LABORATORY WARES

Laboratory Glass Wares :Volumetric Wares Pipettes :Volumetric pipettes Graduated or measuring pipettesMicropipettesBurettes Flasks :Conical (Erlenmeyer) flasksFlat bottomed round flasksRound bottomed flasksVolumetric flasks BeakersCylinders Test tubeReagent bottlesPetridishesFunnels :Filter FunnelsSeparating funnelsPestle and mortarLaboratory cuvettes (absorption cells)Cleaning of glasswaresCleaning of pipettesCleaning of flasks, beakers, cylinders and other glass waresPlastic wares Cleaning of plastic wares

LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS

Balances :Rough balances Analytical balancesUse and care of balancesCentrifuges :Basic components of centrifuges Classifications of centrifuges :Hand centrifugesElectrical CentrifugesKinds of centrifugesUse and care of centrifuges RefrigeratorsOvensWater Bath :Use and Care of a Water bathIncubator :Use and Care of IncubatorColorimeter (Photometer) :Visible light spectrumBeers and Lamberts LawDesiccatorsInstruments and materials used for pH determination pH MeterStandard short-range pH stripsUse of different buffers Precautions while using buffers Instruments for purifying water :Water distilling apparatus (Still)Gravity water filterDeionizerMicroscope :Major parts of microscopeWorking principle of the microscope Resolving power of the microscopeWorking principle of an oil immersion objective Routine use of the microscopeTypes of microscopeCare, cleaning, and repair of the microscopeFlow cytometeryutomated analyzers

STERILIZATION ANDDISINFECTION

Sterilization :Dry heat :Hot Air ovenFlamingRed - hot Moist heat :Boiling waterSteam under pressure (autoclave)Types of autoclavesPrecautions in the use of autoclavesRadiation (ultra - violet ray) Mechanical method

Disinfection and decontamination oflaboratory wastes

Disinfection :Decontamination using chemical disinfectantsDecontamination of laboratory spaceIncineration

LABORATORY ACCIDENTS ANDSAFETY

Laboratory hazards and accidentsChemical hazards Physical hazards Factors contributing to laboratory accidentsFirst aid for laboratory hazardsSafe use and storage of chemicals and reagents :Flammable chemicals Corrosive chemicalsToxic, harmful, and irritating chemicalsOxidizing chemicals Explosive chemicals Carcinogens Planning for safetyGeneral precautions for avoidance of laboratory accidents