laeveld issue 6
DESCRIPTION
Laeveld Magazine is a fully bilingual (English & Afrikaans) industry-specific publication, produced on behalf of Laeveld Agrochem, one of South Africa's leading agricultural corporationsTRANSCRIPT
Vol 2. No. 6 - WINTER 2012 Saam boer ons vooruit!
WEN! ISSN 2222-9663
AGROCHEM
‘n Uitstappie na die 4-Nasie Wedstryd tussen die Bokke en die All Blacks op bladsy 27!
Loer Binne:Spesiale Sitrus- Bylaag
Silverskurf & SwartspikkelHoe nou gemaak?
Identifying & treating root rot and crown rot
Rot Remedy
0 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
Saam boer ons al 21 jaar vooruit!
1
Vir die beste optimalisering van jou oes
2. Redakteursbrief
4. Geloof en hoop
6. Laeveld Nuus
8. SUKSESVERHAAL:
Strongarm: ‘n Wenner teen onkruid
in soja- en grondbone
12. LAEVELD COMMUNITY:
Biodiversity and supporting rural
development
14. PRODUCT PROFILE:
Assured protection with K-Obiol®
EC25
16. PLAAG- EN ONKRUIDBEHEER:
Silverskurf en Swartspikkel: Hoe
nou gemaak?
20. PLAAG- EN ONKRUIDBEHEER:
Die uitwissing van bankrotbos
22. DISEASES & DISORDERS:Identifying and treating root rot andcrown rot.
28. FUN & GAMES
Games & activities for the family.Wen ‘n uitstappie na die 4-nasie
toets: Bokke vs All Black
32. TRAVEL:
Explore the Zulu Kingdom
36. PRODUKPROFIEL: Belt®Die optimalisering van bemarkbare
gewasse met wurmbeheer
40. CLIMATE:
Sustainable agriculture
44. RECIPES:
Winning weekday dinners
48. YOUR HEALTH:
Hazards in the home
INHOUDSOPGAWE CONTENTS
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 1
EDITORIAL:Editor-in-Chief – Corné LiebernbergManaging Editor – Fiona MoscaCreative Director – Gwynedd Peters
PUBLISHERS:Main Angel Publishing462 Grysbok Street, Waterkloof RidgeTel: 012 347 3630Fax: 086 242 0031e-mail: [email protected]
DESIGN & LAYOUT:DesignlogikArt Director – Nick Hlozeke-mail: [email protected]
CITRUS SUPPLEMENT: Liza van der Walt
IMAGES:Roger Bosch, Graeme Williams, Chris Kirch-hoff (MediaClubSouthAfrica.com); Stock Xchange, Laeveld Agrochem, Knysna Tourism, iStock.
PRINTED BY:Four ImagesTel: 012 349 1113Fax: 012 349 1090www.4images.co.za
CONTRIBUTORS:Phillip Venter (Zinchem), Jan Viljoen, GerhardVerdoorn, Dr Charles Gilfillan, Glwadys AymoneGbetibouo & Claudia Ringle. All editorial, business and production correspond-ence should be addressed to Main Angel Publish-
ing: Postnet Suite 335, Private Bag x1028, Lyttelton, 0140.
Unless otherwise agreed to, all contributions are the property of Laeveld Magazine, and its pub-lishers.
The editor and publisher reserve the right to alter copy and visual material as deemed necessary.
The opinions expressed in Laeveld Magazine are not necessarily those of the publishers or Laeveld Agrochem, its suppliers, subsidiaries or affiliates.
© Copyright by Main Angel Publishing. All rights reserved.
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 1
|LAEVELD
Beste Laeveld-kliënte en Agribonus-lede
Hierdie uitgawe sluit ‘n spesiale sitrus-
bylaag in vir die sitrussimposium,
maar glo ons, dit is ook ‘n handige
en waardevolle inligtingsbundel vir
enige sitrusboer om te hou. As Laeveld
Agrochem is ons in die uiters gunstige
posisie om vir ons kliënte die heel beste
reeks sitrus oes-optimaliseringsprodukte
te bied, komende van Bayer, Syngenta,
DOW, Villa, Ag-chem, Philagro, Metson,
Madumbi, Chempak, KlubM5 en vele
meer, wat beteken ons kan ‘n volledige
oplossing vir enige toestand bied.
Dit is tans ‘n opwindende tyd in ons
land om boer te wees. Die uitdagings is
steeds daar en sal seker altyd daar wees,
maar uiteindelik sien die regering en die
res van die wêreld die noodsaaklikheid
van volhoubare voedselsekuriteit raak.
Die geld wat tans op navorsing en oes-
optimaliseringsoplossings spandeer word
asook al die finansies en hulpbronne wat
tot ons land se beskikking gestel word,
gaan almal vorentoe baat.
In ons strewe om slegs die beste vir
ons kliënte te bied, maar ook om seker
te maak elkeen bereik sy maksimum
potentiaal, is ons gedurig besig om die
mees suksesvolle boere te bestudeer, so
ook al die wenners van al die verskeie
“boer van die jaar” tipe kompetisies.
Amper sonder uitsondering is een ding
baie duidelik in almal se verklarings -
goeie praktyke, kwaliteit produkte en
meestal ‘n bietjie ondernemingsgees is
alles belangrik. Maar daar is veral twee
faktore wat hierdie suksesvolle boere
gewoonlik laat uitstaan:
Hulle het meestal ‘n ontwrikbare
geloof (en besef hul weerbaarheid in
die groter prentjie) en voortspruitend
daaruit gewoonlik dan ook ‘n besonder
unieke verhouding met hul personeel en
plaaswerkers, wat beteken lg. se volle
potentiaal word ontsluit want hulle wil
werk en werk nie omdat hulle moet nie.
As mens dan na sulke suksesvolle
boere se geloof, optimisme, karakter
en selfversekerheid aan die een kant
kyk; teenoor die baie dinge wat daar
is om oor te kon kla, soos grondeise,
plaasmoorde, die weer, stygende
insetkostes, kontantvloei en jy noem
dit, dan maak dinge ewe skielik baie
2 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
REDAKTEURSBRIEF
AGROCHEM
sin. Iemand wat werklik glo dat God die
aarde, die mens en die heelal met sy
miljarde sterre (slegs in ons melkweg!)
gemaak het, kan mos onmoontlik nie dan
ook glo dat dieselfde God wat daardie
ontelbare sterre gemaak het, nie “klein”
probleempies soos reën, markpryse en
politiek ook kan oorwin nie.
As jy dus regtig glo in die skepping
behoort geen uitdaging wat oor jou pad
kom ooit vir jou enige slapelose nagte te
gee nie.
In elk geval, ons gevolgtrekking is dus dat
die boer met die positiewe lewensuitkyk,
wat probleme as uitdagings beskou, wat
alle mense as sy gelyke hanteer, en wat
die visie het om vooruit te dink en te
beplan, die een is wat jaar na jaar die
rekords sal laat spat want niks wat na sy
kant gegooi word sal hom kan onderkry
nie.
Hy is goed voorbereid, boer met
passie en geniet wat hy doen, maar
hy is die sakeman waarna ons ook in
ons advertensies verwys wat sy vennote
reg kies, tegnologie en innovasie tot sy
voordeel benut en slim beplan vir die
toekoms.
Ons by Laeveld is trots om sulke boere
as kliënte te kan hê en SAAM deel ons
in jul vreugdes en suksesse.
Julle maak ons en ons land trots!
Corné Liebenberg
Bemarkingsbestuurder
8 - LAEVELD Winter 2012
Laeveld Agrochem het al vir die laaste 21 jaar die grootste reeks blaarvoedings, insek-, swam- en onkruiddoders beskikbaar. Laeveld Agrochem versprei die bekendste, navorsings-gedrewe maatskappye se produkte vir u absolute gemoedsrus.
Vir ‘n
suksesvolle,
optimale oes
en ‘n groter
opbrengs
Saam boer ons vooruit - www.laeveld.co.za
Laeveld Agrochem21 jaar en steeds volstoom vorentoe
Redakteursbrief
Ons het geploeg… Ons het gesaai… Daar is niks in die lewe so kragtig soos om geloof in aksie te sit nie. Om te lewe met die vertroue op wat ons hoop en die sekerheid van wat nog nie sigbaar is nie. Daar is baie mense in die lewe wat droom van ‘n hoe ‘n eindproduk moet lyk. Maar die groot kuns lê daarin om drome tot vervulling te bring.
Om soos ‘n beeldhouer die hamer en die bytel in jou hande te vat en die meesterstuk uit die rots uit te kap. Dit is altyd in diè meesterstuk dat die heerlikheid van die beeldhouer na vore kom. Ek persoonlik hou die meeste van die groei seisoen of soos die Engelse dit sal stel die “nurture” seisoen. Daar vind vir die eerste keer interaksie tussen my en my boerdery plaas. Daar is lewe. Die groenigheid glinster ‘n teken van nuwe geboorte wat plaasgevind het. Pragtig! Ek het so baie moeite, tyd en bloedsweet in die oes belê en vir die eerste keer ontvang ek iets terug. Deur net my landery aan mense voor te stel kan hulle my ontmoet. Die teken van lewe. My geloof het begin lewe! Believing is seeing!
Die woord “nurture” word so verduidelik: Om
te voed en te beskerm. Om te ondersteun en aan te moedig. Te beoefen en te ontwikkel, leer en op te voed. LIEFDE!!! Presies wat van ‘n ouer verwag word t.o.v. sy kind. Dit is onbeskryflik maklik om kinders te hê, maar seker die grootste uitdaging om hulle suksesvol groot te maak en in die wêreld in te stuur.
Almal weet dat die wenpaal die eind-bestemming is, maar Paulus skryf dat die kind van God so moet hardloop dat hy wen. Dis nie een groot besluit wat ons identifiseer as gelowiges nie, maar eerder die baie klein opeenlopende besluite wat ons voorberei om eerste oor die wenpaal van die lewe te wandel. Dieselfde kan gesê word van jou oes. Nou hang dit van jou af as “ouer” om die volle potesiaal uit jou ‘kind’ uit te haal! Die Woord sê: “Volharding is wat ons nodig het, om nadat ons die wil van God gedoen het, die belofte te verkry”. Die oes is reeds daar… voor jou oë… net nog jonk, onvolwasse en desperaat vir jou liefde!
Met my oudste dogter se geboorte kry ek een van my grootste openbarings deur ‘n boekie van Dr. James Dobson oor die beginsel van om jou kinders te groei… Dit lees as volg: “Weet
Die Groeiseisoen...
vervolg op Plantseisoen, vorige uitgaweDeel 3
net een ding Pa, as jy nie jou dogter gaan grootmaak nie, iemand anders gaan, en hulle het NIE dieselfde intensies vir haar as wat jy het NIE”. Dit was net in die voorwoord! Ek het toe al gevoel asof ek die volle openbaring gekry het want deur dit deel die Here iets met my! Dan verstaan ek nou hoekom Hy die duurste prys ooit sou betaal deur Jesus Christus, om my ‘n nuwe geboorte te gee as Sy kind… Want SLEGS HY het die beste intensies vir my en KAN die volle potensiaal uit my uithaal. Hy sou deur die kruis Sy Heilige Gees aan die binnekant van my plaas, om my groot te maak want net ‘n Vader kan die heerlikheid bepaal van ‘n kind. Om te groei sonder liefde is katastrofies, maar met dit, die volharding wat elkeen nodig het om suksesvol deur die lewe te kom én nog as ‘n verteenwoordiger van God.
Die klem lê op oesbeskerming! Met die regte hoeveelheid water, snoei en behandeling is die oes bloot die gevolg. Selfs Jesus was bekommerd oor die onkruid tussen Sy saad (Matt 13:24-32). Hy vergelyk ons met ‘n koringsaad, want van koring maak jy later brood. Wanneer ons reg gegroei word deur Hom en Sy Woord, sou ons opgroei om die
geestelike stapelvoedsel te wees waarmee Hy die wêreld bedien om Sy liefde bekend te stel en te bewys. Alhoewel onkruid nie die saad noodwendig doodmaak nie, verstrik dit die potensiaal van die saad en beperk dit die grond om die koring by sy volle potensiaal uit te kry! So hou die onkruid jou dan jonk en onvolwasse. Kan ek sê “ongegroei”! Die volgende gelykenis gaan verder en sê die saad wat Hy in ons saai is soos ‘n mosterdsaad… die kleinste in saad maar die grootste in potensiaal. Alles hang dus SLEGS af hoe en deur wie ons gegroei word! Daar is niemand meer in staat om jou land tot sy volheid te bring as jy self nie… Slegs jy het die hart om dit te kan doen!
Geniet elke oomblik van die groeiseisoen! Gebruik die BESTE VAN JOU om die BESTE UIT JOU SAAD uit te haal sodat jy die BESTE OES kan hê! 1Kor 2:9 “Wat die oog nog nie gesien het nie, wat die oor nog
nie gehoor het nie, en wat in die hart van die mens nog nie opgekom het
nie, het God klaar gereed gemaak vir die wat Hom lief het”!
www.facebook.com/LaeveldAgrochem
LAEVELDNUUS jg g
6 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
iPAD WENNER
Baie geluk aan Jan Rheeder, van
Rheeder Boerdery Edms. Bpk. Hy is
die gelukkige wenner van die vorige
uitgawe se iPad-kompetisie. Ons is
seker hy sal sy prys
geweldig geniet.
Onthou om vir hierdie uitgawe se kompetisie op bladsy 29 in te skryf. Dalk is jy ons volgende wenner!
LAEVELDNUUSDie jongste nuus uit Laeveld Agrochemjg g
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 7
“Die wat met trane saai, sal vreugde maai.”Krag vir die DAG
Gedurende Juniemaand het Laeveld
Agrochem die produksie begin van
hul korporatiewe video, wat deur
Faction Media te Brits verfilm is.
Volgens Laeveld se Corné Liebenberg
is hy heeltemal oortuig dat hierdie
korporatiewe video ‘n onmisbare
hulpmiddel vir elkeen gaan word,
veral vir gebruik op boeredae en vir
die nuwe agente.
Ons sê dankie aan Johan en sy span
van Laeveld se Brits-depot vir hul
heeldag regtsaan en rondspring… julle
maak ‘n bakgaai span uit!
LIGHTS, CAMERA... ACTION!
Psalm 126:5
Strongarm is korrelvormig en
waterdispergeerbaar. Dis aangedui vir
vooropkomsbeheer in tenkmengsel met
sekere grasdoders vir die beheer van
eenjarige grasse, breëblaaronkruide en,
onder sekere toestande, ook geeluintjies.
Mnr Lourens Bibbey van Frankfort in die
Vrystaat, waarskynlik die boer wat die
meeste soja in Suid-Afrika plant, het
vanjaar 2 700ha onder soja gehad en
sê dis ‘n genade as ‘n boer ‘n produk
soos Strongarm kan koop en gebruik. Op
sommige lande was dit nie eens nodig
om glifosaat te spuit nie, sê hy.
“Strongarm is op al die lande gespuit met
uitstekende onkruidbeheer. ‘n Mens kon
die verskil duidelik sien waar die spuit
8 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
SUKSESVERHAAL
Strongarm 840 WG, die selektiewe onkruiddoder van Dow AgroSciences - geregistreer vir gebruik op soja- en grondbone - het sy eerste seisoen se spuit op boere se landerye met vlieënde vaandels geslaag. Boere wat dit gebruik het, het net lof vir Strongarm se deeglike werking om selfs van die hardnekkigste onkruid ontslae te raak.
STRONGARM‘n Wenner teen onkruid by soja- en grondbone
Mnr Johan Bothma van Dow AgroSciences se noordelike streek (links) saam met mnr Lourens Bibbey in sy sojaland.
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 9
Wenner onkruiddoder
nie gespuit het nie,” sê hy. “Waar reën
kort na spuit op sekere lande geval het,
was dit nie nodig om die lande ook met
glifosaat te spuit om laat ontkiemende
onkruid te beheer nie.”
‘n Suksesvolle boeredag is in Februarie
deur mnr Jan Schabort van Laeveld
Agrochem op mnr Lourens Bibbey se
plaas gehou waar Johan Bothma van
Dow AgroSciences ‘n aanbieding oor
Strongarm gedoen het.
“Strongarm was verlede jaar die eerste
keer in die mark en was ‘n topverkoper.
Dit bespaar koste omdat die boer
minder glifosaat hoef te spuit en selfs
glad nie as toestande gunstig is. Waar
Strongarm gebruik is, het dit effektiewe
onkruidbeheer bewys en ook moeilik
beheerbare onkruid soos wandelende
Jood, stokroos en selfs uintjies onder
sekere toestande goed onderdruk,” sê
hy.
Mnr Japie Grobler van Karookom,
Bothaville, oud-president van AgriSA, is
net so tevrede met Strongarm op sy
grondbone. “Op ons groot blok is dit
silwerskoon. Strongarm werk beslis,”
sê hy. Sy seun Philip is die man op
die land. “Ons het alles met Strongarm
gespuit. Dit werk uitstekend. ’n Mens
sien die verskil duidelik waar die spuit
gemis het of ’n baan oorgeslaan is. Waar
nie gespuit is nie en later geskoffel
moes word, vertoon die grondbone baie
swakker as waar gespuit is.”
