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Lake Bogoria National ReserveWorld Ramsar Site (No.1057)

Integrated Management Plan 2007 – 2012

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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012

Lake Bogoria National ReserveWorld Ramsar Site (No.1057)

Integrated Management Plan 2007 – 2012

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Lake Bogor�a Nat�onal Reserve

Published June 2007

This plan was published with support from WWF Eastern Africa Regional Programme Office (WWF-EARPO.

WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by:

• conserving the world’s biological diversity • ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable • promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption

Cover photos: (top) WWF-EARPO / Catherine MGENDI, (bottom) WWF-EARPO / Fabian MUSILA

© text and graphics: 2007 County Council of Baringo, County Council of Koibatek and WWF-EARPO All rights reserved

The material and geographic designations in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of County Council of Baringo, County Council of Koibatek and WWF concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries.

Editing and Design: Kimunya Mugo

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ContentsForeword....................................................................................................................................v

Acknowledgements...................................................................................................................vi

Executivesummary.................................................................................................................vii

Listofabbreviations...............................................................................................................viii

Introductionandbackground.................................................................................................1 1.1Introduction................................................................................................................................1 1.2GeneralobjectivesofLakeBogoriaIntegratedManagementPlan...........................................1 1.3PurposeoftheLakeBogoriaNationalReserve.........................................................................2

LakeBogoriaNationalReserveanditscatchment.................................................................3 2.1Introduction............................................................................................................................... 3 2.2Conservationstatus................................................................................................................... 5 2.3Physicalenvironment................................................................................................................ 5 2.4Floraandfauna..........................................................................................................................8 2.5Environmentalandsocio-economicsituationintheplanarea..................................................9 2.6LakeBogoriacatchmentlinkages............................................................................................10

Naturalresourcesandzonationinplanarea.........................................................................11 3.1Criteriaforresourcecategorization.........................................................................................11 3.2Zonationoftheplanarea.........................................................................................................11 3.3 Justification for the recommended intensity of use................................................................. 12

Managementgoal,objectivesandinterventionstrategies....................................................13 4.1Goal,ObjectivesandStrategies...............................................................................................13

Managementprescriptionsandprogrammes.......................................................................15 5.1Introduction..............................................................................................................................15 5.2Landcover................................................................................................................................15 5.3Livestockandagriculture.........................................................................................................16 5.4Waterresources........................................................................................................................17 5.5Landtenureandlandusedynamics.........................................................................................17 5.6 Human–wildlife conflict.......................................................................................................... 18

LakeBogoriaNationalReserveinfrastructureinventoryandmanagement.....................19 6.1Infrastructureandfacilitiesinventory......................................................................................19 6.2Accommodation.......................................................................................................................19 6.3.NationalReservemanagement...............................................................................................20 6.4Reserveinfrastructuremaintenanceandmanagement............................................................ 22

Implementationstrategy,institutionalframeworkandstakeholderinvolvement............23 7.1Introduction............................................................................................................................. 23 7.2Implementationstrategy..........................................................................................................23 7.3FactorsguidingdevelopmentofinstitutionalframeworkfortheIMP................................... 23 7.4Possiblerolesandresponsibilitiesofthemajorstakeholders................................................. 24 7.5ThePlanimplementationstructure......................................................................................... 25 7.6OperationalizationoftheCommittee...................................................................................... 26 7.7Risksandassumptions.............................................................................................................26

Monitoringandevaluation,activitiesandbudget................................................................27 8.1Monitoringandevaluation...................................................................................................... 27 8.2Scheduledactivitiesandoutputs............................................................................................. 27

Appendices...............................................................................................................................37 Appendix1:TreesandshrubsofLakeBogoriaNationalReserveanditsenvirons.....................37 Appendix2.LakeBogoriaNationalReservechecklistofmammals............................................38 Appendix3.LakeBogoriaNationalReservechecklistofbirds................................................... 39 Appendix4:InstitutionalLinkages...............................................................................................41 Appendix5:InstitutionalFrameworkAndCollaboration.............................................................42 Appendix6:LawssupportingIntegratedManagementPlanning(IMP)...................................... 45 Appendix7:ParticipationindevelopmentofIntegratedManagementPlan.................................47

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ApprovalManagement plans as vehicles for Rural Development has gained more acceptances in the recent years. This is even more crucial in the area of Natural Resource Management, a very high percentage of conflicts among and within communities is linked in one way or another to resource access and control. Water ranks the top while the rest such as Land, Fuel wood, pasture, salt licks, herbal medicines etc. follow in an order determined by the location.

This country has recently witnessed these conflicts of unprecedented magnitude leading to loss of life and property. This plan has attempted to put in place an adaptive mechanism through which best practices in resource use can be achieved from a multi-sectoral and a wide constituency approach. The Local Authority Service Delivery Plan (LASDAP) underpins the consultative process through which this plan was developed.

It is noted that this is one of pioneering initiative by Local authorities and hence shall provide a learning ground to the rest.

WWF has proven a true partner as they have overseen this painstaking process right from the word go to this moment when its implementation is just about to begin.

The Ministry of Local Government approved this Integrated Management Plan for implementation at its sitting of 25 October and 11 November 2005 as a strategic management plan for the Lake Bogoria National Reserve.

Chairman, Baringo County Council Chairman, Koibatek County CouncilLake Bogoria Joint Management Committee Lake Bogoria Joint Management Committee

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ForewordThe Management of Lake Bogoria National Reserve produced this Integrated Management Plan with theassistance of WWF’s (formerly World Wide Fund for Nature), Lake Bogoria Community Based WetlandProject.Thisdocumenthasbeentailoredtomeetnotonlythenationalstatutoryrequirementsforprotectedareamanagementbutalsotheappropriateregionalandinternationallawsandconventions.Itstronglybuildsitsbasisonaparticipatoryandnegotiatedapproachtoissues,processesanddecisionswhiletakingintoaccountthewidescopeofstakeholders.LakeBogoriaisKenya’sthirdRamsarSiteandthe1,097thintheworldunderpinningthewiseuseconcept.Ittookaboutfiveyearsofpainstakingmultidisciplinaryandconsultativeprocessinvolvingasmanystakeholdersasthetimeandresourcescouldallow.

ThisPlancomesata timewhenthreeveryimportant lawsrelatingtonaturalresourcemanagementinKenyahavebeenenacted:TheNationalEnvironmentManagementandCoordinationAct(1999),TheWaterAct(2002)andTheForestryAct2005.Allthesestatuteslayaverystrongemphasisonanintegratedapproachtoresourcemanagementwiththelocalcommunitiesplayingasignificantrole.

ToalargeextentthisplandemonstratesanacceptancebythelocalauthoritiesresponsibleforthemanagementofLakeBogoriaNationalReserveofaparadigmshiftinnaturalresourcesmanagementasprovidedforbytheabovelistedlegislation.ThetwolocalauthoritiesofBaringoandKoibatekCountyCouncilshaveacceptedtonegotiatethemanagementofthereservewiththelocalcommunitiesandsharerevenuewiththem.However,theyalsorecognisetheneedtoworkwithotherpartnersresponsiblefornaturalresourcemanagementatthenationallevel.ItisinviewofthisthattheKenyaWildlifeService(KWS)asthechiefcustodianofthecountry’swildliferesourcesshallcontinuetobeanimportantpartnertogivethenecessarysupportiveandadvisoryservicesandguidelinestoallprotectedareasirrespectiveoflandstatus.ThelocalDistrictCouncilswillalsoworkwithotherrelevantnational/regionalgovernmentinstitutionsincludingtheWaterResourcesManagementAuthority(RiftValleyRegion)andtheNationalForestServiceamongstothers.

Dr. Kwame Koranteng,Regional Representative, WWF Eastern Africa Regional Programme Office

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AcknowledgementsThe Joint management of Lake Bogoria National Reserve acknowledges WWF for contributing financial and technical support towards the consultation process in the preparation of this Integrated Management Plan (IMP).

Special thanks go to the following people who were members of the Planning Team and worked tirelessly to prepare this IMP: William Kimosop, Maushe Kidundo, Musila Fabian, Musa Cheruiyot, Michael Kangogo, Kunga Ngeche, Sirma Chepkonga, Daniel Koros, Joel Meto and Sally Kibos. Special thanks also go to Mohamed Awer, Nina Bhola and the late Tom Kabii who made invaluable contribution to the plan and provided oversight of the whole planning process and is greatly appreciated.

Special appreciation also goes to Hellen Gardiner, Julie Thomas, Mark Wright, Richard Barnwell, William Pratesi, Dr. Sam Kanyamibwa, Robert Ndetei, Dr. J M Githaiga, Dr. Kwame Koranteng, George Wamukoya, Kimunya Mugo, Dr. Taye Teferi, Anderson Koyo and David Harper.

The Joint Management of Lake Bogoria appreciates the contributions of all her staff, partners, and stakeholders, local community members who were involved in one way or the other in preparation of this plan.

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Executive summaryLake Bogoria National Reserve is an important conservation area in Kenya holding regionally and nationally endangered species. The reserve has unique physiographic features and geothermal manifestations due to its geological history. The combination of landforms, biodiversity content, availability of water and forage makes this site important at community, national and global levels. It was designated as a national reserve in 1974 and in 2001 it was listed as a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar convention. Revenue from tourism, related activities and other natural resources in the reserve can play an important role in the socioeconomic development of the area.

The National reserve is at risk from environmental degradation arising from unsustainable resource exploitation and ecologically negative catchment-wide processes. The root causes of these problems are poverty, poor land use, overstocking and unsustainable farming systems. These socioeconomic circumstances of the populace and the environmental impacts are threatening Lake Bogoria National Reserve and its wider catchment. The prevailing situation has prompted WWF (EARPO) in partnership with the two reserve managing county councils and the local communities to initiate the development of this Integrated Management Plan (IMP). This IMP will be a template for sustainable conservation of Lake Bogoria National Reserve, and will involve the local community and enhance attainment of sustainable livelihoods.

This management plan takes into consideration the natural resources in LBNR, their economic potential and identifies conservation threats from catchment wide processes. The integrated approach to conservation will promote sustainable livelihoods, create new socioeconomic opportunities, harnesses existing ones and safeguard the conservation of the National reserve and its environs.

The IMP plan areas landscape, vegetation, climate, geology and biodiversity are closely inter linked. The socioeconomic activities in the area are to a large extent dependent on the natural resources especially pastures and water that sustain the pastoral economic backbone. Over exploitation of this resources are the main drivers of environmental degradation which in turn has set in motion vicious cycles leading to further degradation and high incidence of poverty in the local population. The linkage between the various ecological components, socioeconomic activities, and effects of catchment wide processes is also explained. The linkages justify the need to extend the plan area’s boundaries beyond the National reserve, in order to minimize the impacts of catchment wide processes. The IMP proposes management strategies that take into account the natural ecological linkages, conservation objectives and needs in designated zones and highlights targeted research to guide reserve management and overall conservation of the plan area while ensuring sustainable livelihoods.

The planning process involved stakeholders to ensure wide participation and ownership of this management plan. The integrated management plan identifies issues that need urgent consideration, proposes mitigations strategies, and identifies appropriate stakeholders and their roles. The IMP has a time frame of five years in which to achieve the immediate objectives. A log frame for executing the IMP components, means of verification, stakeholder responsibilities and approximate costs is included. The IMP also has inbuilt mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating its implementation. This management plan is an adjustable blueprint upon which programmes can be based. It provides a framework for different stakeholders to identify areas where their intervention is needed and their linkages with other stakeholders.

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List of abbreviationsWWFWorldWideFundforNatureKWSKenyaWildlifeServiceLBNRLakeBogoriaNationalReserveLBIMPLakeBogoriaIntegratedManagementCBOCommunityBasedOrganizationWCKWildlifeClubsofKenyaKATOKenyaAssociationforTourOperatorsEUEuropeanUnionEMCAEnvironmentalManagementandCoordinationActGoKGovernmentofKenyaKARIKenyaAgriculturalResearchInstituteMENRMinistryofEnvironmentalandNaturalResourcesNEMANationalEnvironmentalManagementAuthorityMoLMinistryofLandsFDForestDepartmentMOEMinistryofEducationUONUniversityOfNairobiMUMoiUniversityLALocalAuthoritiesMLFMinistryofLivestockandFisheriesMAMinistryofAgricultureNGONonGovernmentalOrganizationMRDMinistryofRuralDevelopment

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Integrated Management Plan (2007-2012)

Introduction and background

1.1 IntroductionLakeBogoriaanditscatchmentarerichinnaturalresourcesthatincludelandforms,forests,wildlife,wetlandsandpastures.InthecatchmenttherearemoistuplandforestsaroundSubukiathatarethemajorsourcesofsurfaceinflowsintothelakeandarerichinforestproductsandbiodiversity.Thewidercatchmenthasmultipleland-usetypesthathaveundergonemajorchangesinthelast100years.Themoistuppercatchmentareachangedfromforeststolarge-scalecommercialfarmsandranches,whichwerelatersub-dividedintosmall-scaleholdings.Thelowercatchmentwasundernomadiclivestockproduction,whichhaschangedovertimetoarelativelysedentarymodeoflivestockproduction.Livestocknumbersinthisareahaveincreasedovertimeandarerestrictedtoasmallerrangecomparedtothepastherdingsystem.Theselandusechangesandahighhumanpopulationgrowthhasexertedenormouspressureontheenvironmentandnaturalresources.Consequently,thesedevelopmentshavedisrupted ecological processes andhavenegatively impacted the environment.These impacts aremanifestedby severe soil erosion, mass wasting, high silt loads in runoff, agro-chemical pollution, land degradation,deforestation, land fragmentationandencroachment intosensitivehabitats.Therehasbeen increasedpovertyamongst the local community members. The environmental problems have been compounded by the recentexcisionanddegazettementofforestsforhumansettlement.

1.1.1 PreviousmanagementplansandconservationinitiativesintheareaThefirstformalconservationinitiativearoundthelakewasgazettementin1970oftheLakeBogoriaNationalReserve(LBNR)underthewildlifeActbytheWildlifeConservationandManagementDepartment(WCMD).ThemanagementofthereservewaslatertransferredtotheBaringoCountyCouncil.Inthe1990’s,newdistrictswerecreatedandthereservewasputunderthejointadministrationofBaringoandthenewlycreatedKoibatekcountycouncils.ThepartsoftheuppercatchmentwereprotectedundertheforestAct.VariousActsandpoliciesregulatedlandmanagementanduseoutsidetheformallyprotectedareas.

The local community around Lake Bogoria National Reserve had practised effective traditional methods ofenvironmental conservation. Land, water and pasture were communally owned, with strict regulations thatcontrolleddryandwetseasongrazingaccess.Therehavebeenchangesovertimeinlandtenuresystemfromcommunal,trustlandtoindividualownership.

Poverty,environmentaldegradationandfrequentseverefoodshortagesdidprompttheneedforinterventions.StakeholdersintheplanareaincludingWWF,thelocalcommunityandcommunity-basedorganizations(CBO’s)haveinitiatedsustainableconservationpracticesandparticipatedintheplanningprocessforthismanagementplan.

1.1.2 ScopeoftheplanThe core conservation area of the IMP is LBNR. The Reserve has undergone ecological changes emanatingfrommanagementsystemsinplaceandhumanactivities.Theadverseeffectsoriginatenotonlyfromwithinthereservebutalsotheimmediateenvirons.Therearealsootherexternalprocessesthatarelinkedtocatchmentwideecologicalandsocioeconomicfactors.

Thiscatchment-integratedmanagementplanaimsataddressingconservationissueinLBNRthroughanecosystem-basedapproach.AlthoughthefocusisLBNR,theplanaddressesissuesinfluencingecologicalprocessesinthereserve,thecatchmentareacriticalforwaterinflows,wildlifedispersalareasandmigrationcorridors.Someoftheseprocessesemanatefromsocialfactorsanddepletionofresourcesinthecommunityareasprecipitatingpressureonthereserveasagrazingareaforlivestockandasourceofothernaturalresourcestothelocalcommunities.The plan has inbuilt mechanisms for stakeholder involvement, highlights environmental and socioeconomicdevelopmentissuesandsuggestsmanagementinterventions,byidentifyingactivities,resourcesandinter-agencynetworking.Theplan recommends formationofa stakeholder implementationcommittee,with thenecessarytechnicalskillstooverseeandcoordinatethesuggestedactivities.TheplanproposestonetworkstakeholdersandmobiliseresourcestoLakeBogoriacatchmentandprovidesaframeworktoenhancelivelihoods.

