landis-ii workshop april 1, 2006. landis-ii workshop agenda 1.introduction to landis-ii presentation...
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LANDIS-II LANDIS-II Workshop AgendaWorkshop Agenda
1. Introduction to LANDIS-II presentation2. Tour of the Web Site3. Downloading new extensions4. Running the model5. Input validation6. Running multiple scenarios7. Viewing output8. Future Modifications
Forest Landscape Simulation ModelsSimulate change through time due to the interactions between succession and external drivers (e.g., disturbances or climate change) across a spatially extensive ecosystem.
Are used in conjunction with Scenarios configurations of alternate potential future
conditions examine management consequences understand process interactions a suite of discrete stories of forest change
Forest Landscape Simulation Models
Why Use Forest Landscape Models?
Provide projections of long-term (100 – 200 yrs) and broad-scale forest change.
Allows experimentation and comparisons between scenarios.
Tools for synthesizing data and models of smaller-scale processes.
Multi-disciplinary: incorporate concepts and theories from landscape, ecosystem, and community ecology.
Madison, Wisconsin
~1.5 million ha aspen-pines-
northern hardwoods
fragmented
LANDIS-II Example:
Interactions among climate change, fragmentation, and harvesting in northern Wisconsin.
LANDIS-II Example: Effects of insects on carbon storage and succession (NASA)
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Julian Day50 100 150 200 250 300 350
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Gypsy Moth DefoliatedNot Defoliated
MODIS seasonal profiles of 250m EVI for defoliated and undisturbed areas. Bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.
Gypsy Moth DefoliatedNot Defoliated
Julian Day
2000 2001
FORESTED LANDSCAPE
SPRUCE BUDWORMGYPSY MOTH
SPECIESESTABLISHMENT
LIVING BIOMASS
DEAD BIOMASS
NPP
Mortality
LANDIS-II Example: Climate change, harvesting options, and conservation implications in northern Minnesota (TNC).
LANDIS-IILANDIS-IIFeaturesFeatures
Stochastic disturbance events dependent upon
probabilities regeneration also probabilistic
Spatially Dynamic emphasis is on contagious processes:
dependent upon neighborhoods and landscape configuration
LANDIS-IILANDIS-IIFeaturesFeatures
Optimized for Large Landscapes spatially explicit and dynamic results can be viewed in a GIS
Spatial and Temporal Flexibility variable time steps for each process variable spatial resolution and extent
LANDIS-II: Forest Landscape SimulatorLANDIS-II: Forest Landscape Simulator
FORESTED LANDSCAPE
WINDTHROW
FIRE
HARVESTING
INSECTS / DISEASE
DISPERSALSPECIES
ESTABLISHMENT
AGEING &GROWTH (optional)
CLIMATE
AGE-RELATEDMORTALITY
LANDIS-II IntroductionLANDIS-II Introduction
LANDIS simulates succession, seed dispersal, harvesting, and other natural disturbances.
LandscapeSites
EcoregionsHomogeneous soils
and climate
Dynamic community composition
LANDIS-II IntroductionLANDIS-II Introduction
Question: How to represent trees?
Problem: At broad scales, we cannot represent individual trees.
Solution: Aggregate individuals into SPECIES and AGE cohorts.
Example:
Actual site 10 year species and age cohorts
Sugar maple ages: Sugar maple cohorts:2,3,16,89,112 1-10, 11-20, 81-90, 111-120
Hemlock ages: Hemlock cohorts:6,8,24,56,225 1-10, 21-30, 51-60, 221-230
LANDIS-II IntroductionLANDIS-II Introduction
Why Species and Age?
LANDIS is founded on the principle of vital attributes (Noble and Slatyer 1980).
Vital attributes are the unique life history characteristics of each species.
Vital attributes define how a species will respond to disturbance and competition.
Examples include: shade tolerance, longevitylongevity, fire tolerance, seed production ageseed production age, seed dispersal distances, etc.
LANDIS-II IntroductionLANDIS-II Introduction
Species and Age Cohorts:1. Tree species cohorts defined by age2. Cohort age ranges are flexible 3. Multiple cohorts at each site, multiple cohorts
for each species.
Species
Age range
An abstract cohort
Acer rubrum
21-30 years old
An example cohort
LANDIS-II IntroductionLANDIS-II Introduction
Species and Age Cohorts:1. Can be extended to include quantitative data2. Example: Cohorts with aboveground biomass.
Species
Age range
Biomass
An abstract cohort
Acer rubrum
21-30 years old
5 Mg ha-1
An example cohort
LANDIS-II IntroductionLANDIS-II Introduction
LANDIS-II has a Core and many extensions.
Extensions contain the ecological processes - succession and disturbances.
There can be many different extensions for each process - different questions, different extensions.
Extensions are designed to be shared and modified. Ours will be open source.
Many disturbance types possible.
Landscape Site Data
Ecoregion Data
Species CohortsOther site data:- Time since fire- Leaf litter & fine
woody debris- Coarse woody
debris
- Disturbance regimes- Growth, decomposition, establishment
Species Cohorts:Minimally Includes: Species ID + AgeCan Include: Aboveground Live Biomass, Density, Diameter, etc.
