landfill2015. g. arendse%2c… · mainly on waste disposal ( ~90% of waste generated) . “what a...

G. Arendse, MSc. Western Cape Government

Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning

Landfill2015

Provincial prospective on Waste

Management solutions for South Africa

2

Running of out

landfill airspace

SA and W. Cape’s waste management situation

Growing population and inefficiencies in the economy results in the

increased generation of waste.

Increasingly there are more complex waste streams as a result of

industrialisation and lack of design for the environment.

Limited understanding of waste flows & quantities complicates

interventions and the tracking of progress.

“End-of-pipe” approach to waste management - waste disposal still

remains the predominant means of managing waste in South

Africa.

Majority of municipalities and cities in South Africa face serious

economic, social and environmental challenges related to solid

waste management.


Municipalities can no longer afford the ‘collect and dump’ approach to solid waste management due to soaring collection and transportation costs and more stringent environmental protection (e.g. containment barriers for landfills) measures.

Municipal financial model to render services is under pressure and not sustainable (heavy reliance on electricity and water charges).

Increase in living standards and urban populations growth will double the volume of municipal solid waste generated annually by 2025 (World Watch Institute) - this will exacerbate the current waste challenges if the management of waste continue to rely mainly on waste disposal ( ~90% of waste generated) .

“What a Waste”: a global review of solid waste management (World Bank ) estimates that the amount of municipal solid waste will rise from the current 1.3bn tonnes a year to 2.2bn by 2025.

The annual cost of solid waste management is also projected to rise from $205bn to $375bn, with cost increasing most sharply in poorer countries.


Paradigm shift is needed in SA to see waste as a resource

(Integrated Pollution and Waste Management Policy, 2000 and

National Waste Management Strategy, 1999).

If this resource is well managed it will unlock the embedded jobs in

waste management and it can contribute to address

unemployment.

Integrated waste management should complement our climate

change mitigation response by implementing measures to manage

GHGs more effectively -

Methane: x 21 damaging than carbon dioxide;

Globally waste disposal is responsible for 12% of the anthropogenic

(human induced) methane (World Bank).

Waste can also be utilised to respond to the energy crisis which

the country is experiencing by contributing to the energy mix.


WCG is currently implementing its Green is Smart Green Economy Framework (2013) - waste identified as one of the priority areas to unlock the economic potential and create “green jobs”.

DST 2011 – R 17b /annum of resources generated , of which municipalities pay R8.3b to send R9.4b worth of resources to landfill.

Illegal dumping is rife in SA – clean up costs are 5 times more than the cost through the normal waste stream – CoCT spend annually > R 241m on cleaning up illegally dumped waste.

Limited waste management awareness of our citizen.

Municipalities have limited capacity and resources resulting in non-compliance of many of waste management facilities to environmental authorisations - impacting on health of people and the environment.

Full cost accounting is not done by municipalities in setting tariffs; reliance on grant funding - results in limited integrated waste management infrastructure to divert waste for recycling.

Green Economy

Waste

Economy

Agri-processing identified as a significant sector with

potential to scale

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Potential GVA contribution1

R billions

Potential job creation1

000 jobs

100k jobs

High2

179

Low2

115

Today

79

+126%

26

17

Today

12

High2Low2

R7 billion added to WC agri-processing by 2020

Municipal illegal dumping clean-up costs

360 000

2 000 000

411 127

1 765 499

9 185 800

1 575 936

1 803 530

969 600950 000

6 500 000

2 100 000

525 813

0

1 000 000

2 000 000

3 000 000

4 000 000

5 000 000

6 000 000

7 000 000

8 000 000

9 000 000

10 000 000

Waste estimates WC – WC integrated Waste

Management Plan 2010

Construction-related public capital expenditure (R ‘b)

(www.pwc.co.za/construction)

• South Africa’s construction industry poised for future growth

despite recent setbacks in the economy and labour unrest:

PwC report

• The construction sector in W. Cape

showed strong growth at 10,4% (CoCT,

6/8/2014)

Waste estimates WC – WC integrated Waste Management Plan 2010

12

Waste Management Facilities in WC

Waste Disposal Facilities in WC - 164

8

O-8

C- 1

30

O-18

C-12

30

O-15

C-15

29

O-10

C-19

27

O- 4

C-23

40

O-20

C-20

Legend:

O = operational

C = closed

29

O-10

C-19

Do SA have the environmental tools to manage

waste more sustainably?

NEMWA provides the regulatory tools to improve waste management in the country e.g.

National Waste Management Strategy (NWMS);

Regulations & Norms and Standards;

Integrated waste management and planning;

Priority waste;

Waste information management and reporting;

Waste management pricing & Waste Bureau.

Governance forums / institutional platforms established - coordinate across spheres of government and to allow stakeholder engagements – to what extent is it impacting on and aligning policy development and implementation.

Change from a linear to circular economy – need to the refine regulatory provisions to facilitate this circular economy

Refinement of policies and processes

Waste policies have to be totally aligned to promote a circular economy which is not currently the case – enabling:

Definition of waste needs further refinement to enable the use of waste as a resource.

