lake victoria basin modeling and forecasting severe weather

27
1 CAS Technical Conference on Responding to the Environmental Stressors of the 21st Century Antalya, Turkey, 1819 November 2013 Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather Pascal F. Waniha

Upload: vananh

Post on 01-Jan-2017

217 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

1

CAS Technical Conference on Responding to the Environmental Stressors of the 21st Century 

Antalya, Turkey, 18‐19 November 2013 

Lake Victoria BasinModeling and Forecasting

Severe Weather

Pascal F. Waniha

Page 2: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

Lake Victoria BasinLake Victoria Basin

• LVB 

is 

the 

social‐economic 

nerve 

center 

for 

EA 

(Burundi, 

Rwanda, 

Kenya, 

Tanzania, Uganda) – 30 to 40 million

• Mainly 

rain 

fed 

agricultural 

economy 

with 

LV 

supplying 

fish 

as 

major 

part 

of 

the diet 

• Lake Victoria also provides hydroelectric 

energy and relatively inexpensive 

form 

of 

transportation

• Geopolitical 

significance 

of 

LVB 

as 

the 

source of the White Nile

• Lake 

level 

Key 

Factor 

in 

the 

formulation 

of 

the 

new 

Transnew 

Trans‐‐boundary boundary 

water sharing treaty for Nile basin.water sharing treaty for Nile basin.

2

Page 3: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

Severe Weather and Water Currents

Lake Victoria is one of the region with the highest density of  lightning in the world. 

Global distribution of lightning strikes observed by the TRMM satellite. (From 

Zipser et al. 2006). 

Lake Lake 

VictoriaVictoria

Page 4: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

TRMM Lightning Climatology

Page 5: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

Water Spout Entebbe‐Uganda (Dec 14, 2009; 

potential hazard for marine navigation over 

Lake Victoria

Severe Precipitation, Winds & Water Currents(3000 (3000 ––

5000 Lost Every Year)5000 Lost Every Year)

Page 6: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

Severe Weather

•• The The fishing industry on Lake fishing industry on Lake Victoria Victoria is a is a leading natural resource leading natural resource for the people of East Africa and for the people of East Africa and 

is worth hundreds of millions of dollars in domestic consumptionis worth hundreds of millions of dollars in domestic consumption

and export. and export. 

•• Marine transport accidents associated with the industry cause mMarine transport accidents associated with the industry cause more than ore than 30003000‐‐5000 deaths every year5000 deaths every year, , 

which represents an unacceptable level of loss of life. which represents an unacceptable level of loss of life. 

•• Most of these accidents have been Most of these accidents have been attributed to attributed to hazardous hazardous weather conditions and water currentsweather conditions and water currents

in the in the 

lake. The objective under this research theme is to partner withlake. The objective under this research theme is to partner with

the NWP research and operational the NWP research and operational 

communities to develop an early warning system. communities to develop an early warning system. 

Page 7: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

“WMO Executive Council (EC) recommended that a World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) project be considered for the Lake Victoria Watershed that would include a test-bed for field campaigns to collect data for research to understand the dynamics over the lake in order to reduce disaster from water spouts, waves, and wind gusts that affect both lake transport and fishermen who rely on the lake for their livelihoods. The EC further noted the potential linkages with the SWFDP for Eastern Africa."

WMO Executive Council charge to WWRP

Page 8: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

8

SEVERE WEATHER FORECAST DEMOSTRATION PROGRAM 

(SWFDP)

SWFDP AimsImprove severe weather forecasting, Improve lead time 

and reliability of warnings, Improve interaction of  NMHSs with media and with disaster management and 

civil protection authorities,

SWFDP‐East Africa ‐

Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda

•Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) Nairobi ‐

lead centre

•Regional Forecasting Support Centre (RFSC) Dar es Salaam o coordinates and provides specialised products from high‐resolution NWP 

(LAM) over Lake Victoria. 

Page 9: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

Vision for forecast dissemination.....

Met OfficeGGU

Kenya(Cross region)

Tanzania(Lake Victoria) 

Rwanda

Uganda Burundi

Ethiopia

South Sudan

ConsensusSupport

Collaboration

Page 10: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

The terrain is complex and near the equator…

200km

CHALLANGES

Page 11: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

13

CHALLANGESComplexity of the Bathymetry of the Lake  

Climate Model, Semazzi et. all 2012

Page 12: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

14

CHALLANGESUnevenly Rainfall distribution over the lake (dipole)

Semazzi et. all 2012

Page 13: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

Lake Victoria High resolution 4km version of the Met Office Unified Model

Courtesy of Caroline Bain

Page 14: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

Lake Victoria Validation of model: Case study 17th December 2012

4km modelGlobal model Observation s

MSG Satellite OLR 17/12/2011 0600UTCT+18 forecast T+18 forecast

• The global model was able to indicate that some event might take

place, but the 4km 

model was able to add detail to the case and increase forecast confidence

• The 4km model is able to represent fine scale processes in a more explicit way. Due to 

the size of the grid points, it is also able to represent small scale events in more detail 

than the global model

• We still need skill in the global model as the 4km relies on it for large scale forcing

Page 15: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

Sensitivity of Rainfall Pattern on LSTSensitivity of Rainfall Pattern on LSTNo Obs LST 

for model 

validationto be 

obtained via 

HyVIC RT#5

Modified LST

LST in 

Standard WRF 

Configuration

No Observed 

LST

TRRM 

(observed) 

rainfall

Rainfall DistributionIn standard 

WRF RCMASK XIA

Rainfall Distributionwith modified 

LST in WRF 

RCM

Page 16: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

Day vs NightDaytime Nighttim

e

ActiveInactive

Page 17: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

OBSERVATIONS NEEDED Radar and Buoys for monitoring the lake conditions

Page 18: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

The Lake Victoria Project  Proposal

1.