Mnr Danie van Wyk van Wonderfontein, Middelburg, kniel in sy pragtige stand soja. Dit is duidelik Strongarm het gesorg dat die gewas geen mededinging van onkruid het nie.
SUKSESVERHAAL
10 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
“Strongarm is ’n wenproduk,” sê mnr
Zakkie Steyn van Bothaville. Hy het ’n
verwerkingsaanleg op sy plaas waar
grondbone onder die handelsmerk
Peanut Bear gegradeer en verpak word.
Hy voer keurgraadgrondbone uit na die
VSA.
“Iemand sê anderdag hy wens hulle wil
’n Roundup-Ready-grondboon op die
mark bring. Ek dink nie dis nodig nie
– ons het dan Strongarm; dit is nou die
oplossing. Onkruidbeheer is net soveel
beter. Wat dit merkwaardig maak, is
dat dit so lank gewerk het nadat ons
ontsettend baie reën gehad het. Ons het
kort na spuit reën gekry en dan werk dit
veral soos ’n bom.
“Waar dit nie gereën het nie, kom
onkruid deur. Daaraan kan jy niks doen
nie. Op een plaas het die spuit leeg
geraak en deur die land gery. Daar
kon ek sien hoe goed Strongarm is op
wilde lusern. Selfs wandelende Jood,
’n moeilike onkruid om te bekamp, is
na ons groot reën in Desember nog
uitstekend beheer. Waar nie gespuit is
nie, was die grondbone toegegroei onder
onkruid. Ons het ook gevind die beheer
van uintjies, ’n halsstarrige onkruid, is
baie goed,”
Mnr Wim Nel van Palmietfontein,
Bothaville, is net so tevrede met
Strongarm. Sy grondboonlande was nog
nooit so skoon van wilde lusern nie, sê
hy. Een strook land is as kontrole nie
gespuit nie en daar floreer die onkruid.
Mnr George Steyn van die plaas
Humanskraal naby Ottosdal is ’n groot
boer. Hy het Strongarm op aanbeveling
van mnr Tom Wiersma van Technichem
Oesbeskerming gespuit.
Mnr Theunis van der Westhuizen in sy sojaland (links) saam met mnr Louis Botha, van Nulandis in die Middelburg-area. Links kan ‘n mens sien hoe hoog staan die stokroos waar die spuit gemis het.
Wenner-onkruiddoder
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 11
“Onkruidbeheer met Strongarm is baie
goed. Ek het een keer gespuit en die
lande is silwerskoon. Ek dink nie ’n
mens kan meer sê soja is ’n pieperige
gewas nie, mits lande onkruidvry is
nie. Ons grootste vyand is wandelende
Jood. Ander onkruiddoders maak hom
nie dood, wel die ander onkruid. Dan
floreer die Jood want dis net hy en die
gewas wat die vog en kunsmis gebruik,”
sê mnr Steyn.
“Strongarm is ’n wenproduk. Die boer
wen by die oes,” sê mnr Theunis van
der Westhuizen van Groenkraalfontein,
Middelburg, ‘n boer met baie ander
ysters in die vuur.
“Een van my groot probleme is
wildestokroos (Hibiscus cannabinus) en
daar is nie ander onkruiddoders wat
stokroos by sojabone goed beheer nie. Ek
het in die verlede baie probleme gehad
met pap implementebande. As
die stroper die stokroos se droë
stingel aftrap, bly ‘n kort stukkie
stam in die grond geanker. Dit
is sterk en skerp en steek deur
‘n implement se buiteband met
groot vertragings om pap wiele
eers te herstel.
“Beheer van stokroos met
Strongarm is dus ‘n bonus
en dit word nie eens op die
onkruiddoder se etiket aangedui
nie. Daar is ander moeilike onkruid soos
wandelende Jood en kankerroos oor op
my lande maar hulle is deeglik met
Strongarm beheer as jy kyk na waar die
spuit gemis het,” sê hy.
Mnr Danie van Wyk van Wonderfontein,
Middelburg, ook ‘n kliënt van mnr Louis
Botha, se plaas lê neffens die N3 op
pad Laeveld toe. Hy het 100 ha soja
geplant en goeie onkruidbeheer beheer
met Strongarm saam met een bespuiting
glifosaat gekry. Van die mooiste soja was
op sy onkruidvrye lande te sien.
“Dit was ‘n moeilike jaar maar Strongarm
het uitstekend gewerk. Dit bespaar ook
op addisionele glifosaatbespuitings,” sê
hy.
Strongarm 840 WG (Reg. No. L 8667).
Kontak u naaste Laeveld agent vir meer inligting oor Dow AgroSciences se Strongarm 840 WG.
Mnr Johan Bothma van Dow AgroSciences (links) en Danie du Plessis van Laeveld Agrochem (middel) saam met mnr Zakkie Steyn van Bothaville.
The links between poverty and environ-
mental degradation in rural areas is usu-
ally easy to see - but the causes are
always complex. Rural areas can be rich
with untapped human and environmental
potential and call for innovative, integra-
tive approaches.
The Environmental Monitoring Group The EMG’s work with rural communities
aims to illustrate the value of participa-
tory approaches that draw on inherent
resources, build problem-solving capac-
ity, and develop the base for sustain-
able livelihoods. At the same time their
Rural Development Programme aims to
develop arguments for better policy and
practice that promote effective adaptation
to climate variability and address land
degradation while maintaining biodiver-
sity, agricultural productivity and local
livelihoods.
Small-scale FarmersEMG has been working with small-scale
rooibos farmers of the Suid-Bokkeveld for
some years, assisting them in accessing
fair trade and organic markets. For these
farmers, marginalised by apartheid and
the monopoly rooibos processing indus-
try, the higher prices obtained on the
fair trade and organic markets, mean that
tea-growing is no longer merely a surviv-
al strategy, but a viable farming activity.
EMG provides a range of on-going sup-
port to Suid-Bokkeveld farmers organised
under the Heiveld Co-operative, repre-
senting some 60 small-scale farmers and
their dependents. With access to alter-
native trading systems comes supportive
financing and training. The farmers have
been able to raise capital to build their
own tea-processing facility and have re-
cently purchased their own administra-
tive and processing facility in the vil-
lage of Nieuwoudtville. As their farming
activities have become more profitable,
so opportunities for building sustainable
farming practices have increased.
12 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
COMMUNITYLAEVELD
Biodiversityrural development&
SUPPORTING RURAL DEVELOPMENT
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 13
Rural Development
Adapting to Climate Change
In the Suid Bokkeveld in 2003, a pro-
longed drought wiped out most of the
small-scale farmers’ cultivated rooibos.
Since then they have been engaged in
a process of learning and action to en-
hance their resilience in the face of cli-
matic variability.
Every three months members of the com-
munity gather to share their records of
the weather during the previous quarter.
They discuss weather impacts and their
responses to these, review long term
forecasts, develop plans to adapt their
farming practices and livelihood strate-
gies and learn more about the drivers of
climatic change and its effects.
Farmers have modified their farming
practices and have appreciated the natu-
ral adaptation of wild rooibos to increas-
ing temperatures and drought events,
recognising that husbandry of wild rooi-
bos provides a safety net that reduces
their vulnerability and conserves biodi-
versity at little or no additional cost.
Wild Rooibos TeaThe leaves and young shoots of the
rooibos bush have been used by in-
digenous peoples of the Western Cape
since pre-history to produce a health-
giving beverage known as rooibos tea.
It was only in the early 1900s that the
species began to be cultivated on a
commercial basis.
The cultivated rooibos variety is fast-
growing and high-yielding, but less re-
sistant to pests and drought than wild
varieties. Because of increasing demand,
much of the specie’s natural habitat has
been ploughed up and put under in-
tensive mono-crop cultivation. There are
very few areas remaining where wild
tea plants can still be found (mostly in
marginal and mountainous areas). Like
the wild tea, small-scale coloured farm-
ers were also limited to the more mar-
ginal areas by successive colonial and
apartheid laws. Communities of small-
scale rooibos farmers have been har-
vesting wild and cultivated rooibos for
many generations, and have become the
de facto guardians of the wild rooibos
genetic stock.
The EMG facilitated a programme of Ac-
tion Research with small-farmers of the
Heiveld Co-op and Wupperthal Co-op to
identify, characterise and map popula-
tions of wild tea.
Wild rooibos offers a potentially more re-
liable source of income, but farmers are
keen to develop a sustainable harvesting
strategy, and gain more insight into the
ecology of the plant in the wild and its
response to a changing climate.
The importance of managing and pro-
tecting this wild genetic stock cannot be
overstated, particularly as climate change
may put new pressures on the cultivated
variety and threaten the viability of the
industry.
14 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
PROFILEPRODUCT
K-Obiol® EC25 is a modern pyrethroid formulation containing deltamethrin, synergised with piperonyl butoxide for the control of all stored product insects known to infest grain and pulses. This pyrethroid formulation is an ideal alternative to organo-phosphorus formulations.
K-Obiol® EC25
ASSURED PROTECTION
Earn Agribonus points on any products bought from Laeveld
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 15
Root Rot Protection
Up to 12 months control (Admixture)• K-Obiol® EC25 is a liquid grain
protectant for the control of stored
product pests including crawling
insects such as grain weevils, flour
beetles, grain borers, saw-toothed
grain beetles, bean weevils and
flying insects such as warehouse
moths, rice moths, Indian meal
moths and grain moths.
Add 1 litre of K-Obiol® EC25 to 99
litres of water and apply this to 100
tonnes of grain for protection up to 12
months.
Fabric of the building treatment (pre-harvest) • K-Obiol® EC 25 can be applied to
the fabric of the building.
Add up to 60ml of K-Obiol® EC25 to
5 litres of water. Refer to the label
for different porous and non-porous
application rates. This fabric treatment
provides 2 months protection.
• K-Obiol® EC25 can be used in
grain silos and stores that are
subsequently used for oilseed
rape storage as a fabric of the
building and equipment treatment
only. K-Obiol® EC25 does not have
approval for use as an admixture
treatment for oilseed rape.
No Withholding period• On finished, manufactured product,
flour and bread: no residues over
the MRL are found as deltamethrin
does not significantly penetrate the
grain but remains on the bran.
• Within hard wheat manufactured
products, semolina and pasta:
no residues over the MRL of
deltamethrin were detected.
• In malting: No residue over the
MRL of deltamethrin is found in
wort or beer, and therefore has no
effect on beer.
K-Obiol® EC25: Deltamethrin
(pyrethroid) 25 g/l; Piperonyl butoxide
250g/l(Reg No. L4586 Act No. 36 of
1947)
Please contact your nearest Laeveld Agrochem agent for more information on this product.
Die Suid-Afrikaanse tafel aartappelpro-
dusent moet dikwels ‘n keuse maak
tussen:
Plant van saad van sy gunsteling kultivar
wat met silwerskurf-swartspikkel besmet
is; plant van skoon saad van ‘n ander
kultivar; of plant ‘n ander gewas.
Die doel van hierdie artikel is om feite
rondom die silwerskurf/swartspikkel-
kompleks te gee sodat die produsent ‘n
ingeligte besluit kan maak.
AgtergrondDie simptome van silwerskurf en
swartspikkel word meestal nie op
ongewaste aartappels raakgesien nie.
Dit verklaar waarom die siekte-kompleks
wêreldwyd, en tot relatief onlangs, as
minder belangrik beskou is. Die siektes
word dikwels as ‘n kosmetiese siekte,
of ‘n “blemish disease” beskryf. In Suid-
Afrika het die simptome van die siekte-
kompleks reeds in die vroeë 1980’s tot
afgradering van tafelaartappels gelei.
Dit is waarskynlik te wyte aan die feit
dat die Suid-Afrikaanse verbruiker lank
reeds gewaste aartappels sonder enige
vlekke vereis. ‘n Verdere implikasie
is dat aanplantings vir saad ook nie
gesertifiseer kan word nie, indien die
siektes die maksimum toleransie wat die
skema toelaat oorskry.
Al hoe meer verslae van navorsing in
die buiteland toon egter dat silwerskurf-
swartspikkel as ‘n belangrike siekte
regoor die wêreld erken word. Die
siekte-kompleks is reeds so vroeg as die
1980’s al in Suid-Afrika nagevors (Denner,
1997).
Die siekte-kompleksSilwerskurf word veroorsaak deur
die swam Helminthosporium solani
en swartspikkel deur die swam
Colletotrichum coccodes respektiewelik.
Hoewel simptome van die twee siektes
deur die geoefende oog onderskei kan
word (Tabel 1), lyk hulle op die oog af vir
16 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
ONKRUIDBEHEERPLAAG- &
SilverskurfSwartspikkel&
Hoe nou gemaak?
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 17
Silverskurf en Swartspikkel
baie mense dieselfde. Daarom word daar
dikwels net gepraat van silwerskurf. Dit
is egter meer korrek om van silwerskurf-
swartspikkel te praat. Hoewel die siektes
afsonderlik op knolle kan voorkom, kom
hulle ook in kombinasie voor omdat die
toestande vir siekte-ontwikkeling baie
ooreenstem.
Silwerskurf en swartspikkel ontwikkel
albei by temperature tussen 20 – 30oC.
Vogtige omgewingstoestande speel
‘n uiters belangrike rol by siekte-
ontwikkeling van albei patogene. Indien
plante onder stres verkeer kan dit ook
bevorderlik vir siekte-ontwikkeling wees.
Die spore van veral silwerskurf word
maklik deur lugstrome versprei. Hierdie
feit is veral belangrik by siekte-
ontwikkeling en -verspreiding tydens
opberging. Skoon saad wat saam met
besmette saad opgeberg word kan
maklik op die manier besmet raak.
Knolle kan enige tyd na oes, tydens
hantering of gedurende opberging
besmet raak.
Tydens die groeiseisoen vind infeksie
deur albei patogene reeds vanaf
blomstadium plaas. Die mees kritieke tyd
vir infeksie is gewoonlik die laaste 2 na
3 weke van die groeiseisoen. Hoe langer
die knolle na loofafsterwing in die grond
lê hoe hoër word die besmettingsvlakke.
Infeksie deur beide silwerskurf en
swartspikkel word meestal beperk tot die
buitenste lagie van ‘n knol, net onder die
skil (periderm).
In die geval van silwerskurf veroorsaak
infeksie dat die skil losgemaak word van
die onderliggende weefsel, daarom die
18 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
silweragtige voorkoms. In die geval van
swartspikkel kan die kleur van die letsels
varieer van ligbruin tot donkerbruin.
Wat is die effek van beide siektes op
saadkwaliteit, stand en opbrengs?
Silwerskurf en swartspikkel kom net onder
die skil van knolle voor en infeksie lei
tot die beskadiging daarvan. As gevolg
van die beskadiging van die skil raak dit
deurlaatbaar wat tot vogverlies van knolle
lei. Indien vogverlies plaasvind tydens
opberging word die knolle ‘pap’ en
beïnvloed dit die fisiologiese houvermoë
van die knolle. Die plant van dié saad
kan tot standprobleme lei.
Daar ontstaan ook skeurtjies
in die skil wat ideale
omstandighede vir besmetting
van bv. siektes soos sagtevrot
en Fusarium spp. skep.
Hierdie sekondêre infeksies
kan reeds voor plant tot
verrotting lei. Besmette
saad kan onder gunstige
omstandighede ‘n goeie
stand en opbrengs lewer. Die
risiko bestaan egter dat die siektes na
die nageslagknolle oorgedra kan word.
Wat kan ek doen as besmette saad wel geplant moet word?• Behandel saad met ‘n geregistreerde
swamdoder.
• Sorg dat groeitoestande so optimaal
moontlik gehou word.
Omdat infeksie van die saad en/of
grond na dogter knolle, veral laat in
die grondseisoen plaasvind, moet daar
geoes word sodra dit prakties moontlik
PLAAG- & ONKRUIDBEHEER
Bo: Aartappel met silverskurf
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 19
is. Moenie aartappels in die grond stoor
nie, dit sal siekte-ontwikkeling/uitbreiding
bevorder. Monitor die teenwoordigheid
vir beide siektes weekliks, veral die
laaste vier weke van die groeiseisoen
asook na loof afsterwing.
Hoe beperk ek besmetting van grond?• Moet nie saad wat met swartspikkel
besmet is, in waardevolle nuwe
grond plant nie.
• Ken die geskiedenis van die land.
Die swartspikkel patogeen kan tot 8
jaar in grond oorleef.
• Gewasrotasie moet nie minder as 4
jaar wees nie.
• Vermy die plant van alternatiewe
gashere (bv. tamaties) in ‘n
gewasrotasie met aartappels.
• Beheer gasheer-onkruide.
Waarom presteer behandelde knolle soms swakker as wat verwag word?• Swamdoderprodukte van saadaartap-
pels is slegs geregistreer as ‘n na
oes of voor plant behandeling.
