Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit

Carl B. Schreck

Within Our ReachWillamette Pacific Lamprey

Japanese Arctic Lamprey Harvest from Ishikari River

Data from 2007 Ishikari River Arctic Lamprey Cultural Conservation & Restoration Project Report

~1 yr/ocean

Coho Salmon

Pacific Lamprey

Life Cycle Timeline

= Freshwater

= Transition

= Ocean

Pacific Lamprey

Gabe Sheoships – CRITFC/OSULawrence Schwabe - Grande Ronde Cyndi Baker - Warm SpringsBrian McIlraith - CRITFCLance Wyss - OCFWRU/F&W, OSUBen Clemens – OSU/ODFW

Siletz & FWS

Indigenous Management & Traditional Ecological

Knowledge of Pacific Lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) in the Willamette River Basin.

Gabe SheoshipsWithin Our Reach 2012

IntroductionThe last century has not been kind to this species.

Pacific LampreyKsuyus’ (Sahaptin)Heesu’ (Nez Perce)Eel (Tribal people acquired this association from European settlers early 1900s).

Entosphenus tridentatus (Latin)

Origin story: Winner takes all

As the legend goes, the lamprey and sucker fish placed a wager over a swimming race. The lamprey lost, and thus lost all of it’s scales and bones to the sucker.

Seven Drum Washat’ Longhouse Religion

The creator designated the Ksuyus’ as a food source for the people, by the seven gill slits on it’s body.

Traditional usage of lamprey

Traditional Usage of Ksuyus’

First food honored each year in ceremony.

Biotherapy.Omega 3 oils beneficial for hair, skin tone, many other things.

Fertility promoting qualities.

Willamette Falls Fishery Management

Pre-Euro immigration, tribes valued Pacific Lamprey for 10,000 years~.

Traditional fishing location for: Nez PerceYakama tribes Warm Springs, Wasco, PauiteUmatilla, Cayuse, Walla WallaGrande Ronde, Kalapuyan, MollalaChinook, Clackamas, Tualatin

Willamette Falls TEKTribes practiced selective seasonal harvest management of Willamette Run.

Juvenile freshwater inhabitants outmigration related to lunar activity.

Adult fish were known to return to the Falls when precipitation declined.

Adult returns have always been “patchy” or highly variable.

Willamette Falls circa 1913

Willamette Falls

*Last abundant collection point for lamprey used in religious ceremonies by the tribes.

Past traditional harvest sites:

Celilo Falls (Inundation) Fifteenmile Creek (Poor returns)Kettle Falls/Columbia River (Inundation)Sherars Falls/Deschutes River (Poor returns) Savage Rapids Dam/Rogue River (Poor returns)Winchester Dam/Umpqua River (Poor returns)

Future Concerns

Acknowledgements Crow, E. Nez Perce tribe. Monroe, J. Freshwaters Illustrated. 2012 www.critfc.org

Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs ReservationCyndi Baker

IssueDeclining abundance of lamprey in Columbia

RiverAbundance of Pacific lamprey in the Willamette

Basin was first estimated in 2010Willamette Falls provides a opportunity for

capturing and tagging lamprey at fish ladders and inspecting lamprey at fish ladders and through lamprey harvest

But the area also presents a challenge…large area, high volume of water, and uncertainties of lamprey behavior through the falls/ladders

HarvestLack of

opportunity in Columbia River brings tribes from Idaho to coast

Typically occurs late June and July

Mark Recapture - AbundanceCapture lamprey in fish ladder April –

SeptemberMark with PIT tags and visible dart tagLamprey are released about 1 mile

downstreamInspecting lamprey for tags (“recaptured

fish”) occurs during taggingEstimate is made using the number marked

(tagged), recaptured and inspected for tags that had none

Year Ladder Horseshoe

2010 22,000 to 34,000 37,000

2011 40,000 to 62,000 58,000

Ca. 1910 -1915

Presented by: Lawrence Schwabe

Subsistence Spiritual Medicinal Trade & Gift Giving Way of Life

“Skakwal” is Chinook Jargon (also known as chinuk wawa)

Project Objectives:

1. Determine timing and movement patterns during upstream migrations

2. Identify over-wintering locations

3. Determine relative use of primary tributaries for spawning

4. Formulate management recommendations

Tagging Summary

2008 (CTGR) 111 tagged lamprey were above the Falls.

Tracked by boat & by 11 fixed telemetry sites.

2009 (CTGR, CRAMER, PGE,OSU) 209 Tagged Lamprey were above the Falls Tracked by Boat, Plane and 22 fixed telemetry

sites.

2010 (CTGR, CRAMER,OSU) 219 tagged lamprey were above the Falls

Tracked by boat, plane and 22 fixed telemetry sites.

2011-2012 (CTGR) 120 tagged lamprey above the

Falls. Tracking by boat and 22 fixed sites.

