the written consent of such nominee to being named in the Corporation’s proxy statement as anominee and to serving as a director of the Corporation, if elected; and such stockholder’s notice shall set forth as to suchstockholder the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, of such stockholder, the number of shares of stockof the Corporation which are beneficially owned by such stockholder, and all other information relating to such stockholder thatwould be required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission if such stockholder were a participant in a proxysolicitation pursuant to said Section 14. A nomination made otherwise than as provided in this Section 1 or in Article II, Section13 shall be null and void and shall not be submitted to a vote of stockholders.

Section 2. Vacancies. Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number ofdirectors may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director,and the directors so chosen shall hold office until the next annual election and until their successors are duly elected andqualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal.

Section 3. Duties and Powers. The business of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Boardof Directors which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute orby the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

Section 4. Meetings. The Board of Directors of the Corporation may hold meetings, both regular and special, eitherwithin or without the State of Delaware. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time andat such place as may from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors. Special meetings of the Board of Directors maybe called by the Chairman, if there be one, the Vice Chairman, if there be one, the President, or any three or more directors.Notice thereof stating the place, date and hour of the meeting shall be given to each director in any manner permitted by statute.Unless otherwise required by these By-Laws, the notice need not state the purpose or purposes of the meeting. Notice need not begiven to any director who, either before or after the meeting, signs and submits a written waiver of notice, submits a waiver ofnotice by electronic transmission, or attends the meeting (except

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when he attends for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business becausethe meeting is not lawfully called or convened).

Section 5. Quorum. Except as may be otherwise specifically provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or theseBy-Laws, at all meetings of the Board of Directors, a majority of the entire Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for thetransaction of business and the act of a majority of the entire Board of Directors at any meeting at which there is a quorum shallbe the act of the Board of Directors. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, the directorspresent thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until aquorum shall be present.

Section 6. Actions of Board. Unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, any actionrequired or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without ameeting, if all the members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or byelectronic transmission, and the writings or writing or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes ofproceedings of the Board of Directors or committee. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paperform and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.

Section 7. Meetings by Means of Conference Telephone. Unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporationor these By-Laws, members of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors,may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of a conference telephone or othercommunications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in ameeting pursuant to this Section 7 shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

Section 8. Committees. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the entire Board of Directors,designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board ofDirectors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent ordisqualified member at any meeting of any such committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, andin the absence of a designation by the Board of Directors of an alternate member to replace the absent or disqualified member, themember or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute aquorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any absent ordisqualified member. Any committee, to the extent allowed by law and provided in the resolution establishing such committee,shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairsof the Corporation. Each committee shall keep regular minutes and report to the Board of Directors when required. Unlessotherwise provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors designating a committee, a committee may create one or moresubcommittees, each

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subcommittee to consist of one or more members of the committee, and may delegate to a subcommittee such powers andauthority as the committee deems appropriate.

Section 9. Compensation. The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board ofDirectors and may be paid a sum, in cash, securities or a combination thereof for attendance at each meeting of the Board ofDirectors or a stated salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any othercapacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed like compensation forattending committee meetings. Compensation of directors shall be as determined by the Board of Directors.

Section 10. Interested Directors. No contract or transaction between the Corporation and one or more of its directors orofficers, or between the Corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association or other organization in which one ormore of its directors or officers are directors or officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for thisreason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or committeethereof which authorizes the contract or transaction, or solely because his or their votes are counted for such purpose if (i) thematerial facts as to his or their relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the Boardof Directors or the committee, and the Board of Directors or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by theaffirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum; or (ii)the material facts as to his or their relationship or interest and as to the contract or transactions are disclosed or are known to thestockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of thestockholders; or (iii) the contract or transaction is fair as to the Corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified, bythe Board of Directors, a committee thereof or the stockholders. Common or interested directors may be counted in determiningthe presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee which authorizes the contract or transaction.

Section 11. Chairman of the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be one, shall presideat all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall also perform suchother duties and may exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to him by these By-Laws or by the Boardof Directors.

Section 12. Vice Chairman. The Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be one, or the Vice Chairmen, if therebe more than one, shall perform such duties and may exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned by theseBy-Laws or the Board of Directors. In the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or if there be none, theVice Chairman shall preside at meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors.

