LAND COVER MAPPING AND LAND COVER CHANGES

Project financed by the World Resources Institute (WRI) carried out by

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN in collaboration with

Kenya Department of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing (DRSRS)

WRI - FAO - DRSRS Charles Situma

charles.situma@yahoo.com

DEPARTMENT OF RESOURCE SURVEYS AND REMOTE SENSING (DRSRS)

MANDATECollection, storage, analysis, updating and dissemination of geo-spatial information on natural resources and environment to facilitate informed decision-making for sustainable development

The data collected by the department forms the basis for formulation of sound development plans, policies and strategies various government ministries and agencies.

DRSRS strives to meet objectives and aspirations of the Ministry and GoK as outlined in Vision 2030

Publications

Project purposes:

- Update of Kenya land cover map (FAO Africover database) 2000 -

2010

- Land Cover Changes Analysis

DELIVERABLES

- National harmonized land cover legend based on FAO/UNEP Land Cover Classification System (LCCS)

- National Land Cover Database

- National Land Cover Changes database (shapefile and mdb)

PRODUCT DISSEMINATION

-The data is hosted by DRSRS

- Results could be downloaded through FAO’s geospatial data portal GeoNetwork

• Satellite - Images acquisition

• Object based segmentation – Definiens Ecognition Software

• Legend - based on FAO Land Cover Classification System / Africover

• Prelabeling of images based on former FAO Africover Data

• Interpretation detail enhancement new tools for classification and labeling - FAO Madcat Software

• Fieldwork Activities

• Topology check

• Interpretation review based on field work results

• Review of homogenity and consistency of interpretation between photointerpreters

• Review of Database fields and codes

• GIS review – final topology check

• Final database output – Data overview through FAO ADG Software

Satellite image interpretation for land cover mappingLand Cover update - Workflow

1) Satellite images

Landsat (2000)Landsat (2005) Aster Google Earth

Landsat Aster Google Earth

Overview Landsat image index

Overview Aster image index

FIELDWORK ACTIVITIES

A fieldwork campaign was carried out in March 2011. Areas to be surveyed were defined following a regular

grid of 0.5 degrees 10*10 Km (ECONET)

According with the accessibility of the areas

(security issues, road network, time schedule) were defined 1 to 4 land

cover classes to survey for each area.

If the plot could not be reached, the points were selected out of the box in

nearby areas.

The map shows the points for each one of the 3 fieldwork teams with additional points within the 10 km plots.

(Source: DRSRS Final Report on Fieldwork Activities)

A sample field data record sheet filled in the field during survey –MDB format

The total points visited by the 3 groups are as follows,Group1 : 60 pointsGroup2: 84 pointsGroup3: 50 points.

Sample point selection

The FAO Afrocover methodology for land cover field survey was illustrated in the last 2 days of the workshop held in DRSRS in January 2011.

Due to the fact that the preliminary interpretation was not yet completed was defined to use a regular grid as source to define the field points, as mentioned in the previous slide.

Within this areas, according with the accessibility and land cover type available in the area, were defined specific locations to survey (1-4 points for each block).

Each sample plot measured 10 Km x10 Km Figure 3.2). At least three sample points were surveyed in each plot The full procedure was run from the accessibility assessment, to the

definition of field work results output.

Sampling area

Sample point

10 Km

10

Km

Field Survey KE_167Picture direction WField Survey KE_167Picture direction S

For Each poin were recorded information about the land cover and 4 pictures in the cardinal directions N E S W

The survey number and picture direction are visible in the blackboard in the picture

After the field work, the data was downloaded and loaded in ArcGIS with all the details of each plot no and corresponding

photos of each plot. An hyperlink was created in order to view the pictures linked to each point clicking on the point symbol

LegendClass User Name

Map Code LCCS Gis Code

A11 - Cultivated and managed terrestrial areas    

    

LCCS Class Name   

Broadleaved evergreen forest plantation1TPLbe 10153-1-W7

Needleleaved evergreen forest plantation1TPLne 10153-5671-W7

Permanently cropped area with rainfed tree crops. Large sized fields (> 4 ha)1TLPL 10495-11341-W7

Citrus plantation. Surface Irrigated1TLMi_ci 10499-1888-S0606W8

Small sized fields (<2ha) of rainfed tree crops1TS 10541-W8

Scattered Isolated small fields (<2ha) of rainfed tree crops1TS-is 10557-W8

Large to medium (>2ha) sized rainfed shrub crops.1SLM 10567

Large to medium (>2ha) sized rainfed shrub crops. Pineapple1SLM_p 10567-S0619

Large to medium (>2ha) sized rainfed shrub crops. Coffee1SLM_co 10567-S0802

Large to medium (>2ha) sized rainfed shrub crops. Tea1SLM_t 10567-S0804

Large to medium (>2ha) sized rainfed shrub crops. Sisal1SLM_s 10567-S0913

Small (<2ha) rainfed shrub crops1SS 10613

Scattered Isolated small (<2ha) rainfed shrub crops1SS-is 10629

Large to medium (>2ha) rainfed herbaceous crops1HLM 10637

Large to medium (>2ha) rainfed herbaceous crops. Cereals1HLM_ce 10637-S3

Large to medium (>2ha) irrigated herbaceous crops.1HLMi 10651

Large to medium (>2ha) irrigated herbaceous crops. Sugar cane1HLMi_su 10651-13227-S0915

