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5 - CGC 1P1 STUDY NOTES: Seasons…
The earth is turning or ROTATING on it’s ______ which gives us day and night. It also in ORBIT around the sun.
As the earth rotates, it’s not in a perfect position.
When you spin a top, initially the top spins so that it remains level, but the earth, just like a top that starts to slow down, tilts. This gives us our seasons. The consistent fact is that the earth’s axis always points to the North Star
Our planet is divided into what are called . There are TWO HEMISPHERES:
Hemisphere (Area north of the equator)
Hemisphere (Area south of the equator)
When the earth is tilted so that the Northern Hemisphere is closer to the sun, we here in Canada have and in the Southern Hemisphere they have .
DATES TO REMEMBER…
As the seasons change certain dates become important. These dates are for the NORTHERN HEMISPHERE:
•September : Atumnal Equinox – Day and night are equal•December : Winter Solstice (Shortest Day)•March : Vernal Equinox – Day and night are equal •June : Summer Solstice (Longest Day)
NOTE: These dates vary slightly every year.
Seasons in the Hemispheres
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I know what season it is…
BASEBALL SEASON!!! Go Jays!
LOCATING PLACES ON MAPS! Pages
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Grid Systems: A grid is made up of two sets of parallel lines, horizontal and vertical. We find
things where these lines cross.
are excellent examples of a grid system we use on maps in
Geography and we will talk more about these shortly. Let’s start with something more basic.
A Grid
This kind of grid uses along one edge and along the other to
find points on a map. Have you ever played Battle Ship?? If you have you’ve seen this kind of
grid.
On page 28 in your text you will find an example of this type of grid.
In an Alphanumeric Grid you put the first then you put the .
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13 14 15 16
L
M
N
O
These types of grids are good if you want to find a general area of something and are often used
on maps so you can find something quickly but they are not overly accurate.
Map Grid or Grid
This Type of grid uses on both the Horizontal and Vertical edges to locate places
on a map.
Numbers of the VERTICAL lines as you go from West to East. This is referred to
as: . The HORIZONTAL lines increase from to and
this is called NORTHING.
A location is listed by putting the EASTING number first, then the NORTHING number after.
FOUR-DIGIT GRID REFERENCE:
In this case number represents the vertical grid line and the column to the
right of it
The line represents the horizontal grid line and also the row above it
The two together give us a on the map
Give the Four Digit Grid Reference for: 1- 2- 3-
4- 5- 6- (if you were not in class, see the
powerpoint)
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In this case EASTING number represents the vertical grid line and the column to the right of it
The NORTHING line represents the horizontal grid line and also the row above it
The two together give us a SQUARE on the map
Give the Four Digit Grid Reference for each Number shaded in…
SIX-DIGIT GRID REFERENCE:
Allows us to give a more or location by dividing each box into
“ ” and then you estimate a more exact location rather than a
as a location.
Give the Six-Digit Grid Reference for the letters:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
(If you were not in class see the powerpoint for answers)
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE – Video notes
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Allows us to give a more accurate or exact location by dividing each box into “Tenths” and then you estimate a more exact location rather than a full box area as a location.
Give the Six-Digit Grid Reference for the letters A,B,C,D and E
If the Earth were flat, rectangular coordinates (x,y) would be sufficient to describe the locations of points on its surface. However, Earth is a sphere with no sides, and a special frame of reference is needed. The poles of Earth provide this reference frame.