1.2 General objectives of Lake Bogoria Integrated Management PlanThesuccessof thisplan is inter-linkedwith thecommunitysocioeconomicstatus improvement,maintenanceof environmental health integrity, and to ensure livelihoods support and continuity of ecological processes.Toachieve this, thecommunities in the loweranduppercatchmenthave toplaymajor role in the integratedmanagementplan(IMP).

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TheIMPhasthefollowinggeneralobjectives:Initiatecommunitysocio-economicdevelopmentthatensuresustainablelivelihoods,reducespressureontheenvironmentandnaturalresources,andarrestsencroachmentonthebiodiversityinthereserve.Developstrategiestomitigateenvironmentaldegradationandrestoredegradedareasintheplanareawhileprovidingviablealternatives.Encourageformationofcommunity-basedmanagementsystemsfornaturalresourcessuchaswaterresourceusersassociations,toguidetheuseandmanagementofwater,whichisacriticalandlimitingresourceinthearea.Supportthereservemanagementcapacitytomanageandmonitorthenaturalresourcesinthereserve.

1.3 Purpose of the Lake Bogoria National ReserveTraditionallyLakeBogoriaNationalReservemanagementhasrevolvedaroundwildlifemanagement.ThisIMPhasredesignedandexpandedtheconservationtoalsoinclude:

Protectionandconservationofthegeneticandbiologicaldiversityofspeciesassemblages,theintegrityoftheabioticresourcesandinteractionstoensurecontinuedecosystemprocesses;Thelocalcommunityandthereservemanagementparticipationinplanning,developmentandmanagementoftheplanarea;Promotionofcommunityenvironmentaleducationanddisseminationofinformationonconservationandsustainableuseofresources.

This expansionof the IMPscope is important to ensure the reserve isbuffered fromnegativeprocesses thatemanatefromitsenvirons.Thisisthroughtherecognitionoftheimmediateenvironsascrucialinprovidingabufferzonethatabsorbsimpactsbeforetheyaffectthereserve.

1.3.1PlanningprocessParticipatoryandstrategicplanningprocesshasbeenused in thedevelopmentof this IMP.ThisprocesswasinitiatedinMay2003andinvolvedconsultationswhereconsensuswasobtainedonvariousaspects.

Theplanningguidelinesusedinformulatingthismanagementplanincluded:TheRamsarConventiononWetlandsofinternationalimportance,TheKenyaWildlifeService(KWS)andtheWildlifeAct,LocalGovernmentActEnvironmentalManagementandCoordinationAct(EMCA)AgricultureActLivestockActForestActTheconsultativemeetingsandinteractiveworkshopsthatprecededtheformulationofthisplanWaterAct2002

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Lake Bogoria National Reserve and its catchment

2.1 IntroductionTheplanareaencompassesLBNR,itsimmediateenvironsandthecatchmentofLakeBogoria.TheLakeisthedeepestalkalinelakeintheKenyawithnumerousalkalinehotspringsthatcontributesignificantinflowsintothelake.TheReservecomprisesofthelakeandtheterrestrialportionwithvariousvegetationtypesdependingonsoiltypesandterrain.Amongstthesevegetationtypesaregrasslands,thicketsandwoodlands.ThewoodlandsformanimportanthabitatfortheendangeredGreaterKudu(Tragelaphus strepsciseros)andothermammals.TheReserveisrichinbiodiversityandthelakeisanimportantstopoverpointforthenorthernavianmigrants.Theareahashighrevenuepotentialintermsoftourism,socio-economicandculturalactivities.ItislocatedincloseproximitytobothcentralandnortherntouristcircuitsinKenya.

The immediate environs of the plan area have a low human population density and currently offer limitedeconomic opportunities, which are largely, restricted small-scale irrigation, livestock and bee keeping. Theupperpart of the catchment aroundSubukiahashigh agricultural potentialwith intense cultivation andhighhumanpopulationdensities.Thehumanactivitiesinthecatchmentandthelakeenvironshaveadverselyaffectedsustainableconservationandmanagementintheplanarea.

2.1.1LocationLakeBogoriaNationalReserve,liesbetween36°4′and36°7′Eastand0°20′Northandabout10kmNorthoftheequatorinBaringoandKoibatekDistrictsofRiftValleyprovinceKenya(Fig.1).Ithasanaltitudebetween970matthelaketo1650metersonSirachoescarpment.TheReserveliesclosetotheeasternwalloftheGreatRiftValleyandhasitsheadquartersatLoboiGate.

Figure 1: The location of Lake Bogoria in the East African Rift Valley

Lake BaringoLake Bogoria

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NairobiDemocraticRepublicof Congo

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Figure 2: Lake Bogoria National Reserve, drainage system.

2.1.2LegalstatusLake Bogoria National Reserve was gazetted as wildlife protected area, vide legal notice number 270 of01/11/1970;andisfoundinboundaryplan216/26delineatingatotalareaof107km2.

2.1.3RoadAccessTherearethreeaccessroadstothereservethroughthreegatesatLoboi,MajiMotoandEmsos.ThemainaccessisalongtheNakuru-MarigatroadwherethreeKilometresbeforeMarigattown,isajunctiontotherighttowardsLBNR.TheLoboiGatewhichalsoservesasthereserveheadquartersis20kmfromthisjunction.AnearthroadthatbranchesofftotherightnearMogotioShoppingCentre,36KmfromNakurutownleadstotheothertwogates.

Waseges River

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LakeBogoria

Emsos Gate Outpost

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2.1.4 AccessbyairTheReservecanbeaccessedbyair throughairstrips inLakeBaringoand thenby road through theMarigatjunction.However,anon-gazettedandunclassifiedairstrip thatcanbeusedby lightaircraft is locatedat theNorthernpartofthereserveneartheLoboigate.

2.2 Conservation status LakeBogoriawasdeclaredanationalreserveduetoitsrichinbiodiversity,sceneryandhydrologicalfeaturesin1970andwasmadeaRamsarsiteofinternationalimportancein2001.Itusedtobeanimportantcommunaldryseasongrazingareaforthelocalcommunities,andhasimportantsacredandculturalsites.

Twolocalauthorities,BaringoandKoibatekCountyCouncils,currentlyjointlymanageLBNR.WWF(EARPO)is supporting the reservemanagement throughconservation activities aimedat enhancing sustainablenaturalresourceconservation,socio-economicdevelopmentandenvironmentaleducation.

2.3 Physical environment2.3.1Physiography,GeologyandsoilsLakeBogoriaanditscatchmentaregeologicalproductsofpasttectoniceventsoffaulting,warping,andvolcaniceruptions associated with the formation of the Rift Valley. The area has geologic manifestations of ongoingvolcanicprocessesintheformoffumaroles,hotspringsandgeyserswithinthelake,alongthelakeshoresandvariouspointsinthesurroundingareas.Thelakeislocatedalongoneofthemajorblock-definingfaultsintheRiftValley,theSolai-Subukiafaultblock,whichincludestheSolai,IguamitiandSouthArabelfaultscarps.LakeBogoriaispartiallyseparatedfromthismainfaultblockbytheKisanana-Chemasa-EmsosfaultthatmergesintoLakeBogoriafaultalongtheEmsosfaultstructureatSirkenHill.Thesefaultlinesarealignedinthenorth-southdirectionwithSandaidepositionpansinfillingalargeportionofthegrabennorthofthelakeandstretchingtoLakeBaringo.

Theplanareaischaracterisedbyvolcanicrocksandsedimentsoverlyingmetamorphicsubstrata,whichbelongtothePleistoceneandMiocenegeologicaleras.Theareaishighlyfaultedandfissuredwiththemajorriversflowingnorthalongthefault-lines.ClosetotheLakeanditssurroundingsarestratifieddeltaicsiltsandsalinedeposits.ThewesternsectionoftheLakecomprisesofanalciticphonolitesandporphyritictrachytes.TheEasternsectionbeyondthedeltaicsiltscomprisesofsedimentarydeposits,volcanicsoils,screesandalluvium.PorphyriticolivinebasaltsarealsofoundalongtheeasternfaultsboundingLakeBogoria.

LakeBogoriadrainagebasinhasthreemajorsoil types;claysoil,clayloamandsilt loam.Soil textureisnotvariableandmostsoilsarecategorizedasloamywithexceptionsofclayloamsrestrictedtoriverineareas.Theriverinesoilsarecomplexwithvariedtexturesdependingonthedrainageconditionsandarecomposedoferodedvolcanicsedimentsandalluvialdeposits.Theyconsistofdiversetypesofgranulomites,conglomerates,siltsandgravels.

Claysoilsarefoundontheupperpartofthecatchment,lowlands.ThemiddlepartisdominatedbyclayloamwhileasmallportionatthemouthofriverWasegestoLakeBogoriawasidentifiedassiltloam.

Figure 3: A cross section of the lake Baringo-Bogoria half-graben (after Renult and Tiercelin, 1994)

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ThesoilsaroundthelakehavehighapHrangingfrom6.8to9.0,withhighsodiumbicarbonatelevelsrangingfrom0.5to9.92meql-1.Thesalinityandsodicityareattributedtotheparentrockmaterial.Highlyalkalinesoilsarefoundalongtheshorelinefringes,butthoseclosetopermanentwatersourceshaveintermediatevalues,whilesoilsintheridgesandscarpshavethelowestpHvalues.

Soilnutrientavailabilityindicesarehighindicatinghighfertilitylevelswithmeanphosphorousconcentrationsof80ppmintheriverinesoils.Kaolinitesconstitute70–80%ofsiltwhileillionitesareinter-stratifiedwiththerest10–20%.Potassium,magnesiumandmanganeseconcentrationsaregenerallylow.Calciumconcentrationsarehighandexhibitwidevariationbetween10.37and37.26meql-1.Thespatialdistributionsofthesoilsareshownbelow.

2.3.2ClimateandrainfallTheclimateintheplanareaisaridtosemiaridregimesexceptinthemoisthighlandsaroundSubukia.TheclimaticconditionsarestronglyinfluencedbytheITCZ(InterTropicalConvergenceZone)andtherearetwodistinctwetanddryseasons.Withinthereserveandadjacentareas,theclimaticconditionsareharshwithtemperaturesattheLakerangingfrom180C-390Cwithadailymeanof250C.Meanannualprecipitationvariesfrom500-1000mmandfallsintwoseasonsApril-MayandOctober-November(figure5).Thephysiographiclocationofthereserveinagrabenplacesitintherainshadowofthesurroundingfaultscarpsandhighlands.Thecombinationofweathervariablesandphysiographiclocationgivethelakebasinahot,semiaridclimate.

LakeBogoriaand its surroundingsarecategorizedunderagro-ecological climaticzoneE.Rainfall reliabilityislow(Mwangi,1992),anddailysunshinehoursaverage10makingtheareahotformostoftheyear(WWF,2003annualreport).ThereisamarkedhotspellfromJanuarytoMarchwhentemperaturesinexcessof340Careexperienced.ColdspellsoccurinthemonthsofJulyandAugust.

Figure 4: Distribution of soil types in the Lake Bogoria catchment and its immediate environs.

El Nino and La Nina events are interpreted from analyses of the 25-year record from the Lake Bogoria National Reserve weather station. The deviation of the average annual rainfall from the 25-year mean reveals 5-7 year cycles of inter-annular variability in precipitation (Figure 6).

Lake Bogoria

Clay

Clay loam

Silt loam

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Figure 5: Average monthly rainfall for the period 1977-2001 (LaVigne and Ashley, 2002).

Figure 6: Departures of annual total rainfall (mm) from the 25-year mean. 1977-1979, 1988-1990 and 1997-1998 El Nino years; 1984-1986 La Nina years (LaVigne & Ashley, 2002).

2.3.3HydrologyLakeBogoriaareahasatrellisdrainagepatternandriversflownorthwardsalongfaultlines.Thelake’scatchmentis 930km2drainedby riverSandai-Waseges,which flowsnorthwards towardsLakeBaringobut deviates tothesouthatSandai todrain intoLakeBogoria.TheriverflowisseasonalandoccasionallydriesupbetweenJanuaryandMarch.Inthelongrainyseason,theriverbringsinlargevolumesofsilt,erodedfromthedegradedrangelands.RiverLoboi thatdrains intoLakeBaringodiverts itscourse in thewetseason todrain intoLakeBogoriaduetocloggingofitschannelbysediments.Thishasturnedouttobeanormalflowpatternduringthewetseason,greatlyincreasingtheamountofsurfaceinflowsandsiltloadsintoLakeBogoria.Theplanareahasseveraldrywadisthatarecharacterizedbyflashfloodflowsinthewetseason.InthesouthRiverEmsosandafewperennialspringsdischargefreshwaterintothelake.Thelakelevelfluctuatesbetween11and14meterswith precipitation but does not exhibit extreme surface area variations compared to other shallow rift valleylakes.Itstroughbasinmorphometryprecludemajorsurfaceareavariations,whiledischargefromallthespringscounterbalanceevaporativelossesconsiderably(Tiercellinetal,1987).

AstudycarriedouttodeterminethewaterbudgetforLakeBogoriaquantifiedinflowsandoutflowstothelake.Theinflowsinclude,riverflows,directrainfallintothelakeandflowfromspringsintothelakeof31,24.29and28.38millioncubicmetersrespectively.Theoutflowsaremainlythroughdirectevaporationfromthelake

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surface,domesticandlivestockabstractionsat75,0.7and1.2millioncubicmetersrespectively.Totalinflowsare83.67millioncubicmeterswhiletotaloutflowsare70.65millioncubicmetersresultinginadifferenceof13.02millioncubicmeters,whichisaccountedforbyabstractionsforirrigationupstream(OnyandoandMusila,2004).

Theriversandriverineecosystemsinthisaridandsemi-aridplanareaarecriticalhabitatsandproviderefugeforwildlife.Theriverineecosystemshavedistinctecologicalcharacteristicsthatallowthemtosupportwildlife,invertebratesandplantspeciesthatcannotthriveinthearidareas.Theriversystemisavitalresourcetothelocalcommunityprovidingwateranddryseasongrazingandirrigatedagriculture.

Lake BogoriaLakeBogoriaischaracterisedbysteepshorelineandhasatroughbasinmorphometrycomprisingofthreesemi-distinctbutinterconnectedbasinsconsistingof;thenorthern,centralandsouthernbasins.Thesouthernbasin,arelictvolcaniccrateristhedeepestpart(14m),joinedtotherestofthelakebyanarrowisthmus.TheLakehasahighalkalinitywithpHrangingbetween9.8-10.6,alkalinitybetween480-800meql-1andanelectricalconductivityof45,000-85,000μScm-1.Phosphoruslevelsareextremelyhighandoccurintheformoforthophosphates.Totalphosphateandnitrogenconcentrationsof3.5mgl-1and32mgl-1,respectively,havebeenmeasuredinthelake.

The open water is dominated by phytoplankton species such as Spirulina platensis, Microcystis flos-aquae, Anabaenopsis arnoldii andbacteriaextremophiles.The shorelinevegetation is characterisedbyplant speciessuchasCyperus laevigatus,Sporoblus spicatus and Cynodon dactylon amongothers.

Hot Springs, Geysers and springsThehotspringshavehigh temperaturesandarehighlymineralizedandaresourcedfromshallowaquifers incontactwithlavaintrusions.Theyhaveanestimateddischargeof900lsec-1(28.38Mm3)tothelake.Thespringsare found in threemain clusters,Loburu,Chemurkeu andMwanasis-Kibwu-Losaramat areas (Renaultet al.,1987).ThehotspringattheLoburuandChemurkeuhaveashallowaquiferwithtemperaturesofabout1000C,while thesouthernMwanasis-Kibwu-Losaramathotspringshaveadeeper lyingaquiferwith temperaturesofabout1700C(Cioniet al.,1992).All thespringsarealkalinewithapHabove8.0.Therearenumerousothersmallerhotsprings,geysersandfumarolesintheplanarea.