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Section 13. Proxy Access. (a) The Corporation shall include in its proxy statement for an Annual Meeting of stockholdersthe name, together with the Required Information (as defined below), of any person nominated for election (a “StockholderNominee”) to the Board of Directors by a stockholder that satisfies, or by a group of no more than twenty stockholders thatsatisfy, the requirements of this Section 13 (an “Eligible Stockholder”), and that expressly elects at the time of providing thenotice required by this Section 13 (the “Nomination Notice”) to have its nominee included in the Corporation’s proxy materialspursuant to this Section 13.

(b) To be timely, a stockholder’s Nomination Notice must be delivered given, either by personal delivery or mailed byUnited States certified mail, postage prepaid, and received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporationnot earlier than the close of business on the one hundred fiftieth day prior to, nor later than the close of business on the onehundred twentieth day prior to, the first anniversary of the date of the Corporation’s proxy statement released to stockholders inconnection with the preceding year’s Annual Meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the Annual Meeting is called fora date that is more than thirty days before or seventy days after the anniversary of the preceding year’s Annual Meeting, in orderto be timely the Nomination Notice must be so received not later than the close of business on the later of one hundred andtwenty days in advance of such Annual Meeting or ten days following the day on which public disclosure of the date of theAnnual Meeting was made. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of an Annual Meetingcommence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a Nomination Notice as described above.

(c) For purposes of this Section 13, the “Required Information” that the Corporation will include in its proxy statement is(i) the information concerning the Stockholder Nominee and the Eligible Stockholder that is required to be disclosed in theCorporation’s proxy statement by the regulations promulgated under the 1934 Act; and (ii) if the Eligible Stockholder so elects, aStatement (as defined in Section 13(g)). To be timely, the Required Information must be delivered to or mailed to and received bythe Secretary within the time period specified in this Section 13 for providing the Nomination Notice.

(d) The number of Stockholder Nominees (including Stockholder Nominees that were submitted by an EligibleStockholder for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to this Section 13 but either are subsequently withdrawnor that the Board of Directors decides to nominate as Board of Director nominees), together with any nominees who werepreviously elected to the Board of Directors as Stockholder Nominees at any of the preceding two Annual Meetings and who arere-nominated for election at such Annual Meeting by the Board of Directors, appearing in the Corporation’s proxy materials withrespect to an Annual Meeting of stockholders shall not exceed the greater of (i) two or (ii) twenty percent (20%) of the number ofdirectors in office as of the last day on which a Nomination Notice may be delivered pursuant to this Section 13, or if suchamount is not a whole number, the closest whole number below twenty percent (20%). In the event that the number ofStockholder Nominees submitted by Eligible Stockholders pursuant to this Section 13 exceeds this maximum number, eachEligible

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Stockholder will select one Stockholder Nominee for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy materials until the maximum numberis reached, going in order of the amount (largest to smallest) of shares of the capital stock of the Corporation each EligibleStockholder disclosed as owned in its respective Nomination Notice submitted to the Corporation and confirmed by theCorporation. If the maximum number is not reached after each Eligible Stockholder has selected one Stockholder Nominee, thisselection process will continue as many times as necessary, following the same order each time, until the maximum number isreached.

(e) For purposes of this Section 13, an Eligible Stockholder shall be deemed to “own” only those outstanding shares of thecapital stock of the Corporation as to which the stockholder possesses both (i) the full voting and investment rights pertaining tothe shares and (ii) the full economic interest in (including the opportunity for profit and risk of loss on) such shares; provided thatthe number of shares calculated in accordance with clauses (i) and (ii) shall not include any shares (x) sold by such stockholder orany of its affiliates in any transaction that has not been settled or closed, (y) borrowed by such stockholder or any of its affiliatesfor any purposes or purchased by such stockholder or any of its affiliates pursuant to an agreement to resell or (z) subject to anyoption, warrant, forward contract, swap, contract of sale, or other derivative or similar agreement entered into by suchstockholder or any of its affiliates, whether any such instrument or agreement is to be settled with shares or with cash based onthe notional amount or value of shares of outstanding capital stock of the Corporation, in any such case which instrument oragreement has, or is intended to have, the purpose or effect of (1) reducing in any manner, to any extent or at any time in thefuture, such stockholder’s or its affiliates’ full right to vote or direct the voting of any such shares, and/or (2) hedging, offsettingor altering to any degree gain or loss arising from the full economic ownership of such shares by such stockholder or affiliate. Astockholder shall “own” shares held in the name of a nominee or other intermediary so long as the stockholder retains the right toinstruct how the shares are voted with respect to the election of directors and possesses the full economic interest in the shares. Aperson’s ownership of shares shall be deemed to continue during any period in which (i) the person has loaned such shares,provided that the person has the power to recall such loaned shares on no more than five business days’ notice; or (ii) the personhas delegated any voting power by means of a proxy, power of attorney or other instrument or arrangement that is revocable atany time by the person. The terms “owned,” “owning” and other variations of the word “own” shall have correlative meanings.Whether outstanding shares of the capital stock of the Corporation are “owned” for these purposes shall be determined by theBoard of Directors, which determination shall be conclusive and binding on the Corporation and its stockholders.

