A SEMINAR TOPIC ON

LANDMINE DETECTION USING

IMPULSE GROUND PENETRATING RADAR

Contents> Introduction> Block diagram> Implementation> Applications> Advantages> Limitations> Future scope> Conclusion

Introduction> Around every 22 minutes one person some where in the world is killed or injured by a land mine.> Nearly 50 million unexploded land mines in 60 countries around the world.> Large portions of land go unused due to fear of mines.> Modern mines can be constructed with plastics and composites.

Land mine

These are the Physical characteristics of Land Mine

Technology used to Detect the land mines: > Metal detectors > Nuclear magnetic resonance > Thermal imaging and electro optical sensors > Biological sensors > Chemical sensors

METHODS OF TECHNOLOGY

Biological sensor Metal detectors

Block Diagram

Hardware description> Impulse generator(GPR)> Antenna system> Pulse extender> A/D converter> Processor> Visual display

Ground Penetrating Radar:> The impulse GPR system has been developed in the International Research

Centre for Telecommunications Transmission and Radar(IRCTR).> This ultra wide band radar provide centimetere resolution to locate even small targets.> Two distinct types of GPR Time domain , Frequency domain.> Time domain or Impulse GPR transmits discrete pulses of nano sec duration and

digitize the return at GHZ sample rate.> Frequency domain GPR system transmit single frequency & amplitude &phase of

the return signal is measured.

Antenna System:> The GPR system performance strongly depends on the antenna system.> The antenna system consist of transmitter and receiver> The transmit antenna should :> Radiate Ultra-Wideband> Radiate Electro-magnetic energy

Pulse extender:> It will amplify the ground reflection signal upto the maximum level acquired A/D

converter.> It amplify the samples of digital signals which are converted from analog signal.

A/D Converter:> The transmitter sends out a series of EM pulses then listens with the receiver connected to high speed samples which in-turn feeds to A/D converter.> This information is converted from nano sec to milli sec.> It provides 12 bit accuracy and 66dB linear dynamic range.

Processor:> The processor filters the signals > This signals shows presence or absence of surrogate mine in the soil.> Processor selects the mine detecting signal and passes to the visual display.

Visual display:> It helps to see the range of targets.

> It displays the position of land mine.

Implementation:> The impulse generator produces 0.8ns monocycle pulse.> The generator spectrum covers a wide frequency band from 500MHZ on 3dB level. > After striking the mine, pulses return and are received by the receiver antenna.

[Cont..]

ApplicationsGPR has many applications in number of fields:> In case of Earth science it is used to study bedrocks ,soils , ground water and ice.> Engineering applications include non-destructive testing of structures and pavements, locating buried structures and studying of soils.> GPR is used to define landfills contaminant plums and other remediation sites.> Military uses include detection of mines ,unexploded ordnance and tunnels.

Advantages:> GPR has accurate measurements. > GPR locates even a small targets.> It has been well founded by the defense.> GPR operates by detecting the dielectric soils when allows it to locate even no metallic mines.> GPR has been tested in different environmental conditions.

Limitations:> GPR is more power hungry> Thus false alarms are easily generated from the background itself.> The sensors such as GPR are larger and heavier.

Future scope:> Army mine fields is to measure detection probabilities under realistic conditions.> Plans to speed up the scan rate with advanced arrays are under the way.

Development Platform

Development Platform

Technological based development for land mine detection tends to be a vehicular based system this vehicular based system is shown

ConclusionImpulse GPR system is used for detecting anti-tank and antipersonnel mines.

Through iterative design, build test cycles, and scored testing at Army mine lanes, steady progress is being made.

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