Other wetlands and SwampsSeveralswampsoccurintheplanareaandtheydifferinsize,waterchemistry,biotaandhydrology.TheLoboiswampisthelargestandconstitutesakeyecosystemcomponentintheplanareaasawaterreservoirforlivestock,agriculturalanddomesticsupply.SwampsalongSandai/WasegesRiverplayanimportantroleinnutrientremoval,agro-chemicalretentionandsedimentsfiltration.Therearealsoothernumeroussmallmarshesfedbyfaultrelatedsprings.Thewetlandsespeciallythoseoutsidethereserveareimportanttothelocalcommunitiesforwaterandfoodproduction.Theswampsarealsorichinbirdlife.

2.4 Flora and fauna2.4.1FloraWithin the reserve, biodiversity inventories have identified approximately 210 plant species belonging to 53plantfamiliesinthereserveandneighbouringwetlands.Amongstthese,are38speciesofGraminaeand15ofAcanthaceae. Thesespeciesaredistributedinsixbroadvegetationtypes(Mwangi,1992).Theseare;riverineforests,woodedbushland,bushedthicket,bushland,bushedgrasslandandswamps.Thesearefurtherdescribedinto tenvegetation communities on thebasis of dominance.Dominant grasses include;Dominant grasses include;Sporobolus ioclados, Dactyolectenium aegyptium, Chlonis virgata and Digitaria velutina.Shrubsinclude;Grewia tenax, G. bicolor, Acalypha fruticosa and Acacia mellifora.The most dominant tree species isThemostdominanttreespeciesisAcacia tortilis.OthercommunitytypesincludemixturesofBalanites aegyptica, Combretum spp., Ficus spp., andTerminalia sppEvergreenandsemideciduousbushlandcoverlargeareasalongstreamvalleyandotherinhospitableareas.

Thedistributionofthevegetationtypesstronglycorrelatestocombinationsoftopography,soiltypes,elevation,drainagesystemsandsoilmoisturecontent(Appendix1).

In the upper parts of the catchment, mountane forests are found around Subukia, Olrara Bel, Mchongoi andMarmanetareas.TheseareasarethecatchmentforRiverSandai/Waseges.Thereareotherriverineforestsalongriverscourses,seasonalwaterflowchannelsandfreshwatersprings.

OutsideLBNRandtheforestareasthevegetationcomprisesofgrasslands,bushlands,shrublands,scrublandsandwoodlands.Thesevegetationtypesareassociatedwithunconsolidatedsoils,rockoutcropsandriverineplainsinthearidpartsoftheplanarea.Thesearethecommunityareas,whicharecommunallygrazed.

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2.4.2FaunaWildlifeTheareaisrichinwildlifespeciescharacteristicbyahighdiversityatlowdensities.AnimalsfoundintheplanareaincludetheGreaterKuduandothersshowninAppendixII.Thereareseveralreptilesthatincludemonitorlizard,lizards,tortoise,crocodilesandvariousspeciesofsnakes.

Bird lifeOver373speciesofbirdshavebeenrecordedintheplanarea(Appendix3)includingover50migratoryspecies,makingitoneoftherichestbirdlifeareas(IBA)inKenya.ThezoogeographicallocationofthereservebetweentheEthiopianandtheMasaizoo-regionscontributestotheareashighspeciesdiversity

The lake holds huge congregations of lesser flamingo that feed on the high production of blue-green algaedominated by Spirulina platensis. The lake shore configuration and fresh water points provide favourableenvironmentfortheseassemblagesandattimesmorethan1.5millionflamingoscanbecounted.LakeBogoriasometimessupportsthehighestpopulationofgreaterflamingosintheriftvalleyalkalinelakes.

2.5 Environmental and socio-economic situation in the plan areaThe deteriorating environmental conditions in the plan area threaten sustainable livelihoods, environmentalintegrityand thecontinuationofnaturalecologicalprocesses.Negativeenvironmental impactsareemanatingfromdemographicchanges,inappropriatelandusetypesandtrends,poorgovernanceandpolicyfailureandhighpovertyprevalence.Highlivestockdensitiesofpoorstockqualityhaveacceleratedenvironmentaldegradationinthissemiaridarea.Thesefactorshaveputtheeverdiminishingnaturalresourcebaseunderpressurefromtheirmultiple interactions thataremanifested throughdeforestation,siltation,erosion,eutrophication,species loss,habitatdegradation,lossofpastureandincreaseinpoverty.Thesituationhasbeencompoundedbybreakdownofindigenousenvironmentalmanagementandresourceusesystems.TherecentclimaticvariabilityintheEastAfricanRegionhasaggravatedenvironmentalproblemsinthisecologicallyfragilesemiaridarea.Thesefactorsandprocesseshaveerodedthenatural resourcebase, jeopardizing thecontinuedsustainableconservationandutilizationoftheplanarea.

Theplanareahasundergonesevereenvironmentaldegradationfromtheinterplayofseveralfactorsandprocessesinanecologicallyfragileregion.ThisIMPaimsatreversingtheenvironmentaldegradationtoachievesustainableconservationandsecurelivelihoodsofthelocalpeople.Althoughtheyarecloselyinterlinked,environmentalissuescanbroadlycategorizedasthosethatpredominateoutsidethenationalreserveandultimatelyaffectthenationalreserveandissueswithin thereserve itself.ThestrategiesdevelopedformitigationandmanagementinterventioninthesetwoareasmusthavesynergyifthegoalsandobjectivesofthisIMParetobeachieved.

2.5.1IssuesinthecatchmentThereserveenvironsandLakeBogoriacatchmenthaveseveralseriousenvironmentalissuesthatcascadeintothe Reserve through socio-economic, hydrological and proximity linkages. Outside the reserve, some of theenvironmentalmanagementissuesrevolvearound:

Human – resource conflict. WaterqualityandquantityDeforestationandencroachment.Changes in ground cover affecting underground water recharge and sustenance of river flow regimes.Poorfarmingmethods.Landtenuresystem.Humandemographictrends.EnvironmentalliteracyHumansettlementpatterns

Theinterventionsadoptedfortheseissueswillbeco-ordinatedasanintegratedapproachbythevariousagenciessuch as the Local Authorities of Koibatek and Baringo County Councils, Government departments, NGO’s,CBO’s,communitiesandindividualswhoarealreadyactiveinpartsoftheplanareashouldadoptthisIMPasaframeworktoharmoniseenvironmentalmanagement.

2.5.2IssuesinLakeBogoriaNationalReserveThereservewasacommunitygrazingareabefore1970swhenitwasmadeawildlifeconservationarea.Livestockgrazinghas,however,continuedwithinthereserve,resultingincompetitionforpastures,diseasestransmissionandotherformsofhumanwildlifeconflict.Adverseenvironmentalimpactswithinthereservecanbecategorizedasthosearisingfromestablishmentofthereserveandthosefromhumanactivitieswithinit.

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Ecological issues emanating from park management practicesVegetationdynamicsleadingtospeciessuccessionandinvaderspeciesestablishmentintheabsenceofhabitatmanagement.Poorwildlifemanagementduetolackofcomprehensivedataonwildlifepopulationdynamicsandtrends.Negativeimpactsoflivestockgrazinginthereserve.Effects of catchment wide processes on water quality on wildlife, especially flamingo mortalities.

Human induced issues

Impactsofinfrastructuredevelopment.Environmentaldestructionbytouristactivities.Watersourceanddrainagealterationthroughcementpondconstructionaroundspringsandacrossstreams.Highconcentrationoftourisminfragilehabitats.Localizederosionfocialonglivestocktrails.

2.5.3HydrologicalissuesfromcatchmentwideprocessesThesearelargelydrivenbyprocesseswithinthelargercatchmentandinvolve:

Declining and highly variable inflows into the lake due to deforestation and abstraction of surface and groundwater.Siltationduetoextensiveerosionandpollutionbyagro-chemicals.

2.6 Lake Bogoria catchment linkagesLakeBogoriaislinkedtoitscatchmentthroughecological,hydrologicalandsocio-economicfunctionsasshowninFigure7.MostoftheselinkagesareintertwinedandhavecumulativeimpactsontheLakeandthereserve.Lossofvegetationcoverbyovergrazingleadstosoilerosion,siltationofsteamsandwetlands,andlanddegradation.Thiscreatesaviciouscyclethatleadstomoreenvironmentaldegradationandsetinmotionotherprocessesthatmagnifytheinitialimpacts.

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Figure 7 Linkages of ecological and socio-economic issues and processes in the plan area

Catchment processes

•Deforestation•Degradation and erosion•Human and livestock population increase•Land sue•Socioeconomic changes

Consequences

• Unsusta�nable l�vel�hoods• Loss of b�od�vers�ty• Poverty prevalence• Unsusta�nable env�ronmental conservat�on

Effects

• Hydrolog�cal d�srupt�ons• Decl�ne �n water qual�ty and quant�ty• Loss of pasture• Increased l�vestock numbers• Land degradat�on• Invader plant spec�es• Decl�ne �n natural resources• Encroachment �nto LBNR

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Natural resources and zonation in plan areaTheresilienceofnaturalecosystemsandtheirresourcestohumanimpactscanbeusedasguidelinestozonationdependingontheintensityofuse.Importantnaturalresourcesintheplanareaincludebiodiversity,landscapeaesthetics, geological formations and hydrological systems. The natural resources found in the plan area arean importantbase forsocio-economicdevelopmentand livelihoodsupport.Theoptimumharnessingof theseresources through zonation has high spin-off effects that can enhance economic opportunities and improvedconservation,andsustainablelivelihoodsforthelocalcommunity.

3.1 Criteria for resource categorizationNaturalresourceintheplanareacanbecategorisedonthebasis:

Geologicalformationandscenicfeatures,Biodiversity,culturalandecologicalattributes,Importanceofhabitatforsurvivalofthreatenedandendangeredspecies,Susceptibilityofhabitatssuchasbreeding,roostingandfeedingsitestohumanactivitiesimpactsStatusofpopulationsofthreatened,endangeredandrarespecies.

Thenaturalresourceintheplanareacanfurthergroupedbasedonuseintocategorieslistedbelow.

3.1.1Naturalresourcesfortourism

LakeBogoria,wetlands,geysersandhotspringsFloraMammalianwildlifespeciesBirdlifeArchaeologicalandcontemporaryhistoricsitesLandscape

3.1.2.Naturalresourcesofculturalandsocio-economicimportance

Vegetation,Sand,stonesandmurramPasturesFreshwatersourcesSaltlickandtrona(Magadisoda)Honey,wildfruitsandvegetables

3.2 Zonation of the plan area Theplanareacanbedividedintoseveralzonesdependingonecologicalattributes,typesofuse,conservationstatusandneeds.

3.2.1AquaticzonesThesecompriseofthe:

LakeBogoriaSwampsMarshesGeysersSpringsRivers

3.2.2.TerrestrialzonesTheterrestrialzonesintheplanarecategorizedaccordingtovegetationtypes,topography,conservationstatusandlandusesystem.

Protected areaThiscanbecategorizedintothefollowinghabitats;

GrasslandsScrublandRiverinewoodlandsWoodlands

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Community areaThiscanbecategorizedinto;

FarmlandlandsGrazingareasUrbancentresandhumansettlements

3.3 Justification for the recommended intensity of useThereservehasahighdiversityofhabitatssomeofwhichcanbeconsideredasecologicallyfragile,orcontainrarespeciesofplantsandanimals.Humanactivitiesinthesehabitatscanbedisastrousoraltertheirattributes.Theeffectsofsuchactivitiesonahabitatdependonresiliencetoperturbationsandtheintensityofthedisturbance.Disturbance below resilience thresholds has low impacts and such habitats normally return to their originalconditionafterashorttime,whereaslessresilientonestakealongtime.However,unstablesystemsmayneverreturntotheiroriginalconditiononcedestroyed.Itisimportant,therefore,todeterminethestabilityanddegreeofresilienceofthevarioushabitatspriortosubjectingthemtothevariouscategoriesofuseintensity.Otherhabitatscanbeexcludedfromuseduetospecialfunctionlikebeingbreeding,roostingorfeedingsites.Exclusionofusemaybetemporaryorpermanent.Specialfeedingareasrequirepermanentexclusion,whileseasonallywaterlogged(flooded)areasmaybeclosedduringthewetseasononly.Otherareasarefunctionallydesignedandmodifiedtoaccommodateveryheavyintensitiesofusesuchasreserveadministrativeheadquarters,picnicandcampssites.Secondarynaturalvegetationandagriculturallandcanbemanipulatedtoallowaheavyintensityofuse.

Outsidethereserve,topographyisanimportantfactorindeterminingwhetherornottoputcertainlandundercultivation.Beyondacertaindegreeofslope,landshouldnotbecultivatedduetothehighriskofacceleratederosion.InLBNRanditsenvironsecologicalattributes,sensitivityandongoingusehavebeenusedtodelineatezonesforlow,medium,highandveryhighintensityofuse.TheseareshowninTable2and3.ThedesignatedzonesareshowninFigure8

Table 2: Zonation in Lake Bogoria National Reserve and recommended intensity of use

Zone Habitat type Location Recommended intensity of use

1 a) Frag�le hab�tatsMarshes, spr�ngs, lake shores, open lake, river mouths, breeding sites, hot spring fields

Loburu, R. Sanda� mouth, Emsos, F�g tree, Lake shore, Lobo� swamp, HQ Marshes, Mawe Moto, Steep scarps

No

b) Hab�tats for rare spec�es (breed�ng terrestr�al s�tes)

HQ marshes, shorel�ne, r�ver�ne hab�tats, Habitats known to be specific sites utilized by these spec�es

No

2 Cl�max Forest Vegetat�on F�g tree woodland and other r�ver�ne vegetat�on zones in the reserve

Low

� Reserve adm�n�strat�on and v�s�tor fac�l�t�es Offices, staff quarters, all camp/picnic sites, Hot spr�ngs

H�gh

Table 3: Zonation of habitat types and recommended use intensity outside the reserve

Zone Habitat type Location Recommended intensity of use

1 Frag�le hab�tats H�ghland forests, steep slopes, h�lls, r�ver sources, r�ver valleys, wetlands

Low

2 Settlements, cult�vated and rangelands lands Small & large scale farms H�gh and very h�gh

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Management goal, objectives and intervention strategies

4.1 Goal, Objectives and Strategies4.1.1GoalThegoalofthisIMPistoconserveLBNRforsustainabledevelopmentinaccordancewithNationalpolicies,CBD(Rioconvention),CMS(Bonnconvention),Ramsarprincipalsandriverbasinmanagementconcepts.

4.1.2ObjectivesToachievetheoverallgoaloftheIMP,asetofshortandlong-termobjectiveshasbeenidentified.Theattainmentoftheshorttermwillfacilitateandcreateanenablingenvironmentforachievingthelong-termobjectives.

Short-termobjectivesConserveandmanagetheenvironmentalservicesandvaluesofLakeBogoriacatchmentforsustainabledevelopment.Provide a basis for diversification of tourism, benefit sharing and poverty alleviation by instituting sustainablelandusepractices,environmentalconservationandnaturalresourcemanagement.SecuresupportofnationalandinternationalinstitutionsintheconservationanddevelopmentofLakeBogoriacatchment.Promoteintegration,collaborationandstakeholders’participationinenvironmentalconservation.

Long-termobjectives:Promotecommunitysocio-economicdevelopment.Minimizethreatsandconstraintsthathindersustainableconservationanddevelopmentintheplanarea.Promoteenvironmentaleducationandawarenessforeffectivestakeholders’participation.Strengthen management oriented scientific research and monitoring in Lake Bogoria National Reserve and itscatchment.Minimize human – resource conflicts, threats and enhance compatible land-use practices.