LANDIS-II CoreLANDIS-II Core
`
SpeciesData
Life History or Physiological Data:- Shade Tolerance- Fire Tolerance - Maturity Age- Longevity
spp2 5 … 0.5…sppN x … z
DisturbanceExtensions
Each disturbance can also define and have its own data:
• Unique Set of Ecoregions
• Additional Species Data
• Additional Site Data
LANDIS-II ExtensionsLANDIS-II Extensions
SuccessionExtensions
Defines what type of cohort will be used.
Determines how site-level light is calculated.
Manages reproduction.
OutputExtensions
Summarizes data into useful outputs.
Does not alter the landscape or sites in any way.
LANDIS-II Flexible ArchitectureLANDIS-II Flexible Architecture
Example Scenario of Example Scenario of User InteractionsUser Interactions
LANDIS-II Core and
Extensions Interactions
SuccessionExtension
FireExtension
WindExtension
The User downloads extensions (‘plug-ins’) from the LANDIS-II web site
Main Module
Landscape ModuleSiteLandscape
Shared Data
SpeciesModule
EcoregionModule
LANDIS-IILANDIS-IICoreCore
OtherModules
User Computer
LANDIS-II Core and
Extensions Interactions
SuccessionExtension
FireExtension
WindExtension
The User indicates which extensions to use
Each extension has its owntime step, determined by the User.
Main Module
Landscape ModuleSiteLandscape
Shared Data
SpeciesModule
EcoregionModule
LANDIS-IILANDIS-IICoreCore
OtherModules
Main Module
Landscape ModuleSiteLandscape
Shared Data
SpeciesModule
EcoregionModule
LANDIS-IILANDIS-IICoreCore
OtherModules
SuccessionExtension
FireExtension
These data are shared with other extensions.
Examples include: time since last fire, dead biomass, etc.
Each extension defines its own site variables.
WindExtension
Main Module
Landscape ModuleSiteLandscape
Shared Data
SpeciesModule
EcoregionModule
LANDIS-IILANDIS-IICoreCore
OtherModules
LANDIS-II Core and Extensions Interactions
SuccessionExtension
FireExtension
Each extension can also addspecies or ecoregion data.
WindExtension
Main Module
Landscape ModuleSiteLandscape
Shared Data
SpeciesModule
EcoregionModule
LANDIS-IILANDIS-IICoreCore
OtherModules
LANDIS-II Core and Extensions Interactions
SuccessionExtension
FireExtension
Main Module determines the order and executes succession, disturbance, and output.
WindExtension
Variable Time StepsVariable Time Steps
Each extension (‘plug-in’) operates at its own time step, from 1 - 100+ years.
Extension types: succession disturbance output
Species cohorts match the succession time step. For example: If succession = 20 yrs, then cohorts = 1 - 20, 21 - 40, 41 - 60 yrs and so on.
Variable Time StepsVariable Time Steps
Each extension operates at its own time step.
For example: Succession every 10 yearsFire every 3 yearsOutput every 5 years
1. The Main Module (MM) operates at an annual time step.
2. Every year, MM checks whether each module need to run.
3. Some modules (e.g. fire) will only alter a sub-set of sites.
Variable Time StepsVariable Time StepsExample: a single site Succession (S) every 10 yearsFire (F) every 3 yearsOutput (O) every 5 years
timeIf a disturbance alters a site, reproduction occurs at that site (add C2).
C1 aged into age class 11-20.C2 (7 yrs old) are placed into age class 1-10 yr.
New cohorts (C1) added to age class 1-10.
Variable Time StepsVariable Time StepsExample: a single site Succession (S) every 10 yearsFire (F) every 3 yearsOutput (O) every 5 years
timeDisturbance alters a site, reproduction occurs (add C2).
C1 aged into age class 11-20.
C2 (7 yrs old) and C3 (4 yrs old) are combined
into age class 1-10 yr.
New cohorts (C1) added to age class 1-10.
Disturbance @ year 6:Incorporates presence of C2.Reproduction occurs (add C3).
97°0'0"W
96°0'0"W
96°0'0"W
95°0'0"W
95°0'0"W
50°0'0"N50°0'0"N
51°0'0"N51°0'0"N
0 20 40 60 8010Kilometers
´
Eastern Fire ZoneWestern Fire Zone
LAKE
WINNIP
EG
MANITOBA
ONTARIO
MINNESOTAN. DAKOTA
WINNIPEG
CANADA
USA
VariableTime StepsExample:
Manitoba ModelForest
40
45
50
55
60
65
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
Simulation Year
Ag
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yrs
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1 yr. Fire / Succession5 yr. Fire / Succession10 yr. Fire / Succession
Variable Time Steps Example:Manitoba Model Forest
0
20
40
60
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100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Simulation year
% L
ands
cape
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Simulation year
% L
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Balsam fir
White birch
Black ash
Tamarack
White spruce
Lowland black spruce
Upland black spruce
Jack pine
Balsam poplar
Big-toothed aspen
1 year fire and succession 5 year fire and succession
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40
60
80
100
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Simulation year
% L
ands
cape
10 year fire and succession
Variable Time Steps Example:Manitoba Model Forest
LANDIS-II LANDIS-II Workshop AgendaWorkshop Agenda
1. Introduction to LANDIS-II presentation2. Tour of the Web Site3. Running the model4. Input validation5. Running multiple scenarios6. Viewing output7. Calibrating fire rotation periods8. Future Modifications