Lines of Latitude EQUATOR – an imaginary line that divides the Earth into 2 equal parts (Northern & Southern hemispheres) • Are imaginary lines • The Equator is the starting point for latitude lines • Measure the distance North & South of the Equator • Lines are drawn around the Earth, parallel to the Equator • Lines never intersect each other • Lines are approximately 111 km apart
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Latitude & Longitude
• Lines may be used as political boundaries
PRIME MERIDIAN – an imaginary line that divides the Earth into 2 equal parts (Eastern & Western hemispheres) • Are imaginary lines • The Prime Meridian is the starting point for longitude lines • The International Date Line is the 180 degree meridian • Measure the distance East and West of the Prime Meridian • Lines are drawn from the North Pole to the South Pole • Lines converge at the poles and are furthest apart at the Equator • Longitude lines are longer than latitude lines • Lines are used to determine time zones
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Arctic Circle
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
Equator
Antarctic Circle
ABSOLUTE LOCATION – the location of a point on the Earth using latitude and longitude lines Using the latitude & longitude grid we can pinpoint any place on the Earth. This location is specified by a series of numbers
degrees minutes seconds 44 25 14 N
Using Latitude and LongitudeTo find your exact location on a map, you need to determine which latitude line and which longitude line meet where you are standing. When writing locations, the latitude is given first. Miami, Florida has a location of 250 North and 800 West. This is usually written in short form as 250N 800W.
Give the latitude and longitude of the objects positioned on the grid below.
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50 W 40 W 30 W 20 W 10 W 0 10 E 20 E 30 E 40 E 50 E 50 N
40 N
30 N
20 N
10 N
degrees
1. Beaver ____________________
2. Maple Leaf _________________
3. Moose ____________________
4. Wolf ______________________
5. Seal______________________
6. Racoon ___________________
7. Polar Bear _________________
TIME ZONES!
Is time really different on different places on the earth??
Not really. Time is ___________ in reality, however, in order to make
life easier, we adjust it according to local conditions.
Local time is important because we base our lives on ______ days, and
in early times we would work ________________________________.
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Are you ready to race??
Canada has ________ time zones! So when you go to bed in
Newfoundland at 10pm, well in Vancouver B.C. you may just be having
dinner or coming home from work at 5:30pm!
What are time zones?
A Canadian named _________________________ came up with the idea of time
zones in the 1880’s so that the time day depends on the location and position of the
sun. There are ________time zones across the world since the world rotates one
complete rotation in 24 hours. Since the earth rotates through _____ ̊ (degrees) in
24 hours, it then rotates through ____ ̊ of longitude every hour. Each time zone is
then 15 ̊ wide. Every place within a time zone shares the _________ time.
Why do we need time zones?
We need time zones because we judge the time of day by the _______. When it is
3:00 pm for us on a Friday afternoon for example, we know that it should be day
time. So can it be 3:00pm for Australia at that very same time? No. In Australia it
would be ____________________, or about 5:30am. This is all according to when
the ___________________________.
TIME ZONES… Continued
Where do we find Universal Time?
We find Universal time at the _______________________, or the center of the
time zone system.
How do we know if we are ahead or behind of Universal Time?
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If you move __________of the prime meridian, every ______ degrees you move
one hour ________________. For every _____degrees West you shift one hour
_______________________ the time at the Prime Meridian.
Do all countries use the time zone system?
________________ now observe time zones, however some countries may modify
time zones to accommodate ___________________ so that your neighbourhood or
home does not fall directly on a time zone boundary.
Canada has ___________________, Ontario is very large and falls
into_______time zones but to keep things simple, the time zone is shifted slightly
west to avoid too much confusion and only a small part of Ontario changes time
zones.
THE INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE: This is on the opposite side of the world as
the Prime Meridian and when you cross it, you change the DATE as well as the
TIME.
You Sunk My Battleship!Instructions
a) Draw the following ships onto your grid, either vertically or horizontally (don’t show your partner)
1 Air Craft Carrier – 5 squares
1 Battleship – 4 squares
1 Submarine – 3 squares
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1 Cruiser – 3 squares
1 Destroyer – 2 squares
b) With a partner take turns calling out the gird reference (i.e. 3080 – bottom left corner box). When a grid reference is called, each player must tell whether it is a “HIT” or a “MISS”. When a reference includes a whole ship, that ship sinks. If only part of a ship is hit, the remaining parts must be called out before the ship is sunk.
c) Both players keep track of their calls on their target grid (where you’re shooting) and on their ocean grid (where your opponent is shooting)
d) The first player to sink the other players’ ships, wins!
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Target Grid
Ocean Grid
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30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
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