4.1.3StrategiesToachievetheaboveobjectives,theIMPproposestheimplementationofthefollowingstrategies:-

Undertakecompilationandanalysisofdataonkeybiodiversityresources,habitatsandtheecologyofkeyspeciesintheplanarea.Strengthenparkmanagementandadministrationthroughcapacitybuilding.Instituteandsupportenvironmentallyfriendlylandusepracticesandcommunitywildlifeconservationundertakings.Inliaisonwiththelocalcommunity,NGO’sandinternationalbodiestoenhanceenvironmentalconservationandmanagementthroughstrengtheningmulti-disciplinaryparticipationinconservation.Providereliableinformationanddataforconservationandmanagementpurposes.Diversifytourismactivitiesandattractionareas.Incollaborationwithlocalcommunity,Governmentdepartments,CBOsandNGOsinvestinsustainableenvironmentallyfriendlypovertyalleviationprogrammes.Maintainsecurityforwildlifeandvisitorsinthereserve.

Theachievementofthelong-termmanagementobjectivesforLakeBogoriaandcatchmentdependsonanumberofinteractingfactorslinkedtohumanactivities.

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Figure 8: Recommended zones for different activities within LBNR. The exact location of Lake Bogoria within its catchment is illustrated at the top right-hand corner. (Note: Catchment land use zonation is subject to stakeholder consensus and recommendations)

SWSW

GR

PR

PR

WLDLakeBogoria

Emsos Gate Outpost

Nyalilpuch Outpost

WLD

SN

Lookout Post

Airstrip

Loboi Outpost Gate

Maji Moto Outlook Post

KEY:SN Sanctuary

SW Swamp

GR Grazing area

WLD Wilderness

PR Natural preservation area

Roads and tracks

Greater Kudu migration corridor

Camp site

View point

Salt lick

Dam

Ritual site

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Management prescriptions and programmes

5.1 IntroductionThemanagementprescriptionsandinterventionprogrammespresentedinthisIMPrequiretheparticipationofvariousstakeholdersinordertoattaintheoverallgoalofsustainableconservationandmanagementofnaturalresources.Thiswillcatalysesocio-economicdevelopmentinthearea.Themanagementplanaimsformeaningfulandeffectiveinvolvementofkeystakeholders,especiallythelocalcommunityintheexecutionofdevelopmentandmanagementprogrammesintheplanarea.

5.2 Land coverThelandcoverhasbeenextensivelymodifiedthroughvariouslandusesystemstomeethumanneeds,precipitatingsevereadverseenvironmentalimpacts,withfarreachingecologicalandsocio-economicramifications.

5.2.1ForestsTherehasbeenextensivedeforestationintheuplandforestswithconsequencesondownstreamecosystemsandwateravailability.Themaindriversforforestcoverlossare:-

ExcisionsinOrabelandMarmamentforests.Logginginbahati,Muchongoi.WidespreadcharcoalburningwithinthecatchmentespeciallyNyalilpuch,OlkokweandMugurin.CultivationinriparianareasinSubukia,IgwamitiandLoboi.Encroachmentintogazettedforests,riverineforestsandotherfragilemicrohabitats.

Theimpactsofforestcoverlossare:IncreasedseasonalityofWasegesRiverLossofswampsandwetlandsthatdependonuppercatchmentrechargeSiltationdownstreamatSandaiandLoboiLossofbiodiversityFloodinganddisplacementofsettlementsinthelowlandsIncreasedstreamvelocityleadingtogullyformationanddrainageofKesuboswamps

5.1.2CommunalgrazingareasLivestockdensitiesincreasedbeyondthelandscarryingcapacityleadingtoovergrazingandchangeingrazingpatterns.Thecumulativeeffectofovergrazing,localisedandsustainedpressureonforageinthelowercatchmentandtheenvironsofthereserve.Theseandthechanginglifestylestendingtowardsincreasedsedentarizationhasledto:

SoilerosionwithsheetandgullyformationLossofsoilfertilitySparsevegetationcoverwithtopsoilexposureReducedforageavailabilityIncreaseininvaderplantspeciesIntensification of dust stormsFlash floodingIncreasedpovertyprevalenceIncreasedpressureonfragilemicrohabitatsEncroachmentintoswampsPrevalenceofanimaldiseasesHuman – wildlife conflict

Overalltheconsequencesofhumaninducedchangesinlandcoverintheplanareaare:IntensivesoilerosionatMugurin,KisananaleadingtosiltationofRiverLoboi.LossofbiodiversityoutsideandwithinthereserveExtensivelanddegradationintheentireplanarea.DeteriorationandlossofwatercatchmentvalueinMuchongoiandBahatiforests.Loss of ecological value due to loss of water, disruption of nutrients recycling, seasonal flooding and loss of other water bodies as manifested by unusual flooding during the long rains.Lossofculturalandaestheticvalues.

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5.2.3Landcoverconservationchallenges:Thefollowingarethechallengesintheconservationoflandcovertypesintheplanarea:

Maintenanceofviablelandcovertypes,whilepressureforlandandoverstockingcontinues.Protectionandrehabilitationofdegradedareas,whichwillsoonafterbeconsideredasdesirablegrazingareas.Lack of skilled personnel and financial resources to rehabilitate degraded areas.Diversification of livelihood options in a socioeconomic environment characterized by high poverty levels.

5.2.4InterventiontoconservetheplanarealandcovertypesThefollowinginterventionswillbeundertakentoconservethelandcover:

Educatecommunityonbetterlandhusbandry,soilandwaterconservation.Trainandmobilizecommunitiesthroughextensionprogramstomanagelandcover.Rehabilitateandprotectdegradedareas.Improvelivestockqualityandcreatelinkstolivestockmarketstomanagestockingrates.Exploreandpromotealternativesourcesoflivelihood(gamefarming).Demarcateandacquiretitledeedsfortheforestland.EnhancecapacitywithinGovernmentdepartmenttodealwithlandcoverloss.Supportimplementationofpolices,lawsandindigenousmanagementsystems.

5.3 Livestock and agriculture Demographicchangeshasledtochangesinlifestyleinfluencinglandusepatterns,whereagriculturalactivitiesandpastoralismarepractisedinfragilehabitats.Thishasbeenaggravatedbytheshifttoindividuallandholding,reducedcommunalgrazingandchangesinsettlementpatterns.

5.3.1Issuesonlivestock,agricultureandsettlementLossofpasture,Prolongedgrazinginthereserve.LossofdryseasonpastureinswampsandwetlandsLocalizedextinctionofpasturespeciesthroughseedbankdepletionLocalizeddegradationthroughgullyformationandexposureofbedrock,Siltationofwaterchannelsandswamps,Pronouncedstreamseasonality,Pollutionofwaterbodiesbyagrochemicals,domesticwaste,Farmingonsteepslopesleadingtosoilerosion.Drainageofwetlands.Waterabstraction

Theinterplayofthesefactorshassetinmotionaviciouscycleleadingtoescalatingpovertylevelsandunsustainablelivelihoods.Challengesinaddressingissuesrevolvingaroundagricultureandlivestockare:

A cultural system that glorifies high livestock numbers rather than quality.Institutionalizingappropriatelandhusbandrypracticesinapopulacewherelandtillingisarecentlyacquiredpractice.Instillingasenseofindividualownershipoflandwhereownershipwaspreviouslycommunal.

5.3.2MitigatingmeasuresThe following measures will be undertaken to mitigate the impacts of livestock, agriculture and humansettlement.

Agriculture:Undertakeeducationandawareness,sensitisationandappropriateactiononriverbank,steepslopefarming.Advocateintegratedpestmanagementandwiseuseofagro-chemicals.Introducedripirrigationandregulatecommunityirrigationschemes.Conduct a cost-benefit Analysis of crops grown in the area.Initiatebestagriculturalpracticesandonfarmforestry.

Overgrazing:Educatecommunityonappropriatestockingrates.Initiateincentivesforappropriatestockingrates.Undertakereseedingprogramme.

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Regulatedryseasongrazingandcontrolgrazinginsteepslopes.Improvelivestockbreedsandestablishcommunitybasedgrazingcommittees.Discouragegrazinginthereserve.

Thefollowingincentivesarenecessarytoattaintheaboveobjectives:Assistinthemarketingoffarmproduce.Assistinon-farmandpostharvestmanagementandpestcontrol.Diversifyincome-generatingprojectssuchasbeekeeping,Aloe-veracultivationandsmallstockrearing.

5.4 Water resourcesTheplanareaislargelywaterdeficitandthesituationhasbeenaggravatedbyhumanactivitiesthathavedisruptedthehydrologicalregimes,andaffectedwaterqualityandquantity.Cultivationalongriverbanksandclearingofforestsintheupperpartsofthecatchmenthasaffectedwaterpercolation,springsandriverflowregimes.ThereisaseverewatershortageespeciallyinthedrymonthsbetweenDecemberandMarch.

5.4.1IssuesandchallengesWateravailabilityintheplanareaisconstrainedby:

Dwindlingwaterresources.DeforestationinMarmanet,OlaraBel,MuchongoiandWestMauForests.Decliningwaterquality.Conflicts on water rights and use.

5.4.2.MitigationstrategiesThefollowingstrategieswillbeemployedtomanagewaterresourcesintheplanarea:

ImplementthewaterAct,throughformationofawaterapportionmentboardandwaterusersassociationtoresolve conflicts.Undertakeriverinevegetationrehabilitationandriverbankprotection.EncouragealternativewaterharvestingtechnologiesAdopt water efficient irrigation technologies

5.4.3ChallengeRegulatingwaterresourcesutilizationinanareawherealargeproportionofthepopulationdoesnothaveaccesstosafedrinkingwater.

5.5 Land tenure and land use dynamicsLandtenureandlandusesystemsin theplanareahaveundergoneextensivechanges inhistoricalandrecenttimes.Thelandhaschangedfromnomadicpastoralism,tocommunalsedentarygrazingandcurrentlyindividualholding.

Thishasledto:Catchmentdestructionresultingindryingupofriversandencroachmentofriparianareas.Deforestation.Subdivisionoflandleadingtounsustainablelivelihood.

5.5.1.ChallengesInaddressingissueonlandownershipthefollowingchallengesneedtobemet:

Culturalchangetocopewithemergingissuesrelatingtoland.Goodwillinimplementationofrelevantlegislationthatsafeguardtheenvironmentsuchasriverbank,wetlandandspringprotection.

5.5.2StrategiesThefollowingstrategieswillbeemployedtomanageimpactsemanatingfromlandownershipandmanagementproblems:

StreamlinevariousActsandpoliciesrelatingtolanduseandownership.Intensifyeducationandawarenesscampaignsamongthevariousstakeholdersonappropriatelandusesandpractices

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5.6 Human–wildlife conflictIn the plan area, the human –wildlife conflict has increased due to grazing in the reserve, settlement in wildlife dispersal areas and destruction of crops and property by wildlife. The conflicts have intensified with time due to poormanagementofnaturalresourcesoutsideprotectedareaanditisstronglycorrelatedwithincreasedpoverty.Thisisintheformof:

LivestockpredationSubsistencepoachingCropdestruction

5.6.1InterventionMinimisehuman-wildlifeinteractionsandattendtoPACMinimise human activities in the official gazetted and protected areasDiversify and increase benefits to community accrued from tourism and conservation Establishlandusepracticescompatiblewithwildlifeorbiodiversityconservation

5.6.2StrategiesThe following strategies will be applied to address human wildlife conflict.

Community Education and awareness on conflict coping methods, and sensitisation on range management techniques,DevelopCompensationfordeath,injuryorlossofpropertyduetowildlifeinformofincentiveslikecommunitieslivingadjacenttotheprotectedareabeprovidedwithaccesstowaterresourceswithinthereserve and other conservation benefits,Undertakingenvironmentaleducationandawarenessprogrammethattargetsfarmers,schoolchildrenandteachers,adultlearnersandtheruralurbancommunity

Inadditiontotheenvironmentaleducationandawarenessprogrammetargetingthelocalcommunity,thereservemanagementwillundertakethefollowingactivities:

Developandimplementenvironmentaleducationprogrammedirectlylinkedtoissuesinthereserve.In collaboration with WWF, complete development of the resource and information centres within thereserve.PublishaguidebookontheNationalReserve.

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Lake Bogoria National Reserve infrastructure inventory and managementThissectiondealsspecificallywithLBNRissuesandtheneedtofocusthereservemanagementtorealiseitsconservationandmanagementobjectives.Infrastructureinventoryinthereservehasbeendoneandprescriptionofmanagementmeasurenecessaryforitsmanagementdocumented.

6.1 Infrastructure and facilities inventory6.1.1AdministrationandstaffaccommodationTheReserveHeadOfficeislocatedatLoboiandconsistsofanofficeblock,staffhouseswith2seniorstaffunitsand8juniorstaffunits.AtMajiMotooutpost,thereare2staffhousingunits,whereasatEmsosthereare4semipermanentsinglehousingunits.Inadditiontotheseisasinglegeneral-purposehouseatNyalilpuchviewpoint.Officespaceandstaffhousinginplaceisinadequate.

Anewgatewasconstructedaspartof the reserveboundary realignment,which iscurrentlydisused.All thereserveentrygatesareradioconnected.

6.1.2LakeBogoriaDrylandEnvironmentalEducationCentre.ThisEducationCentreequippedandsuppliedwitheducationmaterialsandakitchenunit,islocatednexttoLoboiGate.Itisusedinpromotingsustainableuseofnaturalresourcesthroughawarenesscreationamongthelocalcommunity,schoolsandvisitorstotheReserve.Itoffersthefollowingservices:

LecturesonLakeBogoriaecosystemtovisitors,schoolsandothergroups.Videoandslideshows.EnvironmentallessonsandTrainingonenvironmentalthemessuchasconservationofwildlife,wetlands,soilandwaterconservation,LakeBogoriaecosystem,agroforestry,amongothers.

6.1.3CurioshopsThere are several curio shops along the main road leading to the reserve, offering locally made handcrafts,papyrusmatsandotherartefacts.TheseincludeChelabaWomenGroupcurioshoplocatedoppositeLakeBogoriaHotel,

6.1.4CulturalCentersThereare twoculturalcenters,depictingTugenandEndoroiscommunitycultures.TheTugenculturalcenterdisplaystraditionalhomesteadsbuiltinTugenarchitecturaldesign,oldstoolsusedbyelders,andaviewpointandisabout15KmfromtheReservealongMarigat–Loboiroad.TheviewpointoffersapanoramicviewoftheareaincludingtheKiborgochSwamp.Traditionaldancesanddishesareviableatthecentreonrequest.TheEndoroisCommunityCulturalCentre is locatednear theReserveheadofficeandsimilarlyhas traditionalartifactsandresidenttraditionaldancers’troupes.

6.2 Accommodation Twocategoriesofaccommodationareavailable,inthereserveandoutsidethereserve.

6.2.1AccommodationinthereserveTherearethreecampsitesinsidetheReserve:

Acaciacampsite-about6KmbeyondtheHotSprings;RiversidecampsiteandFigtreecampsiteandTheLakeBogoriaDrylandEnvironmentalEducationCentrecampsite

6.2.2AccommodationoutsidethereserveHotelsLakeBogoriaHotel:Thisisa3starhotelwithprivatecottagesandseminarfacilities.Thehotelhasanaturalhealthspaandanormalcold-waterswimmingpool.

PapyrusInnandZakayo’sHotel:ThesearelowbudgetoutfitslocatedneartheReserveheadquartersandofferaccommodationandmeals.

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CampsitesTherearethreecampsoutsidetheReserve;

LoboiRivercampandpicnicsitenexttoLoboiRiverBridge,NETBONcampingsitenearMajiMotogateand,Emsoscommunitycamp.

6.3 National Reserve managementProcessesand impactsarising fromwithin the reserve, its immediateenvironsand thewidercatchmenthavenegatively affected the reserve, minimizing its significance as a wetland of international importance and astopoverformigratorybirds.The impactswithin thereservearedue to thereserve themanagementregimes,livestockgrazingandtourismactivities.

6.3.1InvasiveplantspeciesLackofmanagementinterventionsinthereservehasleadtoproliferationofinvasivespecies.Invasivespeciesmanagementrequireshabitatmanagementlikemechanicalremoval.Invasivespeciesareaseriousthreatinthereserve,especiallyaroundthemaingate,Wasegesriverinlet,SouthofLoburuhotspringsandMaweMoto.