• Geen che-
miese opvolg behan-
delings gedurende
die groeiseisoen is
beskikbaar om ver-
dere siekte-ontwikke-
ling wat mag ontstaan
te beheer nie.
• Geen produk-
te is geregistreer vir
die beheer van C. coc-
codes in die grond nie.
• Groot aan-
plantings lei daar toe dat knolle
nie tydig geoes kan word nie.
• Die tydige oes van knolle is een
vandie belangrikste beheerpraktyke
waar beide siektes ‘n probleem is.
Skrywer: Dr. Fienie Niederwieser,
Aartappels Suid-Afrika en dr. Freddie
Denner, Agchem Africa. Oorspronklik in
Chips gepubliseer, die amptelike tydskrif
van die Aartappels Suid-Afrika.
Verwysings:Denner, FDN, 1997. Black dot and silver scurf of potatoes in
South Africa - PhD tesis, Universiteit van Pretoria.
Denner, FDN, 2006.Geïntegreerde beheer van silwerskurf en
antraknose op aartappels. Chips Vol 20 no 4. Beskikbaar op
www.potatoes.co.za/research/chips
Nortje, PF. 2001. Hantering van silwerskurf en antraknose in
die sertifiseringskema. Chips vol 15 no 6.Beskikbaar op www.
potatoes.co.za/research/chips
Danaher, J & Hilton, A. 2005.Prediction and manipulation of
black dot development in potato crops. Project report 2005/2.
British Potato Council.
Hamm, PB., Johnson, DA; Miller, JS; Olsen, & Nolte, P. 2007.
Silver scurf management in potatoes. A Pacific Northwest
extension Publication.
Silverskurf en Swartspikkel
Bo: Aartappel met swartspikkel
D it is betalend vir die boer om te
betaal om bankrotbos op ‘n plaas
uit te roei as die wins aan drakrag van
die veld teen die koste van bestryding
opgeweeg word, sê ‘n beesboer van die
distrik Vredefort in die Vrystaat.
“As ‘n mens suiwer na die ekonomie van
die saak kyk, maak dit absoluut sin. Dit
sal my so drie jaar neem om my uitleg
te herwin,” sê dr Chris Reinecke. “Daarna
is opvolgwerk nodig om bossies wat wel
weer opkom, summier uit te roei.”
Dr Reinecke het ‘n doktorsgraad in
Chemie en was vroeër hoof van ‘n groot
korporatiewe maatskappy. Hy boer op
Reitzbrug in die distrik Vredefort.
Die plase waar hy die bankrotbossie, ook
bekend as vaalbos en slangbos (Seriphium
vulgaris), bestry het, is Leeukop en
Modderfontein – sowat 365 ha.
Hy benader die saak wetenskaplik, het
die ekonomie van die onderneming
fyn uitgewerk en mnr Chris Richter
van Terracare Vegetation Consultants,
‘n spesialisfirma van Bloemfontein,
geraadpleeg.
20 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
Dit betaal om te betaal om bankrotbos uit te roei, sê die boere.
BANKROTBOSuitwissing vanDie
Die verskil tussen die bankrot(bos)kant en die gerehabiliteerde kant is baie duidelik te sien.
ONKRUIDBEHEERPLAAG- &
“Ons het lugtoediening gebruik en
dit is binne so drie uur afgehandel.
Trekkerbespuiting sou seker drie
maande geneem het gepaard met baie
probleme en intensiewe arbeid. Op ou
lande kan ‘n trekker nog werk maar nie
in klipperige veld soos myne nie. Die
plase was erg besmet en die drakrag
waarskynlik helfte van die potensiaal.
“Waarom betaal dit om te betaal om
bankrotbos te bestry? Ek sou op hierdie
stuk grond omtrent 70 beeste kon aanhou;
met bankrotbos kan dit net 35 dra. Ek
kan nou nog 35 koeie aanhou en met my
kalfpersentasie van 70% beteken dit 25
meer kalwers per jaar, wat teen vandag
se pryse amper R100 000 hoër omset gee
en sowat R70 000 aan netto wins.
“Die lugtoediening het my sowat R200 000
gekos. As dié koste gedelg is, hou die
wins nie op nie. Verdwaalde bankrotbos
wat weer groei, moet gemonitor en
met handtoediening bestry word,” sê dr
Reinecke. “As ‘n mens vandag onder die
dooie bossie kyk, sien jy hoe polle gras
hervestig; ‘n pragtige gesig. Ek sit met
grond wat R10 000/ha kos.
As ek te suinig is om sowat R365/ha
te betaal om my veld se drakrag te
verhoog, is dit dom ekonomie. Tegelyk
vrek ander bome, selfs bloekom, en
sommige indringerplante ook.”
Mnr Leon van Vuuren van Shumbas Valley
tussen Parys en Fochville in die distrik
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 21
Bankrotbos
‘n Welkome gesig van gesonde weiding! Mnr Chris Richter, ‘n deskundige op die gebied van die beheer van bankrotbos, wys na ‘n dooie bankrotbossie in Mnr Louis van Vuuren se veld.
Dr Chris Reinecke en mnr Chris Richter van Terra Care midde in die dooie bankrotbos wat deur die vee platgetrap word of self omval en terugkeer na die grond. Die nuwe weiding wat deurkom, is duidelik te sien.
22 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
Potchefstroom is uitsluitlik ‘n deeltydse
wildboer en was maar anderhalfjaar op
die plaas toe hy teen die bankrotbos
opgetree het.
Hy het ook Chris Richter se deskundige
kennis gebruik maar met die hand
bestry omdat hy nie natuurlike bome
en struike wou uitroei nie. Hy het baie
beboste randjiesveld. Sewe maande
na behandeling sê hy: “Daar is net ‘n
ontsaglike verskil. Selfs harpuisbos, ‘n
moeilike kalant, word goed beheer. Ek
maak nou meer waterpunte. Die wild
benut die veld om die nuwe drinkplek.
Waar hulle wei, trap hulle die dooie
bankrotbos plat en vreet die gras wat
opkom. Jy kan sien die gras se toppe is
afgewei. Ek kry die wild nou oor ‘n baie
groter deel van die plaas.
“Ek het so 600 stuks wild op die plaas en
skat ek sal vorentoe so 900 op dieselfde
grond kan laat wei,” sê mnr Van Vuuren. Hy
bedryf ook ‘n massavervoeronderneming.
Mnr André de Beer, wat ‘n
staalonderneming in Potchefstroom
bedryf, boer deeltyds met beeste op
die plaas Modderdam in die Vredefort-
distrik. Chris Richter het vier jaar gelede
op sy plaas gespuit en verlede jaar
opvolgwerk gedoen. Die bestryding is
met hande-arbeid gedoen omdat André
as beesboer nie die nodige implemente
het nie. “’n Mens moet opvolg,” sê mnr
De Beer. “Ek dink daar bly maar saad
agter wat mettertyd ontkiem. Ek meen ek
het 85% gras bygekry. Kostegewys was
Anderkant die draad tier die bankrotbos! Mnre Johan Bothma van Dow AgroSciences en Louis van Vuuren, wildboer van Vredefort, kyk na ‘n stewige groen stand van die indringerplant op ‘n buurplaas. Teen die draad is dit duidelik dat die bossie behandel is en gevrek het. Voortdurende opvolgwerk is nodig om verdwaalde plante uit te roei.
ONKRUIDBEHEERPLAAG- &
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 23
Bankrotbos
dit die moeite werd want die drakrag
het verhoog en ek kan seker tussen 60
en 70 meer beeste op die plaas aanhou.
Ek maak nog steeds kampe en sal dan
moontlik selfs nog meer beeste kan laat
wei.
“Dit is nodig om opvolgwerk te doen
as bestryding met hande-arbeid gedoen
word omdat dit maklik is om in ‘n digte
stand enkele bankrotbosplante oor te
slaan. As jy besin oor wat in vier jaar
hier gebeur het, is dit ongelooflik,” sê hy.
“Dit betaal beslis om die bankrotbossie
uit te roei.”
Chris Richter is ‘n weidingsekoloog en
probleemplantspesialis wat op die che-
miese bestryding van indringerplante
soos bankrotbos/slangbos konsentreer. Hy
sê in die gevalle hierbo is Molopo 200
GG Reg. No. L6111 uit die lug toegedien
en waar dit met hande-arbeid gedoen
is, is Molopo 500 SC Reg. No. L 5854
gebruik. Albei produkte van Dow Agro-
Sciences is geregistreer ingevolge Wet
No. 36 van 1947.
Hy sê sukses met bestryding van
bankrotbos hang af van ‘n paar faktore :
• korrekte geregistreerde produk;
• korrekte konsentrasie en dosis;
• korrekte tyd van toediening;
• metode van aanwending (vliegtuig/trekkerspuit/hande-arbeid); en
• goeie toesig en beheer tydens
toediening.
Laeveld help graag met die bestryding
van bankrotbossie.
Mnr André de Beer van Modderfontein, Vredefort, staan in sy weikamp by ‘n verdwaalde bankrotbossie wat opgekom het.
Mnr Louis van Vuuren meen hy sal ‘n derde meer wild op sy plaas kan laat wei nadat die bankrotbos onder beheer gebring is.
Root RotIdentification
Common root rot is a serious disease of
wheat, barley, and oats. Infected plants
tend to produce fewer tillers with
smaller and fewer seeds per head.
This disease is caused by a complex of
soil-borne fungi. The spores germinate
in the soil. Seedlings become infected
following germination. Spores are
produced on diseased tissue and are
spread by wind, water, cultivation, and
infected seeds.
Patchy emergence is usually the first
indication that damage has occurred.
Infections start on the roots and sub-
crown internodes and move to the
leaves. Seedlings may die before or soon
after emergence even though they only
show slight damage.
Drought and warm weather cause more
severe infections. Nutritional stress can
also favour infection.
Symptoms:
Look for brown discolouration of stem
bases, roots, crowns, and lower leaf
sheaths. Infected plants are generally
shorter and produce fewer stems and
grains per head.
At times, plants appear bleached and
dead. Root rot may be tolerated by the
plant with no above ground symptoms,
as long as sufficient new roots are
generated.
Treatment & Prevention
Avoid soil compaction. Turning under
stubble may help to reduce infection
levels. Apply adequate nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium to encourage
vigorous root and shoot growth to
enable plants to resist or tolerate
infection.
Under cooler temperatures, delayed
seeding and proper seeding depths
promote uniform germination and
24 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
DISORDERSDISEASES &
Rot Remedyidentifying treating&
root rot and crown rot
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 25
Rot Remedies
emergence to reduce infection. Avoid
growing continuous wheat or continuous
barley. Rotation with non-cereal crops
and control of grassy weeds will reduce
inoculum levels.
Commercial seed treatment fungicides
that prevent seed decay also provide
some protection against post-emergence
infections.
Crown & Foot RotIdentification
Crown rot is a disease which affects
many different types of plants, including
fruits, shrubs and trees. Plants afflicted
with this disease experience rot around
their stems, in the area where the stem
joins the root.
Several different organisms can cause
crown rot. One of the most famous
is Phytophthora, an organism which
is often mistakenly referred to as a
fungus, although it is actually a protist.
Fusarium fungi can also cause crown
rot, as can several other fungal species,
and sometimes the condition is linked
to bacteria or nematodes.
Symptoms
The first symptom noticed is usually
wilting of the leaves. Within several
days, the entire plant wilts and dies.
If the soil is removed from around
the base of the plant, a very distinct
necrotic rot of the crown and the upper
portion of the taproot is evident. The
rot develops first as a light-coloured,
water-soaked area, which becomes
progressively darker. It begins in the
cortex of the root, causes cortex tissue
to slough off, and eventually destroys
all of the tissue except the fibrous
vascular strands.
The main and lower portions of the
taproot are not affected, except under
extremely wet conditions. Likewise, the
stem is not affected, except for the
lower 2–4 cm immediately above the
soil line.
Treatment & Prevention
Prevention of crown rot starts with
using good quality, sterile soil for
new plantings, so that plant pathogens
cannot be passed around.
Plants should also be given a stable
supply of water which meets their
needs, and farmers should avoid over
watering or allowing plants to dry out
totally, as these conditions can promote
the growth of unwanted organisms in
the soil.
Because the fungus survives in the soil
for only 2–3 years, a 4-year rotation is
usually adequate for disease control.
Planting fungicide-treated seed is also
effective in reducing the incidence of
disease initiated from infected seed.
'
26 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
PUZZLE tim
e
SUDOKU ADVANCE D
SUDOKU EASY
3 4
2 8
6 4
2 9
5 1
7
9 4
1
3
5 6
9
8
5
2
5
8 1
2
6 7
83
4
5
9
8 3 5
1 9
9
5
7
2
3
5
8
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4 3 5
9 1
7
6
6
4
1
4 9
8
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7 6
ACTIVITIESGAMES &
6
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 27
Games & Activities for the Family
*Terme & voorvaardes van toepassing. Kompetisie sluit einde Julie.
22
0 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
A MOST ALLURING NEW PRODUCT
chempacM A I Z E S TA L K B O R E R LU R E
Lowveld Agrochem -Together cultivating your success
Find your nearest agent at www.laeveld.co.za or 012 998 5909
Egg stage Larval stage Adult stage
A Pheromone attractant designed to lure the male Maize Stalk Borer moths
to the Chempac Yellow Delta Trap.
Placement of Yellow Delta Trap1. One trap per 5ha.2. Place the trap towards the highest point
of the plant.3. Ensure that there are no leaves near the
trap openings.4. Prevent sun from shining into the trap.5. Place towards the center of the land.6. Place 2/3 up against a slope.
Placement of pheromone in Delta Trap1. Use a paper clip, to which the pheromone
emitter is attached. 2. Push the paper clip through the Delta Trap
so that the emitter in positioned towards the middle of the trap.
(When handling the pheromone emitter be careful not to let it touch the side of the trap, as this may impact negatively on its catching potential.)
Monitoring Guidelines• Monitoring should commence in Novem-
ber. • Traps should be replaced and recorded on
a weekly basis.• Approximately 4 to 6 weeks after crop
emergence, weekly physical inspections should be conducted on leaves, stem and developing heads.
• Pheromone should be replaced every six weeks.
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 1
Earn Agribonus points on any products bought from Laeveld
Find your nearest agent at www.laeveld.co.za or 012 998 5909
Affected host plant
Identification of Maize Stalk Borer• Adult stage: In their adult stage moths
generally have dark brown, patterned fore-wings and white to grey-brown hind wings. Adult moths are nocturnal and have a wing span of 25 to 40 mm. Females are general-ly slightly larger than males. Females usual-ly mate on the night of emergence and will oviposit on the subsequent 3 to 4 nights. Females lay eggs in batches of 100 to 200. Each female can lay up to 1000 eggs in a lifetime. Adults have an area of dispersal of up to 1.6 km and occasionally further.
• Egg stage: Eggs are light yellow in colour, spherical, and approximately 1mm in diameter. Eggs are character-ised by approximately 70 radial ridges on the upper surface and are laid in a single column on the stem under leaf sheaths. Eggs hatch after about 10 days.
• Larval stage: Young larvae are generally dark brown, purple or black in colour. They migrate to the whorl to feed. There are usu-ally 6 larval instars although 8 are possible in unfavourable conditions. Instars burrow into the stem and feed on the central stem tissue. Typically only one larva is found per stem, as larvae are cannibalistic. Later, in-
stars are creamy-white with a grey or pink tint. Mature larvae can be up to 40mm in length and have small black spots along the length of the body. Larvae mature in about 35 days and pupate within the stem. Prior to pupating, larvae cut a small hole in the stem, which enables the adult moth to emerge.
• Pupae stage: Pupae are generally 25mm in length and shiny yellow brown to dark brown in colour. Males are usually smaller than females. Pupae are found in galleries within the stem and have a pair of plain spines located on the terminal cremaster. The pupae stage lasts from 2 to 3 weeks.
Usually 2 to 3 generations occur during the growing season.
Often, eggs from the 2nd or 3rd generation are laid around the ears and emerging larvae then cause extensive damage to young kernels before burrowing into the stalks.In favourable conditions, the life cycle can take 7 or 8 weeks.
Host PlantsMaize, sorghum, barley, sugarcane, and various thick-stemmed grasses such as Napier and Su-dan grass.
Durban, known as eThekwini to the
local Zulu population, forms part of
the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality
and is the largest city in KwaZulu-Natal.
Durban is a sophisticated cosmopolitan
city of over three million people - a city
where east meets west - a city beneath
which beats the pulse of Africa – a city
known as the home of Africa’s best man-
aged, busiest port.
Its an an exciting city in which to play,
shop, experience the nightlife and relax.
This city is home to the world-class Inter-
national Convention Centre Durban, which
has hosted a historic line-up of events
including conferences of a global scale.
Leisure facilities abound in Durban…Visit uShaka Marine World, Wilson’s
Wharf on the Victoria Embankment and
the nearby BAT Centre. Enjoy fine and
traditional dining, entertainment and shop-
ping in scenic surroundings or shop till
you drop in the city’s ulta-modern shop-
ping malls. Grey Street and the Warwick
Triangle boast vibrant local’s shops and
markets and Durban’s unique beachfront
stalls sell traditional arts and crafts, known
the world over.