(f) An Eligible Stockholder must have owned (as defined above) continuously for at least three years that number ofshares of capital stock as shall constitute three percent (3%) or more of the outstanding capital stock of the Corporation (the“Required Shares”) as of both (i) a date within seven days prior to the date of the Nomination Notice and (ii) the record date fordetermining stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting. For purposes of satisfying the foregoing ownership requirementunder this Section 13, (i) the shares of the capital stock of the Corporation owned by one or more stockholders, or by the personor persons who own shares of

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the capital stock of the Corporation and on whose behalf any stockholder is acting, may be aggregated, provided that the numberof stockholders and other persons whose ownership of shares of capital stock of the Corporation is aggregated for such purposeshall not exceed twenty, and (ii) a group of funds under common management and investment control shall be treated as onestockholder or person for this purpose. No person may be a member of more than one group of persons constituting an EligibleStockholder under this Section 13. For the avoidance of doubt, if a group of stockholders aggregates ownership of shares in orderto meet the requirements under this Section 13, all shares held by each stockholder constituting their contribution to the foregoing3% threshold must be held by that stockholder continuously for at least three years, and evidence of such continuous ownershipshall be provided as specified in this Section 13(f).

Within the time period specified in this Section 13 for providing the Nomination Notice, an Eligible Stockholder mustprovide the following information in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation:

(i) one or more written statements from the record holder of the shares (and from each intermediary through which theshares are or have been held during the requisite three-year holding period) verifying that, as of a date within seven daysprior to the date of the Nomination Notice, the Eligible Stockholder owns, and has owned continuously for the precedingthree years, the Required Shares, and the Eligible Stockholder’s agreement to provide, within five business days after therecord date for the Annual Meeting, written statements from the record holder and intermediaries verifying the EligibleStockholder’s continuous ownership of the Required Shares through the record date;

(ii) the written consent of each Stockholder Nominee to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to servingas a director if elected;

(iii) a copy of the Schedule 14N that has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as required by Rule14a-18 under the 1934 Act, as such rule may be amended;

(iv) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements, andunderstandings during the past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among the EligibleStockholder and its affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, on the one hand, and each StockholderNominee, and each Stockholder Nominee’s respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, onthe other hand, including, without limitation all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404of Regulation S-K if the Eligible Stockholder making the nomination or on whose behalf the nomination is made, or anyaffiliate or associate thereof or person acting in concert therewith, were the “registrant” for purposes of Item 404 and thenominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant;

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(v) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any derivative or short positions, profitinterests, options, warrants, stock appreciation or similar rights, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares) thathas been entered into as of the date of the stockholder's notice by, or on behalf of, the Eligible Stockholder, the effect orintent of which is to mitigate loss, manage risk or benefit from share price change for, or maintain, increase or decreasethe voting power of, such Eligible Stockholder with respect to shares of stock of the corporation, and a representation thatthe Eligible Stockholder will notify the corporation in writing of any such agreement, arrangement or understanding ineffect as of the record date for the meeting promptly following the later of the record date or the date notice of the recorddate is first publicly disclosed;

(vi) a representation that the Eligible Stockholder (including each member of any group of stockholders that together is anEligible Stockholder under this Section 13) (A) acquired the Required Shares in the ordinary course of business and notwith the intent to change or influence control at the Corporation, and does not presently have such intent, (B) intends toappear in person or by proxy at the Annual Meeting to present the nomination, (C) has not nominated and will notnominate for election to the Board of Directors at the Annual Meeting any person other than the Stockholder Nominee(s)being nominated pursuant to this Section 13, (D) has not engaged and will not engage in, and has not and will not be a“participant” in another person’s, “solicitation” within the meaning of Rule 14a-1(l) under the 1934 Act in support of theelection of any individual as a director at the Annual Meeting other than its Stockholder Nominee or a nominee of theBoard of Directors, (E) will not distribute to any stockholder any form of proxy for the Annual Meeting other than theform distributed by the Corporation and (F) in the case of a nomination by a group of stockholders that together is anEligible Stockholder, the designation by all group members of one group member that is authorized to act on behalf of allsuch members with respect to the nomination and matters related thereto, including any withdrawal of the nomination;and