Theimpactsofinvaderplantspeciesare:ReductionofforageforanimalsChangesinhabitatstructure,qualityandutilizationbyanimalsReductioninoverallbiodiversityPooranimalconditionduetotoxinsanddiseasesInfluence on animal species composition, distribution, home range sizes, recruitment and survival

6.3.2.SustainableconservationandmanagementrequirementsThenationalreservehasawidediversityofwildherbivoresindirectcompetitionwithlivestockgrazedinthereserve. This has resulted into confinement of wild herbivores to certain areas. The localization of these herbivores hasresultedinovergrazing,invaderspeciesincreaseandhighincidencesoflivestock-gamediseasetransmission.Forsustainablemanagementofthewildherbivoresthemanagementwill:

Identifykeyhabitatsfor:GrazersBrowsersMixedfeeders

IdentifythereservespeciesequilibriumManage habitats for specific wildlife species while retaining key biodiversity features of the reserve.Establishecosystemmanagementmonitoringprogrammes.

6.3.3ManagementactionsRehabilitatethegrasslandsatSandaiRivermoutharea,areasouthofLoburuspringsandMaweMotoarea.Stoplivestockgrazinginthereserve.RemoveandcontrolspreadofinvaderspeciesthroughmechanicalremovalorburningbetweenreserveheadquartersandNorthernshoreline.Determinereserveproductivity

6.3.4TourismThelong-termtourismobjectiveintheplanareaistodiversifytourismtoincreasetherevenuebaseandenhancetourismproductswhileminimizingenvironmentalimpactsoftourismthroughdiversificationofactivities.

Tourism management issuesVisitorstoLBNRconcentratearoundthehotspringsandfigtreeareas.Thiscreatesdisproportionatepressurearoundthesefragilesites.Therangeofvisitoractivitiesislowduetolackdiversificationandpoormarketingofotherpossibleactivitieswithinthereserve.LinkingthereservetoLakeBaringoandotherpotentialareasaroundMarigatandthecatchmentcanrelievethepressure.

Thequalityof serviceandproductofferedby the reserveand thehotels areadequate;but there is aneed topromoteother tourismattractions in theplanarea.Thecurrentvisitoraccommodationfacilitiesareadequate,howeverthecampsitesshouldberelocatedandrehabilitated.

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Tourism zoningWithinthereserve,someofthemostimportanttouristattractionsarelocatedinsensitivehabitatssusceptibletodegradationbyuncontrolledtouristactivities.Sensitiveareasincludethehotsprings,rivermouthsandsectionsofthelakeshoreline.Thereservewillzonedtoreducepressureonsensitivehabitatsasearlierdescribed.

Diversification of tourist activities Toencourageextendedstayandrepeatvisits,thefollowingactionswillbeundertaken:

Undertakeaninventoryofotherpotentialsitesfortourismandmarketthem.Developandmarkettheculturalsiteswithinthecatchment.Improvecurioshopsandtheirproductrange.Introducehikingandsafariwalksinthereserve.Relocateandrehabilitatethecampsiteattheeducationcentre.

6.3.5ResearchandmonitoringTheecologyoftheplanareasiseasilyimpactedbyextraneousfactorsespeciallythoseofanthropogenicorigin.Understandingtheecologicallinkagesintheplanareaisvitalinmakinginformedandjudiciousmanagementdecisions.Managementorientedresearchprogrammesshouldbe initiated toprovidegreaterunderstandingofresource interactions and to help managers respond appropriately to changes that may occur. Collaborativeresearchwithinthecatchmentwillbeencouragedtofacilitateinteractionsamongmanagers,researchersandthecommunity.Thefollowingprogrammeswillbeundertaken.

Ecological/environmental monitoring Thiswill includeenvironmentalattributes,ecologicalandsocioeconomic trends togeneratedata foranearlywarning system; and provide information to guide managers. Socioeconomic indicators to be monitoredinclude:

Catchmentlanduse,Projecteddevelopmentactivities,Livestockstockingrates,ExpansionofareasunderagricultureandLandcovertrends.

Theecologicalmonitoringprogrammeswillinclude:

PhysicalparametersMeteorology:Meteorologicalvariablescurrentlybeingmonitoredare rainfall, temperature, relativehumidity,evaporationandwindspeed.Morecommunitymanagedrainfallstationsshouldbeestablishedinthecatchment.

Lakelevelandriverflow:Thelakeandriverstaffgaugeswillberegularlyreadtocollectdata.

WaterqualitymonitoringAcollaborativeeffortwillbeputinplacetomaintaintheongoingwaterqualitymonitoringanddevelopawaterqualitydatabase.

Ecologicalmonitoring

AnimalcensusQuarterlyanimalcountswillbeundertakenonaregularbasistogenerateinformationonpopulationdynamicsandtrendsformanagementpurposes.Thiswillprovideinformationonhabitatutilizationpatterns,distributionandaidinsecuritypatrolsandmanagementofhuman-wildlifeconflict.

Waterfowlcounts.Thecurrentbiannualwaterfowlcountswillcontinueandinadditionemphasiswillbewet/drytransitionperiods.

HabitatmonitoringVegetationmonitoringtransectsandenclosuresare tobeestablishedandmonitored.Avegetation-monitoringprogrammewillbedevelopedinyearoneandcarriedduringdryandwetperiods.

FlamingoMortalitiesEpisodesoflesserflamingomortalitieshavebecomefrequentintheRiftValleyalkalinelakesandhavebeenattributedtoseveralfactors.Thelesserflamingohealthstatuswillbemonitoredandusedasabio-indicatoroftheecosystemhealth.Thismonitoringwillalsoincludephytoplanktondensities,waterqualityandquantity,physical,chemicalandbiologicalparameters.

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AmonitoringprogrammewillbedevelopedtocovertheRiftValleylakesinKenyaandLakeNatron.Thefactors,tobemonitoredare:

WaterqualityandquantityPhytoplanktondynamicsAlgaltoxins:microcystin-LRandanatoxin-AHeavymetalsandpesticidesconcentrationsinwater,sediments,algaeandwaterfowl.FlamingomovementsFlamingohealthandinfectiousdiseases

6.4 Reserve infrastructure maintenance and management6.4.1Buildings

Thereservebuildingswillbemaintainedandrehabilitatedtosuithumanhabitationstandards.EducationCentreAccommodationfacilitiesdormitories,ablutionblocks,kitchenanddinninghallwillbeconstructedtocaterforgroupsfromfar.

6.4.2RoadsTheexistingpermanentroadnetworkwillberegularlymaintainedduringtheplanperiod.TheCountyCouncilsofBaringoandKoibatekwillensurethisroadisprioritisedandincludedinthedevelopmentplansfortheDistricts.

6.4.3AirstripThecurrentnon-registeredairstripwillbegazettedandmaintained.

6.4.4CampsitesandPicnicsitesThesewillbemaintainedthroughouttheplanperiod.

6.4.5WatersupplyToaugmentwatersupplytostaffhouses,theclinicandtheneighbouringschools,thecollapsedpipelinetoLakeBogoriaHotelwillberehabilitatedandwaterKiosksprovidedforthelocalcommunity.Likewisethefreshwatersourceateachcampsitewillberehabilitated.

6.4.6VehiclesThereservehasnoreliabletransport,especiallyforfieldoperationsandgeneraltransport.Thecurrentreservefleetwillbemaintainedandadditionalvehiclespurchasedtoaddressthecurrenttransportshortage.

6.4.7CommunicationTheparkhasadequatetelephone,e-mailandradiocommunicationfacilities.

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Implementation strategy, institutional framework and stakeholder involvement

7.1 IntroductionThis chapter identifies key stakeholders anddescribes the framework for their involvement in the IntegratedManagement Plan (IMP) implementation and provides for linkages, legal framework and responsibilities ofthestakeholders.Thiswillbe inconformity toEnvironmentalCoordinationandManagementAct2000.ThisActprovidesa strategy for stakeholdercollaboration inenvironmentalmanagement throughestablishmentofenvironmentfocusedmanagementcommittee.Collaborativeparticipationprovidesforownership,commitment,resourcemobilizationandcollaborationwithdevelopmentpartnersandotherconservationagencies.

7.2 Implementation strategyTheimplementationstrategyofthishasthefollowingelements:-

InvolvementandcollaborationofstakeholdersintheimplementationoftheIMPanddevelopmentofproposalstoimplementtheIMP.ActiveconsultationandcollaborationamongststakeholdersAdaptivemanagementapproachintheIMPimplementationManagement programmes based on sound scientific findings.

The IMP implementation strategy is based on the ecosystem/catchment approach, collaboration and policymaking.

7.2.1Ecosystem/catchmentapproachThe currentLBNR management system is adhoc, sectoral and fails to consider the reserve as an integratedsystemwithseveralinterdependentcomponents.TheIMPimplementationwillbeguidedbytheecosystembasedapproach toenvironmentalmanagement,whichcalls for theplanarea tobemanagedasoneecologicalunit.Thereisneedtorecognizetheinter-linkagesbetweenthereserveanditsenvironsasenvironmentalissuesareinterlinkedandoftencrosscutting;andadoptacollaborativeapproachtoensureharmonizationandintegrationofconservationanddevelopmenteffortstorealizetheobjectivesofthisIMP.

7.2.2CollaborationImplementing this IMPwill involveestablishingcollaborationand linkagesamongst thevariousstakeholderstoensureconsensus in implementationandformulationofappropriatemitigationmeasures.This isnecessaryasthevariousissuesandchallengestheplanareaareintricate,crosscuttingandmultifacetedaffectingvariousstakeholdersandecosystemcomponentsindifferentways.Integratedapproachtonaturalresourcemanagementisonlysuccessfulifthereis:

Inter-agencylinkagestomanagement,Coordinatedinterdisciplinaryteamstoaddresschallenges,Inter-sectoralteamstoaddressimplementationstrategies,andStakeholderparticipationandsupporttoensuresuccess.

7.2.3PolicymakingStakeholders’ participation in the implementation of environmental decisions will help achieve communityempowermentandenhancepublictrust.Toaccomplishthiscoreobjective,thisIMPencouragesallstakeholderstoaccepteachotheraspartnersindecision-makingandpolicymakingprocess.Subscriptiontothisperspectiveinshapingandreachingdecisionswillgreatlybeguidedbyinstitutionalisingtheconsensus-buildingprocess.

7.3 Factors guiding development of institutional framework for the IMPDevelopinginstitutionalframeworktoimplementthisIMPwillbeguidedbythefollowingprinciples:

The conservation and sustainable use of natural resources in the plan area is influenced by social, cultural, economicandpoliticalfactorsthatmustbeconsideredexhaustively.Taking cognizance of existing linkages, policies and institutional frameworks that are influencing the conservationandmanagementoftheplanarea.Theneedtostrikeanoptimalbalancebetweenenvironmentalconservationandhumanlivelihoods.The need for multi-disciplinary and inter-sectoral teams to address conservation and socioeconomicdevelopmentissuesintheplanarea.

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7.4 Possible roles and responsibilities of the major stakeholders in the successful implementation of this IMP

7.4.1BaringoandKoibatekcountycouncilsThe twocountycouncilshaveauthority tomanage the reserveasprovided for in theWildlifeAct.Theyareresponsible forconservationofbiodiversityandnatural resourcesespeciallywithin theNationalReserveandhaveto:

EnsureecologicalintegrityofthereservethroughproperplanningandmanagementCoordinateandplayakeyroleinsupportingtheIMPimplementationSupportinitiativesoftheotherstakeholdersintheplanareaDevelop a way of incorporating research findings into management of the reserveEstablish strong network and take initiative in establishing collaboration with other stakeholders andgovernmentdepartmentsespeciallytowritejointproposalsforthesuccessfulimplementationofthisIMPPromoteresponsibletourismasanincome-generatingprojectintheplanarea.Promote scientific driven decisions.Havecontroloverdevelopmentsintheurbancentreswithinthecatchment.Developandputinplacedisasterresponsemechanisms

7.4.2ForestDepartmentTheforestdepartmentisresponsibleforconservationanddevelopmentofforestresourcesasstipulatedintheforestAct.InrespecttothisIMP,theforestdepartmentwillberesponsiblefor:

GuidingrehabilitationandconservationofcatchmentforestareasInitiatingandpromotingonfarmforestryControlling forest excision, fires and encroachment Interpretationoftheforestmasterplananditsimplement.EnforcingandpolicingconservationofthegazettedforestsasstipulatedintheforestAct.SecuringtitledeedsofforestlandsandownershipdocumentsUndertakingforestrelatededucation,awarenessandextensionservicesDevelopingintegratedforestmanagementplans.Providingaleadinforestresearch,monitoringandconservation.Developandputinplacedisasterresponsemechanisms.

7.4.3.MinistryofWaterandIrrigationThiswillberesponsibleforconservationofwaterresourcesasstipulatedintheAct,andwillensuretheWRMAisactiveto:

Ensureprotectionofriverbanks.Undertakeeducationandawarenessonwaterconservation.Monitorandenforcewaterqualitystandards.Apportionwaterresourcesthroughpermitsandlicenses.Gazettewatercatchmentareaswithinthebasin.EstablishandgazetteWaterUserAssociations.Interpretthewatermasterplantoallstakeholderswithinthecatchment.Maintainhydrologicaldataandactascustodiansofinformationanddatabaserelatedtowaterconservation.

7.3.4DistrictEnvironmentalCommitteeThiscommitteeisresponsibleforpropermanagementofenvironmentinthedistrictasstipulatedinEMCA.Theresponsibilitiesofthiscommitteewillbeto:

EnsureandsupporttheIMPimplementation.EnsuregazettementoftheplanimplementationcommitteeandprovideitslinktoNEMA.MobilizeresourcestoimplementtheIMPProvidelinkagesbetweengovernmentsectorsandotherstakeholdersActasanexecutiveorgantoensurealldevelopmentprojectsareenvironmentalfriendly

7.4.5DistrictDevelopmentCommitteeEnsureenvironmentalstandardsareadheredtoindevelopmentproject.Addresspovertyreductionissues.Coordinatedevelopmentprogrammesintheregion.

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7.4.6LocalprovincialadministrationEnforceenvironmentalregulationsontheground.ProvideanenablingenvironmentforIMPimplementation.

7.4.7NationalMuseumofKenyaDevelop,maintainculturalheritageandmonumentswithinthecatchmentareaCoordinate research and monitoring of flora and fauna especially that of water bird, invertebrates and plants.

7.4.8Non-governmentalorganizations.SupportintheimplementationofconservationanddevelopmentactivitiesCollaboratewiththecommitteesinoperationalisingtheplanEncourageformationofCommunityBasedOrganizationsMobilizeresourcestosupportimplementationoftheplan

7.4.9Community-basedorganizationsProvidenetworksandlinkagesbetweentheimplementationcommitteeandthegrassrootsMobilizecommunitysupportandparticipationMobilizeResourcesandundertakeeducationandawarenessParticipatorydevelopmentandimplementationofActionplans

7.4.10AgricultureDepartmentCoordinateagro-basedactivitiestocontrolsoilerosion,pollutionandsiltation.Provide relevant officers to be co-opted within the committeeIntegrate research findings into applied agriculturePromotegoodfarmingpractices

7.4.11InstitutionsofhigherlearningCollaboratewithotherstakeholderstodevelopproposalsforfundingUndertakeresearchactivitiesincollaborationwithstakeholders.IdentifyplantspeciesthatarepotentiallyharmfultotheenvironmentAssistinmonitoringoftrendsinthecatchment.Providetechnicalsupporttothecommittee.Undertake Training as resource persons and enhance capacity building for specific stakeholders.

7.4.12KenyaWildlifeServiceKenyaWildlifeServicewillprovidetechnicaladviceinaccordancetothewildlifeAct,throughtheLakeBogoriaJointManagementCommitteeofthismanagementplan.

7.5 The Plan implementation structureToimplementthisplanitisproposedthatanimplementationcommitteebeconstituted.ThiscommitteewillbecalledIMPImplementationCommitteeandwillbetheexecutivebodymandatedwiththeimplementationoftheManagementPlanasshowninFigure9.