Scattered isolated large to medium (>2ha) rainfed herbaceous crops1HLM-is 10717

Scattered isolated large to medium (>2ha) rainfed herbaceous crops. Cereals

1HLM-is_ce 10717-S3

Small (<2ha) fields of rainfed herbaceous crops.1HS 10756

Small (<2ha) fields of rainfed herbaceous crops. Second layer: sparse trees1HS+2TS 10285 + 20053

Small (<2ha) fields of rainfed herbaceous crops on sloping land. Second layer: sparse trees

1HSS+2TS 10756-L2 + 20052

Small (<2ha) fields of rainfed herbaceous crops. Cereals1HS_ce 10756-S3

Small (<2ha) fields of post flooding herbaceous crops1HSY 10760

Small (<2ha) fields of irrigated herbaceous crops.1HSi 10763

Scattered isolated small (<2ha) fields of rainfed herbaceous crops1HS-is 10796

Scattered isolated small (<2ha) fields of rainfed herbaceous crops. Cereals1HS-is_ce 10796-S3

Scattered Isolated Small (<2ha) fields of post flooding herbaceous crops1HSY-is 10800

Greenhouse1GH 11438-11971(2)[Z4]

70 classes

A12 – Natural or semi-natural terrestrial vegetation    

Class User NameMap Code LCCS Gis Code

LCCS Class Name   

Tree closed (>65%)2TC 20282

Closed (>65%) broadleaved evergreen forest2TCbe 20634

Closed (>65%) bamboo forest2TCba 20282-Zt2

Trees open (40-65%) with shrubs closed to open (15-65%).2TO_sco 20326-1

Trees very open (15-40%) with shrubs closed to open (15-65%).2TVO_sco 20326-3012

Trees very open (15-40%) with sparse (<15%) shrubs2TVO_ss 20336-3012

Sparse Trees (< 15%) on sparse (<15%) herbaceous2TS 20505

Closed (>65%) shrubs2SC 20357

Open (40-65%) shrubs2SO 20385-1

Very open (15-40%) shrubs2SVO 20385-3012

Very open (15%-40%) shrubs with sparse (<15%) trees2SVOTS 20393-3012

Sparse (<15%) shrubs2SS 20511

Closed to Open (15-100%) herbaceous2HCO 21644

Closed to open (15-100%) herbaceous with sparse (<15%) trees2HCOTS 21646

Sparse (<15%) herbaceous2HS 20060

A23 – Cultivated aquatic or regularly flooded areas    

Class User NameMap Code LCCS Gis Code

LCCS Class Name   

Large to medium (>2ha) paddy rice fields3RLM 3030-S0308

Small(<2ha) paddy rice fields3RS 3045-S0308

A24 – Natural or semi-natural aquatic vegetation    

Class User NameMap Code LCCS Gis Code

LCCS Class Name   

Closed (>65%) trees on permanently flooded land. Brackish water4TCFFbr 40040-R2

Open (15-65%) trees on temporarily flooded land4TOF 40047

Open (15-65%) shrubs on temporarily flooded land4SOF 40053

Closed to Open (15-100%) Shrubs On Permanently Flooded Land4SCOFF 41970

Closed to open (15-100%) herbaceous with sparse (<15%) trees on temporarily flooded land

4HCOTSF 42175

Closed to open (15-65%) herbaceous on permanently flooded land4HCOFF 42347

Closed to open (15-100%) herbaceous on temporarily flooded land4HCOF 42348

B15 - Artificial surfaces and associates area(s)    

Class User NameMap Code LCCS Gis Code

LCCS Class Name   

Urban areas5U 5003-9

Rural areas5UR 5003-9-A44Zp1

Airport5A 5003-A21

Refugee camp5UC 5003-A34

Quarries5Q 5004-2

B16 – Bare area(s)    

Class User NameMap Code LCCS Gis Code

LCCS Class Name   

Bare rock6R 6002-1

Gravels, Stones And/Or Boulders. River bank and rock debris6GR 6002-2

Bare soil6S 6005

Loose sand6L 6006

B27 – Artificial water bodies, snow and ice    

Class User NameMap Code LCCS Gis Code

LCCS Class Name   

Artificial lake and pund7WS 7002-5

B28 – Natural water bodies, snow and ice    

Class User NameMap Code LCCS Gis Code

LCCS Class Name   

Perennial rivers8WFP 8002-1-V1

Perennial lakes8WSP 8002-5

Non-Perennial Natural Waterbodies (Flowing) with Scattered Vegetation8WFTv 8003-1-U1