(vii) an undertaking that the Eligible Stockholder agrees to (A) own the Required Shares through the date of the AnnualMeeting, (B) assume all liability stemming from any legal or regulatory violation arising out of the Eligible Stockholder’scommunications with the stockholders of the Corporation or out of the information that the Eligible Stockholder providedto the Corporation, (C) indemnify and hold harmless the Corporation and each of its directors, officers and employeesindividually against any liability, loss or damages in connection with any threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding,whether legal, administrative or investigative, against the Corporation or any of its directors, officers or employees arisingout of any nomination, solicitation or other activity by the Eligible Stockholder in connection with its efforts to elect theStockholder Nominee pursuant to this Section 13, (D) comply with all other laws and regulations applicable to anysolicitation in connection with the Annual Meeting and (E) provide to the Corporation

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prior to the Annual Meeting such additional information as necessary with respect thereto.

(g) The Eligible Stockholder may provide to the Secretary of the Corporation, at the time the information required by thisSection 13 is provided, a written statement for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy statement for the Annual Meeting, not toexceed five hundred words, in support of the Stockholder Nominee’s candidacy (the “Statement”). Notwithstanding anything tothe contrary contained in this Section 13, the Corporation may omit from its proxy materials any information or Statement (orportion thereof) that it, in good faith, believes would violate any applicable law or regulation.

(h) Within the time period specified in this Section 13 for delivering the Nomination Notice, a Stockholder Nominee mustdeliver to the Secretary of the Corporation a written representation and agreement that the Stockholder Nominee (i) is not andwill not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assuranceto, any person or entity as to how such person, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question(ii) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than theCorporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service oraction as a director, and (iii) will comply with all of the Corporation’s corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentialityand stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines, and any other Corporation policies and guidelines applicable todirectors, as well as any applicable law, rule or regulation or listing requirement. At the request of the Corporation, theStockholder Nominee must submit all completed and signed questionnaires required of the Corporation’s directors and officers.The Corporation may request such additional information as necessary to permit the Board of Directors to determine if eachStockholder Nominee is independent under the listing standards of the principal U.S. exchange upon which the Corporation’scapital stock is listed, any applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and any publicly disclosed standards usedby the Board of Directors in determining and disclosing the independence of the Corporation’s directors (the “ApplicableIndependence Standards”).

(i) Any Stockholder Nominee who is included in the Corporation’s proxy materials for a particular Annual Meeting ofstockholders but either (i) withdraws from or becomes ineligible or unavailable for election at the Annual Meeting, or (ii) doesnot receive at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the votes cast “for” the Stockholder Nominee’s election, will be ineligible to bea Stockholder Nominee pursuant to this Section 13 for the next two (2) Annual Meetings.

(j) The Corporation shall not be required to include, pursuant to this Section 13, any Stockholder Nominees in its proxymaterials for any meeting of stockholders (i) for which the Secretary of Corporation receives a notice that a stockholder hasnominated a person for election to the Board of Directors pursuant to the advance notice requirements for stockholder nomineesfor director set forth in Section 1 of this Article II and such stockholder does not expressly elect

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at the time of providing the notice to have its nominee included in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to this Section 13,(ii) if the Eligible Stockholder who has nominated such Stockholder Nominee has engaged in or is currently engaged in, or hasbeen or is a “participant” in another person’s, “solicitation” within the meaning of Rule 14a-1(l) under the 1934 Act in support ofthe election of any individual as a director at the meeting other than its Stockholder Nominee(s) or a nominee of the Board ofDirectors, (iii) who is not independent under the Applicable Independence Standards, as determined by the Board of Directors,(iv) whose election as a member of the Board of Directors would cause the Corporation to be in violation of these By-Laws, theCertificate of Incorporation, the listing standards of the principal exchange upon which the Corporation’s capital stock is traded,or any applicable law, rule or regulation, (v) who is or has been, within the past three years, an officer or director of a competitor,as defined in Section 8 of the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, as determined by the Board of Directors, (vi) who is a named subjectof a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses) or has been convicted in such a criminalproceeding within the past ten years, (vii) who is subject to any order of the type specified in Rule 506(d) of Regulation Dpromulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (viii) if such Stockholder Nominee or the applicable EligibleStockholder shall have provided information to the Corporation in respect to such nomination that was untrue in any materialrespect or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statement made, in light of the circumstances underwhich it was made, not misleading, as determined by the Board of Directors, or (ix) if the Eligible Stockholder or applicableStockholder Nominee otherwise contravenes any of the agreements or representations made by such Eligible Stockholder orStockholder Nominee or fails to comply with its obligations pursuant to this Section 13.