7.5.1IMPSteeringcommitteeCommitteewillbecomposedofthefollowingstakeholders:

SeniorWardenLakeBogoriaNationalReserveTechnicalexpertfromKWS–DistrictWardenWWFEARPOrepresentativeClerkBaringoCountyCouncilClerkKoibatekCountyCouncilTreasurerBaringoCountyCouncilTreasurerKoibatekCountyCouncilProvincial officer - NEMATwoexpertsfrominstitutionsofhigherlearningwithknowledgeoftheplanarea(when need arise)

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7.5.2TermsofReferenceoftheSteeringcommitteeAs a starting point, the following is proposed as TOR that can be refined by the Committee.

Develop a framework defining its operationsInterpretthemanagementplanforpurposesofimplementationCo-ordinatetheimplementationofthemanagementplan.Co-ordinationofresearchMobilizeresourcesfortheplanimplementationEvaluatetheprogressofactivitieswithintheplanareas.Incollaborationwithotherstakeholders,developacodeofconduct,regulationguidelinesorby-lawsoftheforum.Identifyconstraintsintheprocessesofplanimplementation.Produceannualworkplansbasedonthemanagementplan.Recommendreviewofthemanagementplan.

7.6 Operationalization of the CommitteeStakeholderswillbemobilizedandholdmeetingtoconstitutetheplanimplementationcommittee.ThecommitteewillbefacilitatedtodevelopitstermsofreferenceandimplementationprogrammeThecommitteewilldevelopafundingproposalforimplementationoftheplan.

7.7 Risks and assumptionsStakeholdersremaincommittedandwillingtoparticipateintheplanimplementationAdequate resources (financial, human and equipment) will be mobilized to support plan implementation ThetwoCountyCouncilswillingnesstofacilitatetheinitialoperationalizationoftheplaninconjunctionwithotherstakeholdersWWFEARPOwillsupportthemanagementplanimplementationPoliticalgoodwillandstabilityprevailsInter-institutionalcoordinationandharmonyexists

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Monitoring and evaluation, activities and budget

8.1 Monitoring and evaluationMonitoringandevaluationwillbecontinuousthroughouttheplanperiod.Toguideevaluation,alog-frameworkwillbeinstitutionalized.Themonitoringcomponentwillinclude:

Evaluatingtheextentofacceptanceofthemanagementplanamongthestakeholdersandimplementers.Evaluatingtheimplementationofactivitiesbyevaluatingprogressreports,workprogrammesandworkplans,stakeholderinvolvementandparticipation.Monitorandevaluatetheimpactofmanagementprescriptions.Monitorbudgetallocations,expenditureandaccountingprocedures.MonitorandevaluatetheenvironmentalstatusoftheLakeanditscatchmentthroughuseofecological,socialandeconomicindicators.Monitorandevaluatetheresponsivenesstotheeducationandawarenessinitiatives.Monitorandevaluatetheextentofsecurityactivitiesinthereserve.

TheresponsibilityofmonitoringandevaluationlieswiththeplanimplementationcommitteeandthetwoCountyCouncilsmonitoringandevaluationunit.

8.2 Scheduled activities and outputsThisplanidentifiesactivitiesforthefirstfiveyearsandafterthisperiodactivitieswillbedrawnforsubsequentperiodsdependingonlevelofimplementationofactivitiesinthefirstfiveyears.

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Figure 9: The Proposed Management Plan Implementation Structure. (The structure is not hierarchical. The implementing committee can form other ad hoc committees as need arise)

District Development Committee

IMP Steering Committee

Government Lead Agencies NGOs and CBOs

Development PartnersDistrict Environment Committee

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LA

, MA

, MLF

, FD

Org

aniz

e w

orks

hops

for C

omm

unity

le

ader

sN

o. o

f wor

ksho

p or

gani

zed

in a

yea

r, 1

in a

yea

r, w

orks

hop

repo

rtsW

WF,

LA

8.2.

1Sc

hedu

led

acti

viti

es

2�


III. E

xpan

d hu

man

wild

life

confl

ict

& c

omm

unity

, dev

elop

men

t &

en

terp

rise

proj

ects

to u

pper

ca

tchm

ent

Est

ablis

h ty

pes

& c

onfli

ct in

tens

ityC

onfli

ct re

port

Rep

ort i

n pl

ace

by y

ear 1

LA, C

omm

unity

Form

ulat

e co

nflic

t miti

gatio

n m

easu

res

Miti

gatio

n st

atus

Rep

ort i

n pl

ace

by y

ear 1

LA C

omm

unity

, KW

S,

FD, W

RM

A, P

rov.

Adm

in

Iden

tify

com

mun

ity s

ocia

l pro

ject

sP

roje

cts

prop

osal

s in

pla

ce b

y ye

ar 2

No.

of p

ropo

sals

LA, C

omm

unity

Und

erta

ke c

omm

unity

soc

ial p

roje

cts

Type

of p

roje

ct in

pla

ce1

per c

onfli

ct z

one

LA C

omm

unity

Iden

tify

com

mun

ity e

nter

pris

e pr

ojec

tsP

roje

cts

prop

osal

s N

o. o

f pro

posa

lsLA

Com

mun

ity, D

onor

s

Impl

emen

t com

mun

ity e

nter

pris

e pr

ojec

ts

No.

of p

roje

cts

impl

emen

ted

1 pr

ojec

t per

yea

r & z

one

LA, D

onor

s, C

omm

unity

IV. R

eser

ve M

anag

emen

t

Hab

itat m

anag

emen

t (ve

geta

tion)

Iden

tify

key

habi

tats

and

est

ablis

h ca

rryi

ng c

apac

ity

Dat

aH

abita

t util

isat

ion

repo

rtK

WS

, UO

N, M

U, E

U,

WW

F, D

onor

s

Dev

elop

hab

itat m

anag

emen

t pr

ogra

mm

e (fi

re, M

echa

nica

l) to

mee

t re

serv

e go

als

Man

agem

ent p

rogr

amm

e re

port

1 P

rogr

amm

e re

port

KW

S, U

ON

, MU

, EU

, W

WF,

Don

ors

Impl

emen

t hab

itat m

anag

emen

t pr

ogra

mm

eP

rogr

amm

e pr

ogre

ss re

ports

Impr

oved

hab

itat

KW

S, U

ON

, MU

, EU

, W

WF,

Don

ors

• C

ontro

l bus

h en

croa

chm

ent

Bus

h co

ntro

l pro

gres

s re

port

Acr

eage

con

trolle

dK

WS

, UO

N, M

U,,

EU

, W

WF,

Don

ors

• O

pen

gras

s la

nds

Pro

gres

s re

port

Acr

eage

con

trolle

dK

WS

, UO

N, M

U, E

U,

WW

F, D

onor

s

• R

emov

e in

vasi

ve s

peci

esA

rea

cont

rolle

d pr

ogre

ss re

port

Acr

eage

rem

oved

KW

S, U

ON

, MU

, EU

, W

WF,

Don

ors

Dev

elop

wild

life

spec

ies

man

agem

ent

stra

tegy

S

trate

gy re

port

Pro

posa

l in

plac

e by

yea

r one

KW

S, U

ON

, MU

WW

F,

Spe

cies

Man

agem

ent

Kud

u, K

lip S

prin

ger a

nd o

ther

en

dang

ered

spe

cies

man

agem

ent

Pop

ulat

ion

of ta

rget

spe

cies

P

opul

atio

n gr

owth

of K

udu,

K

lip S

prin

ger a

nd o

ther

targ

et

spec

ies,

qua

rterly

repo

rts

KW

S, U

ON

, MU

, WW

F,

Don

ors

V. R

eser

ve M

aint

enan

ce &

m

anag

emen

t pro

gram

me

Com

plet

e S

taff

esta

blis

hmen

tC

adre

of S

taff

in p

lace

No.

of s

taff

recr

uite

dLB

NR

, LA

, KW

S, W

WF

Inst

itute

con

tinuo

us a

dapt

ive

Trai

ning

ne

eds

asse

ssm

ent

Ass

essm

ent r

epor

tN

eeds

iden

tified

LBN

R, L

A, K

WS

, WW

F

Und

erta

ke re

leva

nt tr

aini

ngN

o. o

f per

sonn

el tr

aine

dIm

prov

ed e

ffici

ency

LBN

R, L

A, K

WS

, WW

F

Enh

ance

con

tinue

d ca

paci

ty to

m

onito

r wat

er q

ualit

y riv

er le

vel a

nd

clim

ate

varia

bles

and

initi

ate

in u

pper

ca

tchm

ent

Dat

aIm

prov

ed e

nviro

nmen

tal

mon

itorin

gLB

NR

, LA

, KW

S, W

WF

Was

te m

anag

emen

t with

in re

serv

e an

d en

viro

nsP

rogr

ess

repo

rts o

n w

est

man

agem

ent

Was

te m

anag

emen

t pr

ogra

mm

es in

pla

ceLB

NR

�0


A. I

nfra

stru

ctur

e

(i) W

ater

sup

ply

Iden

tify

wat

er s

ourc

es &

und

erta

ke

wat

er d

istri

butio

n su

rvey

Dis

tribu

tion

map

for w

ater

sou

rces

&

poi

nts

Sou

rces

& d

istri

butio

n po

ints

ou

tlay

LBN

R, L

A, K

WS

, WW

F

Sup

ply

wat

er to

cam

p si

tes,

sta

ff ho

uses

, sch

ool &

clin

icW

ater

sup

ply

at d

esig

nate

d po

ints

Wat

er a

vaila

bilit

y w

here

de

sire

dLB

NR

, LA

, KW

S, W

WF

(ii) R

oads

Clo

se a

nd u

pgra

de a

s ne

cess

ary

Clo

sure

and

upg

radi

ngIm

prov

ed ro

ad n

etw

ork

LBN

R, L

A, K

WS

, WW

F

Rou

tine

road

mai

nten

ance

Mai

ntai

ned

road

s A

cces

sibl

e ro

ads.

LBN

R, L

A, K

WS

, WW

F

(iii)

Bui

ldin

gs &

hou

sing

Mai

nten

ance

of e

xist

ing

build

ings

and

pr

ovid

e st

aff a

ccom

mod

atio

n

Pro

vide

ade

quat

e of

fice

spac

e

Con

ditio

n of

bui

ldin

gs, a

ll R

ange

rs

hous

ed in

LB

NR

sta

ff qu

arte

rs b

y ye

ar 3

Offi

ce b

lock

read

y by

yea

r 4

Impr

ovem

ent o

f bui

ldin

gs,

impr

oved

hou

sing

for

Ran

gers

, im

prov

ed o

ffice

ac

com

mod

atio

n

LBN

R, L

A, K

WS

, WW

F

(iv) E

duca

tion

cent

re h

oste

lsC

onst

ruct

ion

50 b

ed h

oste

l and

as

soci

ated

faci

litie

sS

truct

ures

in p

lace

An

enha

nced

and

effe

ctiv

e ed

ucat

ion

prog

ram

me

LBN

R, L

A, K

WS

, WW

F

1. S

ecur

ityR

ange

r pat

rols

Qua

rterly

pat

rol r

epor

ts/O

B/

Rep

orte

d in

secu

rity

inci

denc

esR

eser

ve s

ecur

e/in

cide

nces

of

inse

curit

yLB

NR

, LA

, KW

S, W

WF

Inte

llige

nce

info

rmat

ion

gath

erin

gS

itrep

s re

ports

Tour

ist i

nsec

urity

min

imis

edLB

NR

, LA

, KW

S, W

WF

Pro

cure

men

t of s

ecur

ity e

quip

men

tE

quip

men

t in

plac

eC

onve

nien

t dat

a ga

ther

ing

LBN

R, L

A, K

WS

, WW

F

2. T

ouris

m(a

) Pro

mot

ion

Pro

duce

tour

ist i

nfor

mat

ion

mat

eria

ls

B

roch

ures

P

amph

lets

M

aps

Web

site

Type

and

num

ber o

f mat

eria

ls

prod

uced

& th

eir a

vaila

bilit

yIn

crea

se in

vis

itatio

n &

ap

prec

iatio

nLB

NR

, LA

, KTB

, KAT

O,

WW

F, K

WS

Dev

elop

oth

er to

uris

m fa

cilit

ies

Qua

lity

Faci

litie

s in

pla

ce1

of e

ach

faci

lity

read

y by

ye

ar 3

LBN

R, L

A, K

TB, K

ATO

, W

WF,

KW

S

(b) D

iver

sify

Tou

rism

Est

ablis

h To

uris

t fac

ilitie

sFa

cilit

ies

in p

lace

Rea

dy b

y ye

ar 2

LBN

R, L

A, K

TB, K

ATO

, W

WF,

KW

S

Feas

ibili

ty s

tudy

& d

esig

ns fo

r a s

afar

i w

alk

arou

nd

Pro

gres

s re

port

Saf

ari w

alk

repo

rtLB

NR

, LA

, KTB

, KAT

O,

WW

F, K

WS

Feas

ibili

ty s

tudy

for n

ight

gam

e dr

ives

Pro

gres

s re

port

Nig

ht g

ame

driv

e re

port

LBN

R, L

A, K

TB, K

ATO

, W

WF,

KW

S

Dev

elop

tour

ist c

ircui

t in

the

catc

hmen

tC

ircui

t rep

ort1

Rep

ort

1 re

port

LBN

R, L

A, K

TB, K

ATO

, W

WF,

KW

S

Est

ablis

h cu

ltura

l cen

treE

stab

lishe

d cu

ltura

l cen

tre1

cultu

ral c

entre

LBN

R, L

A, K

TB, K

ATO

, W

WF,

KW

S

Con

trol a

cces

s to

the

hot s

prin

gsN

umbe

r of i

ncid

ents

Red

uced

inci

dent

sLB

NR

, LA

, KTB

, KAT

O,

WW

F, K

WS

�1


(c) T

ouris

t Fac

ilitie

sC

onst

ruct

gua

rd ra

il at

vie

w p

oint

sG

uard

rail

in p

lace

Visi

tor s

afet

yLB

NR

, LA

, KTB

, KAT

O,

WW

F, K

WS

Ope

n ca

mps

ite a

t the

Nya

lilpu

ch

esca

rpm

ent

Cam

psite

est

ablis

hed

Incr

ease

d ca

mpi

ng fa

cilit

ies

LBN

R, L

A, K

TB, K

ATO

, W

WF,

KW

S

Dev

elop

nat

ure

trail

Trai

ls o

pene

dN

ew tr

ails

in p

lace

LBN

R, L

A, K

TB, K

ATO

, W

WF,

KW

S

Dev

elop

tour

ist i

nfor

mat

ion

cent

reW

ork

repo

rtsIn

form

atio

n ce

ntre

in p

lace

LBN

R, L

A, K

TB, K

ATO

, W

WF,

KW

S

3. C

omm

unity

Dev

elop

men

t and

C

atch

men

t Man

agem

ent

Initi

ate

com

mun

ity b

ased

dev

elop

men

t pr

ogra

mm

es in

the

uppe

r cat

chm

ent

and

enha

nce

ongo

ing

low

er c

atch

men

t co

mm

unity

bas

ed d

evel

opm

ent

prog

ram

mes

Pro

gres

s re

ports

on

com

mun

ity

deve

lopm

ent,

repo

rts o

n co

mm

unity

in

com

e an

d po

verty

leve

ls

Impr

oved

com

mun

ity in

com

e le

vels

Com

mun

ity C

BO

s,

NG

Os,

GO

K,

Dev

elop

men

t par

tner

s

Reh

abili

tatio

n of

deg

rade

d si

tes

in b

oth

uppe

r and

low

er c

atch

men

t are

asN

umbe

r of s

ites

reha

bilit

ated

and

th

eir s

tate

Impr

oved

env

ironm

ent a

nd

sust

aina

ble

livel

ihoo

dsC

omm

unity

CB

Os,

N

GO

s, G

OK

, Hig

her

lear

ning

and

rese

arch

in

stitu

tions

Afo

rest

atio

n (o

n fa

rm tr

ee p

lant

ing)

No.