Enjoy the excellent entertainment on offer
at the city’s theatres and clubs or take
a township tour. If it’s peace and sheer
beauty you are after, head off towards
Durban’s nature sanctuaries or parks. Sail,
30 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
TRAVEL
Situated along the east coast of South Africa, the Zulu Kingdom boasts a coastline over 600km in length, bathed by the warm waters of the Indian Ocean. Not surprisingly, travellers and tourists alike flock to its shores year-round to soak up the sun, swim in its seas and experience the
vibe and culture that defines the province.
Zulu KingdomExplore the
KZN at Play
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 31
Discover KwaZulu-Natal
swim, run, and play tennis or, alternatively
stroll along or relax on the sun-drenched
beaches watching the world go by.
Experience ZululandThe sheer majesty of Zululand will take
your breath away. Under the hot African
sun, the cobalt blue Indian Ocean, man-
grove swamps and limpid lagoons give
way to rolling green hills and indigenous
forests which shimmer in the distance be-
fore they reach the Drakensberg Moun-
tains.
While you are in Zululand, enjoy the wel-
coming wide smiles extended to you by
the local people. Enjoy the comfortable
accommodation in major towns, game
lodges, to seashore cottages, Zulu homes
or floating lake chalets. Zululand teems
with private and provincial game re-
serves which offer game-watching facili-
ties as well as hiking and nature trails.
But it is probably ‘the Zulu experience’
which will linger in your mind long after
you have left Zululand. Take an ox wagon
to Zulu villages of bee-hive huts and ex-
perience traditional Zulu hospitality, or a
rural wedding ceremony, and if you wish,
visit a sangoma (traditional healer).
You cannot leave without a visit to Ulundi,
the site of the final battle fought in the
Anglo-Zulu war. Nearby, Zulu kings lie
buried in the Emakhosini Valley. In total
contrast are the township tours showcasing
32 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
modern Zulu life including taverns,
shebeens and traditional medicine shops.
Further inland lie tea plantations, cattle
ranches and pretty, historical towns such
as Vryheid and Paulpietersburg where
you can relax in the therapeutic sulphur
springs.
The PeopleAn ethnically diverse people populate
KwaZulu-Natal, which is home to the
proud Zulu nation who ruled this terri-
tory with prowess and skill, and whose
cultural influence remains strongly evi-
dent. The English speaking residents
are largely descendants of European
settlers and missionaries, originating
from many world regions, and each
group displays interesting traditions.
The Indian population is the largest
community outside India itself and their
influence on cuisine, religion and life-
styles is colourfully evident in stores,
events, restaurants and cultural institu-
tions.
This assortment of citizens creates a vi-
brant population united in their friendli-
ness, generosity of spirit and welcom-
ing nature. They may appear laid-back
as a result of the relaxed lifestyle but
are founders and hosts of many world-
leading institutions and facilities. The
locals don’t care why you came, but
that you chose their home as your geta-
way, and no matter where in the prov-
ince you choose to lay your head, you
can be sure to be made welcome.
TRAVEL
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 1
Discover KwaZulu Natal
Dit bied groenteprodusente die
geleentheid om Lepidoptera-plae te
beheer deur die vreetskade op groente
te beperk of onmiddellik te stop. Die
lae dosis van aktief per hektaar, en
die teikenspesifieke spektrum maak
die produk uiters gunstig teenoor die
omgewing en voordelige insekte.
Stop vreetskade onmiddellik
BELT® veroorsaak spiersametrekkings
in die teiken-insek wat lei tot vinnige
staking van voeding, gevolg deur
verlamming en uiteindelike dood van
die larwe kort daarna. Dit is belangrik
om daarop te let dat die skade aan die
bemarkbare gewas drasties verminder
word deur dat die voeding vinnig
gestop word. ‘n Groter gedeelte van die
oes kan sodoende bemark word.
Minimale impak op voordelige insekte
34 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
PROFIELPRODUK-
BELT® is onlangs deur Bayer CropScience teen Ruitrugmot, Landmeterwurm, Amerikaanse Bolwurm en Aartappelmot onderskeidelik op tamaties, kool en aartappels geregistreer.
Optimaliseringvan bemarkbare gewasse
Die
met wurmbeheer
Met Belt behandel
Sonder Belt se behandeling
Ton/ha
Klas 2
Klas 1
Klas 2
Klas 1
BELT 480 SC @ 15ml/100l water
StandaardOnbehandeld
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 35
Optimale Wurmbeheer
BELT is spesifiek ontwerp vir die
beheer van Lepidoptera insekspesies.
Dit beteken dat die impak op ander
voordelige organismes dus minimaal is
en insekte soos rooi spinmyt se getalle
beperk word.
Kort onthoudingsperiode
Die voordelige toksikologiese profiel van
BELT gee ‘n verdere voordeel van kort
onthoudings- periodes soos hieronder gelys.
Reënvas
In nat toestande kleef BELT aan die plant
binne een tot twee ure na toediening en
bied uitstekende translaminêre beheer.
Die kombinasie van reënvastheid, die
minimale effek op voordelige organismes
en die vinnige staking van vreetskade
bied aan groenteprodusente ‘n ideale
middel om meer bemarkbare groentes
te bemark. Die voordeel van BELT
word hierbo geïllustreer waar ‘n proef
gedoen is met BELT in ‘n spuitprogram
op tamaties.
Laeveld is die trotse verspreider van Belt.
• Tamaties 1Dag
• Kool 3Dae
• Aartappels 14Dae
BELT®: Flubendiamied 480SC; Registrasie no. 8860 Wet 36 van 1947.
BELT® -behandeling (links), in vergelyking met onbehandelde plante (regs), op tamaties bied meer bemarkbare vrugte.
In partnership with
BEKOSTIGBARE BREËBAND SATELLIET INTERNET
Kontak jou naaste Laeveld Agrochem ver teenwoordiger, of besoek www.lantic .net/yahcl ick v i r meer in l igt ing of skakel ons by 087 805 0003
R186.00*per maandMaandeliks
R1 197.00Installasie Fooi Subskripsie
Kontrak
Value 512Spesifikasies: 512 Kbps Aflaai spoed. 128 Kbps Oplaai spoed. 1.5 GB Aflaai data per maand. Onbeperkde oplaai
R6553.00**R262.00** p / m
(Eenmalig) (36 Maande huur)
*Hardeware uitgesluit (CPE); **Prys van standaard installasie
Moeg gesukkel met swak Internet verbindings?
Skottel en toebehore
LAEVELD AGROCHEM
KLIENTE VERDIEN 1000 BONUSPUNTE, EN 3 MAANDE
SE GRATIS SUBSKRIPSIE
OP AGWORLD
* AGWORLD‘n Volledige bestuurstelsel vir jou boerdery • Vinnige intekening van jou plaas via Google EarthBeskikbaar deur Agworld-webwerf of iPad app Geriefliker vaslegging van data•Direkte toegang tot relevante inligting • Toegang tot aktiwiteitsverslae, informatiewe
artikels en produkkaarte
1.5GB - 50GB OPSIES BESKIKBAAR VIR ENIGE GROOTTE BOERDERY
In partnership with
BEKOSTIGBARE BREËBAND SATELLIET INTERNET
Kontak jou naaste Laeveld Agrochem ver teenwoordiger, of besoek www.lantic .net/yahcl ick v i r meer in l igt ing of skakel ons by 087 805 0003
R186.00*per maandMaandeliks
R1 197.00Installasie Fooi Subskripsie
Kontrak
Value 512Spesifikasies: 512 Kbps Aflaai spoed. 128 Kbps Oplaai spoed. 1.5 GB Aflaai data per maand. Onbeperkde oplaai
R6553.00**R262.00** p / m
(Eenmalig) (36 Maande huur)
*Hardeware uitgesluit (CPE); **Prys van standaard installasie
Moeg gesukkel met swak Internet verbindings?
Skottel en toebehore
LAEVELD AGROCHEM
KLIENTE VERDIEN 1000 BONUSPUNTE, EN 3 MAANDE
SE GRATIS SUBSKRIPSIE
OP AGWORLD
* AGWORLD‘n Volledige bestuurstelsel vir jou boerdery • Vinnige intekening van jou plaas via Google EarthBeskikbaar deur Agworld-webwerf of iPad app Geriefliker vaslegging van data•Direkte toegang tot relevante inligting • Toegang tot aktiwiteitsverslae, informatiewe
artikels en produkkaarte
1.5GB - 50GB OPSIES BESKIKBAAR VIR ENIGE GROOTTE BOERDERY
38 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
KLIMAATCLIMATE
Sustainable agriculture is the practice of farming using principles of ecology, the study of relationships between organisms and their environment.
Sustainable Agriculture
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 39
Sustainability
It has been defined as an integrated
system of plant and animal production
practices having a site-specific
application that will last over the long
term:
• Satisfy human food and fibre
needs.
• Enhance environmental quality and
the natural resource base upon
which the agricultural economy
depends.
• Make the most efficient use of non-
renewable resources and on-farm
resources and integrate, where
appropriate, natural biological
cycles and controls.
• Sustain the economic viability of
farm operations.
• Enhance the quality of life for
farmers and society as a whole.
Farming and Natural ResourcesSustainability can be understood as
an ecosystem approach to agriculture.
Practices that can cause long-term
damage to soil include excessive tillage
(leading to erosion) and irrigation
without adequate drainage (leading to
salinisation).
Long-term experiments have provided
some of the best data on how various
practices affect soil properties essential
to sustainability. Certain countries
even have agencies or organisations
which specialise in providing technical
and financial assistance for those
interested in pursuing natural resource
conservation and production agriculture
as compatible goals.
The most important factors for an
individual site are sun, air, soil and
water. Of the four, water and soil
quality and quantity are most amenable
to human intervention through time and
labour.
Although air and sunlight are available
everywhere on Earth, crops also
depend on soil nutrients and the
availability of water. When farmers
grow and harvest crops, they remove
some of these nutrients from the soil.
Without replenishment, land suffers
from nutrient depletion and becomes
either unusable or suffers from
reduced yields. Sustainable agriculture
depends on replenishing the soil while
minimising the use of non-renewable
resources, such as natural gas (used
in converting atmospheric nitrogen into
synthetic fertiliser), or mineral ores
(e.g., phosphate).
Possible sources of nitrogen that would,
in principle, be available indefinitely,
include:
1. Recycling crop waste and livestock
or treated human manure,
2. Growing legume crops and forages
40 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
KLIMAATCLIMATE
that form symbioses with nitrogen-
fixing bacteria called rhizobia,
3. Industrial production of nitrogen by
the Haber Process uses hydrogen,
which is currently derived from
natural gas, (but this hydrogen could
instead be made by electrolysis
of water using electricity (perhaps
from solar cells or windmills) or
4. Genetically engineering (non-
legume) crops to form nitrogen-
fixing symbioses or fix nitrogen
without microbial symbionts.
Although proposed during the 1970s,
the last option has only recently
become feasible. Sustainable options
for replacing other nutrient inputs
(phosphorus, potassium, etc.) are more
limited.
More realistic, and often overlooked,
options include long-term crop rotations,
returning to natural cycles that annually
flood cultivated lands (returning lost
nutrients indefinitely) such as the
Flooding of the Nile, the long-term
use of biochar, and use of crop and
livestock landraces that are adapted
to less than ideal conditions such as
pests, drought, or lack of nutrients.
Crops that require high levels of soil
nutrients can be cultivated in a more
sustainable manner if certain fertiliser
management practices are adhered to.
WaterIn some areas, sufficient rainfall is
available for crop growth, but many
other areas require irrigation. For
irrigation systems to be sustainable
they require proper management (to
avoid salinisation) and must not use
more water from their source than is
naturally replenished, otherwise the
water source becomes, in effect, a non-
renewable resource.
Improvements in water well drilling
technology and submersible pumps
combined with the development of drip
irrigation and low pressure pivots have
made it possible to regularly achieve
high crop yields where reliance on
rainfall alone previously made this level
of success unpredictable. However, this
progress has come at a price, in that
in many areas where this has occurred
the water is being used at a greater
Above: Sustainable agricultural techniques include water conservation.
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 41
rate than its rate of recharge.
Soil ErosionSoil erosion is fast becoming one of
the world’s greatest problems. It is
estimated that more than a thousand
million tonnes of southern Africa’s soil
are eroded every year.
Experts predict that crop yields will
be halved within thirty to fifty years if
erosion continues at present rates. Soil
erosion is not unique to Africa but is
occurring worldwide.
The phenomenon is being called Peak
Soil as present large scale factory
farming techniques are jeopardising
humanity’s ability to grow food in the
present and in the future.
Without efforts to improve soil
management practices, the availability
of arable soil will become increasingly
problematic.
Some Soil Management techniques
1. No-till farming
2. Keyline design
3. Growing wind breaks to hold the
soil
4. Incorporating organic matter back
into fields
5. Protecting soil from water runoff.
Sustainability
Above: An example of drip irrigation
0 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELDLowveld Agrochem -Together cultivating
your successFind your nearest agent at www.laeveld.co.za or 012 998 5909
Aangedui vir optimale;• Gewas Gesondheid• Wortelontwikkeling en
gewasvestiging• Opbrengs en winste• Stresverligting –
droogtetoestande, versuiptoestande, stres agv versouting van koue stres en onkruiddoder stres.
• Voedingsvlakke
Algemeen• Marinure® DS is mengbaar
met die meeste insekdoders, swamdoders, makro (N, P, and K) en mikro-element produkte.
• Indien twyfel bestaan, is dit raadsaam om die mengbaarheid te bepaal deur
eers klein hoeveelhede te meng of kontak u naaste verteenwoordiger.
• Marinure® DS is geskik vir alle soorte bespuiting en besproeiingsisteme asook lugbespuiting.
• Marinure® DS behoort toegedien te word na enige stremmingstoestande om die herstelvermoë van die plant te stimuleer.
• Hou houer toe.• Aanbevole bergings temperatuur
is onder 40ºC. • Vermy bevriesing van produk.• Moenie opgeloste mengsels
berg nie.
Marinure® DSSEEWIERBLAARBESPUITING
Marinure® DS contains Phosporic acid <1% Reg np. L3812 (Act no. 36 of 1947.) Handle with care.
Earn Agribonus
points on ANY product bought
from Lowveld
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 1Find your nearest agent at www.laeveld.co.za or 012 998 5909
SEEWIER BLAARVOEDIN
G
BI
O-STIMULANT
Gewas Gesondheid
Wortelontwikke-ling en gewasves-tiging
Opbrengs en winste
Stresverligting Voedingsvlakke
Marinure® DS is ‘n Seewier bevattende blaarvoeding met bygevoegde
mikro-elemente. Aangedui vir optimale:
44 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
RESEPTERECIPES
Winningdinners for the Work-week
Baked Macaroni & CheeseIngredients• 500g macaroni
• 30 ml olive oil
• 1 onion, chopped
• 4 cloves garlic, crushed
• 300g smoked ham or bacon, cubed
• 5ml paprika
• 500ml white sauce
• 200g Cheddar Cheese
Method1. Heat the oven to 180ºC.
2. Cook macaroni as per packet
3. Meanwhile, heat olive oil in a large
frying pan.
4. Sauté the onion, garlic and ham/ba-
con together until lightly browned.
5. Add the paprika and cook for an-
other 5 minutes.
6. Drain the pasta and return to the
saucepan.
7. Add the ham and vegetable mixture
to the pasta and mix thoroughly.
8. Add the white sauce to the pasta
and toss.
9. Transfer the pasta into a large oven-
proof dish and sprinkle with ched-
dar cheese.
10. Bake for 40 minutes, remove from
oven and serve immediately.
White Sauce:• 60 ml (4 Tbsps) salted butter
• 60 ml (4 Tbsps) flour
• 500 ml (2 cups) full cream milk
• 2 gratings of nutmeg, salt and pepper
Method1. Melt the butter in a saucepan.
2. Stir in the flour and whisk in the
milk.
3. Let it boil for 2 minutes.
4. Season with salt and pepper and
nutmeg and remove from heat
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 45
Watertand Werksweek
Chicken a la KingIngredients• 30 ml Sunflower Oil
• 500 g Chicken Fillet Strips
• ½ Onion Finely sliced
• 1 Green Pepper Finely sliced
• 1 Red Pepper Finely sliced
• 5 ml Garlic Salt
• 45 ml Cake Flour
• 180 ml Cream
• 100 ml Chicken Stock
• 5 ml Mixed Herbs
• 125 g Button Mushrooms Sliced
• Salt and pepper to taste
Method1. Heat 15ml of the oil in a large heavy
based saucepan
2. Sauté vegetables
3. Sprinkle the flour over then add the
cream, chicken stock and herbs and
chicken, stir well and allow to sim-
mer for 10 minutes
4. Season with salt and pepper to taste
5. Serve immediately with rice
Seafood PaellaIngredients• 75 ml Olive Oil
• 1 Small Onion finely chopped
• 2-3 Cloves Garlic crushed
• 2 Skinless Chicken Breasts cut in
large chunks
• 1 Green Pepper sliced
• 1 Red Pepper sliced
• 15 ml Portuguese Chicken Seasoning
• 1 x 410 g Tin Tomatoes
• 10 ml Sugar
• 500 ml Long Grain Rice
• 6 cups Water
• 1 Chicken Stock Cube
• 5 ml Turmeric
• 12 Large Mussels (in shells)
• 2 Fillets of white fish such as hake
• 300 g cleaned prawns
Method1. Sauté onion and garlic in olive oil
until onion become transparent.