(k) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, the Board of Directors or the person presiding at themeeting shall declare a nomination by an Eligible Stockholder to be invalid, and such nomination shall be disregardednotwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation, if (i) the StockholderNominee(s) and/or the applicable Eligible Stockholder shall have breached its or their obligations, agreements or representationsunder this Section 13, as determined by the Board of Directors or the person presiding at the Annual Meeting of stockholders, or(ii) the Eligible Stockholder (or a qualified representative thereof) does not appear at the Annual Meeting of stockholders topresent any nomination pursuant to this Section 13.

(l) The Eligible Stockholder (including any person who owns shares of capital stock of the Corporation that constitute partof the Eligible Stockholder’s ownership for purposes of satisfying Section 13(f) hereof) shall file with the Securities andExchange Commission any solicitation or other communication with the Corporation’s stockholders relating to the meeting atwhich the Stockholder Nominee will be nominated, regardless of whether any such filing is required under Regulation 14A of the1934 Act or whether any exemption from filing is available for such solicitation or other communication under Regulation 14Aof the 1934 Act.

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ARTICLE III

OFFICERS

Section 1. General. The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by the Board of Directors and shall be a President anda Secretary. The Board of directors, in its discretion, may also choose a Treasurer and one or more Executive Vice Presidents,Senior Vice Presidents, Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers and other officers. Any number of offices maybe held by the same person, unless otherwise prohibited by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws. The officers ofthe Corporation need not be stockholders of the Corporation nor need such officers be directors of the Corporation.

Section 2. Election. The Board of Directors at its first meeting held after each Annual Meeting of Stockholders shall electthe officers of the Corporation who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such dutiesas shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors; and all officers of the Corporation shall hold office until theirsuccessors are chosen and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal. Any officer elected by the Board of Directorsmay be removed at any time by the affirmative vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors. Any vacancy occurring in anyoffice of the Corporation shall be filled by the Board of Directors. The salaries of all executive officers of the Corporation shallbe fixed by the Board of Directors.

Section 3. Voting Securities Owned by the Corporation. Powers of attorney, proxies, waivers of notice of meeting,consents and other instruments relating to securities owned by the Corporation may be executed in the name and on behalf of theCorporation by any officer of the Corporation and any such officer may, in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, take allsuch action as any such officer may deem advisable to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of security holders of anycorporation in which the Corporation may own securities and at any such meeting shall possess and may exercise any and allrights and power incident to the ownership of such securities and which, as the owner thereof, the Corporation might haveexercised and possessed if present. The Board of Directors may, by resolution, from time to time confer like powers upon anyother person or persons.

Section 4. President. The President shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, be the Chief Executive Officerof the Corporation and shall have general supervision of the business of the Corporation and shall see that all orders andresolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into effect. He shall execute all bonds, mortgages, contracts and otherinstruments of the Corporation requiring a seal, under the seal of the Corporation, except where required or permitted by law tobe otherwise signed and executed and except that the other officers of the Corporation may sign and execute documents when soauthorized by these By-Laws, the Board of Directors or the President. In the absence or disability of the Chairman and the ViceChairman of the Board of Directors, or if there be none, the President shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and theBoard of Directors. The President shall also perform such

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other duties and may exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to him by these By-Laws or by the Boardof Directors.

Section 5. Executive Vice Presidents/Senior Vice Presidents. At the request of the President or in his absence or in theevent of his inability or refusal to act (and if there be no Chairman of the Board of Directors or Vice Chairman of the Board ofDirectors), the Executive Vice President or Senior Vice Presidents if there is more than one (in the order designated by the Boardof Directors) shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all therestrictions upon the President. Each Executive Vice President or Senior Vice President shall perform such other duties and havesuch other powers as the Board of Directors from time to time may prescribe. If there be no Chairman of the Board of Directors,no Vice Chairman of the Board and no Executive Vice President or Senior Vice President, the Board of Directors shall designatethe officer of the Corporation who, in the absence of the President or in the event of the inability or refusal of the President to act,shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictionsupon the President.

