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F&IU(LALG)R

Machinery, People, Load, Method

Machinery – LA

• “Lifting appliance” means a crab, winch, teagle, pulley block

or gin wheel used for raising or lowering, and a crane,

sheerlegs, excavator, pile driver, pile extractor, dragline, aerial

ropeway, aerial cableway transporter or overhead runway,

and also any part of any such appliance.

Winch (絞車)Crab (起重滑車)

Machinery – LA

Teagle (捲揚機) Pulley Block (滑輪組)

Gin Wheel (吊重輪)

Sheerlegs

(腳架起重機)

Machinery – LA

Crane (起重機)

Machinery – LA

Excavator (挖掘機)

Pile Driver (打樁機)

Machinery – LA

Pile Extractor (拔樁機)

Dragline (拉索挖機)

Machinery – LA

Aerial Ropeway (架空纜車)

Overhead Runway (架空軌道)

Machinery – LA

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Machinery – LAF&IU(LALG)R

Machinery – LA

F&IU(LALG)R

Machinery – LAF&IU(LALG)R

Machinery – LA

F&IU(LALG)R

Machinery – LG

• “Lifting gear” means a chain sling, rope sling, ring or similar

gear, and a link, hook, plate clamp, shackle, swivel or eyebolt.

Chain Sling (鏈式吊索) Rope Sling (纜吊索) Ring (環圈)

Machinery – LG

Latch

Link (鏈環) Hook (吊鈎)

Plate Clamp (板鉗)

Shackle (鈎環)Swivel (轉環) Eyebolt (有眼螺栓)

Machinery – LG

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Machinery – LGF&IU(LALG)R

Machinery – LG

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Machinery – LA & LG

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People

• Personnel related to the lifting operation include “competent

examiner”, “competent person”, “operator”, “signaler” and

others working nearby.

F&IU(LALG)R

People

Load

F&IU(LALG)R

Method

F&IU(LALG)R

Code of Practice

Safe Use of Cranes

CoP – Safe use of Crane

• Selection of Crane

• Kinds of Crane

• Safety Precaution

Selection of Crane

• Weights and dimensions of loads

• Heights of lift

• Distance / Area of movement

• Frequency of lifts

• Length of time

• Site condition (e.g. ground condition, space

available & etc.)

• Special operational requirement (e.g. close to

other cranes)



• Kinds of Crane


Mobile Crane

Crawler-mounted Crane

履帶式起重機

• Ground is poor to travel /

sloped

• Operation in area of

limited access

• Handling of dynamic load

such as vibrators (震動機)

Mobile Crane

Truck-mounted Crane

貨車式起重機

• Separate control cabin for

high lifting capacity crane

• Distant travel

Mobile Crane

Wheel-mounted Crane

輪胎式起重機

• Operation in hard /

compacted ground

• Good access to operating

area is provided

• Local Lifting

Types of Jib

Telescoping Jib

伸縮吊臂• moving load in confined

area

• Setup and strip down time are short

• Maximum length of jib is restricted

• Less working loads at longer radii

Types of Jib

Strut-type Jib 支柱式吊臂 (豬籠式)