2. Add chicken and peppers and Rob-
ertsons Portuguese Chicken Season-
ing cook stirring for a minute.
3. Add tomatoes and sugar and bring
to the boil, simmer uncovered until
almost all the liquid has evaporated.
4. Stir in rice, water, stock cube, and
turmeric. Stir until boiling and then
simmer covered for about 10 -15
minutes. Stir in mussels, top with fish
and prawns.
5. Cover and simmer for about 5 min-
utes or until fish and prawns are
cooked. Gently stir the fish and
prawns through the rice and serve.
46 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
Classic LasangeIngredients• 30 ml oil
• 1 ml large onion chopped
• 500 g minced meat
• 5 ml mixed dried herbs
• 110 g tomato paste
• 1 Can whole tomatoes chopped
• Salt and pepper to taste
• 250 g instant lasagne sheets
• Grated cheese to sprinkle
For Cheese Sauce:• 60 ml margarine
• 60 ml flour
• 625 ml milk
• 2.5 ml nutmeg
• Salt and pepper to taste
• 250 ml grated cheddar cheese
• 1 egg
Method1. Heat the oil and fry onion. Add the
minced meat, herbs, tomato paste
and tomatoes.
2. Stir well and cook slowly until meat
is cooked through (about 15 minutes).
3. Arrange the meat, pasta and cheese
sauce (see below) in alternate layers
in a greased baking dish.
4. Repeat until all ingredients are used
up, ending with a layer of cheese
sauce.
5. Allow to stand for about 1 hour be-
fore cooking.
6. Sprinkle a little cheese on top and
bake for 40 minutes in a hot oven
(200ºC).
Cheese Sauce: 1. Melt margarine, and then stir in the
flour. Gradually add the milk, stirring
until sauce thickens.
2. Add Nutmeg, cheese and season-
ing and allow to cool slightly. Stir in
beaten egg.
RESEPTERECIPES
Old Fashioned Chicken PieIngredients• 2 rolls puff pastry
• 6 chicken breasts (cubed and cooked)
• 1 can button mushroom
• 1 can corn kernel
• 200 grams feta cheese
• 100 grams margarine
• 2 packets mushroom soup
• 2 cups milk
• 2 cups cream
Method1. Prepare 1 roll puff pastry and lay into
large pie dish/pan.
2. Mix the mushrooms, whole corn, feta
cheese and chicken in a bowl.
3. Melt the margarine, and add the
mushroom soup and stir well until
dissolved.
4. Add milk and cream to the soup
mixture, and bring to the boil.
5. Remove from the heat.
6. Mix the sauce and the chicken
mixture together, and spoon into
prepared pie dishes.
7. Cover with the last roll of prepared
puff pastry.
8. Cook for 1 hour at 180ºC.
Tasty Bacon FrittataIngredients• 2 Tbls olive oil
• 1 onion finely chopped
• 1 cup of mixed peppers chopped
• 100 g bacon chopped
• 4 medium potatoes peeled, par
boiled and sliced
• 2 eggs lightly beaten
• A handful of parsley chopped, for
garnish.
LAEVELD Winter/Winter 2012 - 47
Watertand Werksweek
Method1. Heat a medium sized non-
stick frying pan. Add oil
and stir fry onions, peppers
and bacon for 5 min.
2. Stir through the sliced
potatoes, and eggs, then
flatten the surface with the
back of a wooden spoon.
3. Sprinkle over the cheese.
Turn down the heat &
allow to cook gently for 5
min.
4. Heat grill and place the
pan under the grill to melt
the cheese.
5. Allow to cool slightly be-
fore cutting into wedges.
Firstly you will need to sort your household goods into corrosive, toxic and reactive products and then ensure that you read the storage labels before decide to store them all in the same place.
Handy tips on storage and usage of household hazards• Identifying and sorting the products in your household is the first step to acting responsibly with chemicals and poten-tially harmful acids under your control.
• Practise a responsible storage regime. Store products that can be harmful or omit fumes in a well-ventilated area and ensure that lids are sealed. Store incom-patible products separately.
• Temperature control is important. Con-tainers for flammable products bulge if left in high temperatures, and liquid ma-terials expand if they freeze, causing the containers to burst.
• Keep all chemicals and cleaning con-tents in their original containers. This way you can always identify what it is, what the cautions are and how to use and store it. If you have to decant a hazardous product, practise safety first and ensure that it is stored in a clean container of exact packaging materials and label effectively with all the neces-sary warning indicators.
• Keep household cleaners and other haz-ardous goods out of reach, especially when you have inquisitive little ones around.
• Do not store your household hazards close to food sources, especially your pets’ food, as trace amounts of poisons or corrosive acids can potentially be life threatening to our animal friends.
• Use household products sparingly – it will not only save you money. Never pour pesticides or household chemicals down the drain, into the toilet or storm water drains, rivers or dams. As there are no facilities for the disposal of toxic or hazardous waste in South Africa, the best option is to dispose of them into your municipal rubbish bin.
• Experiment with safer alternatives; take a look at these household items: Baking soda cleans ovens, deodorises, softens water and is a good scourer for greasy surfaces and plates. Borax also cleans, deodorises, disinfects and softens water; it even repels cockroaches. Baby pow-der and ground cloves repel ants, and white vinegar can be used as a toilet and window cleaner. Mix it with a little baking soda and you have an effective drain cleaner. Essential oils (extracted from herbs) and fresh or dried herbs are excellent toilet fresheners.
48 - Winter/Winter 2012 LAEVELD
SAFETYHEALTH &
HAZARDS HOME@
POISON CENTRE TELEPHONE NUMBER: 0800 333 444. For advice on cases of human poisoning contact the
Poison Information Centre: Johannesburg 011 642 2417 or Bloemfontein 051 475 353 or Cape Town 021 689 5227
Laeveld AgrochemSitrus Simposium 2012
Vir die totale beskerming van jou sitrusoes
Saam boer ons vooruit!
Saam boer ons vooruit!
Lowveld Agrochem (LAC)Wth more than 80 agents and 30 depots based in the primary growing regions, LAC now 21 years in existence, has the strongest and most complete range of citrus crop protection chemical and bio-logical solutions as well as the best nutritional range of products in South Africa. Experienced and quali-fied agents assist you with monitoring, as well as nutritional and pest & disease programs, to achieve optimum packouts.
Symposium PartnersIn our display area you will find information and dem-onstrations from our Conference partners Agworld, Chempac and Madumbi Sustainable Agriculture.
Agworld have a complete software program (Data into Profit), which is ideally suited to helping the farmer and his supplier manage his programs and budgets.
Chempac are the leading supplier of monitoring aids, traps and pheromones into the South African agricultural market. The novel False Coddling Moth (FCM) mating disrupter, Checkmate will soon be the first FCM control option to have an aerial registration.
Madumbi boast the finest biological solutions avail-able to the RSA market. Together with their Swiss partner Andermatt, who are the world leaders in virus technology, they have offered the best virus-ses to the market. This is demonstrated by Cryptex which demonstrates superior formulation techno-logy, UV protection, shelf life and efficacy. This is proven by results,(the registration has been submit-ted) where Cryptex is sprayed without molasses.
Multinational and other partnersLAC has a proud assosciation with the world’s fore-most Multinational Agrochemical companies. We
are Syngenta’s, Bayer Crop Science and Dow Agri-cultural Science’s largest South African distributor in our region of operation. Additionally we boast a proud business partnership with other formidable companies such as Makteshim Agan, Villa Crop Pro-tection, Klub M5, Monsanto, Nufarm, Philagro, and H&R GSP who supplies our mineral oils.
Our nutritional range is made up of AgChem Africa’s excellent foliar feeds and is complimented by Met-son Manufacturings’ seaweed range.
Citrus Spray ProgramLAC is able to offer the most comprehensive citrus pest, disease and nutritional program to growers. This is backed up by outstanding service and techni-cal support.
Bayer Crop Science’s excellent insecticides are the basis of a successful program. Proven successes over the last few seasons with Movento and Confidor/Provado give growers confidence for the season. New research has shown synergy between these 2 different active ingredients whereby all sucking insects and mites are well controlled. Addition-ally thrip and mealybug populations are kept at low levels.
Dow Agricultural Science’s citrus chemicals allow a new approach in the flowering period, a light cover spray with Delegate which controls thrips and Boll-worm frees up spray machinery, allowing quicker completion of the spray cycles. This spray is gene-rally followed by a full cover spray with Dursban WG and Dithane which targets mealybug and black-spot but has good efficacy against other pests such as thrips. This new concept means one fewer full cover spray and significant savings as well as bet-ter timing against mealybug crawlers. Dursban WG is one of the few remaining organo phosphates
2
Citrus Symposium 2012
Lowveld Agrochem is proud to be involved again in the CRI’s Symposium in this our 21st year of existence. Once again we have demonstrated our support of the event and for the South African citrus industry, by our sponsorship. This is but a part of the role we have played over the years. We have supplied quality registered products for over 2 decades now which have afforded the South African citrus farmer peace of mind. For the first time we are Gold sponsors and we invite all symposium delegates to visit our display area where our product range may be viewed. We together with some of our important Supply partners would welcome the opportunity to discuss any citrus matters.
Lowveld Agrochem is proud to be involved again in the CRI’s Symposium in this our 21st year of existence.
Laeveld Agrochem strewe daarna om met uitstekende produkte en ken-nis maksimum winste vir sy kliënte te behaal. Laeveld Agrochem is in 1991 gestig, en die bestuurspan het gesamentlik reeds meer as 150 jaar ondervinding in die oesbeskermings-bedryf.
Laeveld Agrochem ondersteun die boerin elke stap van die boerdery en bied toegang tot ‘n formidabele chemiese arsenaal van onkruid- swam- en insekdoders, asook blaarvoedings-, grondverrykings- en biologiese produkte.
Laeveld Agrochem bestaan uit 31 volwaardige handelstakke wat strategies in die kern landbou-gebiede geleë is. Laeveld Agrochem is reeds 21 jaar aktief in landbou en ploeg ook baie terug in die gemeenskap. Hulle glo nie in kitsoplos-sings of kortpaaie nie en stap die hele pad saam met hulle kliënte, want langtermynverhoudings word gebou.
Hulle omvattende produkreeks stel kliënte in staat om die beste moontlike keuses te maak. Laeveld Agrochem het ‘n uitstekende logistieke netwerk wat verseker dat meeste produkte binne ‘n dag of twee by hulle kliënt kan wees.
Laeveld Agrochem glo dat hulle beste wapen, die uiters goed opgeleide en hoogs gekwalifiseerde oes-beskermings-spesialiste is, wat met hul ken-nis en raad ‘n oes se maksimum potentiaal kan verwesenlik.
Ons glo dat die onvoorwaardelike ondersteun-ing wat ons reeds vir 21 jaar van meeste van ons suksesvolle kliënte ontvang, is ‘n bewys is van die onmisbare waarde wat hulle aan ons dienste en produkte heg.
Beproef Laeveld Agrochem gerus, u verwagtinge sal oortref word.
Vind u naaste Laeveld Agrochem agent by www.laeveld.co.za of 012 998 5909
Vedien Agribonuspunte op alle produkte in hierdie boekie genoem en wat deur
Laeveld Agrochem aangekoop word
3
that allow the flexibility of spraying after 90% petal drop, (it has a 60 day witholding period for all markets).
Further thripicide options include Mesurol or Dicarsol and sugar as a bait spray, or Calypso, Rossi, Savage or Klartan. This in turn relieves some of the selection pressures that have been put on Abamectin in the program. Sanamectin or Biomectin can now be utilized in a responsible fashion allowing other chemistry, (especially Movento and Delegate), to take care of supposed resistant insects.
The blackspot program is completed by the choice of Flint or Ortiva with Dithane in the spraytank, allowing a 6 week spray interval.
Fruit size issues are adressed either by Corasil P which normally increases fruit sizes by one or two counts, or by the improvement of root health and growth stimulation with seaweed extracts such as Marinure or Ecklomax. Of importance is to ensure that a good crop is set by using Pro Gibb or Falgro. This makes the choice of Corasil P an obvious one as returns are in the region of 5 to 10:1 as a result of the increased yield and the number of desirable fruit class cartons for export.
The False Coddling moth program is made up of the extremely succesful combination of Cryptex and Checkmate. Feedback over a number of sea-sons from growers who have utilized the program show no rejections overseas and even reports of far less fallen fruit meaning easier sanitation.
There are no gaps in the LAC citrus range, budmite is well controlled by Mitigate and fruit-fly is taken care of by GF 120. We sell a range of rootcare products, the mainstay is Syngenta’s Ridomil Gold. We have many other product options which have not been mentioned in this short introduction.
Please feel welcome to come and discuss these combinations or other queries with us at our display area.
SincerelyThe Lowveld Agrochem team
produkte heg.
Beproef Laeveld Agrochem gerus,
Please feel welcome to come and discuss these combinations or other queries with us at our
Daar is verskeie faktore wat die bemarkbaar-heid van uitvoervrugte kan beïnvloed waarvan insekskade een van die belangrikste is. Heelwat plaagbeheermiddels is beskikbaar om verskeie insekprobleme aan te spreek, maar onoordeelkundige gebruik kan lei tot sekondêre pes uitbrake en onaanvaarbare residuvlakke wat die bemarkbaarheid van die vrugte kan beïnvloed. Die keuse van plaagmiddels moet so gekies word dat dit ’n minimale negatiewe impak op die bemark-baarheid van die vrugte het. Movento® (spirotetramat) is so ’n produk en word wêreld-wyd erken as ’n leier produk wat nie die bemark-baarheid van vrugte negatief beïnvloed nie.
Movento® bied die sitrusprodusent en uitvoer-der die geleentheid om ’n produk te gebruik met uitstekende dopluisbeheer (Fig 1) wat hoë gehalte opbrengste verseker. Verder het dit ‘n minimale impak op voordelige insekte (Fig 2). Aangesien Movento® tot die groep middels van die tetramiese sure behoort is dit die ideale produk om in ’n weerstandstrategie te gebruik indien weerstand vermoed word. Die toediening van Movento® kan enige tyd plaasvind sodra dopluiskruiperbeweging waargeneem word. Dit laat die gebruiker van Movento® toe om ’n pasmaak spuitprogram te beplan sonder enige addisionele trekker- beweging in die boord.
Uitstekende DopluisbeheerMOVENTO®
Verdien AgriBonuspunte op Movento deur Laeveld Agrochem gekoop
Die Suid-Afrikaanse sitrusbedryf is die tweede grootste uitvoerder van vars sitrus in die wêreld naas Spanje. Dit alleen is ’n merkwaardige prestasie aangesien Suid-Afrika maar die 14de plek in globale sitrusproduksie bekleë. ’n Totaal van 64 persent van alle sitrus in Suid- Afrika is bestem vir die uitvoermark, dus is die suksesvolle produksie van bemarkbare vrugte vir die uitvoermark van kardinale belang vir die Suid-Afrikaanse sitrusbedryf.
Figuur 1: Uitstekende beheer teen dopluis met Movento® met hoë infestasie dopluis
Figuur 2: Movento® - die omgewingsversoen-bare oplossing vir dopluisbeheer in sitrus
Omgewingsversoenbare oplossing
4
Movento® is ’n blaarbespuiting (Fig 3) wat be-stuur en gemak van ‘n spuitprogram bevorder. Die impak op die omgewing is ook minimaal deurdat daar minder aktief per ha toege- dien word as van die ander produkte wat teen dopluis gebruik word. Die toksologiese profiel van Movento® is van so ’n aard dat dit selfs goedgekeur is vir gebruik op vrugte/groente bestem vir babavoedsel in die VSA.
Die keuse van Movento® as ‘n besigheids- besluit is onder kommersiële boorde bewys gedurende die afgelope seisoen. Ter illustrasie hiervan is 2.63% beter uitpak verkry in die Movento® behandelings as in blokke met ‘n alternatiewe dopluisbeheerprogram (Fig 4). Die beter uitpak was nie alleen as gevolg van ’n verlaging in uitskot weens dopluisskade nie maar ook laer witluis- en blaaspootjieuitskotte.
Hierdie tendens kan moontlik toegeskryf word aan die verminderde impak wat Movento® het op voordelige insekte wat ’n rol speel in die biologiese beheer van die ander peste. Die Movento® program was ook R1000 per hektaar goedkoper waar die verskil tussen die twee programme toegeskryf kan word aan addisionele behandelings om sekondêre peste soos myte te beheer.