Section 6. Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and all meetings of stockholdersand record all the proceedings thereat in a book or books to be kept for that purpose; the Secretary shall also perform like dutiesfor the standing committees when required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of thestockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by theBoard of Directors, the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors or President, under whose supervision he shall be.If the Secretary shall be unable or shall refuse to cause to be given notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetingsof the Board of Directors, and if there be no Assistant Secretary, then either the Board of Directors, the Chairman or ViceChairman of the Board of Directors or the President may choose another officer to cause such notice to be given. The Secretaryshall have custody of the seal of the Corporation and the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary, if there be one, shall have authorityto affix the same to any instrument requiring it and when so affixed, it may be attested by the signature of the Secretary or by thesignature of any such Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the sealof the Corporation and to attest the affixing by his signature. The Secretary shall see that all books, reports, statements,certificates and other documents and records required by law to be kept or filed are properly kept or filed, as the case may be, inany manner permitted by statute and as directed by the Board of Directors.

Section 7. Treasurer. The Treasurer, if there be one, shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shallkeep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all moneysand other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Boardof Directors. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, takingproper vouchers for such disbursements, and

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shall render to the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors or to the President and the Board of Directors, at itsregular meetings, or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all his transactions as Treasurer and of the financialcondition of the Corporation. If required by the Board of Directors, the Treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond in such sumand with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of the duties of hisoffice and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of his death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books,papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in his possession or under his control belonging to the Corporation.

Section 8. Assistant Secretaries. Except as may be otherwise provided in these By-Laws, Assistant Secretaries, if therebe any, shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors,the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President, any Vice President, if there be one, or the Secretary, andin the absence of the Secretary or in the event of his disability or refusal to act, shall perform the duties of the Secretary, andwhen so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Secretary.

Section 9. Assistant Treasurers. Assistant Treasurers, if there be any, shall perform such duties and have such powers asfrom time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors,the President, any Vice President, if there be one, or the Treasurer, and in the absence of the Treasurer or in the event of hisdisability or refusal to act, shall perform the duties of the Treasurer, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and besubject to all the restrictions upon the Treasurer. If required by the Board of Directors, an Assistant Treasurer shall give theCorporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithfulperformance of the duties of his office and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of his death, resignation, retirement orremoval from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in his possession or under hiscontrol belonging to the Corporation.

Section 10. Other Officers. Such other officers as the Board of Directors may choose shall perform such duties and havesuch powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may delegate toany other officer of the Corporation the power to choose such other officers and to prescribe their respective duties and powers.

ARTICLE IV

STOCKSection 1. Form of Certificates. The shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, unless the Board of

Directors provides by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of the Corporation’s stock shall beuncertificated shares. Any such

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resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until the certificate is surrendered to the Corporation. Every holderof stock in the Corporation represented by certificates shall be entitled to have a certificate signed, in the name of the Corporation(i) by the Chairman or the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or a Vice President and (ii) by the Treasurer oran Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation, representing the number of shares registeredin certificate form. The Board of Directors may make such additional rules and regulations, not inconsistent with these By-Laws,as it may deem appropriate concerning the issue, transfer and registration of certificates for shares of stock or uncertificatedshares of the Corporation.

Section 2. Signatures. Any or all of the signatures on certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent orregistrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer,transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he weresuch officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.

Section 3. Lost Certificates. The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate to be issued in place of any certificatetheretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that factby the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate,the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of suchalleged lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or his legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as the Board ofDirectors shall require and/or to give the Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim thatmay be made against the Corporation on account of the alleged lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or the issuance of the newcertificate or uncertificated shares. The Corporation may adopt such other provisions and restrictions with reference to lostcertificates, not inconsistent with applicable law, as it shall in its discretion deem appropriate.

Section 4. Transfers. Stock of the Corporation shall be transferable in the manner prescribed by law and in these By-Laws. Transfers of stock shall be made on the books of the Corporation only by the person named in the certificate or by hisattorney lawfully constituted in writing and upon the surrender of the certificate therefor, which shall be canceled before a newcertificate or uncertificated shares shall be issued.

Section 5. Record Date. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote atany meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution orallotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for thepurpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixtydays nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty days prior to any other action. A determination ofstockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the

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meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting. The manner offixing a record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without ameeting shall be as provided for in Article I, Section 6.

Section 6. Beneficial Owners. The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered onits books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and assessments aperson registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to orinterest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, exceptas otherwise provided by law.

ARTICLE V

NOTICES

Section 1. Notices. Whenever notice is required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, to be given toany director, member of a committee or stockholder, such notice may be given in any manner permitted by applicable laws andregulations, and shall be deemed given at the time prescribed by applicable laws and regulations for such manner of notice.Notice of any meeting shall not be required to be given to any person who attends the meeting, except when the person attendsthe meeting in person or by proxy for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of anybusiness because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

Section 2. Waivers of Notice. Whenever any notice is required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws,to be given to any director, member of a committee or stockholder, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or personsentitled to said notice, or an electronically transmitted waiver of notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall bedeemed equivalent thereto.