The Nowcast System2.

The SWFDP3.

The Field Project4.

Capacity Building

Four Components

Page 19: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

Objectives of WWRP LVP1)

Develop a scientific field project to understand 

the dynamics of the lake and severe  thunderstorms

2) Capacity build to establish a research and 

operational legacy 

3) Develop a prototype sustainable nowcasting 

system for East Africa, particularly over the Lake

– Implementation of the nowcasting system within the 

context of the existing Severe Weather Forecast 

Demonstration Project 

– Verification and validation of the nowcasts using the 

field project.

Page 20: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

The Field Project• Meteorological 

Understanding• Scientific Validation• Statistical Verification

Red Stars –

surveillance radar

White Stars – hi res radar, dual‐

doppler

Blue Star 6 – IOS

Blue Star 4 –

Upper Air Station

Yellow – Met Stns

Page 21: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

Proposed Combined SWFDP/WWRP  Project TimeLine

Field campaign

Inception

Sat Demonstration

Implementation

Capacity and Forecast System Build

2016

2018

2014

NWP Demonstration

No Gaps!Engagement of users

Page 22: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

Hydroclimate Project for Lake Victoria Basin  (HYVIC)

Hydroclimate Project for Lake Victoria Basin (HYVIC)Fredrick Semazzi –

HyVic International Planning Committee (Chair)

Rosalind Cornforth, University of Reading, Helen Houghton‐Carr, CEH/NERC, Caroline Bain, 

UKMO, Ricard Anyah, U. of Connecticut, Rita Roberts, NCAR/UCAR, Lian Xie, North Carolina 

State University, Laban Ogallo, Climate Prediction and Applications Centre (ICPAC), Pascal 

Waniha, Tanzania Meteorology Agency (TMA)Andrew Githeko, Kenya Medical Research 

Institute, Felix Mutua (Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology) –

HyVic 

International Planning Committee (Members) 24

Page 23: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

CEOP         GHP

29

Baltic Sea Experiment (BALTEX) Northern Eurasia Earth

Science Partnership (NEESPI)

Monsoon Asian Hydro-Atmosphere Science

Research and prediction Initiative

(MAHASRI)

Climate Prediction Program for the Americas

(CPPA)

Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment

in Amazonia (LBA)

La Plata Basin (LPB)

African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis

(AMMA)

HYdrological cycle in the Mediterranean EXperiment

(HYMEX)

Murray-Darling Basin (MDB)

Mackenzie GEWEX Studies (MAGS)

GEWEX Asia Monsoon Experiments (GAME)

Current RHP'sFormer RHP'sProspective RHP's

GEWEX REGIONAL HYDROCLIMATE PROJECTS

Regional water cycles

Terrestrial Regional North AmericanHydroclimate Experiment (TRACE)

Proposed Hydroclimate 

Project for Lake Victoria 

Basin (HYVIC)

Proposed GEWEX GHP Proposed GEWEX GHP HyHydroclimate Project droclimate Project for Lake for Lake VicVictoria Basin (HYVIC)toria Basin (HYVIC)

25

GEWEX is a core project of WCRP 

on Global Energy & Water 

Exchanges

GHP: A GEWEX 

Hydroclimate Panel

Page 24: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

Past & Projected Climate Past & Projected Climate  (lake levels)(lake levels)

• Persistent past decline & projected  reversal and increase

•• This phenomenon is the Eastern‐

Central African climate change 

paradox –

‘‘Lake Victoria Basin Lake Victoria Basin 

Climate Change ParadoxClimate Change Paradox’’

• Likely to have profound implications 

on LVB sustainable development for 

more than 35 ‐

40 million people 

RegCM downscaled rainfall for 20712071‐‐21002100

used as input for the Tate et al (2004) WBM to 

compute the LL. (Smith, 2011); evaporation is 13.5% above present  level based on A2 

scenario.  Thus projection is 2 meters above present lake levels. (Kara et al, 2013)

Past & Projected Lake Victoria LevelsPast & Projected Lake Victoria Levels

Projected Lake 

Levels

13 meters: 196013 meters: 196011 meters: 201011 meters: 2010

14 meters: 210014 meters: 2100

20702070 21002100

19001900 20102010196196

00

North Carolina State UniversityNorth Carolina State University

26

Page 25: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

WCRP HyVIC Science Plan

Page 26: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

Understanding  

Lake Victoria 

severe weather 

Capacity Building R&D, Met, Tech

Linkages of WWRP Lake Victoria Field Project

Developing, testing 

and verifying Severe 

Weather Warning  

System

WCRPHYVIC

Field Program Phase 1Phase 2

UKMO 4 km Model, etcEUMETSAT / GOES‐RUK LightningLocal Radar if available

NSF and University Field 

Facilities 

Severe Weather 

Forecast 

Demonstration 

Project

WWRPLake VictoriaField Project

Mobile Weather

Alert

NHMS’

UniversityUniversity

Page 27: Lake Victoria Basin Modeling and Forecasting Severe Weather

Thanks Tesekkur

Ederim

Asante Sana

30