Die finansiële effek van die gebruik van Movento® kan met die volgende aannames bereken word:
Laeveld Agrochem bied die grootste reeks oesbeskermingsprodukte
Figuur 3: Movento® ‘n pasmaak toediening in bestaande spuitprogram
Figuur 4: Vergelyking in uitskot persentasies tussen Movento® en alternatiewe dopluisprogram
% verhoogde
uitpak
Ekstra uitvoer-
kartonne
Addisionele inkomste @ R50 / karton
1600 2.63 42 R 2 100
5
Aantaluitvoer-
kartonne per hektaar
Die gebruik van Movento® as dopluisbeheer-strategie het nie net ‘n hoër uitpak verseker nie maar was aan die einde van die seisoen ook koste-effektief.
Cobus Rabie van die plaas Goudmyn in die Robertson-vallei het dieselfde ondervind in ’n Clem-late boord waar daar ’n hoë voorkoms van dopluis, sitrusrooimyt en witluis was. Hy het besluit om vier blokke van 540 bome met verskillende programme te behandel en die effektiwiteit en koste van die programme te vergelyk. Aan die einde van die seisoen moes tussen 2 en 4 addisionele toedienings gedoen word vergeleke met die Movento® boorde. Die addisionele behandelings het die koste van die alternatiewe programme duurder gemaak as die van Movento®.
“Without a doubt, the Movento® application had the most successful result,” says Cobus.
“This chemical is strictly for the control of Red Scale but in addition it also controlled the big problem that we have with Citrus Red Mite (please note that the regitration for red mite is still pending) in that block very successfully and I did not have to spend time and money to follow up with further sprays for these pests. This had been like a new broom and has elimi-nated a range of pests simultaneously.”
Die getuigskrif is ‘n bewys dat Movento® nie net uitstekende beheer teen dopluis bied nie - dit bied die sitrusprodusent ‘n pasmaak produk met ‘n omgewingsversoen-bare oplossing met geen kruisweerstand teen bestaande chemie nie.
Kontak jou naaste Laeveld Agrochem agent vir meer inligting oor Movento®
en Dopluisbeheer.
Dopluis op boomstam Gesonde resultate
Movento® bevat Spirotetramat (Tetramiese suur) Reg. nr L8559, Wet Nr 36 van 1947
Movento® is ‘n handelsmerk van Bayer cropScience AG, Duitsland Bayer (Edms.) Bpk. Reg. no. 1968/011192/07
Posbus 143, Isando. Tel 011 9215252
Verdien AgriBonuspunte op Movento deur Laeveld Agrochem gekoop6
Laeveld Agrochem is die trotse verspreider van Bayer CropScience se puik reeks produkte 7
Laeveld Agrochem verseker gesonde oeste
Só kan lemoene gesond bly Kenner gee raad aan sitrusboere
Só kan lemoene gesond bly Kenner gee raad aan sitrusboere
Ben PretoriusOorspronklik gepubliseer in Beeld Landboufokus
“Ons kry ál meer siektes op ons sitrus. Siek-tes wat jare laas kop uitgesteek het, doen nou weer die ronde,” sê Lesar.
Volgens hom word goeie boordpraktyke nie meer gevolg nie en lyk dit boonop of die ver-keerde toediening van swamdoders veroor-saak dat swamme nou ’n weerstand teen dié middels opgebou het.
Die boer kan nie ‘siek’ lemoene pakhuis toe neem en dan verwag dat die pakhuis hulle sal regdokter nie. “Die pakhuis is nie ’n hospitaal vir siek lemoene nie,” sê Lesar.
’n Paar faktore veroorsaak ‘siek’ lemoene. Daar is byvoorbeeld steeds boere wat lemoene wat afgeval het, bloot opkerf en net so in die boord los. Lemoene moet uit die boord ver- wyder word, opgekerf en so gou as moontlik in die son gedroog word.
In die verlede is ’n spesiale span werkers as plukkers opgelei, maar deesdae, met ’n mini-mum loon in werking, word van huurarbeiders gebruik gemaak wat betaal word vir elke sak-kie wat hulle pluk.
Hulle hanteer nie die lemoene met genoeg sorg nie en die lemoene doen plukbeserings en kneusplekke op. Sodoende kry siektes soos die wondpatogene, blou- en groenskimmel en suurvrot asook die latente patogene soos antraknose ’n vatplek.
Boere word aangeraai om die kleurstof Indigo Carmine te gebruik om te kyk hoeveel bese-rings op hul vrugte is. Dooie takke moet ook uit bome gesny en dan uit die boorde verwyder word omdat antraknose en diplodia op dooie hout voorkom.
Ná goeie reën kan dit gebeur dat Phytophtho-ra of bruinvrot sy kop uitsteek. Dit word ver-oorsaak deur ’n patogeen wat in die grond bly. Reën tref die grond en spat op en die patogeen kry vatplek aan dié lemoene wat laag hang.
Onopgeleide werkers klim dan met besmette skoene in die bome en versprei die siekte só. Voorkomende spuitstowwe word aanbeveel. Lesar vertel van ’n boer in KwaZulu-Natal wat R30 miljoen se skade só opgedoen het.
Vrugte word in ‘n bad in gestort waar enige oorskot sand, blare en vuil afgewas is.
Boere dra dikwels die meeste skuld vir die siektes wat sitrusvrugte opdoen. Só sê mnr. Keith Lesar, ’n plantpatoloog van Citrus Research International (CRI). Van die meer as vyf miljoen kartonne sitrus wat per jaar uitgevoer is, is 1,5 miljoen afgekeur weens letsels of verrotting.
8
Die patogeen is veel meer vernietigend as blou- en groenskimmel en steek sy kop eers uit as die lemoene oorsee is.
Met ’n onopgeleide plukspan stuur boere ’n ‘smartie-boks’ van vrugte – met verskillende kleure in die rypwordstadium – na die pak-huis. Die gevolg is dat vrugte te lank in die ontgroeningskamer bly en dat dit nadelig is vir dié vrugte wat ryper is as die res. Suid-Afrika voer tussen 70 en 75 miljoen kar-tonne uit. Daar word verwag dat sitrusboere oor ’n paar jaar meer as 100 miljoen kartonne gaan uitvoer, sê Lesar.
Lemoene beweeg teen ’n geweldige tempo deur pakhuise en dit bring mee dat lemoene nie minstens 30 sekondes in die swamdoder-baddens lê nie. “Ons wil kwantiteit vir kwaliteit verruil,” sê Lesar.
Pakhuise behoort daagliks met ’n ontsmet-tingsmiddel ontsmet te word. Die uitskot-vrugte wat met swamdoder behandel is, mag nie in ’n krat eenkant in die pakhuis staan tot-dat die krat vol is voordat dit uit die pakhuis verwyder word nie.
Lesar meen ook dat ’n spesiale tenk langs die swamdoderbad geplaas moet word met ’n mengsel swamdoders van volle sterkte.
Die swamdoderbad verloor in die voerband-proses water en dit kan dan deur die tenk aan-gevul word.
Vrugte wat nie voldoen aan die standaarde nie word verwyder.
Vind u naaste Laeveld Agrochem agent by www.laeveld.co.za 9
Verdien AgriBonuspunte op alle produkte deur Laeveld Agrochem gekoop
‘n innoverende alternatief vir die beheer van valskodlingmot
Checkmate FCM-F is 'n Feromoonbevattende kapsule suspensie formulasie vir die beheer van valskodlingmot in sitrusboorde deur paringsontwrigting
Checkmate FCM-F
is ’n unieke vloeibare formulasie waarin geslagsferomoon van valskodling= mot in mikrokapsules voorkom.
is stabiel by kamertemperatuur vir 2 jaar. kan met enige standaard spruitapparaat toegedien
word maar afloop moet tot die minimum beperk word.
kan met meganiese vrugtevlieg lokaas toedieners toegedien word.
kan met vrugtevlieglokmiddels gemeng word. moet teen ’n minimum van 110 m per toediening
per ha toegedien word, afgesien van die tipe spuitapparaat wat gebruik word.
Moet toegedien word voor die eerste valskodlingmotvlugpiek en daarna elke 21 tot 28 dae opgevolg word.
is uiters doeltreffend onder lae valskodlingmotdruk maar behoort in hoëdruk situasies deel te vorm van ’n geïntegreerde beheerprogram.
moet gebruik word op ’n minimum area van 5 hektaar.
Feromoongevulde mikro kapsules
10
Sitrusprodusente se keusevir swartvlekbeheer
Produsente vir die sitrus-uitvoermark gebruik Ortiva, dié strobilurien vir swartvlekbeheer waar
streng fitosanitêre regulasiesoorkom moet word.
Ortiva® verleen buigbaarheid aan ‘n voorkomende spuitprogramomdat asoksistrobien oor unieke verspreidings eienskappe in die gasheer beskik. Drie-ledige beskerming met kontak, translaminêre en akropetaal-sistemiese aksies verseker langdurige werking.Buiten vir betroubare beheer van sitrusswartvlek, bied Ortiva® van die gunstigste maksimum residulimiete vir strobiluriene om meer gemoedsrus te verseker.
LEES DiE EtiKEt vir vOLLEDiGE BESONDErHEDEOrtiva® bevat asoksistrobien (Wet nr. 36 van 1947, Reg. nr. L5968). VERSIGTIG. Ortiva® is die geregistreerde handelsmerk van die Syngenta Groep Maatskappy.Syngenta Suid-Afrika (Edms) Beperk, Privaatsak X60, Halfway House, 1685. Tel. (011) 541 4000. www.syngenta.co.za© Syngenta Ag, 2000. Kopiereg van die dokument is voorbehou. Alle ongemagtigde vermeerdering word verbied.
Vind u naaste Laeveld Agrochem agent by www.laeveld.co.za
Verdien AgriBonuspunte op AgChem produkte deur Laeveld Agrochem gekoop
Na intensiewe navorsing op glifosaat is harde spuitwater as ‘n primêre knelpunt geïdenti-fiseer. Power-Up is ‘n vloeibare byvoegmid-del vir gebruik saam met glifosaat, wat ook spesifieke benatter/verspreiders, herbenat-tingsmiddels asook ‘n versuringsisteem bevat wat die halfleeftyd van glifosaat verleng en die optimale toestande daarstel vir effektiewe onkruidbeheer
Power-Up word gebruik om die negatiewe effek van die 2+ en 3+ metaal ione op die glifosaat te elimineer. Die ammoniumsulfaat dissosieer na ‘n positief gelaaide ioon- NH4+ en ‘n negatief gelaaide ioon- SO42- sodra dit in die water gegooi word. Die ammonium ione word dan aangetrek deur die negatiewe lading van die glifosaat molekuul. Die glifosaat molekuul het ‘n sterker aantrekking vir kalsium ione. Die sulfaat ioon bind met die kalsium ione en sal ‘n onoplosbare presipitaat vorm naamlik CaSO4.
Dit is dus belangrik dat die Power Up eerste in die spuitwater gegooi word om die waterkwaliteit te verbeter en te stabiliseer voordat die glifosaat bygevoeg word.
Hierdeur sal die sulfaat eerste met die metale bind en die ione inaktiveer en sodoende sal die ammonium met die glifosaat bind. Indien die regte dosis van Power-Up gebruik word, word genoegsame ammoniumsulfaat byge-voeg om die glifosaat molekuul te omring en te beskerm teen die metaal ione. Die sulfaat het egter beperkings deurdat sekere metaal
ione beter geblok word as ander. Kalsium reageer beter met sulfaat as bv yster. Swak sure soos glifosaat dissosieer gedeeltelik sodra dit in water gegooi word en gevolglik sal ‘n gedeelte van die onkruiddoder molekules dissosieer en die ander nie.
Die wat dan nie gedissosieer het nie word makliker deur die plante opgeneem. Gedis-sosieerde molekules het dan ‘n negatiewe lad-ing wat veroorsaak dat die molekuul met ander positiewe katione kan bind wat die opname daarvan kan benadeel of selfs bevoordeel. Power-Up bevat swaelsuur wat die versuring-saksie tot gevolg het.
Die hoë konsentrasie spesifieke benatters in Power-Up verseker nie alleen die kontak tus-sen glifosaat en die plantoppervlak nie, maar ook die kontak oppervlak vir optimale opname. Glifosaat se hoë soutindeks veroorsaak dat die gewone tipe benatters se benattingsaksie nie effektief is nie. Power-Up bevat die regte benatter wat die sout kan weerstaan en die kardinale benattingsaksie behou. Produkte kan slegs opgeneem word as dit in oplossing is.
Power Up: Die perfektebyvoegmiddel vir glifosaat!
Slegs Glifosaat
Gerhard Henning, Areabestuurder, AgChem Afrika
12
Verdien AgriBonuspunte op AgChem produkte deur Laeveld Agrochem gekoop
Glifosaat plus Power-Up SL
Die effektiwiteit van glifosaat word grootliks toegeskryf aan die suksesvolle opname daar-van. Dit is belangrik om die druppel so lank as moontlik nat te hou op die blaar vir optimale opname. Power-Up bevat herbenattingsmid-dels wat die druppel langer nat hou. Indien die druppel uitdroog sal dit tydens periodes van hoë lugvogtigheid weer herbenat en verdere opname verseker.
Deur Power-Up by die spuitmengsel te voeg word die beskikbare hoeveelheid glifosaat wat opgeneem en getranslokeer word binne die plant verhoog. Die werking van die produk word verbeter en moontlike hergroei van die onkruid dramaties verminder. Power-Up het ‘n voordelige of neutrale uitwerking op die effektiwiteit, opneembaarheid en translokasie van glifosaat. Teen aanbevole dosisse sal dit die werking van glifosaat verhoog.
Vind u naaste Laeveld Agrochem agent by www.laeveld.co.za 13
Verdien AgriBonuspunte op alle produkte deur Laeveld Agrochem gekoop14
Vind u naaste Laeveld Agrochem agent by www.laeveld.co.za 15
Word deel van Laeveld Agrochem se wenspan
Clementines and navel oranges from South Africa arrived during June at the Gloucester Terminal in Gloucester City, NJ, on the refriger-ated vessel, Iberian Reefer, with 2,621 pallets of citrus comprised of 1,096 pallets of clemen-tines and 1,525 pallets of Navel oranges. The fruit will be distributed to supermarkets and other retail stores across the United States.
The ship’s arrival marked the official beginning of the 13th season of shipments of South Af-rican Summer Citrus to the U.S. The program began in 1999 with 50 tons and last year, ex-ports to the U.S. exceeded 41,000 tons. A ves-sel with citrus from South Africa arrives in the U.S. every 10-12 days to assure best quality fruit is fresh and available in the market place.Growers expect consumers will be especially pleased with the taste, texture and overall eat-
ing quality of this season’s crop. There is a very large quantity of citrus on the trees and weath-er and growing conditions have been ideal to increase the fruit’s brix or sweetness levels. Cooler weather has turned the fruit a brilliant orange colour that appeals to consumers.
“We expect to see continued growth in our exports to meet the increasing U.S. demand for our excellent quality of citrus products,” said Suhanra Conradie, CEO of the Western Cape Citrus Producers Forum (WCCPF) “Cle-mentines comprise the larger percentage of early season shipments, followed by Navel Cara Cara, and Midknight oranges. A small quantity of Star Ruby grapefruit also will ship to the U.S.” South African Citrus will continue through October with an expected +/- 46,000 tons expected this season. The WCCPF is a consortium of 350 growers approved to export their citrus to the U.S.
With a keen awareness of U.S. consumers’ de-mand for safe, healthy food choices, the citrus is inspected multiple times. It is inspected at the pack houses in South Africa, inspected in Cape Town prior to loading onto the vessel, and again on arrival in the U.S. “Because our fruit is maintained at cold temperatures close to - 0.55° C or 33°F during shipment, it does not require chemical fumigation on arrival as does citrus from other southern hemisphere coun-tries,” said Ms. Conradie. “This cold shipment extends the shelf life of the fruit and further and more importantly, avoids the need to ap-ply unnecessary chemicals to the fruit.”
Increasing demand forSA citrus in the USA
Citrus at market
Export Industry
Consumer demand for South African summer citrus has been increasing as the citrus is recognised as a sweet, delicious and nutritious staple to the summer menus and meals.
16
During May, a small number of pallets arrived on container vessels carrying mostly Clemen-tines and a few pallets of navel oranges. The container vessels are intended to meet the growing early season demand for South Afri-can citrus. “The fruit takes times to ripen and achieve the high level of sweetness U.S. con-sumers prefer. Only small amounts of fruit are available and are shipped early in the season on containers,” said Ms. Conradie.
The marketing initiatives of South African summer citrus have continued to increase. This season an increase of in-store promotions that include grower visits are planned, new recipes have been created and include both standard, vegetarian and vegan options. The WCCPF’s relationship with Youth Soccer has expanded with participation at various regional and national tournaments across the U.S., and the creation of the first Summer Citrus Soccer Star Award is to be presented to Youth Soccer select players.
South African citrus sold in the United States comes primarily from the region near Citrusdal about two hours northwest of Cape Town, the Northern Cape near Kimberly, and the north-west along the Orange River, near Upington.