ARTICLE VI

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 1. Dividends. Dividends upon the capital stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Certificate ofIncorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting, and may be paid in cash, inproperty, or in shares of the capital stock. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of theCorporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in its absolute discretion,deems proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or

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for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, or for any proper purpose, and theBoard of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve.

Section 2. Disbursements. All checks or demands for money and notes of the Corporation shall be signed by such officeror officers or such other person or persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.

Section 3. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

Section 4. Corporate Seal. The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of itsorganization and the words “Corporate Seal, Delaware”. The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to beimpressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.

Section 5. Section 203 Election. The Corporation hereby expressly elects not to be governed by Section 203 of theGeneral Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

Section 6. Electronic Transmission. When used in these By-Laws, “electronic transmission” means any form ofcommunication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved andreviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automatedprocess, including without limitation any telegram, cablegram, facsimile transmission and communication by electronic mail.

Section 7. Facsimile Signatures. In addition to the provisions for use of facsimile signatures specifically authorized inthese By-Laws, facsimile signatures of any officer or officers of the Corporation may be used whenever and as authorized by theBoard of Directors or any committee thereof.

Section 8. Form of Records. Any records required by these By-Laws or otherwise maintained by the Corporation in theregular course of its business, including its stock ledger, books of account, and minute books, may be kept on, or be in the formof, magnetic tape, computer diskettes and discs, photographs, microphotographs, or any other information storage device,provided that the records so kept can be converted into clearly legible form within a reasonable time.

ARTICLE VII

INDEMNIFICATIONSection 1. Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings Other Than Those by or in the Right of the Corporation.

Subject to Section 3 of this Article VII, the Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to bemade a party to any threatened,

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pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action byor in the right of the Corporation) by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation,or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership,joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines andamounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he actedin good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, withrespect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The termination ofany action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent,shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed tobe in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, hadreasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.

Section 2. Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings by or in the Right of the Corporation. Subject toSection 3 of this Article VII, the Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a partyto any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor byreason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request ofthe corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefitplan or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection withthe defense or settlement of such action or suit if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or notopposed to the best interests of the Corporation; except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue ormatter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that theCourt of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite theadjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnityfor such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

Section 3. Authorization of Indemnification. Any indemnification under this Article VII (unless ordered by a court)shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the director,officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth inSection 1 or Section 2 of this Article VII, as the case may be. Such determination shall be made (i) by the Board of Directors by amajority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or (ii) if such a quorumis not obtainable, or, even if obtainable a quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a writtenopinion, or (iii) by the stockholders. To the extent, however, that a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation hasbeen successful on the merits or otherwise in defense

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of any action, suit or proceeding described above, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he shall be indemnifiedagainst expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection therewith, without thenecessity of authorization in the specific case.

Section 4. Good Faith Defined. For purposes of any determination under Section 3 of this Article VII, a person shall bedeemed to have acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of theCorporation, or, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, to have had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct wasunlawful, if his action is based on the records or books of account of the Corporation or another enterprise, or on informationsupplied to him by the officers of the Corporation or another enterprise in the course of their duties, or on the advice of legalcounsel for the Corporation or another enterprise or on information or records given or reports made to the Corporation oranother enterprise by an independent certified public accountant or by an appraiser or other expert selected with reasonable careby the Corporation or another enterprise. The term “another enterprise” as used in this Section 4 shall mean any other corporationor any partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise of which such person is or was serving at therequest of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent. The provisions of this Section 4 shall not be deemed to beexclusive or to limit in any way the circumstances in which a person may be deemed to have met the applicable standard ofconduct set forth in Section 1 or 2 of this Article VII, as the case may be.

Section 5. Indemnification by a Court. Notwithstanding any contrary determination in the specific case under Section 3of this Article VII, and notwithstanding the absence of any determination thereunder, any director, officer, employee or agentmay apply to any court of competent jurisdiction in the State of Delaware for indemnification to the extent otherwise permissibleunder Sections 1 and 2 of this Article VII. The basis of such indemnification by a court shall be a determination by such courtthat indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicablestandards of conduct set forth in Section 1 or 2 of this Article VII, as the case may be. Neither a contrary determination in thespecific case under Section 3 of this Article VII nor the absence of any determination thereunder shall be a defense to suchapplication or create a presumption that the director, officer, employee or agent seeking indemnification has not met anyapplicable standard of conduct. Notice of any application for indemnification pursuant to this Section 5 shall be given to theCorporation promptly upon the filing of such application. If successful, in whole or in part, the director, officer, employee oragent seeking indemnification shall also be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such application.