of s

eedl

ings

pla

nted

Incr

ease

in tr

ee c

over

FD, C

omm

unity

,

Cam

paig

n ag

ains

t pol

ythe

ne a

nd

plas

tics

Red

uced

litte

ring

Cle

an e

nviro

nmen

tC

omm

unity

, LB

NR

Con

stitu

te L

and

use

plan

ning

team

to

co-o

rdin

ate

land

use

Team

in p

lace

Min

imiz

ed la

nd u

se c

onfli

cts

Sta

keho

lder

s &

GO

K

Riv

er b

ank

reha

bilit

atio

nR

ehab

ilita

tion

prog

ress

repo

rtre

duce

d si

ltatio

nM

EN

R, C

omm

unity

Soi

l ero

sion

con

trol

Soi

l con

trol m

easu

res

in p

lace

Red

uced

silt

atio

n &

ero

sion

ME

NR

, lan

d ow

ners

, W

WF,

CB

Os

Con

trol W

ater

abs

tract

ion

from

rive

rs &

gr

ound

wat

erW

ater

regu

latio

n re

port

Sus

tain

ed ri

ver fl

owM

EN

R, C

omm

unity

, S

take

hold

ers

Pro

mot

e E

nerg

y co

nser

vatio

n (J

ikos

)N

o. o

f hom

este

ads

usin

g en

ergy

sa

ving

Jik

osR

educ

ed u

se o

f fue

l woo

dC

omm

unity

CB

Os,

N

GO

s, G

OK

Sur

face

runo

ff ha

rves

ting

alon

g ro

ads

No.

of p

eopl

e in

volv

ed ,

dam

s &

Ta

nks

in p

lace

Red

uced

ero

sion

, silt

atio

n &

ab

stra

ctio

n of

wat

erC

omm

unity

CB

Os,

N

GO

s, G

OK

Initi

ate

long

term

mon

itorin

g pr

ogra

mm

e on

land

use

, rai

nfal

l and

riv

er fl

ow

Dat

aD

etec

tion

of tr

ends

KW

S, U

ON

, MU

�2


4. R

eser

ve Z

onat

ion

Dev

elop

a z

onat

ion

map

Map

in p

lace

Map

LBN

R

Clo

se a

cces

s ro

ads

to E

aste

rn &

w

este

rn s

hore

line

exc

ept a

t the

de

sign

ated

obs

erva

tion

poin

ts

Roa

d cl

osed

Min

imiz

ed v

isito

r im

pact

/ha

bita

t rec

over

yLB

NR

Clo

se a

cces

s to

San

dai r

iver

mou

th

Acc

ess

clos

edS

ecur

ed h

abita

t & im

prov

edLB

NR

Clo

se u

nnec

essa

ry ro

ads

in th

e R

eser

veR

oads

clo

sed

Sec

ured

hab

itat &

impr

oved

LBN

R

Con

stru

ct a

rais

ed ra

il to

con

trol v

isito

r cl

ose

prox

imity

to L

obur

u ge

yser

sFa

cilit

y in

pla

ceS

ecur

ed h

abita

t & im

prov

edLB

NR

• Cat

chm

ent Z

onat

ion

Iden

tify

fragi

le a

reas

(Ste

ep s

lope

s,

low

land

s fra

gile

soi

ls, r

ainf

all z

ones

)A

reas

iden

tified

Frag

ile a

reas

repo

rtA

ll st

akeh

olde

rs,

land

owne

rs

Pro

tect

frag

ile h

abita

tsA

reas

pro

tect

edS

ecur

ed h

abita

tA

ll st

akeh

olde

rs,

land

owne

rs

Iden

tify

land

use

type

sM

ap in

pla

ceC

atch

men

t lan

d us

e zo

nes

Res

earc

h In

stitu

tions

, LB

NR

Qua

ntify

env

ironm

enta

l im

pact

s of

va

rious

land

use

type

sD

ata

Impa

cts

quan

tified

by

land

use

Res

earc

h In

stitu

tions

, LB

NR

Soc

io e

cono

mic

sur

vey

Dat

aS

ocio

-eco

nom

ic c

ateg

orie

s id

entifi

edR

esea

rch

Inst

itutio

ns

5. R

esea

rch

To s

treng

then

man

agem

ent t

hrou

gh

gene

ratio

n of

sci

entifi

c in

form

atio

n by

I. U

nder

taki

ng e

colo

gica

l mon

itorin

g

I. Ec

olog

ical

mon

itorin

g

Vege

tatio

n m

onito

ring

Rep

orts

on

vege

tatio

n tre

nds

Vege

tatio

n tre

nds

repo

rts

Pro

gram

me

in p

lace

1 re

port

@ y

ear

LBN

R, W

WF

Col

lect

met

eoro

logi

cal d

ata

Mon

thly

repo

rtsTr

ends

in m

eteo

rolo

gy

esta

blis

hed

LBN

R, W

WF

Col

lect

ion

of R

iver

and

lake

leve

lsQ

uarte

rly p

rogr

ess

repo

rtsTr

ends

in ri

ver fl

ow a

nd la

ke

leve

ls e

stab

lishe

dLB

NR

, WW

F

Ani

mal

cou

nts

Qua

rterly

repo

rtsTr

ends

in w

ildlif

e dy

nam

ics

esta

blis

hed

LBN

R, W

WF

Wat

erfo

wl c

ount

sQ

uarte

rly re

ports

Tren

ds in

wat

erfo

wl

popu

latio

ns e

stab

lishe

dLB

NR

, WW

F

II. H

abita

t Mon

itorin

gII.

Hab

itat M

onito

ring

Vege

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Appendices

Appendix 1: Trees and shrubs of Lake Bogoria National Reserve and its environsScientific Name Common Name Local Name Scientific Name Common Name Local NameBoscia angustifolia Linto Opuntia opuntia Prickly cactus MatunchiateAcacia milliner Hook thorn Ngorore Warbugia ugandesis SokeGrecian villas Mokuywe Grevia bicolor SiteweCasaba farinose Imbirikwo Rrhus natalensis Red currant SiriandeVaries glomeration Chepkoriande Acacia tortilis Umbrella thorn SesiaAcacia militia Egyptian thorn Chepiywe Aloe secundiflora Aloe TangaretweAcacia deficient Barsule Maema angolense CheboskeweCumbersome aculeate Kamsalawa Kigelia africana Sausage RotinwoGrecian tuna Toronwe Calotropis procera Elephant apple LopusakiiCappers trascularis Korobuywe Cordial ovalis cordia TembererweCumbersome hereroense Miskitwe Acalypha indica Walbeyon/

jepnondosSalvadora persica Toothbrush tree Sokotoiwo Aclyrantha aspera ChesirimBalanite aegyptiaca Desert date Ngoswe Albublin spp. Kipnyali/kiptulwaAcacia brevispiza Wait-a-bit thorn Gornista Boscia salicifolia KuriondeCasaba edulis Eidumeitolyon Cucumis spp SolopchesinyAlchornea fruticosa Lokurwe Euphorbia tirucalli Finger euphorbia KormotwoCissus rotundifolia Rorowe Maerua triphylla RosonBerchemioa discolor Wild almond Muchukwe Ludwigia spp. ChepchorusionCommiphora samharansis Kelepmoi Lycium europaeum Kipyambatia

/kipnagetEuphorbia scartina Ele Gardenia ternifolia KipbulwoCommiphora edulis Masian Albizia amara KotutwoCroton dischogamus Kelelwe Commifora africana TolginySterculia stenocapa Mukoywo Acacia gerrardii SibeldiAdenum venenata Sotoplekech Olea europaea Brown olive TemtitAdenum obesum somalensis

Simbalwe Pappea capensis Kibiriokwo

Lannea triphylla Tabuye Solanum nignum SojonteAlbizia anthelmintica Barmukunte Syzygium gguineense/

cordataLomoiwo

Terminalia brownee Koloswo Lanea fulua LelitAspragus africana Tobororwe Dodonaea angustifolia/

viscosahopbush Tibilibkwo

Cumbersome molle Cumbersome Chepchopoiwo Ocorea kenyesis KipnagetAcacia senegalis Gum Arabic

thornChemange Tarchonanthus comphoratus Lelekwet

Dichrostachy cinerea Tinet Carrisa edulis LegetetwetZiziphus macronata Buffalo thorn Noiwet Pisticia aethopica tuldaEuphorbia candlebrum Kunes Ficus thonningii Strangler fig SimotweOrmocarpum kenieuse Chemoyukobil Phyllantus zepialis Ariab lakwaAcacia ceyal White thorn Lengne Crateva adansonii KolewonHaplocoelum foliotosum Kokonte Lantana camara KetipDiospyros scabra Tuwetye Meyna tetraphyila TilingwoCissus quadringularis Sungurtutwe Terminalia spinosa TukuwemetZanthoxylum chalybeum Knob wood Kokchante Acacia drepanolobium Whistling thorn NgoweMaema subcordata Chepuluswo Premna resinosa Britapta/kekechMaema decumbens Monogwo Arundinalia alpina Mountain bamboo TegandeAcacia hockii Tilatilie Vanguemia madagascarensis KomolweTarmarindus indica Tarmarind Orwe Ficus sycomorus Sycomore fig Lokoywe

��


Appendix 2. Lake Bogoria National Reserve checklist of mammals

Common name Scientific name Remark

Greater kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros Threatened

Cape buffalo Syncerus caffer Rarely seen

Impala Aepyceros melampus rendilis Common

Grants gazelle Gazella granti Common

Dikdik Rhynchotragus kirki Common

Klipspringer Oreotragus oreotragus Rare

Blue duiker Cephalophus caeruleus Rare

Yellow – backed duiker Cephalophus silvicultor Rare

Anubis baboon Papio anubis Common

Leopard Panthera pardus Very rare

Serval cat Felis (Leptailurus) serval Very rare

Wildcat Felis (Sylvestris) libyca Very rare

Common waterbuck Kobus ellipsiprymnus Rare

Wart hog Phacochoerus aethiopicus Common

Bush pig Potamochoerus porcus Common

Common jackal Canis aureus Common

Spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta Rare

Stripped hyena Hyaena hyaena Rare

Bat-eared fox Otocyon megalotis Rare

Burchell’s zebra Equus (Hippotigris) burchelli Common

Patas monkey Erythrocebus patas Rare

Vervet monkey Cercopithecus pygerythrus Common

Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus Rare

Aardvark Orycteropus afer Rare

��


Appendix 3. Lake Bogoria National Reserve checklist of birdsCommon Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific NameCommon Ostrich Struthio camelus Jackson’s Francolin Francolinus jacksoniLittle Grebe Tachibuptus ruficollis Crested Francolin Francolinus saphaenaBlack necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis Black Crake Amaurornis flavirostrisGreat-white pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus Grey Crown Crane Balearica regulorumCattle Egret bubulcus ibis Black-winged Stilt Himantopujsn himantopusStriaed/Green-backed Heron butorides striatu Pied Avocet Recurviurosta avosettaLittle Egret Egretta garzeta Spur winged Lapwing Vanellus spinosusGredy Heron Ardea cinerea Crowned Lapwing Vanellus coronatusBlack-headed Heron Ardea malanocephala Black-headed lapwing Vanellus tectusHamerkop scopus umbretta Kittlitz’s plover Charadrius pecuariusYellow-billed stork Mycteria ibis Three-banded plover Charadrius tricollarisWooly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus Common ringed plover Charadrius hiaticulaMarabou stork Leptoptilos crumeniferus Lesser sandpiper Chandarius mongolusSacred ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus Little Bee-eater Merops pasilliusHadada ibis Bostrychia hagedash Cinammon-chested Bee-eater Meros oreobatesGlossy ibis Bostrychia falcinellus European Bee-eater Merops apiasterGreater flamingo Phoenicopterus rubber Madagascar Bee-eater Merops superiliosusLesser flamingo Phoenicopterus minor Lilac breasted Roller Coraciass caudateEgyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiacus Green Wood Hoopoe Phoeniculus purpureusSpur- winged goose Plectopterus gambensis African Hoopoe Upupa AfricanaKnob–billed duck Sarkidiornis melanotos Red- billed Hornbill Tockus erythrorhynchusWhite –faced Whistling Duck Dendrocygna viduata Von der Deckens Hornbill Tockus deckeniCape Teal Anas capensis Jackson’s Hornbill Tockus jacksoniYellow-billed Kite Milvus parasiticus African Grey Hornbill Tockus nasutusAfrican fish eagle Haliaeetus vocifer Red-fronted Tinkerbird Pogoniulus pusillusAfrican Harrier-Hawk Polyboroides typus Red-fronted Barbet Tricholaema diademataAugar buzzard Buteo augur Black throated Barbet Tricholaema melanocephalaCommon buzzard Buteo buteo White -headed Barbet Lybius leucocephalusMontangu’s Harrier Circus ranivorus d’Arnaud’s Barbet Trachyphonus darnaudiiDark Chantineg Goshhawk Melierax metabates Red and Yellow Barbet Trachyphonus erythrophalusGabar Goshhawk Micronisus gabar Lesser Honeyguide Indicator minorTawny Eagle Aquila rapax Nubian Woodpecker Campethera nubicaSteppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis orientalis Cardinal Woodpecker Dendropicos fuscescnsVerreaux Eagle Aquila verreauxii Bearded Woodpecker Dendropicos namaquusMartial Eagle Polemaetus bellicosdus Grey Woodpecker Dendropicos goertaePygmy Falcon Polihierax semitorquatus Fischer’s Sparrow Lark Eremopterix leucopareiaPeregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus Rock Martin Hirundo filigulaHelmeted Guinea fowl Numida meleagris Plain Martin Riparia paludicolaRed-rumped Swallow Hirundo fuligula Sand Martin Riparia ripariaLesser striped swallow Hirundo abyssinica African scops-owl Otus senegalensisBarn swallow Hirundo rustica Verreaux’s eagle-owl Bubo lacteusWire-tailed swallow Hirundo smithii Pearl-spotted owlet Glaucidium perlatumAfrican pied wagtail Motacilla lutea Little swift Apus affinisCommon bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus White-rumped swift Apus cafferAfrican thrush Turdus pelios Mottled swift Apus aequatorialisIsabelline wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka Nyanza swift Apus niansaeSported morning Thrush Cichladusa guttata Eurasian swift Apus apusGrey-baked camaroptera Camaptera brachyuran Speckled mousebird Colias striatusSouthern black flycatcher Melaenornis pammelaina Blue-naped mouse bird Urocolias macrourusAfrican grey flycatcher Bradornis microrhynchus Red-faced mouse bird Urocolias indicusSilverbird Empidornis semipartitus Grey-headed kingfisher Halcyon leucocephalaRufous chatterer Turdoides rubiginosus Woodland kingfisher Halcyon senegalensisNorthern pied babbler Turdoides hypoleucus Malachite kingfisher Alcedo cristataWhite-bellied tit Parus albiventris African pigmy kingfisher Ispidina pictaNorthern grey tit Parus thruppi Beautiful sunbird Cinnyris pulchellaRed-throated tit Parus fringillinus Eastern violet-backed sunbird Anthreptes orientalisRuff Philomanchus pugnax Common fiscal Lanius collarisCommon sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Long-tailed fiscal Lanius cabanisiWood sandpiper Tringa glareola Grey-backed fiscal Lanius excubitoroidesGreen sandpiper Tringer ochropus Slate-coloured boubou Laniarius funebris

�0


Common greenshank Tringa nebularis Brubru Nilaus aferMarsh sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis Black-backed puffback Dryoscopus cubiaSpotted redshank Tringa erythropus Nothern White-crowned shrike Eurocephalus rueppelliLittle stint Calidris minuta Fork-tailed drongo Dicrurus adsimilisCurlew sandpiper Calidris ferriginea Pied crow Corvus albusCommon snipe Gallinago gallinago African black-headed oriole Oriolus larvatusLichtenstein’s sand grouse Pterocles lichtensteinii African golden oriole Oriolus auratusAfrica green-pigeon Treron calva Red-billed oxpecker Buphagus erythrorhynchusSpeckled pigeon Columba guinea Ashy starling Cosmopsarus unicolorEmerald-spotted wood-dove Turtur chalcospilos Ruppell’s long-tailed starling Lamprotornis purpuropterusNamaqua dove Oena capensis Magpie starling Speculipastor bicolarRing-necked dove Streptopelia capicola Supurb starling Lamprotornis superbusRed-eyed dove Streptopelia semitorquata Wattled starling Creatophora cinereaAfrican mourning dove Streptopelia decipiens House sparrow Passer domesticaLaughing dove Streptopelia senegalensis Chestnut sparrow Passer eminibeyWhite-belied go-away-bird Corythaixoides leucogaster Grey-headed sparrow Passer griseusWhite-browed coucal Centropus superciliosus White-browed sparrow-weaver Plocepasser mahaliWhite-billed buffalo-weaver Bubalornis albirostris White-headed buffalo-weaver Dinemellia dinemelliNorthern masked weaver Ploceus taeniopterus Pin-tailed whydah Vidua macrouraSpeke’s weaver Ploceus spekei Straw-tailed whydah Vidua fischeriJackson’s Golden-backed weaver

Ploceus jacksoni Steel-blue whydah Vidua hypocherina

Red-headed weaver Anaplectes rubriceps Village indigobird Vidua chalybeateRed-cheeked cordon-bleu Uraeginthus bengalus African citril Serinus citrinelloidesBlue-capped cordon-bleu Uraeginthus cyanocephalus Streaky seedeater Serinus striolatusRed-billed firefinch Lagonosticta senegala

�1


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�2


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App

endi

x 5:

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ark

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regi

me

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natio

n

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ount

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nstit

utio

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ram

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nstit

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Appendix 6: Laws supporting Integrated Management Planning (IMP)Laws,regulations,policiesandconventionsarenecessaryfortheharmonizationofmulti-sectoralinterestsandpractices in conservation and management of the plan area. These laws give mandate to stakeholders, localcommunity, local authorities, government departments and development partners in implementing the plan.Observance of these laws will enhance participatory approach in decision–making, ecosystem approach inmanagementandprovidelegitimacytostakeholderinvolvement.ItisimportanttonotethattheselawsarenotexclusiveandotherrulesandregulationscanbedevelopedintheformofcodesofconductandbylawsthatwillimproveconservationandmanagementinLakeBogoriacatchment.