Next to Spain, South Africa is the second larg-est exporter of citrus in the world, producing 60% of all citrus fruits grown in the Southern Hemisphere. Other than the United States, South Africa’s primary export markets include the European Union, Far East, Middle East, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the rest of Africa.
The WCCPF facilitates logistical, marketing and sales support coordination of products for its members. Its mission is to maintain and expand its role as the preferred supplier in the U.S. and throughout the world, and continue to be a reliable supplier of safe summer citrus for the U.S. and all global markets.
Vind u naaste Laeveld Agrochem agent by www.laeveld.co.za 17
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Bolldex - A nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) SC formulation for the biological reduction of African bollworm (ABW) Helicoverpa armigera larvae.
Eco-Bb - unique, easy to use oil formulation Beauveria bassiana for control of a wide range of insect pests.
AgriSil - Liquid Silica specially formulated for agricultural use. Silica is known to assist with tolerance to pests, disease and a variety of environmental stress factors and should form an integral part of any IPM program.
Cryptex -An advanced granulovirus for the biological reduction of False Codling Moth larvae (FCM) Cryptophlebia leucotreta. The market leader in virus control the only FCM virus product registered for application without the aid of feeding stimulants.
The No. 1 Virus for FCM Control
Solutions for building a healthy root system.A healthy, biologically active root zone is vitally important for a healthy plant. Eco-T - Trichoderma harzianum, a powerful beneficial micro-organism that will establish a symbiotic relationship with root systems providing protection and stimulating healthy root growth. An investment for the life of you crop. RhizoVitalHighly concentrated liquid formulation of the beneficial bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for the development and maintenance of healthy root systems with an improved tolerance to stess and disease.
tel. 086 104 2527 www.madumbi.co.za fax. 086 616 2527
Verdien AgriBonuspunte op alle produkte deur Laeveld Agrochem gekoop18
Laeveld Agrochem is die trotse verspreider van Madumbi se puik reeks biologiese produkte 19
More cultivated land in environmentally hos-pitable climates plus society’s passion for the foods, drinks and medicinal properties found under the colourful skin of citrus fruit make this a viable enterprise for anyone wishing to grow a new business. Although the industry offers many opportunities it is not without its constraints.
Opportunities:
• The industry is not highly competitive between provinces, since each province has specific citrus that can be grown in that area due to land and climatic conditions.
• There are barriers to entry, for other provinces attempting to infiltrate the citrus market, which is exclusively grown in Cacadu.• Research activities are underway to improve fruit sizes that comply with all regulations.• By increasing the water transferred from the Orange River; the Sunday’s River catchment areas provide further oppo- tunities for citrus production and other high value horticultural production (vegetables, flowers and exotic fruit).• The climate within the CDM is advant- geous as it permits growers to diversify their range of products and hence increase the length of their picking season.• Investors or new citrus producers have the advantage of being able to access the SRCC’s three pack-houses which are certified according to a well-recognized global food standard (BRC – Global Food Standard, HACCP, etc.). • Access to the SRCC Technical Department, which has been closely involved with various disease prediction modules, enabling them to make scientific decisions about spraying methods and timing schedules.• Organic farming methods or niche citrus markets.
Citrus Farming: The Constraints and Opportunities
Northern Cape province orange orchard in the Vaalharts Irrigation Scheme region
New Business Development
A world without oranges, lemons, limes and grapefruit would be unthinkable. That is exactly why world citrus production continues to grow, averaging more than 100 tons every year. Citrus is a major international commercial fruit crop that is widely consumed both as fresh fruit or juice on a global scale. Its worldwide demand is attributed to its high Vitamin C and antioxidant content.
Citrus Farming: The Constraints
Laeveld Agrochem se kennis en kundigheid verseker kwaliteit20
Key constraints:
• The intensive nature of citrus farming is in some instances resulting in the destruction of many natural ecological processes.• In order to tap into the international market, there are strict entry level quality standards to meet before the exporting process can begin.• Capital costs are significant; however the profit gained is substantial once production is started.• The production and maturing of the fruit takes several years, therefore it is not an immediate process.• Fruit sizes have been decreasing as a result of climatic changes experienced over the last two years as well as a lack of maint- nance and care of trees.
Success factorsTree spacingTree spacing has a direct impact on produc-tion (tons/ha), orchards with a 660 per hectare or more can be classified as high-density spacing, while anything less than that is classified as conventional spacing.
Tree ageTree age plays a vital role in determining the value of a farm, most cultivars start to bear in year three, although in hotter climates it can be earlier and in colder climates a year later. Lemons also start a year earlier because of the fruit’s vigorous growth habit. The lifespan of citrus trees varies for different cultivar varieties.
Soil requirementsSoil preparation is essential to optimize citrus production, therefore the ideal chemical soil requirements are:• 15% - 25% clay percentage (above 30% is marginal)• The pH (H2O) should be between 6,5 and 7,5• No salts in the top 50 cm
Vind u naaste Laeveld Agrochem agent by www.laeveld.co.za 21
DICARZOL het die vinnigste uitklop-aksie van al die geregistreerde produkte teen blaaspootjie. Blaaspootjies raak onaktief binne enkele ure na toediening en voed nie meer nie. DICARZOL is dus die produk wat by uitstek geskik is om ’n hoë besmetting van blaaspootjie blitsvinnig onder beheer te bring.
DICARZOL het van die langste nawerking van al die produkte geregistreer vir die be-heer van blaaspootjie. Tipiese lengte van beheer wat verkry word is 4 – 6 weke. Dit gee aanleiding tot die feit dat DICARZOL die laagste prys per week van beheer bied as enige van die kompeterende produkte. Ander geregistreerde produkte kos tussen 32% en 300% meer per week van beheer, alhoewel die prys van die kompeterende produkte per 100 liter water op die oog af laer is as die van DICARZOL.
DICARZOL bied ’n lae risiko van bestand-heid. Die rede hiervoor is die feit dat dit ’n dubbele meganisme van werking het. Dit beteken dat die formetanaat molekule in werklikheid twee verskillende meganismes van werking bied: Een as karbamaat en die ander as formamidien. Indien blaaspootjies bestand sou raak teen die een meganisme van werking, bly die ander meganisme nogsteeds doeltreffend. Dit word in die vol-gende diagram geillustreer:
AS KARBAMAAT:
Karbamate word geklassifiseer onder IRAC insekdoder groepkode 1a. Dit inhibeer cholinesterase en vergiftig dus die sentrale senustelsel.
AS FORMAMIDIEN:
Formamidien word geklassifiseer onder IRAC insekdoder groepkode 19. Dit inhi-beer die ensiem mono-amien oksidase, die neurotransmitters norepinephrien en serotonien word aangeval en blaaspootjie word onaktief en gaan dood.
Karbamaatbestande insekte word 100% beheer deur Formamidien en vice versa. DICARZOL is beskikbaar in ’n maklik- vernietigbare verpakking. Geen plastiek word in die verpakking gebruik nie.
DICARZOL® word reeds vir baie jare as die standaard produk beskou deur sitrusboere vir die beheer van blaaspootjie en wel om die volgende redes.
DICARZOL®DICARZOL® vir die beheer van blaaspootjie in sitrus.
Posisie van karbamaat aktiwiteit
CH3NH–C–O–N=CHN(CH3)2=O
® Geregistreerde handelsmerk van Gowan Comercio Internacionale Servicos Limitada Reg. Nr. L 4685 (Wet Nr. 36 van 1947) *Aktiewe bestanddeel: Formetanaat (karbamaat)
CH3NH–C–O–N=CHN(CH3)2=O
Posisie van formamidien aktiwitiet
Laeveld Agrochem se kennis en kundigheid verseker kwaliteit22
As sitrusboer het jy meer as genoeg uitdagings, soos die weer, wat heeltemal buite jou beheer is. Moet dus nie vir jouself nog onnodige probleme en bekommernisse skep met sake waaroor jy wel beheer het nie.
Gebruik die bekende hansdelsmerke wat jy ken en vertrou, en wat hul doeltreffendheid deur en deur oor die jare bewys het. Goedkoop oplossings het produsente vanjaar baie geld gekos.
Moenie met jouoes dobbel nie!
Jy het hard gewerk en baie insetkostes gehad, maak nou met slim keuses seker jy behaal die maksimum oes, en die beste moontlike kwaliteit uitvoergewas. Gebruik Bayer Crop-Science se Confidor 70 WG.
Confidor word al 19 jaar lank suksesvol deur Laeveld Agrochem bemark. Vir totale gemoedsrus gebruik Confidor, die noodsaaklike en betroubare produk vir alle sitrus uitvoerders.
Gebruik Confidor 70 WG*
Uitverkoop vir 2010
Weer beskikbaar in 2013
Vind u naaste Laeveld Agrochem agent by www.laeveld.co.za 23
Bayer (Edms.) Bpk. Reg. no. 1968/011192/07Posbus 143, Isando. Tel 011 9215252
* Aktiewe bestandeel ImidaclopridRegistrasie Nr. L7240 (Wet Nr. 36 van 1947)
Waterkwaliteit in plaagbeheer
Laeveld Agrochem se kennis en kundigheid verseker kwaliteit
“Die water wat in die spuittenk gebruik word dien hoofsaaklik as draer van plaagdoders wat op gewasse gespuit word. Die kwaliteit van hierdie spuitwater is bo alle twyfel grootliks verantwoordelik vir die doeltreffendheid van die plaagdoder wat toegedien word,” sê mnr. Hennie du Plessis van Ag-Chem Africa.
Hoewel meeste vervaardigers van plaagdo-ders daarteen waarsku dat water van swak gehalte nie gebruik moet word nie, plaas som-mige produsente dikwels die blaam op die plaagdoders indien die werking daarvan nie na wense is nie.
Wanneer daar van watergehalte of kwaliteit gepraat word, word daar normaalweg na die fisiese en chemiese gehalte daarvan verwys.
Die fisiese gehalte van water word beïnvloed deur die teenwoordigheid van troebelheid, alge, organiese materiaal en slik. Met che-miese gehalte word daar onder meer verwys na water se suurheidsgraad (pH) en konsen-trasie opgeloste soute daarin , wat weer na die hardheid en alkaliniteit verwys.
Baie produkte se werking word nadelig deur die fisiese gehalte van die spuitwater beïn-vloed. Die aktiewe bestanddeel glifosaat dien as sprekende voorbeeld hiervan. Wat die spuit-water se chemiese gehalte betref, is dit so dat die meerderheid van plaagdoders se doeltref-fendheid daardeur beïnvloed word.
In hierdie opsig is dit hoofsaaklik weens die pH en opgeloste soute in die spuitwater, sê hy.Die doeltreffendheid van die meeste plaag-doders is optimaal by ʼn spuitwater pH van ongeveer 5. Daar is egter produkte wat ʼn laer pH van byvoorbeeld 3 verkies, terwyl ander ten beste in spuitwater met ʼn neutrale pH van 7 presteer.
Wanneer ʼn plaagdoder in ʼn spuittenk met water gevoeg word, en die pH van die water is te hoog of te laag, vind hidroliese (afbraak) van die aktiewe bestanddeel in die plaagdoder plaas. Dit beteken dat die aktiewe bestand-deel chemies begin verander, en nie meer die-selfde as die oorspronklike aktiewe bestand-deel is nie. Die tempo van hierdie proses is ʼn
Een van die belangrikste aspekte by plaagbeheer is dat die effektiwiteit van ‘n plaagdoder hoofsaaklik bepaal word deur die gehalte of kwaltiteit van spuitwater.
Waterkwaliteit in plaagbeheer
24
Vind u naaste Laeveld Agrochem agent by www.laeveld.co.za 25
direkte gevolg van die water se pH en hidrolise kan dus die plaagdoder se doeltreffendheid verminder of die werking daarvan selfs in ge-heel inaktiveer. So kan weerstandbiedendheid van insekte, swamme, bakterieë of onkruide onstaan.
ʼn Groot aantal aktiewe bestanddele is ook baie sensitief vir die teenwoordigheid van opgeloste soute in spuitwater. Plaagdo- ders wat in sout vorm geformuleer is, is meer sensitief vir opgeloste soute in spuitwater. Opgeloste soute kan met die aktiewe bestand-deel reageer sodat dit hetsy aktiwiteit ver-loor of onoplosbaar raak of nie deur die plant geabsorbeer word nie. Hierdie verskyn-sels staan as sout antagonisme teenoor die plaagdoder bekend.
Die konsentrasie opgeloste soute in spuitwa-ter word uitgedruk in mg/ℓ en kan onder meer met ʼn elektriese geleidingsmeter (EC meter) bepaal word. Hoe meer opgeloste soute in die spuitwater is, hoe hoër is die EC, en gevolglik meer nadelig is dit teenoor die aktiewe be-standdeel in die plaagdoder.
Met die beskikbaarheid van die produk Aqua-Right is dit egter vir produsente moontlik om die gehalte van spuitwater nommerpas reg te stel sodat hidrolise óf soutantagonisme nie langer ’n probleem hoef te wees nie. Daar is drie weergawes in die produkreeks wat spuit-water respektiewelik by pH 3, 5 en 7 buffer. Hierdie voorafgekose pH word behou en ver-ander nie wanneer plaagdoders by die spuit-water gevoeg word nie.
Die produkte bevat ook sekwestreringsmid-dels wat skadelike opgeloste soute in die spuitwater onaktief maak, terwyl dit as bonus, benatters en herbenatters bevat wat blaarbe-dekking verbeter en dus opname van die plaagdoder bevorder.
“Die gebruik van die Aqua-Right produkreeks is maklik en bevorder die doeltreffendeheid van plaagdoders se werking om sodoende insetkoste te verlaag en gewasproduksie te bevorder,” aldus Du Plessis.
Laeveld Agrochem se kennis en kundigheid verseker kwaliteit26
Laeveld Agrochem is die trotse verspreider van DowAgrcoSciences se produkte 27
Laeveld Agrochem se kennis en kundigheid verseker kwaliteit
Voedingstekortsimptome by sitrus AgChem Africa & Laeveld Agrochem
STIKSTOF (N)• Simptomeeersteopoudsteblare.• Egaligevergelingvanblare en later oor hele boom.
Figuur 1. N tekort by sitrus. Gesonde blaar links bo.
Figuur 2. Verskillende grade van N-tekort by sitrus. Gesonde blaar links.
Regstelling:• Basiesebemestingregkry.• BlaarvoedmetVoemaVegetative NT of lae biuret ureum.• IndienKaliumlaag,blaarvoedmet Voema Flower & Fruit NT.
INLEIDING
‘n Verskeidenheid van voedingstekorte kom by sitrus voor. Visuele voedings- tekortsimptome van beide makro- en mikro-elemente is al regoor Suid Afrika in sitrus produserende gebiede waar- geneem.
Hierdie tekorte word gewoonlik uitgeken as kenmerkende simptome op die blare, vrugte of takke van sitrus.
Visuele simptoomidentifikasie word reeds in verskeie lande gebruik om voedings-tekorte uit te ken en op te hef deur toe-diening van enkel element-produkte, hetsy deur blaarvoeding of grondtoe- diening. Hier volg van die belangrikste tekortsimptome.
MAKRO-ELEMENTE
28
KALIUM (K)• Simptomekomvooropblareen by vrugte. • Blaarsimptomeisgewoonlik‘n vergeling of verbronsing vanaf die blaarrande. Met volgehoue tekorte verbruin die letsels (nekrose) en lyk soms soos chemiese brand.
Figuur 3. K tekortsimptome in die begin stadium.
Figuur 4: Vruggrootte negatief beinvloed deur K-tekorte (normale vrug links).
Regstelling:• Basiesebemestingregkry.• BlaarvoedmetOnlyK,GlucoK
of Voema Flower & Fruit NT.
Verdien Agribonuspunte op alle AgChem produkte deur Laeveld Agrochem gekoop
Voedingstekortsimptome by sitrus
MAGNESIUM (Mg)• Simptomekomeerstevoorop volwasse blare naaste aan vrugte.• Ditlykdansoos‘nomgekeerde “V” vanaf die blaarsteel en is ken - merkend van Mg tekort. (Fig. 5).
Figuur 5: Mg-tekortsimptome op sitrusblare. Let op die “V” vorm van vergeling, met die groen basis.
Regstelling:• Krybasiesebemestingreg• BlaarvoedmetMag-Pro,GlucoMag of met Ultra Mag
29
MIKRO-ELEMENTE
Laeveld Agrochem bied die grootste reeks oes-beskermingsprodukte vir sitrus30
YSTER (Fe)• Fe–tekortekombaiealgemeenvoor in sitrusproduserende gebiede.• Simptomeopblareis‘nvergelingvan die blaar met duidelike groen hoof- en synerwe (tussen-nerf-chlorose).• Hierdiesimptomekomhoofsaaklik op jong groei voor, maar kan in ernstige gevalle ook op ouer blare waargeneem word.• Komgewoonlikvooropalkaliese gronde (pH >7).
Figuur 6: Fe-tekortsimptome op sitrusblare.