• Greater height of lifting & maximum operating radii

• Suitable for long range work / high lifts

Types of Jib

Fly-Jib 接臂

• Handling relatively light loads to extremes of height

Tower Crane

• Types of Static Base

• Types of Tower

• Types of Jib

Types of Static Base

In-Situ Base

原位底架On own base

本身底架

Types of Tower

Mono Towers Inner & Outer Telescopic

Types of Tower

• Extra sessions can be added to tower w/o dismantling or

re-erecting jib

Types of JibLifting Height

Operating Radius

Saddle Jib 起重吊臂

Lifting Height

Operating RadiusFixed Luff Jib 固定仰角式吊臂

Types of JibLifting Height

Operating Radius

Lifting Height

Operating Radius

Rear Pivoted Luffing Jib 後支點仰角變幅式吊臂

Luffing Jib 仰角變幅式吊臂



• Kinds of Crane


Crane slewing

• Prevent trapping / crushing by crane

• Width of passageway should not less than 600mm

Outrigger Beams

Outrigger Beams

• Beams should be fully extended as far as practicable

• Ground should be uniform, firm

• Timber blocking should at least 3 times larger in area than

the float and tightly spaced

• Timber blocking and float should be placed to guarantee 90

degree

Limitation Switch

限位制停器• Prevent machine damage due to operation error

• Prevent crane overloading

• Prevent crane components over-travel

• Prevent jib over-raising / lowering

Limitation Switch

限位制停器

Loading Radius

• Hook radius increase due to

– stretch of rope

– deflection of jib structure

• Derricked-in to bring the load

back into radius before lifting

Release of load

• Structural stress may greatly

increased due to

– Sudden release of loading

– Swinging

– Excessive pulling

• Jib may snap back / collapse

back over the tower

Wind Balance

• Jib should slew with the wind

Unattended Crane

• Position trolley at min radius

• Raise hook to highest position

• Position luffing jib as 15 degree

Code of Practice

Safe Use of Lifting Gear

Lifting Gear - Slings

• Where a wire rope sling is employed, the

sling should not damage the load, nor should

the sling itself be damaged

• The point used for attachment , e.g. lugs and

eyebolts, should be sufficient for lifting the

whole load

Lifting Gear - Slings

• Suitable packing should be used to prevent

damage to slings by sharp edges on loads

• When using multi-legged slings to lift loads in

which one end is much heavier than the other

– select an appropriate sling based on the most heavily

loaded leg rather than the total weight.

Method of Slinging

• Proper rigging methods should be established

• The supporting hook should be positioned directly above

the centre of gravity of the load to ensure that the load

would not topple or slip

• The upper ends of the sling legs are connected by means of a

shackle, ring or link of adequate strength

• An effective safety latch should be provided on a lifting hook

of a crane to prevent displacement of sling

ShackleHook

Latch

Methods of slinging

Single-leg sling

• Vertical or straight lift

• Only suitable for lifting a

load that will be stable

when suspended from a

single lifting point

Methods of slinging

Single-leg sling

• Basket hitch

• The sling has to pass through

the load

• The load has to be balanced

under this arrangement

• A shackle must be connected

to the sling legs

• Included angle < 90 degrees

Methods of slinging

Two-leg sling

• Two single-leg slings used at an angle provide a

more stable lifting arrangement than a single-leg

sling

• Care should be taken to ensure that

– the slings are of the same length

– the lifting capacity is the lesser SWL of the slings (if

applicable)

– the attachment points of the slings to the load are far

enough to give stability without exceeding 90 degrees

Methods of slinging

Two-leg sling

Two single-leg slings

used in choker hitch

Two single-leg slings

used in basket hitch

Legal requirements on

‘inspection’, ‘thorough

examination’ and ‘test and

thorough examination’

All lifting appliances

Legal

ref.

Testing and

Examination

Testing Thorough

Examination

Inspection Report

Form

7A

7B

Within the

preceding 7

days (includes

the inspection

of the

automatic safe

load indicator)

Form 1

Crane with anchoring or ballasting

devicesLegal

ref.

Testing and

Examination

Testing Thorough

Examination

Inspection Report

Form

7E After erection,

removal to a new

location, or

adjustment of any

component

member (being a

removal or

adjustment which

involves changes

in the

arrangements for

anchoring or

ballasting), the

crane shall be

tested before use.

All the

devices

used for the

anchoring or

ballasting of

the crane

shall be

thoroughly

examined

before the

crane is

erected.

Form 2

Crane with anchoring or ballasting

devices

Legal

ref.

Testing and

Examination

Testing Thorough

Examination

Inspection Report

Form

7G After exposure to

weather

conditions likely to

have affected the

stability of the

crane, the crane

shall be tested

before use.

