landraces from different geographic origin are grouped together · 2013. 9. 19. · mm87 mm90 n...
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n MM06 n MM92 MM93 MM35
MM21 MM23
MM37 n MM72
MM32 MM65
MM18 MM30 MM20 MM25 MM41
MM82
n MM61 MM68
n MM78 n MM79 n MM81
MM22
MM28 MM29 MM33 MM45 n MM85
MM62 n MM89 MM91 MM80 MM64 MM70
MM26 MM44 MM90 MM87
n MM100 MM36
MM39 MM63
MM99 n MM05 MM31
MM34 MM40 MM84 MM98 n MM74
MM19 MM27 MM38 n MM42
MM46 n MM76 MM66
n MM43 n MM71 MM73 MM67 n MM88 MM69
100
100 72
100
100
100
100
99
100 0.1
Central Myanmar ( )
Upper Myanmar ( )
Lower Myanmar ( )
Shan state ( )
N
Unknown origin ( n )
Landraces from different geographic origin are grouped together
Fig. NJ tree of Myanmar accessions
Intensive exchange within country by human?
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Conclusions
• High gene2c heterozygosity • Distribu2on on PCoA plot is as broad as Florida varie2es
• Broad gene2c background
• No clear correla2on between geographical origin and gene2c background
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Gene&c Integrity of Germplasm
Photos: Courtesy of Dr. Kawase / NIAS Genebank
Specific ques2on: What is the consequences of gene2c Integrity of germplasm conserved in different genebanks ?
Gene2c integrity of germplasm conserved in different genebanks
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Collec2on
Farmer’s field (in situ)
Genebank A (ex situ)
Collec2on
Genebank B (ex situ)
Hypothesis:
Gene2c Diversity of the Germplasm Should be Gene2cally Equivalent
Differences in management are assumed
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Regenera&on process in genebank management
Ideal: Use as many individual as possible Cost for regenera2on is the biggest constrain
(Horna, 2008)
46.15% of total capital cost
US$ 34.36 per acc.
BUT
Table Total and average cost of genebank (Horna, 2008)
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Materials and Methods Hirano et al. 2009. Crop Sci. In press.
• Gene bank accessions – Na2onal Ins2tute of
Agrobiological Sciences, Japan (NIAS)
– Plant Gene2c Resources Program, Pakistan (PGRP)
• Original collec2ons • 17 accessions • AFLP (Vos et al. 1995)
Na2onal Ins2tute of Agricultural Sciences (NIAS)
Plant Gene2c Resources Program (PGRP)
Original collec2on
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Table Basic informa2on of NIAS and PGRP
Loca&on Regenera&
on Frequency
Field loca&on
Geographic posi&on of field
Growing
season Min. / max
(°C) No. of indiv. used for
regenera&on (lat /long) NIAS Tsukuba,
Japan 0 to 1&me. Sapporo 43.00 N /141.40 E Sep.‐
Jun. -6.7 / 22.3 About 15
Iwate 39.73 N / 141.13 E Sep.‐ Jun.
-5.3 / 23.8
Ibaraki 36.02 N / 140.10 E Oct.‐ Jun.
-2.7 / 24.9
Fukuyama 34.50 N / 133.38 E Oct.‐ Jun.
0.5 / 26.9
PGRP Islamabad, Pakistan
Once in 1998.
Islamabad 33.70 N / 73.13 E Nov.‐ Jun.
2.9 / 29.7 Few
Results and Discussion
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Numbers of individuals for regenera2on are different
Environmental condi2on of regenera2on field are different
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Varia&on source df SS Variance component
% of varia&on
Among popl. 2 27.59 0.36 6 Within popl. 48 251.88 5.25 94
Total 50 274.47 5.61 100
Table Result of AMOVA
# of Loci P Chi‐sq. value P
O vs P 2.40 0.12 (ns)
O vs N 2.02 0.16 (ns)
Table Result of Chi square test
Varia&on within a genebank was greater than between different genebanks
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Exp.: expected number of bands in the accession, that is equivalent to number of bands observed in Original. Obs.: observed number of bands in NIAS accessions, Chi square tests were carried out with df=1. *: Significant with 5% of confident interval
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Table Comparison of unchanged AFLP Loci between Original vs NIAS and Original vs PGRP
No significant differences of AFLP loci between different genebanks
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Fig. Disappearance of bands in wheat landraces at different loci
Disappearance of bands observed in 12 accessions of PGRP
Unintended selec&on might have occurred at PGRP
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NIAS
PGRP