Regstelling:• Krybasiesebemestingreg,ook grond pH• BlaarvoedmetIron-Pro,FeEDTA, of met Fe EDDHA
SINK (Zn)• Zn-tekortelykbaiesoosdiévanFe, deurdat jong blare vergeel en die hoof- en synerwe groen bly (Fig. 7a)• Zn-tekortekomgewoonlikvoorop jong blare. Blare bly gewoonlik klein (Fig. 7b).• Internodesopnuwegroeiverkort.• Abnormaleseldelingindievrugskil kan “duikvlekke” of “rind pitting”, olieselbeskadiging en selfs kraakskil teweegbring.
Figuur 7a:Tussen-nerf-vergeling van Zn-tekorte op sitrus.
Figuur 7b:Klein blare met tussen-nerf vergeling wat tipies is van Zn-tekorte op sitrus.
Regstelling:Basiese bemesting regkry, asook pH •van die grondBlaarvoed met Zinc-Pro, of Zn EDTA•Fotos geneem deur:
H.du Plessis, C. van Ginkel & E. de Beer.
MANGAAN (Mn)• SoosbyFe-enZn-tekorteword Mn-tekorte gekenmerk deur tussen- nerf-vergeling van jong blare. • Tekortsimptomevanhierdiedrie elemente kan dus maklik met mekaar verwar word.• Indiebeginstadiumkomditvoor as ‘n groen “mottling” (Fig. 8a).• Mn-tekortissoms‘naanduiding van ’n lae grondtemperature en/of versuiptoestande.
Figuur 8: Tussen-nerf-chlorose met groen nerwe agv Mn-tekort. (a). Beginstadium
en (b) volgehoue tekort.
Regstelling:•Basiesebemestingregkry,asook pH van die grond•BlaarvoedmetMan-Proofmet Mn-EDTA
KOPER (Cu)• Inteenstellingmetmeesteander mikro-elemente word Cu tekort- simptome nie met vergeling van blare (chlorose) geassosieer nie. Inteen- deel, blare vertoon abnormaal groot en gesond met ‘n normale kleur (Fig. 9)• Takkiesenlotegeneigom“S”–vormig te groei.
Figuur 9: Abnormale groot blaar agv Cu-tekort by sitrus.
Regstelling:• Basiesebemestingregkry,asook pH van grond• BlaarvoedmetCop-Proofmet Cu- EDTA
Verdien Agribonuspunte op alle AgChem produkte deur Laeveld Agrochem gekoop 31
Date: 14 August 2009
Evaluate the effect of Marinure® DS / Trace applied as a foliar application or soil drench, on yield and fruit size, in an estab-lished citrus orchard.
AimTo evaluate the effect of Marinure® DS / Trace applied as a foliar application or soil drench, three-times before harvest, on yield and fruit size, in an established citrus orchard.
Material and Methods of evaluation
The trial was conducted in the Letsitele area, Limpopo province, on cultivar Va-lencia in a commercial citrus orchard. Marinure® DS / Trace was applied as a medium to full cover spray (5000 l / ha) with a commercial citrus sprayer or as a soil drench, at fruit set followed by two
To evaluate the effect of Marinure® DS / Trace applied as a foliar applica-tion or soil drench, 3-times before harvest, on yield and fruit size, in an established citrus orchard.
Louis Pieter van JaarsveldLouis Pieter van Jaarsveld
Evaluation Report on Marinure® DS
2
2
Material and Methods of evaluation
The trial was conducted in the Letsitele area, Limpopo province, on cultivar Valencia in a commercial citrus orchard. Marinure® DS / Trace was applied as a medium to full cover spray (5000 ℓ / ha) with a commercial citrus sprayer or as a soil drench, at fruit set followed by two more applications at two week intervals. A replicate consisted of three row blocks, with ten trees per row, and replicated three times in a randomised block design. Data was collected at harvest on four randomly selected data trees per replicates, a total of 12 data trees per treatment. Treatment, application dates and dosages are depicted in Table 1.
Table 1. Treatments and dosages applied on citrus in a commercial orchard in the Letsitele area.
Treatmentnumber
Treatmentdescription
Application dates ApplicationMethod
Dosage(ℓ / ha)
1 Marinure DS 17th of Nov, 26th of Nov and 16th of Dec 2008 Soil drench 1
2 Marinure DS 17th of Nov, 26th of Nov and 16th of Dec 2008 Soil drench 1
2 MarinureTrace
6th of Jan , 16th of Jan and 28th of Jan 2009 Foliar spray 6
3 Untreatedcontrol - - -
* Nov = November, Dec = December, Jan = January
The effect of treatments on yield was determined at harvest by striping the four data trees for each of the 3 replicates per program on the 3rd of August 2009. Yield was determined for each program by weighing fruit from each data tree separately. A representative sub-sample was taken, consisting of approximately 20 kg fruit for each of the 12 data trees per treatment, pooled, and then sized with a commercial “rope-and-roller” sizer at Bosveld Citrus packhouse to determine the effect on fruit size.
Analysis of variance was done on the yield and fruit size distribution of the Valencia fruit. Differences between means were determined with the LSD test at a 5% level of significance, using Statistica 8.0 by Statsoft.
Applications by: Willem van de PypenkampEvaluation and reporting by: Louis Pieter van JaarsveldClient: Sunlab Site: Bosveld Sitrus, Letsitele, Limpopo Province, South AfricaCrop: ValenciaDate: Oct 2008 to August 2009
Laeveld Agrochem se kennis en kundigheid verseker kwaliteit32
3
3
ResultsYield results and fruit sizes of each treatment are depicted in Table 2 and 3 and Figure 1 and 2.
Table 2. Average fruit size distribution in percentage Fruit size distribution in percentage Treatment
125 105 88 72 64 56 48 40 1 Marinure
DS 0.16
4.51 a
5.24 26.95 a
19.04 16.10 17.36 b
10.59 b
2 Marinure DS /Trace
0.68 10.14 ab
9.66 42.06 b
18.49 12.26 6.04 a
0.53 a
3 Control 0.44 10.98 b
10.10 36.13 ab
18.21 12.63 9.18 ab
1.26 a
*Percentages in the same column followed by different alphabetical letter differ significantly. No alphabetical letter in the same column indicates no significant differences.
Figure 1. Average fruit size distribution in percentage
Table 3. Mean weight of fruit per tree Treatment Weight per tree (kg)
1 Marinure DS 190.7 ab 2 Marinure DS / Trace 207.1 a 3 Control 186.8 b *Mean yield per tree followed by different alphabetical letter indicates significant differences.
more applications at two week intervals. A replicate consisted of three row blocks, with ten trees per row, and replicated three times in a randomised block design. Data was collected at harvest on four ran-domly selected data trees per replicates, a total of 12 data trees per treatment. Treat-ment, application dates and dosages are depicted in Table 1.
The effect of treatments on yield was de-termined at harvest by striping the four
data trees for each of the three replicates per program on the 3rd of August 2009. Yield was determined for each program by weighing fruit from each data tree separately. A representative sub-sample was taken, consisting of approximately 20 kg fruit for each of the 12 data trees per treatment, pooled, and then sized with a commercial “rope-and-roller” sizer at Bosveld Citrus packhouse to determine the effect on fruit size.
3
3
ResultsYield results and fruit sizes of each treatment are depicted in Table 2 and 3 and Figure 1 and 2.
Table 2. Average fruit size distribution in percentage Fruit size distribution in percentage Treatment
125 105 88 72 64 56 48 40 1 Marinure
DS 0.16
4.51 a
5.24 26.95 a
19.04 16.10 17.36 b
10.59 b
2 Marinure DS /Trace
0.68 10.14 ab
9.66 42.06 b
18.49 12.26 6.04 a
0.53 a
3 Control 0.44 10.98 b
10.10 36.13 ab
18.21 12.63 9.18 ab
1.26 a
*Percentages in the same column followed by different alphabetical letter differ significantly. No alphabetical letter in the same column indicates no significant differences.
Figure 1. Average fruit size distribution in percentage
Table 3. Mean weight of fruit per tree Treatment Weight per tree (kg)
1 Marinure DS 190.7 ab 2 Marinure DS / Trace 207.1 a 3 Control 186.8 b *Mean yield per tree followed by different alphabetical letter indicates significant differences.
PO Box 416, Letsitele, 0885 ● Tel (015) 345-1227 ● Fax (015) 345 1840 ● E-Mail: [email protected]
QMS Reference: 09QR29 Client Reference: Izak
Date: 14 August 2009
Evaluate the effect of Marinure® DS / Trace applied as a foliar application or soil drench, on yield and fruit size, in an established citrus orchard.
Applications by: Willem van de Pypenkamp
Evaluation and reporting by: Louis Pieter van Jaarsveld
Client: Sunlab
Site: Bosveld Sitrus, Letsitele, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Crop: Valencia
Date: Oct 2008 to August 2009
AimTo evaluate the effect of Marinure® DS / Trace applied as a foliar application or soil drench, 3-times before harvest, on yield and fruit size, in an established citrus orchard.
Earn Agribonuspoints on all Marinure Ds purchaces from Lowveld Agrochem 33
Analysis of variance was done on the yield and fruit size distribution of the Valencia fruit. Differences between means were determined with the LSD test at a 5% level of significance, using Statistica 8.0 by Statsoft.
ResultsYield results and fruit sizes of each treat-ment are depicted in Table 2 and 3 and Figure 1 and 2.
3
3
ResultsYield results and fruit sizes of each treatment are depicted in Table 2 and 3 and Figure 1 and 2.
Table 2. Average fruit size distribution in percentage Fruit size distribution in percentage Treatment
125 105 88 72 64 56 48 40 1 Marinure
DS 0.16
4.51 a
5.24 26.95 a
19.04 16.10 17.36 b
10.59 b
2 Marinure DS /Trace
0.68 10.14 ab
9.66 42.06 b
18.49 12.26 6.04 a
0.53 a
3 Control 0.44 10.98 b
10.10 36.13 ab
18.21 12.63 9.18 ab
1.26 a
*Percentages in the same column followed by different alphabetical letter differ significantly. No alphabetical letter in the same column indicates no significant differences.
Figure 1. Average fruit size distribution in percentage
Table 3. Mean weight of fruit per tree Treatment Weight per tree (kg)
1 Marinure DS 190.7 ab 2 Marinure DS / Trace 207.1 a 3 Control 186.8 b *Mean yield per tree followed by different alphabetical letter indicates significant differences.
Evaluation Report on Marinure® DS
The Marinure DS and Marinure Trace treatment combination yielded the best average fruit weight per tree (207.1 kg), which was statistically better than the un-treated control (186.8 kg). The weights of fruit in the Marinure DS treatment (190.7 kg) were also more than the weight in the control treatment, but not statistically so (Table 3 & Figure 2).
Statistically there were significant dif-ferences in the fruit size distribution of sizes 105, 72, 48 and 40. The Marinure DS treatment had a lower percen-tage of smaller harvested fruit (size 105) and a greater percentage of larger harvested fruit (size 48 and 40) compared to the untreated control’s and Marinure DS/Trace treatments fruit size distribution.
The Marinure DS treatment had statisti-cally more fruit in the 48 (17.36%) and 40 (10.59%) size than any of the other two treatments (Marinure DS/Trace, 6.04% and 0.53 %; untreated control 9.18 % and 1.26%)(Table 2 & Figure 1).
DiscussionThe Marinure DS and Marinure Trace treatment combination increased the av-erage fruit weight per tree. The Marinure DS treatment increased the average size of the fruit on the trees.
Evaluation Report on Marinure® DS Evaluation Report on Marinure® DS Evaluation Report on Marinure® DS
Vind u naaste Laeveld Agrochem agent by www.laeveld.co.za of 012 998 590934
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Philagro Suid-Afrika (Edms) BpkReg nr: 1998/010658/07Posbus 36213 Menlopark 0102Pretoria Tel: (012) 348 8808Somerset Wes Tel: (021) 851 4163www.philagrosa.co.za
Philagro se bewese reeks sitrusprodukte verseker topgehalte uitvoervrugte.Rugby 10 ME of Rugby 10 G• Los die probleem van aalwurms in sitrus op.Nemesis• Doen sy reputasie gestand wat rooi- en mosseldopluisbeheer betref.• Die enigste piriproksifen wat in Japan en in die VSA geregistreer is.Meothrin• Laat blaaspote en valskodlingmot die aftog blaas, terwyl rooimyt en bolwurm wat teenwoordig is
tydens bespuitings vir die blaaspote en valskodlingmot, ook beheer sal word.DiPel DF en Florbac WG
• Sal bladroller en lemoenvlinderlarwes effektief beheer sonder om dienie-teikeninsekte te benadeel.ProGibb 4 % of ProGibb 40 %• Sal vrugset verbeter en kraakskil verminder.Impact beskerm nawels teen nawelentverrottingSumimax WP• Beheer sekere grasse en breëblaaronkruide, en kan in tenkmengsels met glifosaat
of parakwat toegedien word om bestaande onkruide te dood.Aurora 40 WG sal, in 'n tenkmengsel met glifosaat, moeilike
breëblaaronkruide soos skraalhans, beheer.Praat gerus met jou naste Philagro-agent oor
betroubare sitrusprodukte wat werk.
Sitrusproduktewat werk
PRODUKTE WAT WERKVAN MENSE WAT OMGEE
Raadpleeg die etiket vir volledige besonderhede.Rugby 10 ME, reg nr. L 6368, Wet nr. 36 van 1947, bevat kadusafos, giftig. Rugby 10 G, reg nr. L 4110, Wet nr. 36 van 1947, bevat kadusafos, skadelik. Nemesis.reg nr. L 7099, Wet nr. 36 van 1947, bevat piriproksifen, versigtig. Meothrin, reg nr. L 6385, Wet nr. 36 van 1947, bevat fenpropatrien, giftig. ProGibb 4%, reg nr. L5118, Wet nr. 36 van1947, bevat gibberelliene, versigtig. ProGibb 40%, reg nr. L 6777 Wet 36 van 1947, bevat gibberelliene, versigtig. DiPel DF, reg nr. L 6441, Wetnr. 36 van 1947, bevat Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki, versigtig. Florbac WG, reg nr. L 5531, Wet nr. 36 van 1947, bevat Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai, versigtig. Sumimax WP, reg nr. L 6358 , Wet nr. 36 van1947, bevat flumioksasien. Impact, reg nr. L 4088, Wet nr. 36 van 1947, bevat flutriafol, versigtig. Aurora 40 WG, regnr. L 6794, Wet nr. 36 van 1947, bevat karfentrasoonetiel, versigtig.Rugby en Aurora is die gergistreerde handelsmerke van FMC Corporation, VSA. Nemesis, Meothrin en Sumimax is die geregistreerde handelsmerke van SumitomoChemicals Co, Japan. Progibb, Florbac en DiPel is die gergistreerde handelsmerke van die Valent Bioscience Corporation, VSA. Impact is die geregistreerde handelsmerkvan Cheminova, Denemarke.Ti
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Wonderful Citrus RecipesWonderful Citrus Recipes
Orange CakeIngredients:• 1 large orange, pips removed• 120 g butter• 200 g (250 ml) white sugar• 3 eggs• 280 g (500 ml) cake flour• 5 ml baking powder• 2 ml salt• 5 ml bicarbonate of soda• 125 ml warm milk• 100 g pecan nuts, choppedFor the syrup:• 100 g (125 ml) white sugar• 125 ml orange juice Method:1. Preheat oven to 180ºC.2. Chop the orange in a food processor or very finely with a knife.3. Cream the butter and sugar and add the eggs one at a time.4. Add the chopped orange and raisin mixture to the butter mixture.5. Add the sifted flour, baking powder and salt.6. Dissolve the bicarbonate of soda in the warm milk, and add to the flour mixture.7. Add the chopped nuts and mix well.8. Spoon into a greased 24 cm ring pan and bake for 60 minutes or until done.9. Remove from oven.10. Leave to cool in pan for 5 minutes and turn out onto a wire rack.Syrup: Boil orange juice and sugar together for 5 minutes. Spoon syrup over cake.
Lemon and Thyme Roast chicken Ingredients: • 2 whole chickensFor the brine:• 2l water• 60 ml salt• a few sprigs of thymeFor the herb butter:• 125g butter - room temperature• 1 tbsp fresh thyme - use only the leaves, remove it from the woody stems• Zest of 1 lemon - keep lemon and place one half in each chicken’s cavity• 1 clove garlic - crushed• salt and pepper
Method:1. Brine: Pour the water and all other ingre- dients into a stainless steel or glass bowl and leave the chickens to brine for at least 1 hour, but not more than 4 hours. Remove chickens from the brine, rinse under clean water and pat dry with kitchen towelling.2. Herb butter: Mix all the ingredients and stuff underneath the chicken’s skin, especially over the dry breast and leg areas.3. Preheat oven to 170°C. Place the chickens on a roasting rack inside a roasting tray and roast chickens for about 90 minutes or until the leg feels lose and comes away from the body of the chicken when you pull it. For the last 5-10 minutes of cooking time, sprinkle a little Maldon salt over the chickens and roast again.
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