Form 2

Crane, Crab or WinchLegal

ref.

Testing and

Examination

Testing Thorough

Examination

Inspection Report

Form

5(3)

5(5)

7B

(i) During the

preceding 4 years

before use (includes

the test of the

automatic safe load

indicator), or

(ii) Before use, after

undergoing

substantial repair, re-

erection, failure,

overturning or

collapse (includes the

test of the automatic

safe load indicator)

Form 3

All lifting appliances

Legal

ref.

Testing and

Examination

Testing Thorough

Examination

Inspection Report

Form

5(1) At least once

in the

preceding 12

months

Form 5

Chains, Ropes and Lifting Gear

Legal

ref.

Testing and

Examination

Testing Thorough

Examination

Inspection Report

Form

18 Before use

(except a

fibre rope or

fibre-rope

sling)

In the

preceding 6

months

before use

Form 6

Form 7

Related Enforcement

Guidelines

Enforcement Guidelines

• Safe Use of Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear

• Interim Enforcement Guidelines on Safe Use and Operation of Tower Cranes

Safe Use of Lifting Appliances

and Lifting Gear

Gantry Crane Operator

• Valid certificates for gantry cranes issued by CITA– One warning to contractors who fail to ensure that a

gantry crane is operated by a person without a valid certificate before initiating legal action

• Gantry cranes used in factories and other IUs should be advised to assign operators with valid certificates to operate the cranes.– NO legal action needs to be considered for the time

being

Automatic Safe Load Indicator

(ASLI)• Lifting capacity above 1 tonne

• Except a crane that operates with a grab or any electro magnetic means

• Audible and visible warning when approaching SWL

• Further audible and visible warning when exceeded SWL

• Test and Examination by CE after installation or substantial repair of the crane

Excavator used for Cranage Work

• When an excavator is being operated as a

LA, S.6A G.D of FIUO regulates its safe

operation

Testing and Examination of Lifting

Gear

• Eyebolts, eye rings and brackets which

are permanently fixed to a building should

not be used as anchorage points for lifting

appliances such as chain blocks, chain

hoists, trolleys, crabs etc.

• Should be tested and thoroughly

examined as an integral part of the LA

attaching or anchoring to them

Interim Enforcement Guidelines

on Safe Use and Operation of

Tower Cranes

Application

• Every newly erected and existing tower

cranes

• Inspection Sheet of Tower Crane

– Initial Inspection (Appendix II(a))

– Follow-up Inspection (Appendix II(b))

Initial Inspection (Appendix II(a))

• Form 3

• Report on Pre-delivery Verification of Components

• Report on Pre-delivery Inspection

• Assessment Report by designated person

• Maintenance logbook of past 3 years

• Specific risk assessment report in Chinese

• Method statement in Chinese

• Appointment letter of SE

• Appointment letter of Competent Person

• Appointment letter of trained workmen

Follow-up Inspection (Appendix II(b))

• Form 1,2,3 & 5• Report on Pre-delivery Verification of Components

• Report on Pre-delivery Inspection

• Assessment Report by designated person

• Maintenance logbook of past 3 years

• Specific risk assessment report in Chinese

• Method statement in Chinese

• Appointment letter of SE

• Appointment letter of Competent Person

• Appointment letter of trained workmen

Enforcement of Suspension Notice

• Pre-delivery Checking/Structural Assessment

– Pre-delivery inspection has not been conducted/ N/A for on-site inspection

– NDT not conducted to all bolts and pins used for connecting critical parts, except brand new bolts and pins

– A designated person has not been engaged to assess the structural integrity of a tower crane before its erection


• Proactive Maintenance

– Pre-delivery verification of components N/A

– Maintenance logbook N/A

• Appointment of Supervising Engineer (SE)