EnvironmentalmanagementandcoordinationAct(EMCA)Thelawisbasedontheprinciplethateverybodyisentitledtoahealthyandcleanenvironment. Section42,pertinenttotheimplementationofthisplandealswithwatercatchmentconservationwhereassection29subsection3dealswiththeestablishmentoflocalEnvironmentalCommittees.

SocialserviceslawsonregistrationofCBO’sThisActwillprovidefortheregistrationofCBO’sandempowerthemtocontributetotheimplementationofthemanagementplan.Itwillalsoprovideforthelawsandregulationsthatgoverntheiroperations.

Non-GovernmentalOrganisations’(NGO)registrationActThisActwillprovidefortheregistrationofNGOs,thelawsandregulationsthatgovernthem.AcoordinatedNGOfrontprovidesgreatopportunitiesforresourcemobilizationandoptimumutilizationoftheseresourcesforthebenefitofstakeholders.

TheWildlife(ConservationandManagement)ActThisistheprincipalActregulatingwildlifeconservationandmanagementinKenya,andprovidesguidelinesforwildliferesourcemanagementintheplanarea.TheActestablishesNationalReservesandstipulatespermissibleactivitiesinsidethereserve.

TheWaterActThewaterActseekstoprovidebetterconservation,control,apportionmentanduseof thewaterresources inKenya,and-forpurposesincidentaltheretoandconnectedtherewith.TheActvestsownershipandcontrolofwaterintheGovernmentsubjecttoanyrightsofuser.Underthisprovision,therefore,WaterDepartmenthastheresponsibilitytoregulateaccess,use,andcontrolpollutionofwaterresources.

TheAgricultureActTheAgricultureActCap318oftheLawsofKenyaseekstopromoteandmaintainastableagriculture,toprovidefortheconservationofthesoilanditsfertilityandtostimulatethedevelopmentofagriculturallandinaccordancewiththeacceptedpracticesofgoodlandmanagementandgoodhusbandry.

TheForestActTheForestsAct,Cap385oftheLawsofKenyaprovidesfortheestablishment,controlandregulationofforestsandforestareasinKenya.TheAct,therefore,appliesnotonlytostateplantationsandlandcontrolledandmanagedbytheForestryDepartmentforresearchpurposesorforestablishmentofcommercialtimberplantations,butalsoareaswhichhavebeensetasidefortheconservationoffaunaandflora,forthemanagementofwatercatchmentarea,forthepreventionofsoilerosionorfortheprotectionandmanagementofindigenousforestsonalienatedGovernmentland.

TheLandPlanningActThe Land Planning Act Cap 303 of 1968 of the Laws of Kenya makes provision for planning the use anddevelopmentofland.Sec6(1)ofthesubsidiarylegislationprovidesthat“a local authority may, after consultation with, and with the agreement of the Minister, prepare and submit to the Minister for his approval a town plan or area plan, as the case may be, for that part of the area under its jurisdiction to which these regulations apply.”

PhysicalPlanningActThisActprovides for thepreparationand implementationofphysicaldevelopmentplansandestablishes theresponsibilityforthephysicalplanningatvariouslevelsofGovernmentinordertoremoveuncertaintyregardingtheresponsibilityforregionalplanning.TheActalsopromotespublicparticipationinthepreparationofplansandrequiresthatinpreparationofplansproperconsiderationbegiventothepotentialforeconomicdevelopment,socio-economic development needs of the population, the existing planning and future transport needs, the

��


physical factors which may influence orderly development in general and urbanization in particular, and thepossibleinfluenceoffuturedevelopmentuponnaturalenvironment.

EnvironmentalImpactAssessment(EIA)This act requires any new development to be an environmental impact assessment to minimise negativeenvironmentalimpacts.

LandControlActCAP406Thislawprovidesforthecontroloftransactionsinagriculturalland,especiallythemachineryoftheLandControlBoards

TheLocalGovernmentActCAP265ThislawempowersalocalauthoritytoapplythroughtheMinisterforlandtomeetitsdifferentdevelopmentpurposes. Such requests and purposes are deemed to be public purposes within the meaning of the LandAcquisitionAct(Cap295).Suchalocalauthoritymay,withinsuchland,establishandmaintainaconservationarea.Itmayalsotakemeasuresnecessaryforthepreventionorcontrolofbushfiresorquarryingforminerals,sandgravel,clay,orstones.

TheKenyaTouristDevelopmentCorporationActThisregulatestourismistheKenyaascontainedintheTouristDevelopmentCorporationActCap382oftheLawsofKenyawhichestablishesKTDCasaparastatalbody.ThefunctionsoftheKTDCinclude,inter alia, provisionoftravel,expeditionoftours,whetherhunting,fishing,photographyorotherwise.Thecorporationmayalsoplanthedevelopment,preservation,orstudyofthewildandnaturallife,floraandothervegetation.

TouristIndustryLicensingActThesisterstatutetotheKTDCActistheTouristIndustryLicensingActCap381oftheLawsofKenyadealsprimarilywiththelicensingoftourismactivities.

�7


Appendix 7: Participation in development of Integrated Management PlanDetailed list of participants at first brainstorming meeting to develop a strategy for the development of amanagementplanforLakeBogoriaNationalReserveheldon19April2002atWWF-EARPOBoardroom.

Name OrganizationDr. Kelly West IUCN EAROEdmond Barrow IUCN.EARODr. Patr�ck M�l�mo WWF-EARPOHusse�n Cheburet Clerk Ko�batek County Counc�lW�ll�am K�mosop Sen�or Warden LBNRMaushe K�dundo WWF-LBCBWPM�chael Kangogo WWF-LBCBWPMusa Cheru�yot WWF-LBCBWPOl�ver Nas�rwa WWF-LBCBWPAnderson Koyo KWS ((absent w�th apolog�es)Dr. Nathan G�chuk� NMK (absent w�th apolog�es)

Detailedlistofparticipantsduringthe1stplanningworkshopheldatLakeBogoriaHotelconferenceroomon5-6May2003.

W�ll�am K�bet Ch�ef, Ko�bos Locat�on P. O. Box 121 Mogot�o, Kenya W�ll�am Lorukot� Counc�lor S�nende Locat�on P. O. K�sanana, Kenya Justus Tanu� Ag. DSDO 0�1-7�207� Cheburet K�ptu� Secretary, LEPC Ko�tu�met P .O. Box 121 Mogot�o, Kenya W�lson Chesang Counc�lor Ko�batek P. O. Box 121 Mogot�o, Kenya Bernard Chepku� Cha�rman Maj�moto LEPC P. O. Box 121 Mogot�o, Kenya M�chael K�mel� Cha�rman Fr�ends of Nature Bogor�a P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, Kenya K�prot�ch Kobetbet Counc�lor. Kamar Ward P. O. Box 121 Mogot�o, Kenya Geoffrey Chepkuto Cha�rman LEPC Lobo� P. O. �� Mar�gat, Kenya S�meon Komen Ag. Ch�ef S�nende Locat�on P. O. K�sanana, Kenya Joseph Kuru� Cha�rman LEPC Olkokwe P. O. K�sanana, KenyaJames K�ptek Sen�or Ch�ef Lobo� Locat�on P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, Kenya James K�bowen Ch�ef Kapnosge� Locat�on P. O. K�sanana, Kenya Samuel K. Kabeto Ch�ef Olkokwe Locat�on P. O. K�sanana, Kenya Kibos S. J District Environment Officer, Baringo 053-21870 R. J Seronei (Mrs) District Forest Officer, Baringo 053-22055 Kabarnet, Kenya J. Chepsat Cha�rman LEPC Sanda� P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, Kenya M�chael Chepkuto Ch�ef Sanda� Locat�on P. O. Box 1�0 Mar�gat, Kenya R. Kembo� Ass�stant Manager, Lake Bogor�a Hotel P.O.Nachuru Warden, LBNR P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, Kenya Joseph K�bet Counc�lor Lobo� Ward P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, Kenya M. C. Sang DSCO Ko�batek P. O. Box 71 Eldama Rav�ne S. K. Kitony District Water Office P. O. Box 218 Eldama Ravine J. Kairu DALEOs Office P. O. Box 4 Kabarnet Kimeu Musau District Water Office P. O. Box 31 Kabarnet Peter Ke�tany Clerk to Counc�l Bar�ngo County Counc�l P. O. Box �� Kabarnet, Kenya J. Karato Project Adv�sory Comm�ttee Member P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, Kenya Kunga N Project Officer, Natural Resource Planner P. O. Box 43 Marigat, Kenya She�lah Cheburet FA Lobo� P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, Kenya John Bereke FA Sanda� P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, Kenya Evans K�pkembo� FA Ko�bos P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, Kenya Job K�prop FA S�nende P. O. Box �� Mar�ga, Kenya Musa Cheruiyot Project Officer-EE & CD P. O. Box 43 Marigat, Kenya Maushe K�dundo Project Manager LBCBWP P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, Kenya Ko�ma Ben T�ong’�k Cha�rman, LEPC S�nende P. O. K�sanana, KenyaFab�an Mus�la Project Ecolog�st –WWF P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, KenyaHusse�n Cheburet Rep. to Clerk Ko�batek County Counc�l P. O. Box 1� Eldama Rav�ne, Kenya Irene J. Cheb�� Counc�lor, Lobo� Ward P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, KenyaCounc�lor Moses K�mel� V�ce-Cha�rman Ko�batek County Counc�l P. O. Box 1� Eldama Rav�ne W�ll�am Tengecha World V�s�on Mar�gat, KenyaW�ll�am K�mosop Sen�or Warden, LBNR P. O. Box �� Mar�gat, KenyaP. K. K�soyan Lake Bar�ngo GEF Project P. O. Box 111 Mar�gat, KenyaJulius Zephania Lands Officer-Loboi P. O. Box 7 Kabarnet, KenyaDav�d Chelugo Cha�rman-Bar�ngo County Counc�l P. O. Box �� Kabarnet, KenyaSamuel Kas�tet LEPC Cha�rman Kapku�ku� P. O. Box �7 Mar�gat, Kenya Asukile R.Kajuni Facilitator P.O. Box 105994 Dar es Salamm, Tanzania

��


Programme for 3rd Planning Workshops for Presentation of proposals to all stakeholders 19th – 23rd January 2003

January 2004 Venue Stakeholders19 Dryland EE centre, Loboi Loboi, Sandai, Kapkuikui, Majimoto, + Marigat Officers20 County Council Chambers, Kabarnet GoK officer, NGOs, County council of Baringo chief officers + All counc�llors of Jo�nt Management Comm�ttee21 Kapnoskei Centre Sinende, Kapnoskei, Olkokwe, + Kisanana officers22 District Education Hall, Eldama Ravine GoK officer, NGOs, County council of Koibatek chief officers + All counc�llors of Jo�nt Management Comm�ttee23 Nakuru, Nyahururu, Nyandarua Site visits and discussions with GoK officers

List of participants during 3rd Planning Workshop for Presentation of proposals by all Stakeholders held at Lake Bogoria Dryland Environmental Education Centre on 19 January 2003

Maushe K�dundo Project Executant WWF Musa Kimaru Land Adjudication Officer, Loboi Ministry of Lands and Settlement James K�ptek Ch�ef Lobo� Samwel Chelal V�ce Cha�rman K�borgoch Swamp Comm�ttee Paulo Chepk�rwok LEPC Kapku�ku� Locat�on Irene Cheb�� Nom�nated Counc�llor County Counc�l of Bar�ngo Jackson Borch�ke� LEPC Lobo� Locat�on Joseph Cheru�yot LEPC Kapku�ku� Locat�on Sal�na Wendot Treasurer Sanda� Women Group W�lson Chebot�b�n LEPC Kapku�ku� Locat�on R�chard Kamuren Member Bogor�a Moran Dancers Jackson K�bon LEPC Lobo� Locat�on Symon Chesang Techn�cal Ass�stant Veter�nary Department, M�n�stry of Agr�culture Joseph Cherut�ch Ass�stant Ch�ef Kapku�ku� Locat�on W�ll�am Kapyeko� Cha�rman Bogor�a Moran Dancers R�chard Yegon Cha�rman K�borgoch Swamp Comm�ttee W�lson Karato LEPC Lobo� Locat�on El�jah K�ptero� Ass�stant Ch�ef Lobo� Locat�on K�prot�ch Kobetbet Counc�llor Ko�bos Ward Stephen Koech LEPC Ko�bos Locat�on John Bereke F�eld Ass�stant WWF Jonathan Tere�to Zonal Cha�rman World V�s�on, Mar�gat Paul K�pkoros LEPC Ko�bos Locat�on M�chael Chepkuto Ch�ef Sanda� Locat�on Samwel Ke�tany Ch�ef Kapku�ku� Locat�on Kas�tet Samwel Cha�rman LEPC Kapku�ku� Locat�on Rael K�ptek Cha�rlady Sanda� Women Group Geofrey Chepkuto Cha�rman LEPC Lobo� Locat�on Joseph K�pkurere Secretary LEPC Sanda� Locat�on Jackson Chepsat Cha�rman LEPC Sanda� Locat�on Evans K�pkembo� F�eld Ass�stant WWF John Changole LEPC Sanda� Locat�on Samson K�pta� LEPC Sanda� Locat�on Joseph Wendot Ass�stant Ch�ef Sanda� Locat�on Mary Mbelel Lobusak�e Women Group Festus K�pt�sha F�eld Ass�stant WWF Kunga Ngece Project Officer NRM Samwel K�pta� LEPC Sanda� Locat�on Dan�el Chepku� Cha�rman LEPC Ko�bos Locat�on

Freshwater Programme CoordinatorWWF Eastern Africa Regional Programme Office (EARPO)P.O. Box 62440–00200Nairobi, Kenya

Telephone: 254 20 3877355 / 3872630,Fax: 254 20 577389E mail: [email protected]: http://www.panda.org

Chief WardenLake Bogoria National ReserveP.O. Box 64–30403Marigat, Kenya

Telephone: 254 (0)51 2211987E mail: [email protected]

lake bogoria national reserve - wwfassets.panda.org/downloads/lake_bogoria_management_plan.pdfv...

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