Section 6. Expenses Payable in Advance. Expenses incurred in defending or investigating a threatened or pendingaction, suit or proceeding shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceedingupon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director, officer, employee or agent to repay such amount if

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it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Article VII.

Section 7. Nonexclusivity of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses. The indemnification and advancementof expenses provided by or granted pursuant to this Article VII shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which thoseseeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any By-Law, agreement, contract, vote ofstockholders or disinterested directors or pursuant to the direction (howsoever embodied) of any court of competent jurisdictionor otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, it being thepolicy of the Corporation that indemnification of the persons specified in Sections 1 and 2 of this Article VII shall be made to thefullest extent permitted by law. The provisions of this Article VII shall not be deemed to preclude the indemnification of anyperson who is not specified in Section 1 or 2 of this Article VII but whom the Corporation has the power or obligation toindemnify under the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, or otherwise.

Section 8. Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was adirector, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer,employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise against anyliability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not theCorporation would have the power or the obligation to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of this ArticleVII.

Section 9. Certain Definitions. For purposes of this Article VII, references to “the Corporation” shall include, in additionto the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidationor merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its director, officers,employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or isor was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a directors, officer, employee or agent of another corporation,partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions ofthis Article VII with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he would have with respect to such constituentcorporation if its separate existence had continued. For purposes of this Article VII, references to “fines” shall include any excisetaxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to “serving at the request of the Corporation”shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation which imposes duties on, or involvesservices by, such director, officer, employee or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries;and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants andbeneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best interests of theCorporation” as referred to in this Article VII.

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Section 10. Survival of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses. The indemnification and advancement ofexpenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article VII shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified,continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs,executors and administrators of such a person.

Section 11. Limitation on Indemnification. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Article VII to the contrary,except for proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification (which shall be governed by Section 5 hereof), the Corporation shallnot be obligated to indemnify any director, officer, employee or agent in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiatedby such person unless such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized or consented to by the Board of Directors of theCorporation.

ARTICLE VIII

AMENDMENTSSection 1. Amendments. These By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed, in whole or in part, or new By-Laws may

be adopted by the stockholders or by the Board of Directors, provided, however, that notice of such alteration, amendment, repealor adoption of new By-Laws be contained in the notice of such meeting of stockholders or Board of Directors, as the case maybe. All such amendments must be approved by either the holders of a majority of the outstanding capital stock entitled to votethereon or by a majority of the entire Board of Directors then in office.

Section 2. Entire Board of Directors. As used in this Article VIII and in these By-Laws generally, the term “entireBoard of Directors” means the total number of directors which the Corporation would have if there were no vacancies.

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Exhibit 31.1

Certification

I, Adam H. Schechter, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to makethe statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered bythis report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respectsthe financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as definedin Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) and15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision,to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others withinthose entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements forexternal purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's mostrecent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely tomaterially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting,to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which arereasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internalcontrol over financial reporting.

Date: July 31, 2020By: /s/ ADAM H. SCHECHTER

Adam H. SchechterChief Executive Officer(Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 31.2

Certification

I, Glenn A. Eisenberg, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to makethe statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered bythis report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respectsthe financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as definedin Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) and15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision,to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others withinthose entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under oursupervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements forexternal purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about theeffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's mostrecent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely tomaterially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting,to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which arereasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internalcontrol over financial reporting.

Date: July 31, 2020By: /s/ GLENN A. EISENBERG

Glenn A. EisenbergChief Financial Officer(Principal Financial Officer)

Exhibit 32

Written Statement ofChief Executive Officer and Chief Financial OfficerPursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. Section 1350)

The undersigned, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (the“Company”), each hereby certifies that, to his knowledge on the date hereof:

(a) the Form 10-Q of the Company for the Period Ended June 30, 2020, filed on the date hereof with the Securities and Exchange Commission(the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(b) information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

By: /s/ ADAM H. SCHECHTERAdam H. SchechterChief Executive OfficerJuly 31, 2020

By: /s/ GLENN A. EISENBERGGlenn A. EisenbergChief Financial OfficerJuly 31, 2020

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signaturethat appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Laboratory Corporation ofAmerica Holdings and will be retained by Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or itsstaff upon request.

laboratory corporation of america holdings form 10-q

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