– When the operation will be conducted within

the next 5 workings days, an SE has not been

appointed or he does not possess adequate

qualification and experience


• Reports in Chinese/CP

– If a tower crane will be put into operation in the next 5 working days and one of the followings is detected;

• A specific risk assessment has not been conducted

• A risk assessment report or a method statement in Chinese has not been prepared

• A CP is not employed to supervise the coming operation or he does not possess at least 10 years relevant working experiences

Checking of documents

i. Report on Pre-delivery Verification of Components

ii. Structural Assessment Report by designated person

iii. Maintenance logbook of past 3 years

iv. Report on Pre-delivery Inspection

v. Appointment letter of SE

vi. Specific risk assessment report in Chinese

vii. Method Statement in Chinese

viii. Appointment letter of Competent Person

ix. Forms 1,2,3,5

x. Appointment letter of trained workmen

Revocation of SN(s)

• Discharge/rescission procedure should be

followed in accordance with the Standing

Order (Occupational Safety) No. C-2

Revocation of SN(s)

• To revoke the SN(s) related to

– (i) Report on Pre-delivery Verification of

Components and

– (ii) Structural Assessment Report by designated

person

• a principal contractor should submit a method

statement prepared by an RPE/a designated

person

Revocation of SN(s)

• To revoke an SN related to items

– (iii) Maintenance logbook of past 3 years and

– (iv) Report on Pre-delivery Inspection,

• a principal contractor should submit a confirmation

letter to assure the availability of the documents

• conduct a verification check on the documents

before the SN is revoked

Prosecution

• If the operation is being carried out without

the immediate supervision of an SE

– P against the principal contractor and the

specialist contractor by OSHO

• If the operation is being carried out in the

absence of a specific risk assessment report

in Chinese, or a method statement in

Chinese


specialist contractor by OSHO

Prosecution

• If the operation is being carried out in the

absence of a competent person


specialist contractor by 7H of LALGR

Case Analysis

Circumstances:

•The excavator was parked on a

ramp of a slope and its jibs &

bucket were to move the rock.

•One of the crawlers moved out of

the ramp edge and the excavator

was not able to maintain a stable

balance.

•The D/P used the bucket to press

on the slope beyond the edge of

the ramp and moved the crawler

on the other side simultaneously.

He attempted to bring the crawler

back the ramp.

•The excavator toppled and rolled

down the slope.

A site foreman was trapped inside the cabin of a toppled excavator

Causes of the accident:

•The soil underneath where the

excavator stationed was disturbed

by the pressing of the bucket.

•The dynamic force exerted on the

ramp increased.

•The soil collapsed and the

excavator toppled.

Preventive measures:

•Leave the cabin of the excavator

and contact the competent

persons to restore the excavator

to a safe position.

•Emergency plan should be

implemented, maintained and

review regularly.



A) The employer pays directly to the

employee for the construction work.

C) Employee attends to work regularly

and reports to employer when arrives at /

leaves from a workplace.

D) The employer bears the financial risk

of the construction work.

B) Machines & plants are provided by

employer.

Which of the following statements is the best to prove the employmentship

if only verbal contract between the employer & employees?

Two workers struck by wooden boards that fell during a lifting

operation on a construction site

Circumstances:

•Some wooden boards were

delivered to 14/F by tower crane

for formwork.

•The stack of the wooden board

was hoisted past the bar-bending

yard and a group of bar-bending

worker were working beneath.

•The boards detached from one

side of the chain slings suddenly

and the whole stack fell from

height to the bar-bending yard.

•Two workers were fatally struck

by the falling boards.


•No defect was found on the metal

chain sling. The latch hooks of the

sling was in normal condition.

•The latch hooks could appear to

have been locked but the worker

conducted a visual check only.


•No worker should work under the

hoisting object. Arrange a suitable

path for the load to avoid it

passing over workers.

•The wooden boards should be

secured by the sling and prevent

from sliding/displacement before

lifting..