Schedule 3 added to the waste definition - unintended consequences which cannot be totally fixed which the draft exclusion regulations or an interpretation guide.Clear definitions do not need implementation guides.

Add organic waste to landfill prohibitions.

Standards to be affordable – either scale down or phased in over longer periods eg cost of landfill containment barriers.

Regulatory impact assessment to be done before any policy, legislation of regulation is promulgated.

DEA is supporting alternative waste management treatment and resource recovery – however, the different environmental acts are not aligned to promote and enable options to waste disposal – impacts negatively on investment in the waste sector which the country cannot afford.


National Waste Information System to be redesigned to provide the information needed to inform decision-making, policy development, target-setting and the general management of waste.

SAWIS not designed to provide waste balance for South Africa (not all waste streams covered for waste generation, waste treated, diverted and disposed).

A target of 20% waste diversion for recycling by 2019 was set for SA -but the actual impacts, contribution to waste economy, job creation and the investment needed to move from 10% to 20% is unknown.

Funding of integrated waste infrastructure is needed to recover waste material for the waste economy.

By setting new recycling targets the European Union will create a 180 000 new jobs, while making Europe more competitive and reducing demand for costly scarce resources by increase recycling/re-use of municipal waste to 70% in 2030.


Waste pricing strategy:

Needed in SA to correct market failures;

Concerns:

Rush with implementation

Government to manage all existing EPR schemes within a period

of two years from the date implementation – why not rather focus

on the waste streams, and leave the current voluntary EPR

schemes? (enabler, regulator & implementer?)

Capacity of Waste Bureau is not known – will Bureau be able to

draft product plans - why not leave it for industry and the Bureau

to provide rules and do the assessment once the plans are

drafted.

Impact of revenue generation of municipalities.

It seems no socio-economic assessment is being planned.

Interventions to address key challenges

National waste and illegal dumping campaign is needed to raise awareness of citizens. W. Cape Waste Management Officers’ Task Team established to draft Illegal Dumping Strategy for the province.

Regionalisation of certain waste management services needed to maximise resource use (includes alternative funding models), as well as partnership between the municipalities and the private sector.

Cost reflective tariffs to be set by municipalities.

Sustainable public procurement can stimulate the market for green goods with recycled content – should be implemented over all the spheres of government (WCG has a Green Procurement Guideline, 2013).

Strengthen the capacity of provinces and municipalities: • The environment sector plan is not having the desired impact on the Division of

Revenue (DORA) to provinces and municipalities to implement its constitutional and legislated mandate –– need to establish the right set of indicators and provide more accurate costing of services and

the implementation of mandates. – Legislation must be subjected to a socio-economic impact assessment and costing.

• Municipalities’ organisational structure to address skills gaps to carry out waste management mandate

Interventions to address key challenges

Focus on waste streams from a strategic socio-economic importance (i.e. high impact)

Organic waste (food, green/garden, abattoir, volatile animal matter, agricultural residue) – composting, waste-to-energy technologies

Hazardous waste - co-disposal and dilution is not accepted at waste disposal facilities, which necessitate treatment before disposal – improve hazardous waste treatment capacity

Health care risk waste – limited treatment capacity; need to increase treatment capacity to adequately address the proper management of HCRW

Construction & Demolition waste – design for demolition, waste recovery and recycling through building regulatory processes;

Integrated waste facilities to cater for C&D waste;

WCG and City of Cape Town engaging the construction sector in improving resource use efficiency in the construction of infrastructure and utilisation of construction & demolition waste.

Assessment of municipal integrated waste management infrastructure.

Regionalisation of waste management facilities – where appropriate and consider alternative funding model between municipals

Summary of WtE technology considered in WC

Source: presentation by Peter Silbernagl from PD Naidoo & Associates at WC WMO Forum on 15092011

1 x Cement kiln

3 x

4 x

14 x

Current Waste to Energy projects in W. Cape

Anaerobic Digestion

Generation of electricity:

Piggery – Klipheuwel;

Fruit waste – farm in Grabouw;

Bovine manure – farm in Darling & Bonnievale

Anaerobic Digestion - Biogas:

Animal manure – farm Graafwater, Voorpaardeberg & Vyevlei farm, Malmesbury; Saldanha phase 1

Organic waste – Dairy Farm Morgenster, Malmesbury

Anaerobic Digetion - Biomass fuel combustion

Poultry litter – farms Romance, Blomvlei& Doornekraal

Anaerobic Digestion – Biodigestion

Sewage sludge – City of Cape Town

Organic waste – Athlone

AD pilot plant – Enviroserve (under threshold)

Pyrolysis

Tyres – Atlantis

Plastics – Botriver (under threshold)

JICA Pilot plant, Kraaifontein, CoCT

Incineration

PPC cement kiln, De Hoek

23

Working together is going a

long way in solving problems

G. Arendse , MSc.Western Cape Government

Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning

Landfill2015

Thank you for your attention. Any questions?

landfill2015. g. arendse%2c… · mainly on waste disposal ( ~90% of waste generated) . “what a...

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