Seasonal rivers8WFT 8003-4

Seasonal lakes8WST 8003-7

Tidal area8Wt 8004-19

Perennial snow8SP 8006

KE_183_A

KE_050_A

KE_092_3

KE_092_3

KE_102_2

Land Cover Interpretation

Kenya Land Cover Map

Preliminary Results Overview

Kenya LC database before

field survey activity

Land Cover Data – National Level

1 Total Areas: 1970’s, 1980’s, 2000, 2010

2 Changes: area values - percentages

Results Overview

Forest, Agriculture, Urban areas

Area Km2

Land cover type

Results Overview

Overview: Spatial DistributionKenya 2000

Tree closed, Tree open

and Woody closed areas

Results – Woody Coverage

Closed forest coverage – Kenya Provinces

Results

Results

Urban areas – Kenya Provinces

Forest Plantations – Kenya Provinces

Results

a Agricultural Area Changes – Areal Distribution Of Changesa1) 1970’s - 2000

a2) 1970’s - 1980’sa3) 1980’s - 2000

b Agricultural Field Densityb1) 1970’sb2) 1980’sb3) 2000

Results – Agriculture

Agricultural areas – Kenya Provinces

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral A

reas K

m2

Results – Agriculture

Kenya Land Cover Change analysisAgricultural areas

The map shows the field density within the polygon area. According with LCCS in the agricultural fields classification

there are 3 levels of spatial distribution:•Continuous fields

•Scattered clustered •Scattered isolated

Continuous fields cover > 80% of the polygon area when in single class codes and 50-80%

when in mixed unitsScattered clustered between 20 and 50%

of the polygon areaScattered isolated between 10 and 20%

of the polygon area

Agricultural field density 1970’s

Results – Agriculture

Kenya Land Cover Change analysisAgricultural areas

The map shows the field density within the polygon area. According with LCCS in the agricultural fields classification

there are 3 levels of spatial distribution:•Continuous fields

•Scattered clustered •Scattered isolated

Continuous fields cover > 80% of the polygon area when in single class codes and 50-80%

when in mixed unitsScattered clustered between 20 and 50%

of the polygon areaScattered isolated between 10 and 20%

of the polygon area

Agricultural field density 1980’s

Results – Agriculture

Kenya Land Cover Change analysisAgricultural areas

The map shows the field density within the polygon area. According with LCCS in the agricultural fields classification

there are 3 levels of spatial distribution:•Continuous fields

•Scattered clustered •Scattered isolated

Continuous fields cover > 80% of the polygon area when in single class codes and 50-80%

when in mixed unitsScattered clustered between 20 and 50%

of the polygon areaScattered isolated between 10 and 20%

of the polygon area

Agricultural field density 2000

Results – Agriculture

Forest, Agriculture, Urban land cover area

Area Km2

Land cover type

Results Overview

Land Cover Changes 2000 - 2010 – Partial results

TOTAL AREAS 2000 Ha 2010 Ha % of changeAgriculture 7242066 7408341 2.3Rangeland 36518205 36517633 0.0

Trees 10601906 10464454 -1.3Forest Plantation 108461 98870 -8.8

Urban Areas 82710 89294 8.0Water 1463815 1440852 -1.6

N.B. Total areas calculated considering the main class in mixed classes

Planning (Land Use and Planning, Development Activities Planning)

Education

Research (Activities within Research Institutions and Universities)

Water (Water Conservation, Use and Control)

Agriculture (Soil and Land Conservation, Pest Control, Crop Monitoring)

Environment (Forestry, Biodiversity, Wildlife, Sensitive Areas, etc.)

Monitoring (Food Security, Early Warning)

Health (Disease control, health infrastructure, vaccination campaigns, etc.)

Other Application

Dataset Applications

Main fields of application:

Relative Volumes of Data Set Requests by Application

Planning18%

Education8%

Research21%

Water6%

Agriculture8%

Environment 17%

Monitoring5%

Health3%

Other14%

Database Request Statistics

% of requests per type of organization

International NGOs19%

Private and Commercial Organizations and

Individuals 12%

UN agencies and European Commission

19%

Universities30%

Governmental Organizations and

Governmental Research Institutes

20%

Total approved requests 2095

Kenya - Spatially Aggregated Multipurpose Landcover database (Africover) 372Kenya - Thematic Grassland Aggregation (Africover) 131

Kenya - Thematic Agriculture Aggregation (Africover) 216Kenya - Thematic Woody Aggregation (Africover) 142

Kenya - Thematic Aggregation Geomorphology / Lithology 104Kenya - Thematic Aggregation Geomorphology / Landform 113

Kenya - Boundaries, Towns, Roads, Rivers 1017

Total number of request for Kenya 2323 – pending 9 – rejected 219

Total number of delivered data for Kenya

DRSRS is involved in:◦ Clinton Climate

Initiatives on land cover mapping of Kenya

◦ KFS REDD Readness plan for MRV (Monitoring, Reporting and Verification on Forests)

◦ FAO/DRSRS Dryland forest mapping for REDD

PASCO/KFS/RCMRD/DRSRS

Other Initiatives

THE END