River Mile Mainstem Tributary Organization 24 Clackamas CFS

Willamette Falls

26West Linn

CTGR

28 Tualatin CTGR

30 Rock Island CFS

37 Molalla CTGR 37 Pudding CFS

46 Champoeg Park CFS

54 Evergreen CTGR 55 Yamhill CTGR

87 Eola CFS

106 Buena Vista CFS

108 Santiam CTGR

108 NF Santiam CFS

108 Luckiamute CTGR

119 Calapooia CTGR

131 Corvallis CFS

133 Mary's CTGR

148 Long Tom CFS

161 Harrisburg CFS

175 Mckenzie CTGR

180 Eugene CTGR

187 Coast Fork CFS

Fixed Site Locations

Determine if lamprey spawn in the mainstem Willamette River.

Quantify the amount and quality of juvenile rearing habitat.

Monitor and quantify lamprey response to floodplain restoration work.

Identify and incorporate habitat needs for pacific lamprey into floodplain restoration design.

Tribal Pacific Lamprey Restoration PlanFor the Columbia River Basin

40

41

Collaborative Lamprey Conservation and

Restoration

42

•Columbia River Basin Lamprey Technical Workgroup

•Lamprey Summit III

• June 2012

•Lamprey Conservation Agreement

•Willamette River Management Unit

CRITFC Tribal Pacific Lamprey Restoration Plan

43

• Mainstem Passage and Habitat• Tributary Passage and Habitat• Supplementation/Augmentation• Contaminants and Water Quality• Public Outreach and Education• Research, Monitoring, and

Evaluation

CRITFC Tribal Pacific Lamprey Restoration Plan

44

• Mainstem Passage and Habitat• Tributary Passage and Habitat• Supplementation/Augmentation• Contaminants and Water Quality• Public Outreach and Education• Research, Monitoring, and

Evaluation

Collaborative Lamprey Conservation and

Restoration

45

•Other guiding documents• USACE Pacific Lamprey Passage

Improvements Implementation Plan

• CRITFC Tribal Pacific Lamprey Restoration Plan for the Columbia River Basin

• USFWS Pacific Lamprey Assessment and Template for Conservation Measures

Monitoring Pacific Lamprey Relative Abundance and Distribution in the

Willamette River Basin

Lance Wyss, Ben Clemens, Luke Schultz, Gabe Sheoships, Carl Schreck

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Provide information to fill critical knowledge gaps identifiedthrough the recovery and restoration planning processes

REARING

SPAWNING

3 streamsMultiple visitsEarly May – Mid-June

2011, 2012, 2013

2013

2012

Larval Sampling Basins

Spawning Surveys

Marys River

Clear Creek

Thomas Creek

Contaminated Sediments

Siletz Sediment (reference) Portland Harbor Super Fund Site

Credits: Julia Unrein, Rob Chitwood, Carl Schreck

Pacific lamprey biology: critical uncertainties & context

Benjamin J. ClemensOregon Department of Fish & Wildlife

Willamette Falls 1913

Source: Clackamas County Historical Society

Die-off

Temp. > 20 oC

K. Kostow, 2002 ODFW white paper; D. Ward 2001 ODFW report

Tribal Harvest at Willamette Falls

Willamette

Last stronghold?

Example for other basins?

674 mm

525 mm

= “Immature” Males

1 Collection Date

Clemens 2011 Ph.D. dissertation

STREAM MATURING TYPE

OCEAN MATURING TYPE

Clemens 2011 Ph.D. dissertation

Clemens, Wyss, McCoun, Schwabe, Courter, Duery, Vaughn & Schreck 2012 Report to CRITFC

Lamprey Critical Uncertainties• Moser et al. 2007 Rev. Fish Biol. Fish.• Mesa et al. 2009• Luzier et al. 2009• Clemens et al. 2010 Fisheries• Lamprey Tech. Workgroup 2005-2011• U.S. F& WS 2011• CRITFC 2011

*We are certain that we are uncertain!

Photo credit: Jeremy Monroe , Freshwater Illustrated

Lamprey Critical Uncertainties• Biology (basic; stress, disease; pop’n dynamics)

• Population structure (genetics)

• Habitat (use vs. avail; toxics; thresholds; climate change)

• Ecology (abundance, dist., prey, predators; keystone sp?)

• Monitoring (survey, collection, marking)

• Conservation (limiting factors; aquaculture)

• Management (passage, transloc., dredging, dewatering)

Tangible products needed….

Lamprey Critical Uncertainties• Climate change• Human pop’n & economic growth• Ocean conditions• Pop’n structure• Monitoring• Habitat rehab• Predictive modeling• Adaptive management

We are not there…yet.

Context• Science

– Explore, Describe, Test, Monitor, Model, Predict

– Synthesize, Integrate, Refine• Status and trend monitoring (patterns)• What does it mean?• Identify biological mechanisms• Connect mechanisms with patterns

Ultimate mechanisms?

Context: Scale

NASA