A) 2

C) 11 D) 22

B) 7

What is the maximum number of summon we may issue?



What is the maximum number of summon we may issue?

1) Without form 1,3,5,6,7 5 summons; 2) Failing to present form 1,3,5,6,7 5 summons

3) Failing to ensure that load is securely suspended 1 summon

(If with subcontractor 11 x 2 = 22 summons)

A) 2

C) 11 D) 22

B) 7

The captain of a cargo vessel drowned as a result of a loose load

falling from the receptacle suspended by a mobile crane

Circumstances:

•Electrical appliances were stacked

onto a receptacle for transferring to

a cargo vessel by means of mobile

crane.

•One of the electrical appliances fell

from the receptacle and landed in

the closed vicinity of the D/P.

•The D/P standing close to the berth

fell into the sea and drowned.




•The receptacle was not enclosed.

•The appliances were not properly

stacked and tied. They could slide

off from by external disturbance

when hoisted.


After loading the cargo to receptacle,

workers should not be allowed to

work below the hoisted object.

•An enclosed receptacle and the

cargoes should be stacked at a

height below the edge of the fence.

•Use wire net to mount the

appliances on the receptacle and to

prevent displacement upon moving.



Which of the following regulation(s) did the proprietor/employer may breach?

A) FIUO Sec. 6A(2) – General duties of a proprietor

C) FIU(cargo & container handling)R Sec 4 - Rescue from drowning

D) C) FIU(cargo & container handling) Sec 4 - Access over docks

B) FIU(LALG)R Sec. 7J(3) - Load to be safely secured

A) FIUO Sec. 6A(2) – General duties of a proprietor

C) FIU(cargo & container handling)R Sec 4 - Rescue from drowning

D) C) FIU(cargo & container handling) Sec 4 - Access over docks

No system of work

B) FIU(LALG)R Sec. 7J(3) - Load to be safely secured

Receptacle not enclosed

No life saving appliances

No fence (if it is not a public

area and the dock operator

has degree of control over

the dock.

Which of the following regulation(s) did the proprietor/employer may breach?

Suggested answer:

Circumstances:

•The D/P was assigned to record

identifications of the container on a

barge berthed at container yard.

•The operator reversed the front

loader and accessed another

section.

•When D/P was walking across the

open ground, he was knocked

down and rolled over by the loader.

A container checker was knocked down by a reach stacker in a

container yard.


container yard.


•No segregation between the

pedestrian footway and the loader.

The loader moved in all direction

inside the open area.

•The rear view for the operator

sitting inside the cabin was

partially obstructed by the lifting

mask.


•Worker should not be allowed to

gain access to the area where a

front loader is in operation.

•An effective monitoring device to

eliminate the blind spot of the

operation inside the cabin of the

front loader.

•The pedestrian footway should be

demarcated and separated from

the traffic vehicles.

A) Lifting appliance B) Crane

How about a reach stacker? A lifting appliance or crane or load shifting machine?

C) Load shifting machine


container yard.

Reference

• F&IU (LALG) R

• Code of Practice for Safe Use of Tower Crane – OSHB, Labour Department

• Code of Practice for Safe Use of Mobile Crane – OSHB, Labour Department

• Crane Handbook (First Edition)– D. E. Dickie, P. Eng., Rearch & Development

Department, Construction Safety Association of Ontario

• A guide to the Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Lifting Appliances and

Lifting Gear) Regulations – OSHB, Labour Department

• Safe Use of Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear – OSHB, Labour Department

• Guidance Notes on INSPECTION, THOROUGH EXAMINATION and

TESTING of Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear – OSHB, Labour Department

• Interim Enforcement Guidelines on Safe Use and Operation of TowerCranes – OSHB, Labour Department

• Enforcement Guidelines (Occupational Safety) No. Cap. 59J-1, Factories andIndustrial Undertakings (Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear) Regulations, SafeUse of Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear

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