FOUR SEASONS AND RESPONSIBILITY: WATER IN ITS DIFFERENT FORMS

LAKE PÄIJÄNNE ON ITS WAY TO A RESPONSIBLE TOURISM DESTINATION

Päivi Halinen/ Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment for Central Finland/ICRT

10.6.2016/CRTD

CONTENTS• The Preconditions of the lake Päijänne

to be developed as a responsibletourism destination>The history of the lake Päijänne>Nature values>Cultural heritage values>Recreation and Tourism

• The UNESCO Biosphere conceptWhy lake Päijänne?

FINNISH BIG LAKE• Over one million Finns drink daily the water of the

Lake Päijänne in the Metropolitan area of Helsinki.

• The second biggest lake in Finland, it is alreadynow an important area in terms of living, recreation, tourism, other livelihood and research

• Päijänne could be more important waterbasin, the importance of which in economic and humanwellbeing could grow to a totally new level

Tähän Auliksen Päijännekorkokuva

THE HISTORY

There are ninetransversal crushedzones from south-east to north-west, terefore there are a lot of bays at the lake Päijänne. The baysare very fjordlike and very deep. The oldestof these crushes, Kellosalmi crush in Kuhmoinen and Padasjoki, is 1646 million years old.

• The biggest Basin of the lake Päijänne is Tehinselkä. It will freezeapproximately a couple of days before Christmas. The ice will melt about10.5., but there is more and more variation.

• Biggest islands are Virmailansaari, Salonsaari, Judinsalo, Onkisalo, Paatsalo, Muuratsalo, Haukkasalo and Vuoritsalo. The number of islands is 1889.

• Päijänne has been an important route for travelling for thousands of years. It has been used in hunting and fishing. It has been an important frontier for Bothnians and karelians, which has been utilized by both. It has beenimprtant route for tugboats and cruisers for over 150 years.

Näkymä Päijänteelle MuuratsalonKonttivuorelta pohjoiseen.

Four eras of the lake PäijänneHakkari & Saukkonen 1998, Meriläinen ym. 2001

• Pre industrial era 1800-1920• Era of contamination 1920-1969• Era of serious wastewater damages 1970-81• Era of water protection 1982-

LAKE PÄIJÄNNE WATER QUALITY

1969 2000

Habitat types

Lake Päijänne NatureHabitat types: coniferousforests, rocksMäyrämäki hill/mountainMuuratsalo Paljaspää

Anna Uusitalo, Elina Lehtinen

Typical for Päijänne are coniferousforests on glasiofluvialesker sands. Also deciduousforests exist.

Shoreline habitat types: sandy beaches, pebbly shores, cliffs

Shoreline habitat types: sandy beaches, pebbly shores, cliffs

Anna Uusitalo, Liisa Horppila-Jämsä

Hazel (Corylus avellana) in its northernmost site and Alpine saxifrage (Saxifraga nivalis) in one of its southernmost sites

There are three nationalparks: in Leivonmäki National park is dominated by bogstypical and the biggest one, Haapasuo consists of activeraised bogs (below), transition mires and quaking bogs (right) and many other bog formations

Isojärvi National park in Kuhmoinen:Huhtala traditional farmand historically valuable

material from former fishing cultureLiisa Horppila-Jämsä

Päijänne national park, Pulkkilanharju –eskerformation,the park consistsof several eskerIslands and is accessible byboatsSaija Silen

Protected areas in the lake Päijänne

National Parks• Leivonmäki 2900 ha• Isojärvi 1900 ha• Päijänne 1400 haTotal 6200 ha

Natura 2000 – network of conservation areas

• 78 nature reservesTotal 44200 ha

Total of protected areas50400 ha(possible core area)

Cultural heritage values in the lake Päijänne, archeological sites: Rock paintings, Lapp cairns

Built Cultural HeritageSäynätsalo town Hall byAlvar Aalto (below) Kivikoski, national ”Golden age” artist Pekka Halonen`s summer atelier (1916-1933) at Arvajan reitti landscape area, Kuhmoinen (right)

Traditional rural biotopes, part of important cultural heritage

The Chain of Struve site,

listed as UNESCO World CulturalHeritage site, year 2005 Puolakka, Oravivuori ”mountain”

Recreation by private boat is a Finnishway to relax. Municipalities and Paijänne recreation fund buy places for common recreation use. Many recreationsites are accessible both by boat and alsofrom land

Mämminiemi recreation site is owned byJyväskylä municipality

Leisure time at your ownsummer cottage and saunais one of the major ways of recreation in Finland

Autumn season could bring new possibilities for nature based tourism.

We still have fourseasons, but Tourism based on snow and ice cover maybecome challenginig

Spring timeChallengingSeasonfor Tourism

THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ONRECREATION AND NATURE BASED TOURISM• Recreation and Tourism activities

based on snow and ice becomemore vulnerable

• The period of the year used for snow and ice based activities mayshorten (Cross country skiing, skating on natural ice

• Tourism at Summer season can benefit from climate change

• There will be need for moredetailed knowledge and databaseabout climate change scenarios and their possible impacts

• Monitoring the changes and trendsof nature tourism and recreationneeds systematic information, based on inventories

THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON NATURE BASED TOURISM AND RECREATION

• The importance of nature reserveswill increase >ecological corridors

• Pressure on areas used mainly bysummer time will increase. ´Theyneed proper infra, paths, fire places, guidance,

• Hiking routes and routes for canoeingwill be needed. They should beproperly marked and eguipped

• Need for managment in the naturereserves will increase

WHY BIOSPHERE CONCEPT?

Biosphere areas aremodel/Testing areas forsustainable developmentUnder UNESCO´sMAB programme

The functions of Biosphere Area• conservation in situ of natural and semi-natural ecosystems and landscapes

• the establishment of demonstration areas for ecologically and socio-culturally sustainable (land and) resource use; and

Conservation Sustainable development

Logistic support

The provision of logistic support for research, monitoring, education, training and information exchange related to conservation and sustainable development issues

•Conservation in situ of natural and semi-natural ecosystems and landscapes

• The establishment of demonstration areas for ecologically and socio-culturally sustainable (land and) resource use;

Planning Päijänne biosphere with Swen-Erik Magnusson fromSweden, year 2007,

In Sweden the biosphere areas/reserves are regardedas tools for regionaldevelopment.

The state funds the planningof the biospheres.

There are five existingbiospheres in Sweden and more to come.

Finland and Sweden havegood cooperation already in different fields of livelihood

Keski-Suomen ympäristökeskus / Anna Uusitalo / PÄIJÄNNE-hanke 14.6.2016 31

Green meat – naturally grazed beef

The key concept for saving valuable nature areas in the agricultural landscape is through the production of “green meat” from cattle that graze these species-rich semi-natural grasslands. The meat is then sold as naturbeteskött (naturally grazed beef).

• An umbrella for accelerating synergy and co-ordination of different activities in thearea

• International and national recognition of the area and the natural and culturalheritage values

-branding of the area in themarketing (e.g. tourism)

• Increasing interest towards the area>increased funding possibilities and investment

• More research opportunities for fundingand international cooperation

Added Value fromthe biosphere area?

Co-operation with other Biosphere areas

• Research co-operation between schoolsand universities concerningresponsible tourism

• Student Exchange between countries

• Sharing good ideas, innovation, working together

• Possibilities for enterprises to exportenvironmental knowledge, capacity building, products, (eg. Climate change)

Thank You!

http://www.ymparisto.fi/fi-FI/Luonto/Suojelualueet/EtelaAfrikkaan_perustettiin_biosfaarialu(35524)